2501
|
Effect of hydrothermal treatment of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) seeds and starch isolation on starch digestibility. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
2502
|
Norkus A, Ostrauskas R, Žalinkevičius R, Radzevičienė L, Šulcaite R. Adequate prescribing of medication does not necessarily translate into good control of diabetes mellitus. Patient Prefer Adherence 2013; 7:643-52. [PMID: 23874086 PMCID: PMC3712083 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s45867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus in Lithuania have access to almost all the latest blood glucose-lowering drugs available in the rest of the world. This study evaluated the effects of prescribing of treatment (oral medications, insulin, or both) in Lithuanian patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes and poor blood glucose control. METHODS The relevant information was obtained from specialized questionnaires completed by 26 consulting endocrinologists in Lithuania between October 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008. The study cohort comprised 865 randomly selected patients with diabetes mellitus and a glycosylated (HbA1c) level ≥7%. In total, there were 95 patients with type 1 diabetes and 770 with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Linear regression for patients with type 1 diabetes revealed a weak trend towards higher doses of insulin reflecting lower HbA1c values. The mean dose of insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes before an endocrinology consultation was 57.1 ± 15.7 U/day (0.8 ± 0.2 U/kg), which increased significantly to 63.3 ± 16.5 U/day (0.9 ± 0.2 U/kg) after an endocrinology consultation (P < 0.05). Treatment prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes depended on the duration of disease. Earlier treatment recommended for 68% of patients with type 2 diabetes was subsequently changed by the endocrinologist. Linear regression showed that the insulin dose prescribed before a specialist consultation as well as that recommended by an endocrinologist was significantly correlated with body mass index. CONCLUSION Appropriate prescribing of blood glucose-lowering drugs does not always translate into good metabolic control of diabetes mellitus. The mean HbA1c was 8.5% ± 1.3% in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral drugs alone versus 9.0% ± 1.3% in those treated with insulin alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antanas Norkus
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: Antanas Norkus, Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, LT 50009, Lithuania, Tel +370 69 825 567, Fax +370 37 331 882, Email
| | - Rytas Ostrauskas
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Lina Radzevičienė
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rita Šulcaite
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
2503
|
Lee YK, Ng CJ, Lee PY, Khoo EM, Abdullah KL, Low WY, Samad AA, Chen WS. What are the barriers faced by patients using insulin? A qualitative study of Malaysian health care professionals' views. Patient Prefer Adherence 2013; 7:103-9. [PMID: 23378747 PMCID: PMC3559078 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s36791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes often require insulin as the disease progresses. However, health care professionals frequently encounter challenges when managing patients who require insulin therapy. Understanding how health care professionals perceive the barriers faced by patients on insulin will facilitate care and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE This study explores the views of Malaysian health care professionals on the barriers faced by patients using insulin. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with health care professionals involved in diabetes care using insulin. Forty-one health care professionals participated in the study, consisting of primary care doctors (n = 20), family medicine specialists (n = 10), government policymakers (n = 5), diabetes educators (n = 3), endocrinologists (n = 2), and one pharmacist. We used a topic guide to facilitate the interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic approach. RESULTS FIVE THEMES WERE IDENTIFIED AS BARRIERS: side effects, patient education, negative perceptions, blood glucose monitoring, and patient adherence to treatment and follow-up. Patients perceive that insulin therapy causes numerous negative side effects. There is a lack of patient education on proper glucose monitoring and how to optimize insulin therapy. Cost of treatment and patient ignorance are highlighted when discussing patient self-monitoring of blood glucose. Finally, health care professionals identified a lack of a follow-up system, especially for patients who do not keep to regular appointments. CONCLUSION This study identifies five substantial barriers to optimizing insulin therapy. Health care professionals who successfully identify and address these issues will empower patients to achieve effective self-management. System barriers require government agency in establishing insulin follow-up programs, multidisciplinary diabetes care teams, and subsidies for glucometers and test strips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yew Kong Lee
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Yew Kong Lee Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel +60 3 7949 2306 Fax +60 3 7957 7941 Email
| | - Chirk Jenn Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping Yein Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ee Ming Khoo
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Lim Abdullah
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah Yun Low
- Faculty of Medicine Dean’s Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2504
|
Is it time to screen women with history of hypertensive pregnancy disorders for diabetes? PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001428. [PMID: 23610563 PMCID: PMC3627639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thach Tran discusses a new research article on whether preeclampsia is associated with future diabetes, and discusses whether women with a history of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy should be screened for diabetes.
Collapse
|
2505
|
Nagrebetsky A, Larsen M, Craven A, Turner J, McRobert N, Murray E, Gibson O, Neil A, Tarassenko L, Farmer A. Stepwise self-titration of oral glucose-lowering medication using a mobile telephone-based telehealth platform in type 2 diabetes: a feasibility trial in primary care. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2013; 7:123-34. [PMID: 23439168 PMCID: PMC3692224 DOI: 10.1177/193229681300700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telehealth-supported clinical interventions may improve diabetes self-management. We explored the feasibility of stepwise self-titration of oral glucose-lowering medication guided by a mobile telephone-based telehealth platform for improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We recruited 14 type 2 diabetes patients to a one-year feasibility study with 1:1 randomization. Intervention group patients followed a stepwise treatment plan for titration of oral glucose-lowering medication with self-monitoring of glycemia using real-time graphical feedback on a mobile telephone and remote nurse monitoring using a Web-based tool. We carried out an interim analysis at 6 months. RESULTS We screened 3476 type 2 diabetes patients; 94% of the ineligible did not meet the eligibility criteria for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or current treatment. Mean (standard deviation) patient age at baseline was 58 (11) years, HbA1c was 65 (12) mmol/mol (8.1% [1.1%]), body mass index was 32.9 (6.4) kg/m2, median [interquartile range (IQR)] diabetes duration was 2.6 (0.6 to 4.7) years, and 10 (71%) were men. The median (IQR) change in HbA1c from baseline to six months was -10 (-21 to 3) mmol/mol (-0.9% [-1.9% to 0%]) in the intervention group and -5 (-13 to 6) mmol/mol (-0.5% [-1.2% to 0.6%]) in the control group. Six out of seven intervention group patients and four out of seven control group patients changed their oral glucose-lowering medication (p = .24). CONCLUSIONS Self-titration of oral glucose-lowering medication in type 2 diabetes with self-monitoring and remote monitoring of glycemia is feasible, and further studies using adapted recruitment strategies are required to evaluate whether it improves clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nagrebetsky
- National Institute for Health Research, School for Primary Care Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Larsen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthea Craven
- National Institute for Health Research, School for Primary Care Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Turner
- National Institute for Health Research, School for Primary Care Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicky McRobert
- Thames Valley Diabetes Research Network, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Gibson
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Neil
- National Institute for Health Research, School for Primary Care Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Tarassenko
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Institute for Health Research, School for Primary Care Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2506
|
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diabetes has led to DKD becoming the leading cause of ESRD in many regions. The economic cost of DKD will grow to prohibitive amounts unless strategies to prevent its onset or progression are urgently implemented. In type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the presence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria confers increased risk of developing ESRD and of death. Comparison of recent studies with earlier historical studies shows that the incidence of ESRD and death has decreased in DKD. Increased risk of albuminuria has been identified in certain non-European ethnic groups. However, the initial concept of progression of DKD as an albuminuric phenotype involving development of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, and then ESRD has had to be modified. Albumin excretion frequently regresses, and GFR can decline without abnormality in albumin excretion. There is emerging evidence that changes in renal function occurring early in the course of diabetes predict future outcomes. The major challenges are to prevent DKD onset, to detect it early, and to improve DKD outcomes globally.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Albuminuria/epidemiology
- Albuminuria/etiology
- Albuminuria/physiopathology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Cost of Illness
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Diabetic Nephropathies/urine
- Disease Progression
- Early Diagnosis
- Early Medical Intervention
- Epidemiologic Studies
- Ethnicity
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Humans
- Incidence
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/urine
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care
- Risk Factors
- Survival Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne T Reutens
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2507
|
Syringic acid, a novel natural phenolic acid, normalizes hyperglycemia with special reference to glycoprotein components in experimental diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
2508
|
Xu M, Luo X, Davis JJ. The label free picomolar detection of insulin in blood serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 39:21-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
2509
|
Sarashina A, Koiwai K, Seman LJ, Yamamura N, Taniguchi A, Negishi T, Sesoko S, Woerle HJ, Dugi KA. Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Single Doses of Empagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor, in Healthy Japanese Subjects. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:213-9. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
2510
|
Hussein Z, Hamdy O, Chin Chia Y, Lin Lim S, Kumari Natkunam S, Hussain H, Yeong Tan M, Sulaiman R, Nisak B, Chee WSS, Marchetti A, Hegazi RA, Mechanick JI. Transcultural diabetes nutrition algorithm: a malaysian application. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:679396. [PMID: 24385984 PMCID: PMC3872099 DOI: 10.1155/2013/679396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic control among patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Malaysia is suboptimal, especially after the continuous worsening over the past decade. Improved glycemic control may be achieved through a comprehensive management strategy that includes medical nutrition therapy (MNT). Evidence-based recommendations for diabetes-specific therapeutic diets are available internationally. However, Asian patients with T2D, including Malaysians, have unique disease characteristics and risk factors, as well as cultural and lifestyle dissimilarities, which may render international guidelines and recommendations less applicable and/or difficult to implement. With these thoughts in mind, a transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Algorithm (tDNA) was developed by an international task force of diabetes and nutrition experts through the restructuring of international guidelines for the nutritional management of prediabetes and T2D to account for cultural differences in lifestyle, diet, and genetic factors. The initial evidence-based global tDNA template was designed for simplicity, flexibility, and cultural modification. This paper reports the Malaysian adaptation of the tDNA, which takes into account the epidemiologic, physiologic, cultural, and lifestyle factors unique to Malaysia, as well as the local guidelines recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zanariah Hussein
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, Presint 7, 62250 Putrajaya, Malaysia
- *Zanariah Hussein:
| | - Osama Hamdy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shueh Lin Lim
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Husni Hussain
- Family Medicine, Putrajaya Health Clinic, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Ming Yeong Tan
- Department of Health Care, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ridzoni Sulaiman
- Department of Dietetics and Food Services, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Barakatun Nisak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Albert Marchetti
- Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey I. Mechanick
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2511
|
Muruganathan U, Srinivasan S, Indumathi D. Antihyperglycemic effect of carvone: Effect on the levels of glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
2512
|
Yoo M, Sharma N, Pasnoor M, Kluding PM. Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Presentations, Mechanisms, and Exercise Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 10. [PMID: 25360348 PMCID: PMC4211105 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.s10-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a frequent complication of diabetes and a major cause of morbidity and increased mortality. It is typically characterized by significant deficits in tactile sensitivity, vibration sense, lower-limb proprioception, and kinesthesia. Painful diabetic neuropathy (P-DPN) is a common phenotype of DPN that affects up to one-third of the general diabetic population. P-DPN has been shown to be associated with significant reductions in overall quality of life, increased levels of anxiety and depression, sleep impairment, and greater gait variability. The purpose of this review is to examine proposed mechanisms of P-DPN, summarize current treatment regimen, and assess exercise as a potential therapy for P-PDN. Although exercise has been shown to be an effective therapeutic modality for diabetes, its specific effects on DPN and especially the painful phenotype have not been sufficiently investigated in current literature. Several rodent models and clinical trials have presented promising results in this area, and warrant further investigations examining the effect of exercise on P-DPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yoo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| | - Neena Sharma
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| | - Patricia M Kluding
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2513
|
Nseir W, Haj S, Beshara B, Mograbi J, Cohen O. Seeking out high risk population: the prevalence characteristics and outcome of diabetic patients of arab ethnicity hospitalized in internal medical and acute coronary units in Israel. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:371608. [PMID: 23861680 PMCID: PMC3703333 DOI: 10.1155/2013/371608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. To seek high risk population for diabetes and to improve their health care by investigating the characteristics and outcome of hospitalization in hospitals with predominant Arab patients in Northern Israel. Methods. Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of diabetes and the outcome of diabetic in comparison to nondiabetic patients hospitalized in the internal medicine and intensive cardiac units in two major hospitals with one-year postdischarge data between 1.1.2009 and 31.12.2009. Results. Thirty-nine percent of the patients were diagnosed with diabetes. The preponderance of women in the diabetes group was noted. Diabetic patients had an increase in the duration of hospitalization (P = 0.0008), with one hospital having a high readmission rate for the diabetic patients. The average glycemia during hospitalization exceeded the recommended threshold of 180 mg% without major changes in the therapeutic regimens in comparison to preadmission regimens. Conclusions. Arab populations, women in particular, in westernizing societies are at high risk for diabetes which exemplifies as high rate of patients with diabetes among hospitalized patients. Areas for intervention during hospitalization and at predischarge have been identified to improve health outcomes and prevent readmissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shehadeh Haj
- The Medical Department, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Basma Beshara
- The Medical Department, Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
| | | | - Ohad Cohen
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- *Ohad Cohen:
| |
Collapse
|
2514
|
Alarouj M, Bennakhi A, Alnesef Y, Sharifi M, Elkum N. Diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the State of Kuwait: the first national survey. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:89-96. [PMID: 23241053 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide as well as in Kuwait. People with diabetes have two to five times greater risk of developing CVD as compared with non-diabetic individuals. To date, little information exists on the prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors in Kuwait. The objective of this survey was to address the growing burden of diabetes and related cardiovascular risk factors, and to estimate, for the first time, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the State of Kuwait. METHODS The study was carried out using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach for surveillance of non-communicable disease risk factors. This study represents a national survey for Kuwaiti nationals aged between 20 and 65 years. All participants were involved in an interview for gathering sociodemographic information, underwent focused physical examination and donated a blood sample for the study-specific laboratory investigations. RESULTS A total of 1970 subjects, with a mean age of 48.9 ± 10.5, were screened. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was as follows: diabetes 17.9%, dyslipidaemia 70.3%, hypertension 25.3% and obesity 48.2%. Over 62% had a sedentary lifestyle, and 17.8% were smokers. The prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidaemia increased with age and body mass index. Diabetes was also significantly associated with age above 40 years (OR = 10.5), family history of diabetes (OR = 2.79), hypertension (OR = 2.22), obesity (OR = 2.87) and lower literacy (OR = 4.23). CONCLUSIONS This study found that advancing age (≥ 40 years), diabetes mellitus, obesity, positive family history of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia are significant risk factors for developing CVD in Kuwait as in other parts of the world. Understanding these factors allows for preventive measures to be taken for Kuwaiti population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alarouj
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Department of Clinical Services, Kuwait City, Kuwait Kuwait Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2515
|
Abstract
Inhibiting sodium–glucose co-transporters (SGLT1/SGLT2), which have a key role in the absorption of glucose in the kidney and/or GI tract has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Thus, screening and patenting of chemical compounds for SGLT1/SGLT2 gets more importance in the development of new drugs in diabetes. Several companies are developing SGLT inhibitors, some of which are now in various stages of clinical development. Some molecules in the pipeline, including dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, ASP1941, BI10773, LX4211, RG7201 and TS071, are at various stages of drug development. This patent review presents the overall progress carried out in the development of SGLT inhibitors over the last decade with the active participation of various pharmaceutical companies. This class of drug is anticipated to have a large impact on diabetes field and predicting to attain a blockbuster status.
Collapse
|
2516
|
Dixon JB, Lambert GW. The obesity paradox – A reality that requires explanation and clinical interpretation. Atherosclerosis 2013; 226:47-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
2517
|
Xie H, Sun S, Cheng X, Yan T, Zheng X, Li F, Qi Q, Wang G, Hao H. Dysregulations of Intestinal and Colonic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:427-34. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-13-rg-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
2518
|
Poolsup N, Suksomboon N, Kyaw AM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glucose control in diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:39. [PMID: 23876067 PMCID: PMC3728077 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that necessitates continuing treatment and patient self-care education. Monitoring of blood glucose to near normal level without hypoglycemia becomes a challenge in the management of diabetes. Although self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can provide daily monitoring of blood glucose level and help to adjust therapy, it cannot detect hypoglycemic unawareness and nocturnal hypoglycemia which occurred mostly in T1DM pediatrics. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers continuous glucose data every 5 minutes to adjust insulin therapy especially for T1DM patients and to monitor lifestyle intervention especially for T2DM patients by care providers or even patients themselves. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control in Type 1 diabetic pediatrics and Type 2 diabetic adults by collecting randomized controlled trials from MEDLINE (pubmed), SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library up to May 2013 and historical search through the reference lists of relevant articles. There are two types of CGM device: real-time CGM and retrospective CGM and both types of the device were included in the analysis. In T1DM pediatrics, CGM use was no more effective than SMBG in reducing HbA1c [mean difference - 0.13% (95% CI -0.38% to 0.11%,]. This effect was independent of HbA1c level at baseline. Subgroup analysis indicated that retrospective CGM was not superior to SMBG [mean difference -0.05% (95% CI -0.46% to 0.35%)]. In contrast, real-time CGM revealed better effect in lowering HbA1c level compared with SMBG [mean difference -0.18% (95% CI -0.35% to -0.02%, p = 0.02)]. In T2DM adults, significant reduction in HbA1c level was detected with CGM compared with SMBG [mean difference - 0.31% (95% CI -0.6% to -0.02%, p = 0.04)]. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that real-time CGM can be more effective than SMBG in T1DM pediatrics, though retrospective CGM was not. CGM provided better glycemic control in T2DM adults compared with SMBG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Poolsup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon-Pathom, Thailand
| | - Naeti Suksomboon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aye Mon Kyaw
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2519
|
Khunti K, Davies MJ. Diabetes prevention: NICE opportunity for implementing programmes in the real-world setting. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1-2. [PMID: 23072427 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
2520
|
Adeneye Adejuwon A, Crooks PA, Fadhel-Albayati Z, Miller AF, Zito SW, Adeyemi OO, Agbaje EO. Antihyperglycemic profile of erinidine isolated from Hunteria umbellata seed. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2012. [PMID: 24146442 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Water decoction made from the seed of Hunteria umbellata is widely used in the traditional management of diabetes mellitus by Nigerian herbalists, particularly, in the southwest region of the country. Recently, a new bisindole alkaloid, erinidine, was isolated but its antihyperglycemic profile remains largely un-investigated scientifically. This forms the basis for the current study which is primarily designed at investigating the antihyperglycemic profile of erinidine and other fractions in both in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, erinidine was isolated and purified using the earlier described methods and its antihyperglycemic potentials tested in in vitro models such as dipeptidylpeptidase (IV), glycogen phosphorylase, HIT-T15 cell insulin secretion, glucose uptake activity, aldose reductase assays and α-glucosidase inhibition assay testings. In addition, 50 mg/kg of erinidine and that of other fractions were evaluated in in vivo models of normal and chemically-induced hyperglycemic rats. Results showed that erinidine was a light yellow, amorphous solid with UV (CHCl3) λ max 256 nm, HRESIMS m/z 382.1881 [(M+H)(+)] (calculated for C22H26N4O2, 382.1876) and melting point of 230 °C. The in vitro study showed the antihyperglycemic action of erinidine to be weakly mediated via α-glucosidase inhibition mechanism as the results for other in vitro tests such as dipeptidylpeptidase (IV), glycogen phosphorylase, HIT-T15 cell insulin secretion, glucose uptake activity and aldose reductase assays were all negative. However, the in vivo results showed 50 mg/kg erinidine given per os to normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats to significantly (p<0.05, p<0.001) attenuate an increase in their post-absorptive blood glucose concentrations after 3 g/kg glucose loading in the rats, suggesting its antihyperglycemic mechanism to be via α-glucosidase inhibition. This result, although, further corroborated the in vitro findings but also suggests that erinidine needs to be biotransformed in vivo for its inhibitory activity on intestinal glucose absorption to become evident. Thus, the present study suggests erinidine to be the possible antihyperglycemic agent in Hunteria umbellata seed extract mediating its antihyperglycemic action via intestinal glucose uptake inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Adeneye Adejuwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2521
|
Gast KB, Tjeerdema N, Stijnen T, Smit JWA, Dekkers OM. Insulin resistance and risk of incident cardiovascular events in adults without diabetes: meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52036. [PMID: 23300589 PMCID: PMC3532497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose, insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) are markers of insulin resistance. The objective of this study is to compare fasting glucose, fasting insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR in strength of association with incident cardiovascular disease. METHODS We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March, 2011, and screened reference lists. Cohort studies or nested case-control studies that investigated the association between fasting glucose, fasting insulin or HOMA-IR and incident cardiovascular disease, were eligible. Two investigators independently performed the article selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Cardiovascular endpoints were coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke or combined cardiovascular disease. We used fixed and random-effect meta-analyses to calculate the pooled relative risk for CHD, stroke and combined cardiovascular disease, comparing high to low concentrations of glucose, insulin or HOMA-IR. Study heterogeneity was calculated with the I(2) statistic. To enable a comparison between cardiovascular disease risks for glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR, we calculated pooled relative risks per increase of one standard deviation. RESULTS We included 65 studies (involving 516,325 participants) in this meta-analysis. In a random-effect meta-analysis the pooled relative risk of CHD (95% CI; I(2)) comparing high to low concentrations was 1.52 (1.31, 1.76; 62.4%) for glucose, 1.12 (0.92, 1.37; 41.0%) for insulin and 1.64 (1.35, 2.00; 0%) for HOMA-IR. The pooled relative risk of CHD per one standard deviation increase was 1.21 (1.13, 1.30; 64.9%) for glucose, 1.04 (0.96, 1.12; 43.0%) for insulin and 1.46 (1.26, 1.69; 0.0%) for HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS The relative risk of cardiovascular disease was higher for an increase of one standard deviation in HOMA-IR compared to an increase of one standard deviation in fasting glucose or fasting insulin concentration. It may be useful to add HOMA-IR to a cardiovascular risk prediction model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin B Gast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2522
|
Doctors' and nurses' views on patient care for type 2 diabetes: an interview study in primary health care in Oman. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2012; 14:258-69. [PMID: 23259934 PMCID: PMC3682753 DOI: 10.1017/s146342361200062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed at exploring the experiences of primary health-care providers of their
encounters with patients with type 2 diabetes, and their preferences and suggestions for
future improvement of diabetes care. Background Barriers to good diabetes care could be related to problems from health-care providers’
side, patients’ side or the health-care system of the country. Treatment of patients
with type 2 diabetes has become a huge challenge in Oman, where the prevalence has
increased to high levels. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 health-care professionals, 19 doctors
and seven nurses, who worked in primary health care in Oman. Qualitative content
analysis was applied. Findings Organizational barriers and barriers related to patients and health-care providers were
identified. These included workload and lack of teamwork approach. Poor patients’
management adherence and influence of culture on their attitudes towards illness were
identified. From the providers’ side, language barriers, providers’ frustration and
aggressive attitudes towards the patients were reflected. Decreasing the workload,
availability of competent teams with diabetes specialist nurses and continuity of care
were suggested. Furthermore, changing professional behaviours towards a more
patient-centred approach and need for health education to the patients, especially on
self-management, were addressed. Appropriate training for health-care providers in
communication skills with emphasis on self-care education and individualization of care
according to each patient's needs are important for improvement of diabetes care in
Oman.
Collapse
|
2523
|
Antihyperglycemic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:162724. [PMID: 23509685 PMCID: PMC3591163 DOI: 10.1155/2013/162724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of GBE on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by the administration of STZ (60 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally. GBE (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally once a day for a period of 30 days. Body weight and blood glucose levels were determined in different experimental days. Serum lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes in hepatic and pancreatic tissue were measured at the end of the experimental period. Significant decreases in body weight and antioxidant ability and increases in blood glucose, lipid profile, and lipid peroxidation were observed in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The administration of GBE and glibenclamide daily for 30 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats reversed the above parameters significantly. GBE possesses antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemia activities in STZ-induced chronic diabetic rats, which promisingly support the use of GBE as a food supplement or an adjunct treatment for diabetics.
Collapse
|
2524
|
Tang X, Yang L, He Z, Liu J. Insulin glargine and cancer risk in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51814. [PMID: 23284776 PMCID: PMC3526637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The role of insulin glargine as a risk factor for cancer is controversial in human studies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between insulin glargine and cancer incidence. METHODS All observational studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating the relationship of insulin glargine and cancer risk were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biomedical Medical Literature Database, through March 2012. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with a random-effects model. Confidence in the estimates of the obtained effects (quality of evidence) was assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. RESULTS A total of 11 studies including 448,928 study subjects and 19,128 cancer patients were finally identified for the meta-analysis. Insulin glargine use was associated with a lower odds of cancer compared with non-glargine insulin use (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98, P = 0.03; very low-quality evidence). Glargine did not increase the odds of breast cancer (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.46, P = 0.966; very low-quality evidence). Compared with non-glargine insulin, no significant association was found between insulin glargine and prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and respiratory tract cancer. Insulin glargine use was associated with lower odds of other site-specific cancer. CONCLUSIONS Results from the meta-analysis don't support the link between insulin glargine and an increased risk of cancer and the confidence in the estimates of the effects is very low. Further studies are needed to examine the relation between insulin glargine and cancer risk, especially breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2525
|
Adeneye AA. The leaf and seed aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus improves insulin resistance diabetes in experimental animal studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:705-711. [PMID: 23085308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amongst the Yoruba tribe (Southwest Nigeria), water decoction of the leaf and seed of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. is reputably used for the local management of diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperlipidemia. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and elucidate mechanism(s) of action of the aqueous leaf and seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PAE) in normal and 10% sucrose-induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as an experimental model of insulin resistance diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the repeated oral antihyperglycemic action of 150-600 mg/kg/day of PAE was evaluated in normal and 10% sucrose-induced insulin resistance rats using indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and insulin resistance indices. The extract's weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and anti-atherogenic effects were also evaluated by measuring the effect of the extract on the body weight, plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and atherogenic indices. RESULTS In normal rats, PAE caused significant (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001) and dose related decreases in body weight, FBG, TG, TC, LDL-c, and atherogenic indices. Repeated oral treatment with 10% sucrose drink for 30 days was associated with significant (p<0.001) weight gain, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance indices, hyperlipidemia and atherogenic indices. However, pre-treatment with PAE significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated increase in any of these measured parameters. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results of this study showed PAE to effectively control insulin resistance DM which was mediated via improvement in insulin resistance, thus, validating its ethnomedical use in the local management of DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, P.M.B. 21266, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
2526
|
Hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype predicts diabetes: a cohort study in Chinese urban adults. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1081. [PMID: 23241342 PMCID: PMC3552698 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglycedemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype is a simple and inexpensive screening parameter to identify people at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We evaluated whether the HTGW phenotype predicts prediabetes and diabetes in Chinese urban adults. METHODS Two thousand nine hundred and eight (2908) subjects including 1957 men and 951 women, aged 20 years and older, free of prediabetes and diabetes at baseline were enrolled in 2008 and followed for 3 years. Meanwhile, new cases of prediabetes and diabetes were identified via annual physical examination. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of HTGW phenotype with the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes. RESULTS One thousand five hundred and thirty-three (1533) new prediabetes and 90 new diabetes cases were diagnosed during the follow-up period. The accumulated incidence of prediabetes and diabetes was 52.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Compared with the normal waist normal triglyceride (NWNT) group, those in the HTGW group had higher incidence of prediabetes and diabetes for both men and women. The hazard ratio (HR) for developing prediabetes in the presence of HTGW phenotype at baseline was 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.04-2.19) in women, not in men (HR=1.01; 95% CI = 0.82-1.24), after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The HR for developing diabetes were 4.46 (95% CI = 1.88-10.60) in men and 4.64 (95% CI = 1.20-17.97) in women for people who were HTGW phenotype at baseline, after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The HTGW phenotype can be used as a simple screening approach to predict diabetes. By using this approach, it is possible to identify individuals at high-risk for diabetes, which is of great significance in reducing the incidence of diabetes among Chinese urban adults.
Collapse
|
2527
|
Ghaisas MM, Kshirsagar SB, Sahane RS. Evaluation of wound healing activity of ferulic acid in diabetic rats. Int Wound J 2012; 11:523-32. [PMID: 23236955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetic patients, there is impairment in angiogenesis, neovascularisation and failure in matrix metalloproteineases (MMPs), keratinocyte and fibroblast functions, which affects wound healing mechanism. Hence, diabetic patients are more prone to infections and ulcers, which finally result in gangrene. Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, rice bran and sweet corn. In this study, wound healing activity of FA was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using excision wound model. FA-treated wounds were found to epithelise faster as compared with diabetic wound control group. The hydroxyproline and hexosamine content increased significantly when compared with diabetic wound control. FA effectively inhibited the lipid peroxidation and elevated the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and nitric oxide levels along with the increase in the serum zinc and copper levels probably aiding the wound healing process. Hence, the results indicate that FA significantly promotes wound healing in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Ghaisas
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathwade, Pune, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2528
|
Lambertucci AC, Lambertucci RH, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Moriscot AS, Alba-Loureiro TC, Guimarães-Ferreira L, Levada-Pires AC, Vasconcelos DAA, Sellitti DF, Pithon-Curi TC. Glutamine supplementation stimulates protein-synthetic and inhibits protein-degradative signaling pathways in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50390. [PMID: 23239980 PMCID: PMC3519752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the signaling pathways regulating protein synthesis and protein degradation in the skeletal muscle of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The expression levels of key regulatory proteins in the synthetic pathways (Akt, mTOR, GSK3 and 4E-BP1) and the degradation pathways (MuRF-1 and MAFbx) were determined using real-time PCR and Western blotting in four groups of male Wistar rats; 1) control, non-supplemented with glutamine; 2) control, supplemented with glutamine; 3) diabetic, non-supplemented with glutamine; and 4) diabetic, supplemented with glutamine. Diabetes was induced by the intravenous injection of 65 mg/kg bw STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.2); the non-diabetic controls received only citrate buffer. After 48 hours, diabetes was confirmed in the STZ-treated animals by the determination of blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL. Starting on that day, a solution of 1 g/kg bw Gln in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered daily via gavage for 15 days to groups 2 and 4. Groups 1 and 3 received only PBS for the same duration. The rats were euthanized, and the soleus muscles were removed and homogenized in extraction buffer for the subsequent measurement of protein and mRNA levels. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the muscle Gln content in the diabetic rats, and this level increased toward the control value in the diabetic rats receiving Gln. In addition, the diabetic rats exhibited a reduced mRNA expression of regulatory proteins in the protein synthesis pathway and increased expression of those associated with protein degradation. A reduction in the skeletal muscle mass in the diabetic rats was observed and was alleviated partially with Gln supplementation. The data suggest that glutamine supplementation is potentially useful for slowing the progression of muscle atrophy in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C. Lambertucci
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael H. Lambertucci
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro M. Hirabara
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anselmo S. Moriscot
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C. Alba-Loureiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C. Levada-Pires
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo A. A. Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Donald F. Sellitti
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tania C. Pithon-Curi
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2529
|
Potential effects of nichi glucan as a food supplement for diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia: preliminary findings from the study on three patients from India. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:895370. [PMID: 23304164 PMCID: PMC3529881 DOI: 10.1155/2012/895370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta Glucan food supplements have been reported to be of benefit in diabetes and hyperlipidemia. We report a pilot study of the effects of Nichi Glucan, 1, 3-1, 6 Beta Glucan food supplement, in lowering the blood glucose and lipid levels in three patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) from India. These patients had increased blood glucose and lipid levels inspite of routine antidiabetic and lipid level lowering medications. Each of the participants took 1.5 g of Nichi Glucan per day with food for two months along with their routine medications. The relevant parameters to assess glycemic status and lipid levels were calculated at the baseline and at the end of two months. After two months of continuous consumption, in one patient, the HbA1c decreased from 9.1% to 7.8%, and the glycemic target of HbA1c <6.5% laid down by the International Diabetes Federation was reached in two patients. Lipid levels also decreased significantly. Based on our findings, Nichi Glucan food supplement can be considered along with routine medications in patients with Type II diabetes with hyperlipidemia. Further studies are needed to validate the results.
Collapse
|
2530
|
Klatt S, Fromm MF, König J. The Influence of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Cellular Drug Uptake Mediated by Hepatic OATP Family Members. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:244-50. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Klatt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen; Germany
| | - Martin F. Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen; Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2531
|
Fitzner K, Moss G. Telehealth--an effective delivery method for diabetes self-management education? Popul Health Manag 2012; 16:169-77. [PMID: 23216062 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2012.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that is often comorbid with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease, and neuropathy. Its management is complex, requiring ongoing clinical management, lifestyle changes, and self-care. This article examines recent literature on telehealth and emerging technological tools for supporting self-management of diabetes and identifies best practices. The authors conducted a PubMed search (January 2008-2012) that was supplemented by review of meeting materials and a scan of the Internet to identify emerging technologies. Fifty-eight papers were reviewed; 12 were selected for greater analysis. This review supports earlier findings that the delivery of diabetes self-management and training (DSME/T) via telehealth is useful, appropriate, and acceptable to patients and providers. Best practices are emerging; not all technology is appropriate for all populations--interactive technology needs to be appropriate to the patient's age, abilities, and sensitivities. Telehealth is scalable and sustainable provided that it adds value, does not add to the provider's workload, and is fairly reimbursed. However, there are multiple barriers (patient, provider, health system) to remotely provided DSME/T. DSME/T delivered via telehealth offers effective, efficient, and affordable ways to reach and support underserved minorities and other people with diabetes and related comorbidities. The new generation of smartphones, apps, and other technologies increase access, and the newest interventions are designed to meet patient needs, do not increase workloads, are highly appropriate, enhance self-management, and are desired by patients.
Collapse
|
2532
|
Impaired early cytokine responses at the site of infection in a murine model of type 2 diabetes and melioidosis comorbidity. Infect Immun 2012. [PMID: 23208607 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00930-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a common and serious complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of melioidosis, an emerging tropical infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is increased in people with T2D. This is the first study to compare murine models of T2D and melioidosis. Susceptibility and disease progression following infection with B. pseudomallei were compared in our diet-induced polygenic mouse model and a leptin receptor-deficient monogenic model of T2D. The metabolic profile of mice with diet-induced diabetes, including body weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and baseline levels of inflammation, closely resembled that of clinical T2D. Following subcutaneous infection with B. pseudomallei, bacterial loads at 24 and 72 h postinfection in the blood, spleen, liver, lungs, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at the site of infection were compared in parallel with the expression of inflammatory cytokines and tissue histology. As early as 24 h postinfection, the expression of inflammatory (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and IL-6) and T(H)1 (IL-12 and gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) cytokines was impaired in diabetic mice compared to nondiabetic littermates. Early differences in cytokine expression were associated with excessive infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in diabetic mice compared to nondiabetic littermates. This was accompanied by bacteremia, hematogenous dissemination of bacteria to the lungs, and uncontrolled bacterial growth in the spleens of diabetic mice by 72 h postinfection. The findings from our novel model of T2D and melioidosis comorbidity support the role of impaired early immune pathways in the increased susceptibility of individuals with T2D to bacterial infections.
Collapse
|
2533
|
Esposito K, Chiodini P, Capuano A, Petrizzo M, Improta MR, Giugliano D. Basal supplementation of insulin lispro protamine suspension versus insulin glargine and detemir for type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:2698-705. [PMID: 23173139 PMCID: PMC3507592 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the effect of insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS) with that of insulin glargine and insulin detemir, all given as basal supplementation, in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted an electronic search until February 2012, including online registries of ongoing trials and abstract books. All randomized controlled trials comparing ILPS with insulin glargine or detemir with a duration of ≥12 weeks were included. RESULTS We found four trials lasting 24-36 weeks involving 1,336 persons: three studies compared ILPS with glargine, and one trial compared ILPS with detemir. There was no significant difference in change in HbA(1c) level between ILPS and comparators, in the proportion of patients achieving the HbA(1c) goals of ≤6.5 or <7%, in weight change, or in daily insulin doses. There was no difference in overall hypoglycemia, but nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred significantly more with ILPS than with comparator insulins (mean difference 0.099 events/patient/30 days [95% CI 0.03-0.17]). In a prespecified sensitivity analysis comparing data obtained in patients who remained on their once-daily insulin regimen, not significantly different event rates for nocturnal hypoglycemia were observed between ILPS and comparator insulins (0.063 [-0.007 to 0.13]), and ILPS was associated with lower insulin dose (0.07 units/kg/day [0.05-0.09]). CONCLUSIONS There is no difference between ILPS and insulin glargine or detemir for targeting hyperglycemia, but nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred more frequently with ILPS than with comparator insulins. Nocturnal hypoglycemia was not significantly different in people who injected insulin once daily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Esposito
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2534
|
Hajat C, Shather Z. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and prediction of diabetes using IDF versus ATPIII criteria in a Middle East population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:481-6. [PMID: 23140808 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence and predictive value of metabolic syndrome in Abu Dhabi, using data from the population-based, programme, 'Weqaya'. The Weqaya screen included family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, random blood glucose (RBG) and HbA1c. Those not previously diabetic but at high risk of diabetes (RBG ≥11.1 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥6.1%) and randomly selected normal subjects were followed-up with fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c and fasting triglycerides. In 760 subjects, 325 (42.8%) were male with a mean age of 41.9 years (SD 13.8). Using World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria, 149 (20.2%) were newly diagnosed diabetics. Using International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria, metabolic syndrome was present in 29.0% vs. 31.5% of non-diabetics, 63.4% vs. 64.2% with impaired glucose handling and 78.6% vs. 79.8% with new-onset diabetes using OGTT (P<.001). IDF criteria better predicted pre-diabetes and diabetes (OR 3.4 P<.001; OR 6.4 P<.001, respectively); ATPIII criteria better predicted high CVD risk scores (OR 13.6 P<.001). Whilst IDF and APTIII definitions provide similar prevalence rates, they differentially predict prediabetes, diabetes and CVD. This ongoing study will enable the longitudinal investigation of the development of diabetes and cardiovascular events in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cother Hajat
- Department of Public Health & Research, Health Authority Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2535
|
Li Y, Ding Y. Minireview: Therapeutic potential of myricetin in diabetes mellitus. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
2536
|
Stanekzai J, Isenovic ER, Mousa SA. Treatment options for diabetes: potential role of stem cells. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:361-8. [PMID: 23020931 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There are diseases and injuries in which a patient's cells or tissues are destroyed that can only be adequately corrected by tissue or organ transplants. Stem cells may be able to generate new tissue and even cure diseases for which there is no adequate therapy. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), an insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic disease affecting genetically predisposed individuals, in which insulin-secreting beta (β)-cells within pancreatic islets of Langerhans are selectively and irreversibly destroyed by autoimmune assault. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by a gradual decrease in insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and the liver (insulin resistance), followed by a gradual decline in β-cell function and insulin secretion. Successful replacing of damaged β-cells has shown considerable potential in treating T1DM, but lack of adequate donors is a barrier. The literature suggests that embryonic and adult stem cells are promising alternatives in long-term treatment of diabetes. However, any successful strategy should address both the need for β-cell replacement and controlling the autoimmune response to cells that express insulin. This review summarizes the current knowledge of options and the potential of stem cell transplantation in diabetes treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Stanekzai
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2537
|
Teoh H, Lau DC, Camelon KM, Gilbert RE, Harris SB, McFarlane PA, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Ur E, Leiter LA. Assessment and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults at Risk for or with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
2538
|
Turki A, Mtiraoui N, Al-Busaidi AS, Khirallah M, Mahjoub T, Almawi WY. Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms within KCNQ1 locus and type 2 diabetes in Tunisian Arabs. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:452-8. [PMID: 23107108 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Polymorphisms of KCNQ1 were previously associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in select Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations. We investigated the association of rs231361, rs231359, rs151290, rs2237892, rs2283228, rs2237895, and rs2237896 KCNQ1 polymorphisms with T2DM in Tunisian Arabs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects comprised 900 T2DM patients and 600 normoglycemic controls. KCNQ1 genotyping was done by allelic discrimination (real-time PCR) and PCR-RFLP methods; the contribution of KCNQ1 polymorphisms to T2DM were analyzed by Haploview and regression analysis. RESULTS Minor allele frequency (MAF) of the 7 tested KCNQ1 variants was comparable between T2DM cases and controls. Mild association of rs2237892 genotypes with T2DM was seen (P=0.014), highlighted by the significant association of the C/T genotype with increased T2DM risk (OR, 2.11; 95%CI, 1.25-3.53), after adjusting for BMI, gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum lipid profile. Heterogeneity in linkage disequilibrium pattern between tested KCNQ1 variants analyzed was seen. Two-locus (rs231361 and rs231359) and 5-locus (remaining 5 SNPs) haplotype analysis did not reveal any significant association with any of the haplotypes contained in either block 1 or block 2. CONCLUSION These results indicate that there was no evidence for an association of KCNQ1 polymorphisms with T2DM in Tunisian Arabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Turki
- Research Unit of Biology and Genetics of Cancer and Haematological and Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2539
|
Brown N, Critchley J, Bogowicz P, Mayige M, Unwin N. Risk scores based on self-reported or available clinical data to detect undiagnosed type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:369-85. [PMID: 23010559 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review published primary research on the development or validation of risk scores that require only self-reported or available clinical data to identify undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A systematic literature search of Medline and EMBASE was conducted until January 2011. Studies focusing on the development or validation of risk scores to identify undiagnosed T2DM were included. Risk scores to predict future risk of T2DM were excluded. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included; 17 developed a new risk score, 14 validated existing scores. Twenty-six studies were conducted in high-income countries. Age and measures of body mass/fat distribution were the most commonly used predictor variables. Studies developing new scores performed better than validation studies, with 11 reporting an AUC of >0.80 compared to one validation study. Fourteen validation studies reported sensitivities of <80%. The performance of scores did not differ by the number of variables included or the country setting. CONCLUSIONS There is a proliferation of newly developed risk scores using similar variables, which sometimes perform poorly upon external validation. Future research should explore the recalibration, validation and applicability of existing scores to other settings, particularly in low/middle income countries, and on the utility of scores to improve diabetes-related outcomes.
Collapse
|
2540
|
Moses CRA, Seshiah V, Sahay BK, Kumar A, Asirvatham AJ, Balaji V, Kalra S, Akhtar S, Shetty R, Das AK. Baseline results indicate poor glycemic control and delay in initiation and optimization of insulin therapy: results from the improving management practices and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16:S432-S433. [PMID: 23565455 PMCID: PMC3603103 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving management practices and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes (IMPACT), was a prospective, open-label, 26- week, comparative, multi-center study to compare efficacy and safety of the Indian insulin guideline (IIG) group versus routine clinical practice (RCP) group in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20,653 patients from 885 centers across India were enrolled and treated with premixed insulin therapy as per IIG or routine care. RESULTS Most of the participating centers (81.7%) reported following a diabetes guideline in their practice routinely but only 20.4% targeted HbA1c <7%. Very few of the physicians (2.7%) reported that most of their patients (>75%) achieved an HbA1c <7%. Most of the physicians (39.8%) also agreed that only 10-25% of the patients agree to start insulin therapy at the first counseling. Mean duration of diabetes before initiating insulin in patients using oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) was 7 years, indicating a delay in initiating insulin therapy. The difference in mean daily dose of insulin at initiation vs. at 26 weeks was only 0.8 U (25.8 ± 11.3 at initiation compared to 26.6 ± 9.5, respectively, p = ns) suggesting lack of treatment optimization. Weekly titration till achieving HbA1c <7% was done in 51.1% of the patients and only 8.9% performed self-titration. CONCLUSION Baseline glycemic control in these patients was poor and reflects a delay in initiating insulin therapy. Data also reflect a lack of optimization of insulin doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Seshiah
- Dr. V. Seshiah Diabetes Research Institute and Dr. Balaji Diabetes Care Centre, Aminjikarai, Chennai, India
| | - B. K. Sahay
- Department of Medicine, Osmania Medical College, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Kumar
- Diabetes Care and Research Centre, GCIB, Patna, India
| | - A. J. Asirvatham
- Department of Diabetology, Government Rajaji Medical College, Madurai, India
| | - V. Balaji
- Diabetes Care and Research Institute, Aminjikarai, Chennai, India
| | - S. Kalra
- Bharti Hospital and B.R.I.D.E., Karnal, India
| | - S. Akhtar
- Novo Nordisk India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Shetty
- Novo Nordisk India Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A. K. Das
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
2541
|
Hayashino Y, Jackson JL, Fukumori N, Nakamura F, Fukuhara S. Effects of supervised exercise on lipid profiles and blood pressure control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:349-60. [PMID: 23116535 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study's purpose was to perform a systematic review to assess the effect of supervised exercise interventions on lipid profiles and blood pressure control. METHODS We searched electronic databases and selected studies that evaluated the effect of supervised exercise intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in adult people with type 2 diabetes. We used random effect models to derive weighted mean differences of exercise on lipid profiles and blood pressure control. RESULTS Forty-two RCTs (2808 subjects) met inclusion criteria and are included in our meta-analysis. Structured exercise was associated with a change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of -2.42 mmHg (95% CI, -4.39 to -0.45 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of -2.23 mmHg (95% CI, -3.21 to -1.25 mmHg), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of 0.04 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.02-0.07 mmol/L), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of -0.16 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.30 to -0.01 mmol/L). Heterogeneity was partially explained by age, dietary co-intervention and the duration and intensity of the exercise. CONCLUSIONS Supervised exercise is effective in improving blood pressure control, lowering LDL-C, and elevating HDL-C levels in people with diabetes. Physicians should recommend exercise for their adult patients with diabetes who can safely do so.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Hayashino
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2542
|
Sun F, Yu K, Wu S, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Shi L, Ji L, Zhan S. Cardiovascular safety and glycemic control of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pairwise and network meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:386-95. [PMID: 23020934 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Integrating evidence from all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) to assess the safety of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and efficacy of glycemic control. METHODS Besides performing pairwise meta-analysis, network meta-analysis of all RCTs was used to combine direct and indirect estimates of the effect of GLP-1 with placebo, active comparator drugs (ACD), or another GLP-1 agent with treatment duration ≥8 weeks in T2DM patients, 15,883 for CVD safety from 45 RCTs and 14,136 for glycemic control from 36 RCTs. RESULTS For CVD safety, both of the results from pairwise and network meta-analysis failed to demonstrate significant difference between any two comparators. For glycemic control, the effect of any GLP-1 was better than placebo, but no difference was found between GLP-1s. We also found that liraglutide was the only GLP-1 drug shown to be more effective on improving glycemic control than ACD and exenatide. The results based on direct or indirect estimates were similar for two outcomes. CONCLUSION Our network meta-analysis provides a complete picture of the associations between GLP-1s, ACD and placebo on CVD safety and glycemic control. The GLP-1s are promising candidates for the treatment of T2DM, but more long-term trials are needed to confirm potential CVD safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2543
|
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is widely prevalent and is often coexistent with obesity. Many of the available treatment options have side effects such as weight gain which often affect patient's willingness to continue the treatment. Effective weight loss, lack of significant hypoglycaemia, and favourable cardiometabolic profile make Incretin based therapies an attractive treatment option for type 2 diabetes. Incretin based therapies are available as either incretin mimetics (also called GLP-1 agonists) or incretin enhancers (DPP-4 inhibitors). Although agents in both these classes of incretin based therapy are effective through a common GLP-1 pathway, there are many differences amongst them including the route of administration, frequency of administration, effects on body weight, extent of glycaemic improvement. There are several trials evaluating these individual incretin based agents either as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents, however very few have looked into direct comparison amongst the agents in these two classes. This review is aimed to look at important mechanistic differences between incretin mimetics and enhancers through direct comparison trials and impact of these differences on biochemical, metabolic and patient satisfaction parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Nisal
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2544
|
Chen R, Song Y, Hu Z, Brunner EJ. Predictors of diabetes in older people in urban China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50957. [PMID: 23226432 PMCID: PMC3511385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has the largest number of people with diabetes in the world. Over the last 30 years China has experienced rapid economic growth and a growing income gap between rich and poor. The population is ageing, however diabetes in older people has not been well studied to date. In this study we determined incidence and predictors of diabetes in older Chinese people. METHODS During 2001, using a standard interview method, we examined 1,317 adults aged ≥65 years who did not have diabetes in the city of Hefei, and characterized baseline risk factors. Over 7.5 years of follow up, we documented incident diabetes using self-reported doctor diagnosis and the cause of death in the whole cohort, and HbA(1C) ≥48 mmol/mol in a nested case-control sample. A multivariate Cox regression model was employed to investigate risk of diabetes in relation to baseline risk factors. RESULTS During follow up, 119 persons had newly diagnosed diabetes. World age-standardised incidence of diabetes was 24.5 (95% CI 19.5-29.5) per 1,000 person-years. Risk of diabetes was significantly and positively associated with income, waist circumference and body mass index, smoking and uncontrolled hypertension, but negatively associated with having a hobby of walking and frequency of visiting children/other relatives and contacting neighbours/friends. Higher income was significantly associated with increased diabetes risk regardless of cardiovascular and psychosocial risk factors. Compared to those with middle income and no psychosocial risk factors, the hazard ratio for incident diabetes among participants with high income and psychosocial risk was 2.13 (95% CI 1.02-4.45). CONCLUSIONS Increasing incidence of diabetes in relation to high income has become an important public health issue in China. Maintaining social networks and gentle physical activities and reducing psychosocial factors may be integrated into current multi-faceted preventive strategies for curbing the epidemic of diabetes in the older population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoling Chen
- School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2545
|
Derosa G, Maffioli P, Cicero AFG. Berberine on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors: an analysis from preclinical evidences to clinical trials. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1113-24. [PMID: 22780092 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.704014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia have proven to give an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent studies have suggested that the natural alkaloid berberine could have pharmacological activities potentially useful in diabetes and hypercholesterolemia management. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to evaluate the metabolic properties of the natural alkaloid berberine, and its potential application to the treatment of diabetes and CVD prevention. EXPERT OPINION Berberine proved to be effective in improving glycemic control and lipid profile. The modern investigation on berberine pharmacological activity is actually developing and numerous scientific evidences are actually in progress and reported in international congresses. The near future perspective is the isolation or neo-synthesis of berberine analogs with a higher bioavailability. The anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic effects of berberine have to be related to markers of improvement in organ damage in humans; longer trials are needed to better evaluate the safety profile of the molecule, when administered alone or in association with other anti-hyperlipidemic or anti-diabetic drugs, especially in the European population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- University of Pavia, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, P.le C. Golgi, 2-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2546
|
Pimple BP, Kadam PV, Patil MJ. Protective effect of Luffa acutangula extracts on gastric ulceration in NIDDM rats: role of gastric mucosal glycoproteins and antioxidants. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:610-5. [PMID: 22840448 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the comparative gastroprotective effect of Luffa acutangula methanolic extract (LAM) and aqueous extract (LAW) on type II diabetes rats. METHODS Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.) along with nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in rats. A daily oral dose of aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for initial seven days to induce gastric ulcerations in the diabetic rats. LAM and LAW were administered orally in the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg once daily for 21 days. Glibenclamide and ranitidine were used as standards for comparing the antidiabetic and antiulcer effect respectively. RESULTS LAM significantly (P<0.01) increased mucosal glycoprotein and antioxidant enzyme level in gastric mucosa of diabetic rats than LAW (P <0.05). LAM was efficient in reversing the delayed healing of gastric ulcer in diabetic rats close to the normal level. LAM exhibited better ulcer healing effect than glibenclamide and LAW, because of its both antihyperglycemic and mucosal defensive actions. CONCLUSIONS Thus, LAM is proved to be a better alternative for treating gastric ulcers co-occurring with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Pimple
- P. E. Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2547
|
Narayanan RP, Fu B, Heald AH, Siddals KW, Oliver RL, Hudson JE, Payton A, Anderson SG, White A, Ollier WER, Gibson JM. IGFBP2 is a biomarker for predicting longitudinal deterioration in renal function in type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2012; 1:95-102. [PMID: 23781310 PMCID: PMC3681324 DOI: 10.1530/ec-12-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factors are implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy. IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) and IGF2 are expressed in the kidney, but their associations with diabetic nephropathy are unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that circulating levels of IGF2 and IGFBP2 predict longitudinal renal function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN AND METHODS IGFBP2 and IGF2 measurements were performed in 436 individuals (263 males) with type 2 diabetes. Linear mixed-effect regression analysis was used to model the relationship between plasma IGFBP2 concentration and longitudinal changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over an 8-year period. Analyses were also performed for IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP1 and IGFBP3 concentrations as predictors of longitudinal renal outcomes. RESULTS High IGFBP2 concentration at baseline was associated with a decreased eGFR over an 8-year period (β=-0.02, (95% confidence interval -0.03 to -0.01), P<0.001). High IGFBP1, IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 were also associated with low baseline eGFR concentration. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that IGFBP2 is a predictor of longitudinal deterioration of renal function in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Narayanan
- Vascular Research GroupThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
- Correspondence should be addressed to R P Narayanan B-202, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK Email
| | - Bo Fu
- School of Community Based Medicine, The University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Adrian H Heald
- Vascular Research GroupThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Kirk W Siddals
- Vascular Research GroupThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Robert L Oliver
- Vascular Research GroupThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Julie E Hudson
- Vascular Research GroupThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Cardiovascular Research GroupThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - Anne White
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical, Human and Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
| | - William E R Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
- Salford R&D, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation TrustSalford, M6 8HDUK
| | - J Martin Gibson
- Vascular Research GroupThe University of ManchesterManchester, M13 9PTUK
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesSalford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation TrustSalford, M6 8HDUK
| |
Collapse
|
2548
|
Ou Y, Lin L, Pan Q, Yang X, Cheng X. Preventive effect of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis on alloxan-injured mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:721-726. [PMID: 23121873 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The preventive effect of phycocyanin (obtained from Spirulina platensis) on alloxan-injured mice is investigated. Oral administration of phycocyanin was started two weeks before an alloxan injury and continued until four weeks later. Tests resulted in the following positive results of oral phycocyanin administration on alloxan-injured mice: decrease fasting blood glucose and glycosylated serum protein (GSP); maintain total antioxidative capability (T-AOC); avert malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the liver, kidney, and pancreas; decrease total cholesterol (TC) level and triglycerides (TG) level in serum and liver; increase the levels of hepatic glycogen level; maintain glucokinase (GK) expression in the liver and decrease p53 expression in the pancreas at mRNA level. The histological observations also supported the above results. Acute toxicity study further shows that phycocyanin is relatively safe. These results led to the conclusion that phycocyanin has significant preventive effect on alloxan-injured mice. The inhibition of p53 pathway could be one of the mechanisms that led to the protection of pancreatic islets from alloxan injury. We also proposed that GK expression that functions to promote liver glycogen synthesis could be the reason for reduced blood glucose level. The encouraging results are the first step in studying the potential of phycocyanin as a clinical measure in preventing diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2549
|
Banach M, Hering D, Narkiewicz K, Mysliwiec M, Rysz J, Malyszko J. Lipids, Blood Pressure, Kidney-what was New in 2012? INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.659.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
2550
|
Hagnäs MP, Cederberg H, Mikkola I, Ikäheimo TM, Jokelainen J, Laakso M, Härkönen P, Peitso A, Rajala U, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. Reduction in metabolic syndrome among obese young men is associated with exercise-induced body composition changes during military service. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:312-9. [PMID: 23010560 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A population-based study of 1046 young Finnish men was performed to evaluate whether body composition changes observed during military service are associated with a reduction in prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and whether the effect is body mass index (BMI)-dependent. METHODS A prospective study of 1046 men (mean age 19.2 years, SD 1.0), with follow-up during 6-12 months of military service in northern Finland. Anthropometry, body composition, biochemical measurements and physical fitness were assessed at baseline and follow-up. MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federations (IDF) criterion, continuous MetS Z-score calculated, and changes evaluated in BMI categories. RESULTS Prevalence of MetS at baseline and follow-up was 6.1% and 3.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Prevalence of MetS decreased by 40% (p < 0.001) among the obese young men (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)). Reduction in the MetS Z-score was mainly attributable to weight loss and reduced fat mass (p < 0.001) and improvement in physical fitness (muscle fitness index, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Beneficial exercise-induced changes in body composition significantly reduced the prevalence of MetS among young, obese men. Our findings support the efficacy of increased physical activity for prevention of early-onset cardiovascular disease, particularly among overweight and obese young men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Hagnäs
- University of Oulu, Institute of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|