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Barlak N, Capik O, Sanli F, Karatas OF. The roles of microRNAs in the stemness of oral cancer cells. Oral Oncol 2020; 109:104950. [PMID: 32828020 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC), which is the most common form of head and neck cancers, has one of the lowest (~50%) overall 5-year survival rates. The main reasons for this high mortality rate are diagnosis of OC in advanced stages in most patients and spread to distant organs via lymph node metastasis. Many studies have shown that a small population of cells within the tumor plays vital roles in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of the tumor, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and recurrence. These cells, identified as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are the main reasons for the failure of current treatment modalities. Deregulated expressions of microRNAs are closely related to tumor prognosis, metastasis and drug resistance. In addition, microRNAs play important roles in regulating the functions of CSCs. Until now, the roles of microRNAs in the acquisition and maintenance of OC stemness have not been elucidated in detail yet. Here in this review, we summarized significant findings and the latest literature to better understand the involvement of CSCs in association with dysregulated microRNAs in oral carcinogenesis. Possible roles of these microRNAs in acquisition and maintenance of CSCs features during OC pathogenesis were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslisah Barlak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozel Capik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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202
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STAT3 inhibition with galiellalactone effectively targets the prostate cancer stem-like cell population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13958. [PMID: 32811873 PMCID: PMC7434889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of quiescent cells with the potential to differentiate into tumor cells. CSCs are involved in tumor initiation and progression and contribute to treatment failure through their intrinsic resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy, thus representing a substantial concern for cancer treatment. Prostate CSCs’ activity has been shown to be regulated by the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Here we investigated the effect of galiellalactone (GL), a direct STAT3 inhibitor, on CSCs derived from prostate cancer patients, on docetaxel-resistant spheres with stem cell characteristics, on CSCs obtained from the DU145 cell line in vitro and on DU145 tumors in vivo. We found that GL significantly reduced the viability of docetaxel-resistant and patient-derived spheres. Moreover, CSCs isolated from DU145 cells were sensitive to low concentrations of GL, and the treatment with GL suppressed their viability and their ability to form colonies and spheres. STAT3 inhibition down regulated transcriptional targets of STAT3 in these cells, indicating STAT3 activity in CSCs. Our results indicate that GL can target the prostate stem cell niche in patient-derived cells, in docetaxel-resistant spheres and in an in vitro model. We conclude that GL represents a promising therapeutic approach for prostate cancer patients, as it reduces the viability of prostate cancer-therapy-resistant cells in both CSCs and non-CSC populations.
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203
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Arthur P, Patel N, Surapaneni SK, Mondal A, Gebeyehu A, Bagde A, Kutlehria S, Nottingham E, Singh M. Targeting lung cancer stem cells using combination of Tel and Docetaxel liposomes in 3D cultures and tumor xenografts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115112. [PMID: 32540278 PMCID: PMC7437978 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) accounts for recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy in various tumors. Efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is limited by tumor stromal barriers, which hinder their penetration into deep tumor sites. We have earlier shown telmisartan (Tel) pretreatment prior to Docetaxel (DTX) administration enhances anti-cancer effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we demonstrated for the first time the efficacy of Docetaxel liposomes (DTXPL) in combination with Tel in 3D cultures of H460 cells by using polysaccharide-based hydrogels (TheWell Biosciences) and also in xenograft model of DTX resistant H460 derived CD133+ lung tumors. DTXPL and Tel combination showed enhanced cytotoxicity in H460 WT 3D cultures by two folds. In H460 3D cultures, Tel pretreatment showed increased liposomal uptake. DTXPL and Tel combination treated tumors showed reduction in tumor volume (p < .001), increased apoptosis and downregulation of CSC markers (p < .01) in H460 WT and DTX resistant CD133+ xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Arthur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Nilkumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | - Aragaw Gebeyehu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Shallu Kutlehria
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Ebony Nottingham
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
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204
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Líšková A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Targeting Glucose Metabolism to Overcome Resistance to Anticancer Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2252. [PMID: 32806533 PMCID: PMC7464784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women. BC is heterogeneous, with distinct phenotypical and morphological characteristics. These are based on their gene expression profiles, which divide BC into different subtypes, among which the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is the most aggressive one. The growing interest in tumor metabolism emphasizes the role of altered glucose metabolism in driving cancer progression, response to cancer treatment, and its distinct role in therapy resistance. Alterations in glucose metabolism are characterized by increased uptake of glucose, hyperactivated glycolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) component, and the accumulation of lactate. These deviations are attributed to the upregulation of key glycolytic enzymes and transporters of the glucose metabolic pathway. Key glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and enolase are upregulated, thereby conferring resistance towards drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, and doxorubicin. Besides, drug efflux and detoxification are two energy-dependent mechanisms contributing to resistance. The emergence of resistance to chemotherapy can occur at an early or later stage of the treatment, thus limiting the success and outcome of the therapy. Therefore, understanding the aberrant glucose metabolism in tumors and its link in conferring therapy resistance is essential. Using combinatory treatment with metabolic inhibitors, for example, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and metformin, showed promising results in countering therapy resistance. Newer drug designs such as drugs conjugated to sugars or peptides that utilize the enhanced expression of tumor cell glucose transporters offer selective and efficient drug delivery to cancer cells with less toxicity to healthy cells. Last but not least, naturally occurring compounds of plants defined as phytochemicals manifest a promising approach for the eradication of cancer cells via suppression of essential enzymes or other compartments associated with glycolysis. Their benefits for human health open new opportunities in therapeutic intervention, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Importantly, phytochemicals as efficacious instruments of anticancer therapy can suppress events leading to chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of altered glucose metabolism in contributing to resistance to classical anticancer drugs in BC treatment and various ways to target the aberrant metabolism that will serve as a promising strategy for chemosensitizing tumors and overcoming resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Alena Líšková
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
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205
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Hoemberger M, Pitsawong W, Kern D. Cumulative mechanism of several major imatinib-resistant mutations in Abl kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19221-19227. [PMID: 32719139 PMCID: PMC7431045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919221117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the outstanding success of the cancer drug imatinib, one obstacle in prolonged treatment is the emergence of resistance mutations within the kinase domain of its target, Abl. We noticed that many patient-resistance mutations occur in the dynamic hot spots recently identified to be responsible for imatinib's high selectivity toward Abl. In this study, we provide an experimental analysis of the mechanism underlying drug resistance for three major resistance mutations (G250E, Y253F, and F317L). Our data settle controversies, revealing unexpected resistance mechanisms. The mutations alter the energy landscape of Abl in complex ways: increased kinase activity, altered affinity, and cooperativity for the substrates, and, surprisingly, only a modestly decreased imatinib affinity. Only under cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations, these changes cumulate in an order of magnitude increase in imatinib's half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). These results highlight the importance of characterizing energy landscapes of targets and its changes by drug binding and by resistance mutations developed by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hoemberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Warintra Pitsawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Dorothee Kern
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454;
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
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206
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Ivanova E, Ward A, Wiegmans AP, Richard DJ. Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer: From Genome Instability to Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:134. [PMID: 32766277 PMCID: PMC7378584 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of clinical resistance in repeatedly treated cancers extends from the primary tumor's capability to exploit genome instability to adapt, escape, and progress. Triple negative breast cancer serves as a good example of such a response demonstrating poor clinical outcome due to a high rate of cellular heterogeneity resulting in metastatic relapse. The capability to effectively track the emergence of therapeutic resistance in real-time and adapt the clinical response is the holy grail for precision medicine and has yet to be realized. In this review we present liquid biopsy using CTCs and ctDNA as a potential replacement and/or addition to the current diagnostic tests to deliver personalized therapies to patients with advanced breast cancer. We outline current uses of liquid biopsy in the metastatic breast cancer setting and discuss their limitations. In addition, we provide a detailed overview of common genome instability events in patients with metastatic breast cancer and how these can be tracked using liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Ivanova
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolongabba, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Tumour and Immune Biology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ambber Ward
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian P Wiegmans
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek John Richard
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolongabba, QLD, Australia
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207
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McCrary MW, Bousalis D, Mobini S, Song YH, Schmidt CE. Decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro modeling of healthy and diseased tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:1-19. [PMID: 32464269 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of developing novel treatments to improve human health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical animal models, although the current best approximation of complex disease conditions, are limited by reproducibility, ethical concerns, and poor accurate prediction of human response. Hence, there is a need to develop physiologically relevant, low cost, scalable, and reproducible in vitro platforms to provide reliable means for testing drugs, biomaterials, and tissue engineered products for successful clinical translation. One emerging approach of developing physiologically relevant in vitro models utilizes decellularized tissues/organs as biomaterial platforms for 2D and 3D models of healthy and diseased tissue. Decellularization is a process that removes cellular content and produces tissue-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds that can more accurately recapitulate an organ/tissue's native microenvironment compared to other natural or synthetic materials. Decellularized tissues hold enormous potential for in vitro modeling of various disease phenotypes and tissue responses to drugs or external conditions such as aging, toxin exposure, or even implantation. In this review, we highlight the need for in vitro models, the advantages and limitations of implementing decellularized tissues, and considerations of the decellularization process. We discuss current research efforts towards applying decellularized tissues as platforms to generate in vitro models of healthy and diseased tissues, and where we foresee the field progressing. A variety of organs/tissues are discussed, including brain, heart, kidney, large intestine, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, and tongue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many biomedical products fail to reach clinical translation due to animal model limitations. Development of physiologically relevant in vitro models can provide a more economic, scalable, and reproducible means of testing drugs/therapeutics for successful clinical translation. The use of decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro models holds promise, as these scaffolds can effectively replicate native tissue complexity, but is not widely explored. This review discusses the need for in vitro models, the promise of decellularized tissues as biomaterial substrates, and the current research applying decellularized tissues towards the creation of in vitro models. Further, this review provides insights into the current limitations and future of such in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Instituto de Micro y Nanotechnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Calle Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Madrid, Tres Cantos, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 134 White Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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208
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Yeh BW, Yu LE, Li CC, Yang JC, Li WM, Wu YC, Wei YC, Lee HT, Kung ML, Wu WJ. The protoapigenone analog WYC0209 targets CD133+ cells: A potential adjuvant agent against cancer stem cells in urothelial cancer therapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115129. [PMID: 32673656 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the highest incidence cancers that rank the fourth commonly diagnosed tumors worldwide. The unresectable lesions that are resistant to therapeutic interventions is the major cause leading to death. Previous studies had shown that the resistance and metastatic consequence may arise from cancer stem-like cells population. The phytochemical flavonoids have promised bioactivity and potent anti-carcinogenic effects, and trap great attentions for cancer chemoprevention and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms of flavonoids on cancer stemness is still obscured. In this study, we analyzed the biofunctional effects of as-prepared flavonoid derivative-WYC0209 on T24, BFTC905 and BFTC909 human UC cell lines. Our results demonstrated that WYC0209 significantly induced anti-cell viability on UC cells through decreased Akt/NFkB signaling. Moreover, WYC0209 enhanced the cell apoptosis through activated the caspase-3 activity and inactivated Bcl-xL expression. Interestingly, WYC0209 dramatically inhibited the cancer stem cells (CSCs) traits, including attenuation of side population and tumorsphere formation in which were through declined EMT-CSCs markers including MDR1, ABCG2 and BMI-1. We further validated the effects of WYC0209 on several CSC surface markers including CD133, CD44, SOX-2 and Nanog. Our results showed that WYC0209 markedly inhibited CD133 expressions in both transcriptional and translational levels. High expression levels of CD133 was also demonstrated in human upper tract UC specimens. In summary, our study showed that WYC0209 may potentially as an adjuvant agent to against CD133-driven UC CSCs and provide a beneficial strategy to against UC cancer therapeutics resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-En Yu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Graduate institute of natural products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate institute of natural products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wei
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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209
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Ghandadi M, Valadan R, Mohammadi H, Akhtari J, Khodashenas S, Ashari S. Wnt-β-catenin Signaling Pathway, the Achilles' Heels of Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4192-4207. [PMID: 31721699 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191112142943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the anticancer chemotherapies are hampered via the development of multidrug resistance (MDR), which is the resistance of tumor cells against cytotoxic effects of multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Overexpression and/or over-activation of ATP-dependent drug efflux transporters is a key mechanism underlying MDR development. Moreover, enhancement of drug metabolism, changes in drug targets and aberrant activation of the main signaling pathways, including Wnt, Akt and NF-κB are also responsible for MDR. METHODS In this study, we have reviewed the roles of Wnt signaling in MDR as well as its potential therapeutic significance. Pubmed and Scopus have been searched using Wnt, β-catenin, cancer, MDR and multidrug resistance as keywords. The last search was done in March 2019. Manuscripts investigating the roles of Wnt signaling in MDR or studying the modulation of MDR through the inhibition of Wnt signaling have been involved in the study. The main focus of the manuscript is regulation of MDR related transporters by canonical Wnt signaling pathway. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Wnt signaling has been involved in several pathophysiological states, including carcinogenesis and embryonic development. Wnt signaling is linked to various aspects of MDR including P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1 regulation through its canonical pathways. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β- catenin signaling leads to the induction of cancer MDR mainly through the overexpression and/or over-activation of MDR related transporters. Accordingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling can be a potential target for modulating cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ghandadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Valadan
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (MCBRC), Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of toxicology and pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (MCBRC), Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shabanali Khodashenas
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of toxicology and pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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210
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Lucia F, Bourbonne V, Gujral D, Dissaux G, Miranda O, Mauguen M, Pradier O, Abgral R, Schick U. Impact of suboptimal dosimetric coverage of pretherapeutic 18F-FDG PET/CT hotspots on outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 23:50-59. [PMID: 32435702 PMCID: PMC7229342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Areas of high uptake on pre-treatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), denoted as "hotspots", have been identified as preferential sites of local relapse in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). The purpose of this study was to analyze the dosimetric coverage of these hotspots with high dose-rate brachytherapy (BT). METHODS For each patient, a rigid registration of the CT from the pre-treatment PET/CT with the radiotherapy planning CT was performed using 3D SlicerTM, followed by a manual volume correction by translation and deformation if necessary. The fuzzy locally adaptive Bayesian (FLAB) algorithm was applied to PET images to simultaneously define an overall tumour volume and the high-uptake sub-volume V1. The inclusion of V1 in the high-risk clinical target volume (CTV HR) and its dosimetric coverage were evaluated using 3D SlicerTM. The average of the 3-4 BT sessions was reported. RESULTS Forty-two patients with recurrence after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for LACC were matched to 42 patients without recurrence. Mean ± standard deviation follow-up was 26 ± 11 months. In the recurrence group, V1 was not included in the CTV HR and not covered by the 85 Gy isodose in 17/42 patients (41%) (1/20 with pelvic recurrence and 16/22 with distant recurrence) and not by the 80 Gy isodose in 7/42 patients (17%) (all with distant recurrence). In the non-recurrence group, V1 was not included in CTV HR and not covered by the 85 Gy isodose in 3 patients only (7%). The hotspots coverage by the 85 Gy isodose was significantly better in patients who did not recur, but only when compared to patients with distant relapse (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Suboptimal dosimetric coverage of high FDG uptakes on pretherapeutic PET could be associated with an increased risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lucia
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | | | - Dorothy Gujral
- Clinical Oncology Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith, London, UK
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gurvan Dissaux
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Omar Miranda
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Maelle Mauguen
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Olivier Pradier
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Ronan Abgral
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Ulrike Schick
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital, Brest, France
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211
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Ho KH, Chen PH, Chou CM, Shih CM, Lee YT, Cheng CH, Chen KC. A Key Role of DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4) Connects Autophagy and GLUT3-Mediated Stemness To Desensitize Temozolomide Efficacy in Glioblastomas. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1212-1227. [PMID: 31916238 PMCID: PMC7609792 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) is known to participate in various cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, contradictory roles of DDIT4 exist in inducing cell death and possessing anti-apoptotic functions against cancer progression. Herein, we investigated DDIT4 signaling in GBM and temozolomide (TMZ) drug resistance. We identified that TMZ induced DDIT4 upregulation, leading to desensitization against TMZ cytotoxicity in GBM cells. Higher DDIT4 levels were found in glioma cells and mesenchymal-type GBM patients, and these higher levels were positively correlated with mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, patients with lower DDIT4 levels, especially O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-methylated patients, exhibited better TMZ therapeutic efficacy. We determined that higher levels of 5 DDIT4-associated downstream genes, including SLC2A3 (also known as glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3)), can be used to predict a poor prognosis. Among these 5 genes, only GLUT3 was upregulated in both TMZ-treated and DDIT4-overexpressing cells. DDIT4-mediated GLUT3 expression was also identified, and its expression decreased TMZ's cytotoxicity. A significant correlation existed between DDIT4 and GLUT3. DDIT4 signaling was found to be involved in both glycolytic and autophagic pathways. However, GLUT3 only participated in the exhibition of DDIT4-mediated stemness, resulting from glycolytic regulation, but not in DDIT4-mediated autophagic signaling. Finally, we identified TMZ-upregulated activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) as an upstream regulator of DDIT4-mediated GLUT3/stemness signaling and autophagy. Consequently, ATF4/DDIT4 signaling was connected to both autophagy and GLUT3-regulated stemness, which are involved in TMZ drug resistance and the poor prognoses of GBM patients. Targeting DDIT4/GLUT3 signaling might be a new direction for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hsu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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212
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Yao J, Xue X, Qu D, Westphalen CB, Ge Y, Zhang L, Li M, Gao T, Chandrakesan P, Vega KJ, Peng J, An G, Weygant N. Reverse engineering a predictive signature characterized by proliferation, DNA damage, and immune escape from stage I lung adenocarcinoma recurrence. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:638-653. [PMID: 32395755 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying early-stage cancer patients at risk for progression is a major goal of biomarker research. This report describes a novel 19-gene signature (19-GCS) that predicts stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) recurrence and response to therapy and performs comparably in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC), which shares LAC molecular traits. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and cross-validation analyses were used to build the signature from training, test, and validation sets comprising 831 stage I LAC transcriptomes from multiple independent data sets. A statistical analysis was performed using the R language. Pathway and gene set enrichment were used to identify underlying mechanisms. 19-GCS strongly predicts overall survival and recurrence-free survival in stage I LAC (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively) and in stage I-II PAC (P<0.0001 and P<0.0005, respectively). A multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated the independence of 19-GCS from significant clinical factors. Pathway analyses revealed that 19-GCS high-risk LAC and PAC tumors are characterized by increased proliferation, enhanced stemness, DNA repair deficiency, and compromised MHC class I and II antigen presentation along with decreased immune infiltration. Importantly, high-risk LAC patients do not appear to benefit from adjuvant cisplatin while PAC patients derive additional benefit from FOLFIRINOX compared with gemcitabine-based regimens. When validated prospectively, this proof-of-concept biomarker may contribute to tailoring treatment, recurrence reduction, and survival improvements in early-stage lung and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73103, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, OK, USA
| | - C Benedikt Westphalen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich & Department of Medicine III, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Manyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Parthasarathy Chandrakesan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73103, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, OK, USA
| | - Kenneth J Vega
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, GA, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine in Geriatrics, Fuzhou 350122, China
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213
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Chai TF, Manu KA, Casey PJ, Wang M. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase is required for the impact of mutant KRAS on TAZ protein level and cancer cell self-renewal. Oncogene 2020; 39:5373-5389. [PMID: 32561852 PMCID: PMC7391290 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells possess the capacity for self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy. It is therefore crucial to understand the molecular regulators of stemness in the quest to develop effective cancer therapies. TAZ is a transcription activator that promotes stem cell functions in post-development mammalian cells; suppression of TAZ activity reduces or eliminates cancer stemness in select cancers. Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) is the unique enzyme of the last step of posttranslational prenylation processing pathway that modifies several oncogenic proteins, including RAS. We found that suppression of ICMT results in reduced self-renewal/stemness in KRAS-driven pancreatic and breast cancer cells. Silencing of ICMT led to significant reduction of TAZ protein levels and loss of self-renewal ability, which could be reversed by overexpressing mutant KRAS, demonstrating the functional impact of ICMT modification on the ability of KRAS to control TAZ stability and function. Contrary to expectation, YAP protein levels appear to be much less susceptible than TAZ to the regulation by ICMT and KRAS, and YAP is less consequential in regulating stemness characteristics in these cells. Further, we found that the ICMT-dependent KRAS regulation of TAZ was mediated through RAF, but not PI3K, signaling. Functionally, we demonstrate that a signaling cascade from ICMT modification of KRAS to TAZ protein stability supports cancer cell self-renewal abilities in both in vitro and in vivo settings. In addition, studies using the proof-of-concept small molecule inhibitors of ICMT confirmed its role in regulating TAZ and self-renewal, demonstrating the potential utility of targeting ICMT to control aggressive KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Fan Chai
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Kanjoormana Aryan Manu
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Patrick J Casey
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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214
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Borgato GB, Borges GA, Souza AP, Squarize CH, Castilho RM. Loss of PTEN sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:181-190. [PMID: 32546428 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer associated with poor survival. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene involved in the maintenance of stem cells. DNA methylation is a known epigenetic modification involved in tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of the DNA demethylation agent 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) over HNSCC and its population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) presenting dysfunctional PTEN. STUDY DESIGN The effects of 5-AZA on HNSCC were evaluated by using WSU-HN13 cells. CSC was assessed by sphere-forming assays, along with the endogenous levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase. The clonogenic potential of tumors was evaluated, along with the protein expression of mTOR signaling and the identification of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We observed that loss of PTEN enhances tumor biologic behavior, including colony- and tumor sphere-forming abilities. We also found that 5-AZA has an inhibitory effect over the CSCs and molecular markers associated with the NF-κB and EMT pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the stratification of treatment of HNSCC based on PTEN status may identify a subset of patients who can benefit from the coadministration of 5-AZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriell Bonifacio Borgato
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Alvares Borges
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Souza
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Helena Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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215
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Cui G, He P, Yu L, Wen C, Xie X, Yao G. Oxygen self-enriched nanoplatform combined with US imaging and chemo/photothermal therapy for breast cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102238. [PMID: 32565228 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-saturated perfluorohexane-cored, cisplatin (Pt)-decorated hollow gold nanospheres (Pt-HAuNS-PFH@O2) have been synthesized for ultrasound (US) imaging-guided tumor treatment depending on chemo/photothermal therapy, relief of hypoxia, and photothermal induced US contrast signal. Both NIR laser-induced hyperthermia generation by gold nanospheres and acidity triggered release of Pt resulted in high toxicity after internalization by breast cancer cells. According to ex vivo immunofluorescence investigation and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies on MDA-MB-231 tumor bearing mice, the susceptibility of tumors to Pt-HAuNS-PFH@O2 was improved by the relief of hypoxia. In addition, US imaging under different conditions verified the amplified US contrast property of Pt-HAuNS-PFH@O2 by the heat-dependent liquid-gas conversion of PFH. Overall, Pt-HAuNS-PFH@O2 can be promisingly used as an oxygen self-enriched nanoplatform for US imaging-guided chemo/photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangman Cui
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Churan Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbiao Xie
- Department of Bone Tumor, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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216
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Yuan H, Guo H, Luan X, He M, Li F, Burnett J, Truchan N, Sun D. Albumin Nanoparticle of Paclitaxel (Abraxane) Decreases while Taxol Increases Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2275-2286. [PMID: 32485107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high rate of metastasis, which is associated with breast cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Although Taxol (micelle formulation of paclitaxel) is the first line chemotherapy to treat TNBC, it increases CSCs in residual tumors. Abraxane, albumin nanoparticle of paclitaxel, showed lower plasma concentration compared to Taxol in both human and animal models, but it is not clear why Abraxane showed superior efficacy to Taxol in treatment of metastatic breast cancer in humans. In this study, we intend to investigate if Abraxane eliminates CSCs for its better efficacy. The results showed that Abraxane showed similar cytotoxicity in SUM149 cells in comparison with Taxol. Although Abraxane showed 3- to 5-fold lower blood drug concentration compared to Taxol, it achieved similar tumor drug concentration and 10-fold higher tumor/plasma ratio in SUM149 xenograft NOD/SCID mouse model. In addition, Abraxane and Taxol showed similar efficacy to shrink the tumor size in orthotopic breast cancer NOD/SCID mouse model. However, Abraxane decreased breast CSCs frequency by 3- to 9-fold, while Taxol increased breast CSCs frequency in an orthotopic breast cancer NOD/SCID mouse model. Furthermore, Abraxane increased 3- to 15-fold intracellular uptake in both ALDH+ CSCs and differentiated ALDH- cells in comparison with Taxol, which provides a mechanism for Abraxane's superior efficacy to eliminate CSCs in comparison with Taxol. Our data suggest albumin nanoparticle Abraxane may have a broad implication to enhance drug's efficacy by eliminating breast cancer stem cells for treatment of metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xin Luan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph Burnett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nathan Truchan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Building 520, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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217
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Zhou C, Fan N, Liu F, Fang N, Plum PS, Thieme R, Gockel I, Gromnitza S, Hillmer AM, Chon SH, Schlösser HA, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Linking Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity to Therapeutic Resistance-Mechanism and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Esophageal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061481. [PMID: 32560537 PMCID: PMC7349233 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive form of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC) as two predominant histological subtypes. Accumulating evidence supports the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to initiate and maintain EAC or ESCC. In this review, we aim to collect the current evidence on CSCs in esophageal cancer, including the biomarkers/characterization strategies of CSCs, heterogeneity of CSCs, and the key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, YAP, JAK/STAT3) in modulating CSCs during esophageal cancer progression. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of therapy resistance in EC highlights DNA damage response (DDR), metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the role of the crosstalk of CSCs and their niche in the tumor progression. According to these molecular findings, potential therapeutic implications of targeting esophageal CSCs may provide novel strategies for the clinical management of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Ningbo Fan
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Fanyu Liu
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nan Fang
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Yaogu Avenue 11, Nanjing 210000, China;
| | - Patrick S. Plum
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - René Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 4107 Leipzig, Germany; (R.T.); (I.G.)
| | - Sascha Gromnitza
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Axel M. Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.G.); (A.M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Seung-Hun Chon
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Hans A. Schlösser
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.Z.); (N.F.); (F.L.); (P.S.P.); (S.-H.C.); (H.A.S.); (C.J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-4783-0601; Fax: +49-221-4783-0664
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218
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Ko H, Huh G, Jung SH, Kwon H, Jeon Y, Park YN, Kim YJ. Diospyros kaki leaves inhibit HGF/Met signaling-mediated EMT and stemness features in hepatocellular carcinoma. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111475. [PMID: 32522589 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) trees are widely cultivated for their edible fruits in Asia. D. kaki leaves are abundant in phytochemicals that have numerous medicinal properties. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met lead to poor prognosis via the promotion of metastasis and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, inhibitors targeting the HGF/Met pathway are regarded as promising drugs against HCC. Here, we investigated the effects of D. kaki leaves on HGF-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness traits in HCC. The ethanol extract of D. kaki leaves (EEDK) markedly suppressed HGF-mediated cell migration and invasion through upregulation of CDH1 and downregulation of SNAI1, VIM, MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9. Moreover, EEDK increased the cytotoxicity of sorafenib, which was reduced by HGF, and decreased the expression of the stemness markers KRT19 and CD44. Additionally, we found a clear correlation between stemness and EMT markers in HCC patients. Importantly, EEDK reduced Met activity and attenuated HGF-mediated activation of JNK/c-Jun. Our findings provide new evidence that EEDK can ameliorate HCC with poor prognosis and aggressive phenotype by blocking HGF/Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyuwon Huh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyukjoon Kwon
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Youngsic Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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219
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Pentadecanoic Acid, an Odd-Chain Fatty Acid, Suppresses the Stemness of MCF-7/SC Human Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells through JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061663. [PMID: 32503225 PMCID: PMC7352840 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids possess few health benefits compared to unsaturated fatty acids. However, increasing experimental evidence demonstrates the nutritionally beneficial role of odd-chain saturated fatty acids in human health. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of pentadecanoic acid were evaluated in human breast carcinoma MCF-7/stem-like cells (SC), a cell line with greater mobility, invasiveness, and cancer stem cell properties compared to the parental MCF-7 cells. Pentadecanoic acid exerted selective cytotoxic effects in MCF-7/SC compared to in the parental cells. Moreover, pentadecanoic acid reduced the stemness of MCF-7/SC and suppressed the migratory and invasive ability of MCF-7/SC as evidenced by the results of flow cytometry, a mammosphere formation assay, an aldehyde dehydrogenase activity assay, and Western blot experiments conducted to analyze the expression of cancer stem cell markers—CD44, β-catenin, MDR1, and MRP1—and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers—snail, slug, MMP9, and MMP2. In addition, pentadecanoic acid suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced JAK2/STAT3 signaling, induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase, and promoted caspase-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7/SC. These findings indicate that pentadecanoic acid can serve as a novel JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor in breast cancer cells and suggest the beneficial effects of pentadecanoic acid-rich food intake during breast cancer treatments.
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220
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Safa AR. Resistance to drugs and cell death in cancer stem cells (CSCs). JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:341. [PMID: 35330670 PMCID: PMC8941648 DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to cancer chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and cell death. Moreover, autophagy provides the cytoprotective effect which contributes to drug resistance in these cells. Furthermore, much evidence shows that CSCs cause tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. Various signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), NOTCH1, and Wnt/β-catenin as well as the CSC markers maintain CSC properties. Several mechanisms including overexpression of ABC multidrug resistance transporters, a deficiency in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, upregulation of c-FLIP, overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and PI3K/AKT signaling contribute to enhancing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and cell death induction in CSCs in various cancers. Studying such pathways may help provide detailed understanding of CSC mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and apoptosis and may lead to the development of effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Correspondence to: Ahmad R. Safa, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 635 Barnhill, Dr. MS A416, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,
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221
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Alves C, Serrano E, Silva J, Rodrigues C, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Botana LM, Alpoim MC, Pedrosa R. Sphaerococcus coronopifolius bromoterpenes as potential cancer stem cell-targeting agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110275. [PMID: 32480221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major threats to human health and, due to distinct factors, it is expected that its incidence will increase in the next decades leading to an urgent need of new anticancer drugs development. Ongoing experimental and clinical observations propose that cancer cells with stem-like properties (CSCs) are involved on the development of lung cancer chemoresistance. As tumour growth and metastasis can be controlled by tumour-associated stromal cells, the main goal of this study was to access the antitumor potential of five bromoterpenes isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius red alga to target CSCs originated in a co-culture system of fibroblast and lung malignant cells. Cytotoxicity of compounds (10-500 μM; 72 h) was evaluated on monocultures of several malignant and non-malignant cells lines (HBF, BEAS-2B, RenG2, SC-DRenG2) and the effects estimated by MTT assay. Co-cultures of non-malignant human bronchial fibroblasts (HBF) and malignant human bronchial epithelial cells (RenG2) were implemented and the compounds ability to selectively kill CSCs was evaluated by sphere forming assay. The interleucine-6 (IL-6) levels were also determined as cytokine is crucial for CSCs. Regarding the monocultures results bromosphaerol selectively eliminated the malignant cells. Both 12S-hydroxy-bromosphaerol and 12R-hydroxy-bromosphaerol steroisomers were cytotoxic towards non-malignant bronchial BEAS-2B cell line, IC50 of 4.29 and 4.30 μM respectively. However, none of the steroisomers induced damage in the HBFs. As to the co-cultures, 12R-hydroxy-bromosphaerol revealed the highest cytotoxicity and ability to abrogate the malignant stem cells; however its effects were IL-6 independent. The results presented here are the first evidence of the potential of these bromoterpenes to abrogate CSCs opening new research opportunities. The 12R-hydroxy-bromosphaerol revealed to be the most promising compound to be test in more complex living models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Eurico Serrano
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Carlos Rodrigues
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Aveiro, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Science, BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Maria C Alpoim
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal.
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222
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Chen YC, Zhang Z, Yoon E. Early Prediction of Single-Cell Derived Sphere Formation Rate Using Convolutional Neural Network Image Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7717-7724. [PMID: 32427465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional identification of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is an established method to identify and study this cancer subpopulation critical for cancer progression and metastasis. The method is based on the unique capability of single CSCs to survive and grow to tumorspheres in harsh suspension culture environment. Recent advances in microfluidic technology have enabled isolating and culturing thousands of single cells on a chip. However, tumorsphere assay takes a relatively long period of time, limiting the throughput of this assay. In this work, we incorporated machine learning with single-cell analysis to expedite tumorsphere assay. We collected 1,710 single-cell events as the database and trained a convolutional neural network model that predicts whether a single cell could grow to a tumorsphere on Day 14 based on its Day 4 image. With this future-telling model, we precisely estimated the sphere formation rate of SUM159 breast cancer cells to be 17.8% based on Day 4 images. The estimation was close to the ground truth of 17.6% on Day 14. The preliminary work demonstrates not only the feasibility to significantly accelerate tumorsphere assay but also a synergistic combination between single-cell analysis with machine learning, which can be applied to many other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, United States.,Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, United States
| | - Euisik Yoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, United States.,Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (Nano BME), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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223
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Sinha S, Sharma S, Vora J, Shrivastava N. Emerging role of sirtuins in breast cancer metastasis and multidrug resistance: Implication for novel therapeutic strategies targeting sirtuins. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104880. [PMID: 32442721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs), a class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that require NAD+ as a cofactor and include SIRT1-7 proteins in mammals. Accumulative evidence has established that every sirtuin possesses exclusive and poised biology, implicating their role in the regulation of multifaceted biological functions leading to breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. This article provides an outline of recent developments in the role of sirtuins in breast cancer metastasis and development of multidrug resistance (MDR). In addition, we have also highlighted the impending prospects of targeting SIRTs to overcome MDR to bring advancement in breast cancer management. Further, this review will focus on strategies for improving the activity and efficacy of existing cancer therapeutics by combining (adjuvant treatment/therapy) them with sirtuin inhibitors/modulators. All available as well as newly discovered synthetic and dietary sirtuin inhibitors, activators/modulators have been extensively reviewed and compiled to provide a rationale for targeting sirtuins. Further, we discuss their potential in developing future therapeutics against sirtuins proposing their use along with conventional chemotherapeutics to overcome the problem of breast cancer metastasis and MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Sinha
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India; School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaykant Vora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India; School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India.
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224
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Gao Y, Tang M, Leung E, Svirskis D, Shelling A, Wu Z. Dual or multiple drug loaded nanoparticles to target breast cancer stem cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19089-19105. [PMID: 35518295 PMCID: PMC9054075 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem(-like) cells (BCSCs) have been found to be responsible for therapeutic resistance and disease relapse. BCSCs are difficult to eradicate due to their high resistance to conventional treatments and high plasticity. Functionalised nanoparticles have been investigated as smart vehicles to transport across various barriers and increase the interaction of therapeutic agents with cancer cells, as well as BCSCs. In this review, we discuss the different characteristics of BCSCs, and challenges to tackle BCSCs at cellular and molecular levels. The mechanisms of action and physicochemical properties of the current BCSC targeting agents are also covered. We will focus on the rational design and recent advances of "Nano + Nano" or single tumour targeting nanoparticle systems loaded with dual or multiple agents to kill all cancer cells including BCSCs. These cocktail therapies include the combination of a chemotherapy agent with a BCSC-specific inhibitor, a phytochemical agent or RNA based therapy. Given the heterogeneity of breast tumour tissue, targeting both BCSCs and bulk breast cancer cells simultaneously with multiple agents holds great promise in eliminating breast cancer. The future research needs to focus on overcoming various barriers in the 'clinical translation' of BCSC-targeting nanomedicines to cure breast cancer, which requires a significant multidisciplinary effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand +64-9-9231709
| | - Mingtan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand +64-9-9231709
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand +64-9-9231709
| | - Andrew Shelling
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand +64-9-9231709
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225
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Aminuddin A, Ng PY, Leong CO, Chua EW. Mitochondrial DNA alterations may influence the cisplatin responsiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7885. [PMID: 32398775 PMCID: PMC7217862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the intrinsic or acquired resistance against cisplatin remains a major obstacle to treatment efficacy in OSCC. Recently, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been reported in a variety of cancers. However, the role of mtDNA alterations in OSCC has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between mtDNA alterations (mtDNA content, point mutations, large-scale deletions, and methylation status) and cisplatin sensitivity using two OSCC cell lines, namely SAS and H103, and stem cell-like tumour spheres derived from SAS. By microarray analysis, we found that the tumour spheres profited from aberrant lipid and glucose metabolism and became resistant to cisplatin. By qPCR analysis, we found that the cells with less mtDNA were less responsive to cisplatin (H103 and the tumour spheres). Based on the findings, we theorised that the metabolic changes in the tumour spheres probably resulted in mtDNA depletion, as the cells suppressed mitochondrial respiration and switched to an alternative mode of energy production, i.e. glycolysis. Then, to ascertain the origin of the variation in mtDNA content, we used MinION, a nanopore sequencer, to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of H103, SAS, and the tumour spheres. We found that the lower cisplatin sensitivity of H103 could have been caused by a constellation of genetic and epigenetic changes in its mitochondrial genome. Future work may look into how changes in mtDNA translate into an impact on cell function and therefore cisplatin response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- DNA, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnani Aminuddin
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Wee Chua
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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226
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Shang ZY, Sun H, Xiang HF, Zhang J, Yu M, Zhao HS, Zhao CT, Long YZ. Three-dimensional porous composite scaffolds for in vitro marrow microenvironment simulation to screen leukemia drug. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:035016. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab74e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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227
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Huang C, Yoon C, Zhou XH, Zhou YC, Zhou WW, Liu H, Yang X, Lu J, Lee SY, Huang K. ERK1/2-Nanog signaling pathway enhances CD44(+) cancer stem-like cell phenotypes and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32327629 PMCID: PMC7181750 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) harbor a subset of cells that are CD44(+) and present with malignancy and radiotherapy resistance. As a key regulator of self-renewal, Nanog expression not only determines cell fate in pluripotent cells but also mediates tumorigenesis in cancer cells; thus, we examined the role of Nanog in CD44(+) HNSCC. Three HNSCC cell lines, tumor xenografts, and patient tumors were examined. Nanog levels were significantly higher in CD44(+) HNSCC spheroids than in CD44(-) spheroids, and further increased when grown as spheroids to enrich for CSCs. CD44(+) spheroids showed a 3.4-7.5-fold increase in migration and invasion compared with CD44(-) spheroids and were resistant to radiation therapy, which was reversed by inhibiting Nanog. Nanog knockdown also decreased spheroid formation by 66.5-68.8%. Moreover, a phosphokinase array identified upregulated ERK1/2 signaling in CD44(+) HNSCC cells compared with that in CD44(-) cells. ERK1/2 signaling was found to regulate Nanog expression, aiding tumor progression, metastasis, and radiotherapy resistance. In xenograft models, the combination of radiation and Nanog or ERK1/2 inhibition inhibited tumor growth by 75.6% and 79.1%, respectively. In lung metastasis models, CD44(+) cells injected into the tail vein of mice led to significantly more lung metastases and higher Nanog expression level compared with that by ERK1/2-knockdown CD44(+) cells. Finally, in tumor tissues, CD44 and Nanog expression levels were correlated with tumorigenesis in HNSCC patients. Thus, targeting Nanog and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway may prevent or reverse CSC phenotypes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition that drive tumor progression, metastasis, and radiotherapy resistance in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhwan Yoon
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Province, Chongqing, China
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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228
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Keyvani-Ghamsari S, Khorsandi K, Gul A. Curcumin effect on cancer cells' multidrug resistance: An update. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2534-2556. [PMID: 32307747 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the main methods for cancer treatment. However, despite many advances in the design of anticancer drugs, their efficiency is limited due to their high toxicity and resistance of cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In order to improve the cancer therapy, it is essential to use the compounds that can overcome drug resistance and increase treatment efficiency. Researchers have studied the effects of natural compounds for the controlling various drug resistance mechanisms. Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound which shows potent anticancer activities in different tumors, alone or as an adjuvant with other antitumor drugs to prevent or inhibit the survival and cancer progression by various mechanisms. The role of curcumin in overcoming drug resistance was followed by reviewing different applications of curcumin in cancer therapy. Afterward, the clinical impacts of curcumin, role of curcumin in decreasing drug resistance in different cancer cells and its mechanisms were discussed. It has been demonstrated that curcumin regulates signaling pathways in cancer cells, reduces the expression of proteins related to drug resistance, and increases the performance of antitumor drugs at various levels. Curcumin reverses multidrug resistance mechanisms and increases sensitivity of resistance cells to chemotherapy. This review mainly focuses on different mechanisms of drug resistance and curcumin as a nontoxic natural substance to eliminate the effects of drug resistance through modulation and controlling cell resistance pathways and eventually suggests curcumin as a potent chemosensitizer in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Gul
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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229
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Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Tumor Initiation and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082774. [PMID: 32316322 PMCID: PMC7215285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer affecting society today. Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), through the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic changes they impose, have been found to be dysregulated to affect lung cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review will briefly summarize hallmarks involved in lung cancer initiation and progression. For initiation, these hallmarks include tumor initiating cells, immortalization, activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. Hallmarks involved in lung cancer progression include metastasis and drug tolerance and resistance. The targeting of these hallmarks with non-coding RNAs can affect vital metabolic and cell signaling pathways, which as a result can potentially have a role in cancerous and pathological processes. By further understanding non-coding RNAs, researchers can work towards diagnoses and treatments to improve early detection and clinical response.
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230
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Targeted PARP Inhibition Combined with FGFR1 Blockade is Synthetically Lethal to Malignant Cells in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040911. [PMID: 32276472 PMCID: PMC7226837 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and therapeutic promise of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in anticancer chemotherapy are increasingly being explored, particularly in adjuvant or maintenance therapy, considering their low efficacy as monotherapy agents and their potentiating effects on concurrently administered contemporary chemotherapeutics. Against the background of increasing acquired resistance to FGFR1 inhibitors and our previous work, which partially demonstrated the caspase-3/PARP-mediated antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of PD173074, a selective FGFR1 inhibitor, against ALDH-high/FGFR1-rich pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, we investigated the probable synthetic lethality and therapeutic efficacy of targeted PARP inhibition combined with FGFR1 blockade in patients with PDAC. Using bioinformatics-based analyses of gene expression profiles, co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity, molecular docking, immunofluorescence staining, clonogenicity, Western blotting, cell viability or cytotoxicity screening, and tumorsphere formation assays, we demonstrated that FGFR1 and PARP co-occur, form a complex, and reduce survival in patients with PDAC. Furthermore, FGFR1 and PARP expression was upregulated in FGFR1 inhibitor (dasatinib)-resistant PDAC cell lines SU8686, MiaPaCa2, and PANC-1 compared with that in sensitive cell lines Panc0403, Panc0504, Panc1005, and SUIT-2. Compared with the limited effect of single-agent olaparib (PARP inhibitor) or PD173074 on PANC-1 and SUIT-2 cells, low-dose combination (olaparib + PD173074) treatment significantly, dose-dependently, and synergistically reduced cell viability, upregulated cleaved PARP, pro-caspase (CASP)-9, cleaved-CASP9, and cleaved-CASP3 protein expression, and downregulated Bcl-xL protein expression. Furthermore, combination treatment markedly suppressed the clonogenicity and tumorsphere formation efficiency of PDAC cells regardless of FGFR1 inhibitor-resistance status and enhanced RAD51 and γ-H2AX immunoreactivity. In vivo studies have shown that both early and late initiation of combination therapy markedly suppressed tumor xenograft growth and increase in weight, although the effect was more pronounced in the early initiation group. In conclusion, FGFR1 inhibitor-resistant PDAC cells exhibited sensitivity to PD173074 after olaparib-mediated loss of PARP signaling. The present FGFR1/PARP-mediated synthetic lethality proof-of-concept study provided preclinical evidence of the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial FGFR1/PARP1 inhibition in human PDAC cell lines.
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Muley H, Fadó R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Casals N. Drug uptake-based chemoresistance in breast cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113959. [PMID: 32272110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of tumor and the second leading cause of death due to cancer among women. Although screening methods, diagnosis and therapeutic options have improved in the last decade, chemoresistance remains an important challenge. There is evidence relating breast cancer resistance with signaling pathways involving hormone and growth receptors, survival, apoptosis and the activation of efflux pumps. However, the resistance mechanisms linked to drug uptake are poorly understood, despite it often being observed that the drug content is lower in resistant cancer cells and that the entry of the drug into these cells is a limiting process for the subsequent therapeutic effect.In this review, we provide an overview of drug uptake-based resistance mechanisms developed by cancer cells in the four main types of chemotherapy used in breast cancer: anthracyclines, taxanes, oxazaphosphorines and platinum-based drugs. The contribution of tumor microenvironment to reduced drug-uptake and multidrug resistance is also analyzed. As a developing field, nanomedicine-based approaches provide promising opportunities to improve drug specific targeting, cell interaction and uptake into cancer cells. The endocytic-mediated pathways attributed to the different types of nanoformulations as well as the contribution of nanotherapeutics to overcoming chemoresistance affecting drug uptake in breast cancer will be described. New approaches focusing on drug uptake mechanisms could improve breast cancer chemotherapy, obtaining better dose-response outcomes and reducing toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Muley
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rut Fadó
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, E-08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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232
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Molecular Chaperones in Cancer Stem Cells: Determinants of Stemness and Potential Targets for Antitumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040892. [PMID: 32268506 PMCID: PMC7226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a great challenge in the fight against cancer because these self-renewing tumorigenic cell fractions are thought to be responsible for metastasis dissemination and cases of tumor recurrence. In comparison with non-stem cancer cells, CSCs are known to be more resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Elucidation of mechanisms and factors that promote the emergence and existence of CSCs and their high resistance to cytotoxic treatments would help to develop effective CSC-targeting therapeutics. The present review is dedicated to the implication of molecular chaperones (protein regulators of polypeptide chain folding) in both the formation/maintenance of the CSC phenotype and cytoprotective machinery allowing CSCs to survive after drug or radiation exposure and evade immune attack. The major cellular chaperones, namely heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP40, HSP27), glucose-regulated proteins (GRP94, GRP78, GRP75), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, protein disulfide isomerases, calreticulin, and also a transcription heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) initiating HSP gene expression are here considered as determinants of the cancer cell stemness and potential targets for a therapeutic attack on CSCs. Various approaches and agents are discussed that may be used for inhibiting the chaperone-dependent development/manifestations of cancer cell stemness.
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233
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Al-Sowayan BS, Al-Shareeda AT, Alrfaei BM. Cancer Stem Cell-Exosomes, Unexposed Player in Tumorigenicity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:384. [PMID: 32317966 PMCID: PMC7147348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Batla S. Al-Sowayan
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Cell Therapy & Cancer Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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234
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Lee H, Kim JW, Kim DK, Choi DK, Lee S, Yu JH, Kwon OB, Lee J, Lee DS, Kim JH, Min SH. Calcium Channels as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072327. [PMID: 32230901 PMCID: PMC7177693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is reportedly attributed to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC), because in most cancers, CSCs still remain after chemotherapy. To overcome this limitation, novel therapeutic strategies are required to prevent cancer recurrence and chemotherapy-resistant cancers by targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs). We screened an FDA-approved compound library and found four voltage-gated calcium channel blockers (manidipine, lacidipine, benidipine, and lomerizine) that target ovarian CSCs. Four calcium channel blockers (CCBs) decreased sphere formation, viability, and proliferation, and induced apoptosis in ovarian CSCs. CCBs destroyed stemness and inhibited the AKT and ERK signaling pathway in ovarian CSCs. Among calcium channel subunit genes, three L- and T-type calcium channel genes were overexpressed in ovarian CSCs, and downregulation of calcium channel genes reduced the stem-cell-like properties of ovarian CSCs. Expressions of these three genes are negatively correlated with the survival rate of patient groups. In combination therapy with cisplatin, synergistic effect was shown in inhibiting the viability and proliferation of ovarian CSCs. Moreover, combinatorial usage of manidipine and paclitaxel showed enhanced effect in ovarian CSCs xenograft mouse models. Our results suggested that four CCBs may be potential therapeutic drugs for preventing ovarian cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jun Woo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Seul Lee
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Ji Hoon Yu
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
| | - Jungsul Lee
- 3 billion Inc., Seocho-gu, Seoul 06621, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, DGMIF, 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.); (D.K.C.); (J.H.Y.); (O.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.-S.L.); (J.H.K.); (S.-H.M.)
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235
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Role of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in the Chemoresistance Modulation of Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9390878. [PMID: 32258160 PMCID: PMC7109575 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9390878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of CRC patients. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major hurdles in chemotherapy for CRC, and the underlying mechanisms need to be explored. Studies have demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in oncogenesis and tumor development, and its function in inhibiting apoptosis could facilitate tumor chemoresistance. Recent investigations have also suggested the regulatory effects of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in response to chemotherapeutic agents in CRC. Here, we particularly focus on reviewing the evidences suggesting the mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the chemoresistance modulation of colorectal cancer.
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236
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Terraneo N, Jacob F, Dubrovska A, Grünberg J. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:319. [PMID: 32257947 PMCID: PMC7090172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies. Due to the lack of specific symptoms and screening methods, this disease is usually diagnosed only at an advanced and metastatic stage. The gold-standard treatment for OC patients consists of debulking surgery followed by taxane combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. Most patients show complete clinical remission after first-line therapy, but the majority of them ultimately relapse, developing radio- and chemoresistant tumors. It is now proposed that the cause of recurrence and reduced therapy efficacy is the presence of small populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are usually resistant against conventional cancer therapies and for this reason, effective targeted therapies for the complete eradication of CSCs are urgently needed. In this review article, we highlight the mechanisms of CSC therapy resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and novel therapeutic strategies for ovarian CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassja Terraneo
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grünberg
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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237
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The Cancer Stem Cell in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030684. [PMID: 32183251 PMCID: PMC7140091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of intra-tumoral cellular heterogeneity has given way to the concept of the cancer stem cell (CSC). According to this concept, CSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into all of the cancer cell lineages present within the tumor, placing the CSC at the top of a hierarchical tree. The observation that these cells—in contrast to bulk tumor cells—are able to exclusively initiate new tumors, initiate metastatic spread and resist chemotherapy implies that CSCs are solely responsible for tumor recurrence and should be therapeutically targeted. Toward this end, dissecting and understanding the biology of CSCs should translate into new clinical therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review the CSC concept in cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinoma.
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238
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Ibiyeye KM, Zuki ABZ. Cockle Shell-Derived Aragonite CaCO 3 Nanoparticles for Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and Thymoquinone Eliminates Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051900. [PMID: 32164352 PMCID: PMC7084823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells CSCs (tumour-initiating cells) are responsible for cancer metastasis and recurrence associated with resistance to conventional chemotherapy. This study generated MBA MD231 3D cancer stem cells enriched spheroids in serum-free conditions and evaluated the influence of combined doxorubicin/thymoquinone-loaded cockle-shell-derived aragonite calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Single loaded drugs and free drugs were also evaluated. WST assay, sphere forming assay, ALDH activity analysis, Surface marker of CD44 and CD24 expression, apoptosis with Annexin V-PI kit, cell cycle analysis, morphological changes using a phase contrast light microscope, scanning electron microscopy, invasion assay and migration assay were carried out; The combination therapy showed enhanced apoptosis, reduction in ALDH activity and expression of CD44 and CD24 surface maker, reduction in cellular migration and invasion, inhibition of 3D sphere formation when compared to the free drugs and the single drug-loaded nanoparticle. Scanning electron microscopy showed poor spheroid formation, cell membrane blebbing, presence of cell shrinkage, distortion in the spheroid architecture; and the results from this study showed that combined drug-loaded cockle-shell-derived aragonite calcium carbonate nanoparticles can efficiently destroy the breast CSCs compared to single drug-loaded nanoparticle and a simple mixture of doxorubicin and thymoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Muibat Ibiyeye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abu Bakar Zakaria Zuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60196046659
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239
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Arnold CR, Mangesius J, Skvortsova II, Ganswindt U. The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Radiation Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:164. [PMID: 32154167 PMCID: PMC7044409 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a distinct subpopulation within a tumor. They are able to self-renew and differentiate and possess a high capability to repair DNA damage, exhibit low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proliferate slowly. These features render CSC resistant to various therapies, including radiation therapy (RT). Eradication of all CSC is a requirement for an effective antineoplastic treatment and is therefore of utmost importance for the patient. This makes CSC the prime targets for any therapeutic approach. Albeit clinical data is still scarce, experimental data and first clinical trials give hope that CSC-targeted treatment has the potential to improve antineoplastic therapies, especially for tumors that are known to be treatment resistant, such as glioblastoma. In this review, we will discuss CSC in the context of RT, describe known mechanisms of resistance, examine the possibilities of CSC as biomarkers, and discuss possible new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Reinhold Arnold
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Mangesius
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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240
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Pádua D, Barros R, Luísa Amaral A, Mesquita P, Filipa Freire A, Sousa M, Filipe Maia A, Caiado I, Fernandes H, Pombinho A, Filipe Pereira C, Almeida R. A SOX2 Reporter System Identifies Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells Sensitive to Monensin. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E495. [PMID: 32093282 PMCID: PMC7072720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a serious health burden with few therapeutic options. Therefore, the recognition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as seeds of the tumorigenic process makes them a prime therapeutic target. Knowing that the transcription factors SOX2 and OCT4 promote stemness, our approach was to isolate stem-like cells in human gastric cancer cell lines using a traceable reporter system based on SOX2/OCT4 activity (SORE6-GFP). Cells transduced with the SORE6-GFP reporter system were sorted into SORE6+ and SORE6- cell populations, and their biological behavior characterized. SORE6+ cells were enriched for SOX2 and exhibited CSC features, including a greater ability to proliferate and form gastrospheres in non-adherent conditions, a larger in vivo tumor initiating capability, and increased resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. The overexpression and knockdown of SOX2 revealed a crucial role of SOX2 in cell proliferation and drug resistance. By combining the reporter system with a high-throughput screening of pharmacologically active small molecules we identified monensin, an ionophore antibiotic, displaying selective toxicity to SORE6+ cells. The ability of SORE6-GFP reporter system to recognize cancer stem-like cells facilitates our understanding of gastric CSC biology and serves as a platform for the identification of powerful therapeutics for targeting gastric CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pádua
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Barros
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Amaral
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mesquita
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Freire
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Sousa
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IBMC—Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Filipe Maia
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IBMC—Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Caiado
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.C.); (H.F.); (C.F.P.)
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.C.); (H.F.); (C.F.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Pombinho
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IBMC—Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Filipe Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.C.); (H.F.); (C.F.P.)
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity laboratory, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Raquel Almeida
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (R.B.); (A.L.A.); (P.M.); (A.F.F.); (M.S.); (A.F.M.); (A.P.)
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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241
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Partridge B, Rossmeisl JH, Kaloss AM, Basso EKG, Theus MH. Novel ablation methods for treatment of gliomas. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 336:108630. [PMID: 32068011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are among the deadliest cancers that remain highly incurable. A need exists for new approaches to tumor therapy that can circumvent the blood brain barrier (BBB), target highly resistant tumors and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) as well create an anti-cancer immunomodulatory environment. Successful treatments may also require a combinatory approach utilizing surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and novel ablation strategies that can both eliminate the bulk tumor and prevent any potential residual CSCs from propagating in the resected tissue. A number of thermal and non-thermal ablation methods have been developed and tested, which have gained much enthusiasm for the treatment of brain tumors. Here we review the most common primary brain tumors and the candidate ablation methods for targeting the tumor and its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittanie Partridge
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alexandra M Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Erwin Kristobal Gudenschwager Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA 24061, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, VT College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA.
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242
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Yang L, Shi P, Zhao G, Xu J, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang G, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen F, Cui H. Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:8. [PMID: 32296030 PMCID: PMC7005297 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 886] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential and contribute to multiple tumor malignancies, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. The biological activities of CSCs are regulated by several pluripotent transcription factors, such as OCT4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF4, and MYC. In addition, many intracellular signaling pathways, such as Wnt, NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Notch, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin), TGF (transforming growth factor)/SMAD, and PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), as well as extracellular factors, such as vascular niches, hypoxia, tumor-associated macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, and exosomes, have been shown to be very important regulators of CSCs. Molecules, vaccines, antibodies, and CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) cells have been developed to specifically target CSCs, and some of these factors are already undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the characterization and identification of CSCs, depicts major factors and pathways that regulate CSC development, and discusses potential targeted therapy for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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243
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Xu F, Wang Y, Xiao K, Hu Y, Tian Z, Chen Y. Quantitative site- and structure-specific N-glycoproteomics characterization of differential N-glycosylation in MCF-7/ADR cancer stem cells. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:3. [PMID: 32042278 PMCID: PMC7001331 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-9268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are reported to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance where P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as well as other glycoproteins are involved. Identification of these glycoprotein markers is critical for understanding the resistance mechanism and developing therapeutics. Methods In this study, we report our comparative and quantitative site- and structure-specific N-glycoproteomics study of MCF-7/ADR cancer stem cells (CSCs) vs. MCF-7/ADR cells. With zic-HILIC enrichment, isotopic diethyl labeling, RPLC–MS/MS (HCD) analysis and GPSeeker DB search, differentially expressed N-glycosylation was quantitatively characterized at the intact N-glycopeptide level. Results 4016 intact N-glycopeptides were identified with spectrum-level FDR ≤ 1%. With the criteria of ≥ 1.5 fold change and p value < 0.05, 247 intact N-glycopeptides were found differentially expressed in MCF-7/ADR CSCs as putative markers. Raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013836. Conclusions Quantitative site- and structure-specific N-glycoproteomics characterization may help illustrate the cell stemness property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- 1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yue Wang
- 2School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Kaijie Xiao
- 2School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yechen Hu
- 1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Zhixin Tian
- 2School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yun Chen
- 1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
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244
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Misra R, Kandoi S, Varadaraj S, Vijayalakshmi S, Nanda A, Verma RS. Nanotheranostics: A tactic for cancer stem cells prognosis and management. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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245
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Coates ARM, Hu Y, Holt J, Yeh P. Antibiotic combination therapy against resistant bacterial infections: synergy, rejuvenation and resistance reduction. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:5-15. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1705155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. M. Coates
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - James Holt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pamela Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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246
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Costea T, Vlad OC, Miclea LC, Ganea C, Szöllősi J, Mocanu MM. Alleviation of Multidrug Resistance by Flavonoid and Non-Flavonoid Compounds in Breast, Lung, Colorectal and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E401. [PMID: 31936346 PMCID: PMC7013436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the manuscript is to discuss the influence of plant polyphenols in overcoming multidrug resistance in four types of solid cancers (breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer). Effective treatment requires the use of multiple toxic chemotherapeutic drugs with different properties and targets. However, a major cause of cancer treatment failure and metastasis is the development of multidrug resistance. Potential mechanisms of multidrug resistance include increase of drug efflux, drug inactivation, detoxification mechanisms, modification of drug target, inhibition of cell death, involvement of cancer stem cells, dysregulation of miRNAs activity, epigenetic variations, imbalance of DNA damage/repair processes, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and modulation of reactive oxygen species. Taking into consideration that synthetic multidrug resistance agents have failed to demonstrate significant survival benefits in patients with different types of cancer, recent research have focused on beneficial effects of natural compounds. Several phenolic compounds (flavones, phenolcarboxylic acids, ellagitannins, stilbens, lignans, curcumin, etc.) act as chemopreventive agents due to their antioxidant capacity, inhibition of proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses or inactivation of pro-carcinogens. Moreover, preclinical and clinical studies revealed that these compounds prevent multidrug resistance in cancer by modulating different pathways. Additional research is needed regarding the role of phenolic compounds in the prevention of multidrug resistance in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Oana Cezara Vlad
- Department of Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Luminita-Claudia Miclea
- Department of Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Excellence Center in Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constanta Ganea
- Department of Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.V.); (C.G.)
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.V.); (C.G.)
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247
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King AP, Wilson JJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: an arising target for metal-based anticancer agents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8113-8136. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00259c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal anticancer agents are rapidly emerging as selective, potent therapeutics that exhibit anticancer activity by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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248
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Kapoor S, Shenoy SP, Bose B. CD34 cells in somatic, regenerative and cancer stem cells: Developmental biology, cell therapy, and omics big data perspective. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:3058-3069. [PMID: 31886574 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein CD34 has conventionally been regarded as a marker for hematopoietic progenitors. Its expression on these cells has been leveraged for cell therapy applications in various hematological disorders. More recently, the expression of CD34 has also been reported on cells of nonhematopoietic origin. The list includes somatic cells such as endothelial cells, fibrocytes and interstitial cells and regenerative stem cells such as corneal keratocytes, muscle satellite cells, and muscle-derived stem cells. Furthermore, its expression on some cancer stem cells (CSCs) has also been reported. Till date, the functional roles of this molecule have been implicated in a multitude of cellular processes including cell adhesion, signal transduction, and maintenance of progenitor phenotype. However, the complete understanding about this molecule including its developmental origins, its embryonic connection, and associated functions is far from complete. Here, we review our present understanding of the structure and putative functions of the CD34 molecule based upon our literature survey. We also probed various biological databases to retrieve data related to the expression and associated molecular functions of CD34. Such information, upon synthesis, is hence likely to provide the suitability of such cells for cell therapy. Moreover, we have also covered the existing cell therapy and speculated cell therapy applications of CD34+ cells isolated from various lineages. We have also attempted here to speculate the role(s) of CD34 on CSCs. Finally, we discuss number of large-scale proteomics and transcriptomics studies that have been performed using CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Kapoor
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudheer P Shenoy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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249
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Azharuddin M, Roberg K, Dhara AK, Jain MV, Darcy P, Hinkula J, Slater NKH, Patra HK. Dissecting multi drug resistance in head and neck cancer cells using multicellular tumor spheroids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20066. [PMID: 31882620 PMCID: PMC6934860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancers is their ability to develop resistance against therapeutic agents. Therefore, developing effective in vitro strategies to identify drug resistance remains of paramount importance for successful treatment. One of the ways cancer cells achieve drug resistance is through the expression of efflux pumps that actively pump drugs out of the cells. To date, several studies have investigated the potential of using 3-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCSs) to assess drug resistance; however, a unified system that uses MCSs to differentiate between multi drug resistance (MDR) and non-MDR cells does not yet exist. In the present report we describe MCSs obtained from post-diagnosed, pre-treated patient-derived (PTPD) cell lines from head and neck squamous cancer cells (HNSCC) that often develop resistance to therapy. We employed an integrated approach combining response to clinical drugs and screening cytotoxicity, monitoring real-time drug uptake, and assessing transporter activity using flow cytometry in the presence and absence of their respective specific inhibitors. The report shows a comparative response to MDR, drug efflux capability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity to assess the resistance profile of PTPD MCSs and two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures of the same set of cell lines. We show that MCSs provide a robust and reliable in vitro model to evaluate clinical relevance. Our proposed strategy can also be clinically applicable for profiling drug resistance in cancers with unknown resistance profiles, which consequently can indicate benefit from downstream therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azharuddin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Roberg
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Östergötland, Sweden.
| | - Ashis Kumar Dhara
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, India
| | - Mayur Vilas Jain
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Padraig Darcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences (IMH), Division of Drug Research (LÄFO), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nigel K H Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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250
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Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010027. [PMID: 31861892 PMCID: PMC7016990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fibronectin (FN) in tumorigenesis and malignant progression has been highly controversial. Cancerous FN plays a tumor-suppressive role, whereas it is pro-metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, FN matrix deposited in the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) promotes tumor progression but is paradoxically related to a better prognosis. Here, we justify how FN impacts tumor transformation and subsequently metastatic progression. Next, we try to reconcile and rationalize the seemingly conflicting roles of FN in cancer and TMEs. Finally, we propose future perspectives for potential FN-based therapeutic strategies.
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