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Burgner DP, Sabin MA, Magnussen CG, Cheung M, Sun C, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lehtimäki T, Jokinen E, Laitinen T, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT, Juonala M. Early childhood hospitalisation with infection and subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:496-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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D'Adamo E, Guardamagna O, Chiarelli F, Bartuli A, Liccardo D, Ferrari F, Nobili V. Atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:912047. [PMID: 25663838 PMCID: PMC4309297 DOI: 10.1155/2015/912047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity when associated with serum lipoprotein changes triggers atherosclerosis. Evidences suggest that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and that the extent of early atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries can be associated with lipoprotein levels and obesity. Furthermore, many studies in childhood demonstrate an important relationship between parameters of insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution, and the development of lipid abnormalities. This review focuses on the most recent findings on the relationship between obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebe D'Adamo
- Unit of Pediatrics, Hospital of Cremona, Largo Priori 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- *Ebe D'Adamo:
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Department of Health Science and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via Dei Vestini 5, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare and Genetic Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Hepatometabolic Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Pediatric Department, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Hepatometabolic Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00135 Rome, Italy
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Lee HY, Kim JC, Choi MS, Chang DS, Kim AY, Cho CS. Therapeutic effect of combined steroid-lipoprostaglandin E1 for sudden hearing loss: a propensity score-matched analysis. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:52-6. [PMID: 25456516 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to analyze the synergistic effect of combined steroid-lipoprostaglandin E1 for the treatment of sudden hearing loss. METHODS A prospective observational, non-randomized study with a historical cohort was performed at a university hospital. Between 2005 and 2012, 421 patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss were enrolled in this study and treated with combined steroid-lipoprostaglandin E1 treatment. Additionally, 132 patients were prospectively enrolled and treated with steroid treatment alone between January 2013 and March 2014. After performing a propensity score-matched analysis, final hearing levels and the degree of recovery were compared according to treatment options. RESULTS A total of 240 patients were enrolled after propensity score-matching, with 180 patients classified as combined steroid-lipoprostaglandin E1 treatment group (group I) and 60 patients as steroid treatment alone group (group II). The final hearing level (35.56±34.64dB) in group I was not significantly different from that in group II (34.64±24.67dB) (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the combined treatment did not influence recovery, and the probability of recovery was 1.881 times higher in the absence of dizziness (95% confidence interval: 1.022-3.464, p=0.042), and 1.026 times higher in patients with better hearing in healthy ears (95% confidence interval: 1.010-1.041, p=0.001). CONCLUSION Compared to steroid treatment alone, combined steroid-lipoprostaglandin E1 treatment failed to improve sudden hearing loss.
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Fouzas S, Karatza AA, Davlouros PA, Chrysis D, Alexopoulos D, Mantagos S, Dimitriou G. Heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction. Early Hum Dev 2014; 90:857-62. [PMID: 25463832 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with structural and functional cardiac alterations but the electrophysiological consequences of these disturbances remain unknown. AIMS To explore the distribution of ventricular repolarization and its relation to myocardial mechanics in newborns with IUGR. STUDY DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic data, and electrocardiographic parameters used to describe the distribution of ventricular repolarization (dispersion of QT [QTd] and JT [JTd]), were obtained on the second (D2) and fifth (D5) postnatal day and compared between 25 IUGR newborns and 25 matched-for-gestational age controls. RESULTS IUGR was associated with relative interventricular septum hypertrophy, increased left ventricular (LV) E/E' ratio and higher LV myocardial performance index (MPI). On both study days, the IUGR infants presented higher QTd and JTd compared to controls (QTd-D2: 66±20 ms vs. 36±12 ms, P<0.001; JTd-D2: 54±13 ms vs. 34±9 ms, P<0.001; QTd-D5: 61±14 ms vs. 27±12 ms, P<0.001; JTd-D5: 54±13 ms vs. 27±9 ms, P<0.001). The association between QTd and LV E/E' (D2: regression coefficient beta 0.747, R(2) 0.585; D5: beta 0.843, R(2) 0.646) and QTd and MPI (D2: beta 0.680, R(2) 0.576; D5: beta 0.698, R(2) 0.650) was also significant (P<0.001 for all analyses). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IUGR is associated with electrophysiological remodeling of the neonatal heart, a process which is closely related to the underlying alterations in ventricular mechanics and might predispose to adverse electrophysiological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Fouzas
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece.
| | - Ageliki A Karatza
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece; Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Periklis A Davlouros
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionisios Chrysis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Alexopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Mantagos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Gabriel Dimitriou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras and University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
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Huang H, Jiang X, Dong Y, Zhang X, Ding N, Liu J, Hutchinson SZ, Lu G, Zhang X. Adiponectin alleviates genioglossal mitochondrial dysfunction in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109284. [PMID: 25329318 PMCID: PMC4203718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genioglossal dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia syndrome (OSAHS) characterized by nocturnal chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). The pathophysiology of genioglossal dysfunction and possible targeted pharmacotherapy for alleviation of genioglossal injury in CIH require further investigation. Methodology/Principal Findings Rats in the control group were exposed to normal air, while rats in the CIH group and CIH+adiponectin (AD) group were exposed to the same CIH condition (CIH 8 hr/day for 5 successive weeks). Furthermore, rats in CIH+AD group were administrated intravenous AD supplementation at the dosage of 10 µg, twice a week for 5 consecutive weeks. We found that CIH-induced genioglossus (GG) injury was correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in the numbers of mitochondrias, impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure, and a reduction in type I fibers. Compared with the CIH group, impaired mitochondrial structure and function was significantly improved and a percentage of type I fiber was elevated in the CIH+AD group. Moreover, compared with the control group, the rats’ GG in the CIH group showed a significant decrease in phosphorylation of LKB1, AMPK, and PGC1-α, whereas there was significant rescue of such reduction in phosphorylation within the CIH+AD group. Conclusions CIH exposure reduces mitochondrial biogenesis and impairs mitochondrial function in GG, while AD supplementation increases mitochondrial contents and alleviates CIH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction possibly through the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Huang
- Department of Respirology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiufeng Jiang
- Department of Respirology, Nanjing Medical University affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jangsu Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Gan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jangsu Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XLZ); (GL)
| | - Xilong Zhang
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XLZ); (GL)
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256
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McCartney DMA, Byrne DG, Turner MJ. Dietary contributors to hypertension in adults reviewed. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 184:81-90. [PMID: 25150713 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-014-1181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent national surveys which measured respondents' blood pressure (BP) levels have shown a high prevalence of hypertension amongst the Irish population, with approximately two-thirds of men and over half of women aged 45 years and over affected. Higher prevalence rates are observed with advancing age. Established diet- and lifestyle-related risk factors for hypertension such as high salt intake, high alcohol consumption and physical inactivity are pervasive in Ireland and are believed to contribute significantly to the high national prevalence of this condition. Additional dietary deficits have been implicated in the development of hypertension, however, including low fruit and vegetable intake, low dairy food consumption and low intake of oily fish. Deficiencies of single micro-nutrients such as folate, riboflavin, vitamin C and vitamin D have also been recently recognised as risk factors for hypertension. For each of these factors, there is evidence that the food and nutrient intakes of many Irish adults fall short of the ideal. These dietary and nutritional deficits, when superimposed on Ireland's existing health-subversive behaviours and escalating rates of obesity, constitute a potent constellation of risk factors for hypertension. However, they also represent viable and potentially effective targets for health promotion initiatives. This review aims to describe the main nutritional, dietary and lifestyle contributors to hypertension in Ireland with a view to informing future interventions aimed at alleviating Ireland's burden of hypertensive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M A McCartney
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland,
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257
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Eikendal ALM, den Ruijter HM, Uiterwaal CSPM, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, de Kleijn DPV, Schoneveld AH, Leiner T, Bots ML, Visseren FLJ, Evelein AMV. Extracellular vesicle protein CD14 relates to common carotid intima-media thickness in eight-year-old children. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:270-6. [PMID: 25108076 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a process that begins in childhood, develops over decades and underlies the majority of cardiovascular events in adulthood. Previously, we demonstrated in adults with cardiovascular disease that levels of extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins CD14, Serpin F2 and cystatin C predict vascular outcome. Here, we study for the first time whether these EV proteins are related to vascular characteristics in healthy, young children. METHODS AND RESULTS In 141 eight-year old children of the Wheezing-Illnesses-Studie-LEidsche-Rijn birth cohort, anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured. In addition, common carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility and carotid Young's elastic modulus were obtained non-invasively using ultrasound imaging. A fasting lipid spectrum was obtained and EVs were isolated from plasma. Levels of EV proteins CD14, Serpin F2 and cystatin C were measured using a multiplex assay. In a multivariable linear regression model we assessed the relation between these EV proteins and the selected vascular characteristics. Of the studied EV proteins, CD14 levels were positively related to common carotid intima-media thickness (log transformed, beta = 7.31 ln(mm)/(ng/mg) (1.24, 13.38), p = 0.02). EV proteins Serpin F2 and cystatin C were not related to common carotid intima-media thickness. In addition, we found no relation between all three EV proteins and carotid distensibility or carotid Young's elastic modulus. CONCLUSION In healthy eight-year old children, extracellular vesicle protein CD14 levels seem positively related to common carotid intima-media thickness. This would point towards inflammatory vascular alterations inflicted by extracellular vesicle protein CD14 already in early life and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk L M Eikendal
- Department of Radiology, E.01.132, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, National University Singapore & Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Arjan H Schoneveld
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, E.01.132, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemieke M V Evelein
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Clark ML, Utz SW. Social determinants of type 2 diabetes and health in the United States. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:296-304. [PMID: 24936251 PMCID: PMC4058734 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. To date, most research and resulting clinical strategies have focused on the individual with short-term health improvements that have not been maintained over time. Researchers more recently have recognized the need to consider the social determinants of diabetes and health along with individual factors. The purpose of this literature review is to examine current understanding of the social determinants affecting diabetes and health. A search of medical and nursing literature was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases, selecting articles published between 2000 and 2013. Search terms included: type 2 diabetes, social determinants, and health determinants. Inclusion criteria were: English language, human studies, social determinants of diabetes and health, and research in the United States. Additional search methods included reference chaining of the literature. Twenty research articles met the inclusion criteria for the review and analysis and included quantitative and qualitative methods. All studies selected for this review were descriptive in nature (n = 20). Fifteen studies were quantitative studies and five were qualitative studies. No intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Each study is summarized and critiqued. Study findings indicate that external or upstream factors consistently affect individuals diagnosed with diabetes, influencing self-management. Significant methodological limitations result directly from small sample sizes, convenience or nonprobability sampling, and low statistical power.
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Miniello VL, Faienza MF, Scicchitano P, Cortese F, Gesualdo M, Zito A, Basile M, Recchia P, Leogrande D, Viola D, Giordano P, Ciccone MM. Insulin resistance and endothelial function in children and adolescents. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:343-7. [PMID: 24794964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio: novel markers for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:702807. [PMID: 24891755 PMCID: PMC4033535 DOI: 10.1155/2014/702807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background. We aim to provide useful evidence about the association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and its possibility of emerging as a cheap, reliable, and independent prognostic marker of ISSNHL. Methods. 348 patients diagnosed with ISSNHL were included in our retrospective data analysis. Blood samples and the hearing assessments of the patients were carried out. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups as “recovered” and “unrecovered” according to their response to the treatment. Results. Both mean NLR and PLR values of the ISSNHL patients were significantly higher than the control group (both P < 0.001). The NLR value was 5.98 ± 4.22 in the unrecovered group and 3.50 ± 3.38 in the recovered group (P < 0.001). After adjustment in a binary logistic regression model, only NLR value was associated with the recovery of ISSNHL (P = 0.001). Discussion. We demonstrated for the first time that NLR and PLR values were significantly high in ISSNHL patients. Also the NLR level might be taken into account as a novel potential marker to predict the patients' prognosis in terms of recovery.
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Scicchitano P, Cameli M, Maiello M, Modesti PA, Muiesan ML, Novo S, Palmiero P, Saba PS, Pedrinelli R, Ciccone MM. Nutraceuticals and dyslipidaemia: Beyond the common therapeutics. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Erkan A, Beriat G, Ekici B, Doğan C, Kocatürk S, Töre H. Link between angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease and degree of sensorineural hearing loss. Herz 2013; 40:481-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-013-4020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A reduction in hearing sensitivity is common in adults and was previously considered to be normal as age increases. However, other health variables may play a role in the sensory changes. This prospective, comparative, hospital-based study assessed the risk factors (RFs) associated with sensorineural hearing losses (SNHL) in adult patients in a specialized tertiary hospital clinic in South-western Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with clinical diagnosis of hearing impairment (bilateral SNHL) were the test subjects and age and sex-matched comparable group without SNHL were the Controls. Using a structured questionnaire, variables assessed included current and past medical history, family and social history, use of medications including ototoxic drugs, and prolonged medications. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven patients participated in the study comprising of 76 test subjects with SNHL (including 14 with suspected ARHL) and 51 controls. 59.8% of the participants were males. Univariate analysis revealed statistically-significant differences in family history, alcohol consumption, smoking, exposure to noise, previous ear discharge, previous head injury, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, ototoxic drugs usage, prolonged medication and obesity between the two categories of subjects. Logistic regression analysis revealed family history, smoking, noise exposure, head injury, hypertension had significantly increased odds of developing SNHL. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the RFs for SNHL in adult Nigerians were multifactorial while some of the RFs may be amenable to primary prevention. Legislation and public health education could facilitate reduction of SNHL in our community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Ayodele Sogebi
- ENT Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria
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Masuda M, Kanzaki J. Cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: The stress response theory. World J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 3:42-57. [DOI: 10.5319/wjo.v3.i3.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress response theory is a relatively new concept about the cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISHL). A number of possible etiologies have been proposed in the literature, as discussed in this paper, but each proposed etiology has been both supported and refuted in the literature. However, the stress response theory can integrate hypotheses that have been advocated so far. The word “stress” refers to a constellation of physical and psychological stimuli including systemic viral and bacterial illness, systemic inflammatory disorders, and physical, mental or metabolic stress. Numerous studies have demonstrated adverse effects of systemic stress on health. Stress causes changes in the immune system and cytokine network through activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Several types of catecholamine and cytokine receptors are in the cochlea cells other than capillary cells, and then they can respond to systemic stressors. However, there are few studies examining how systemic stress is associated with cochlear dysfunction. The stress response theory addresses this question. In the theory, a variety of stressors and risk factors contribute to the onset of ISHL in varying degrees. The lateral wall of the cochlea has very unique responses to systemic stressors. It plays a critical role in causing ISHL. Systemic stressors converge at the lateral wall and trigger pathological activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, a transcriptional factor known as a stress sensor. This activation enhances local expression of genes associated with immune and inflammatory system, resulting in cochlear dysfunction. We review the original stress response theory advocated by Adams et al and the integrative stress response theory that integrates our knowledge about the etiologies of ISHL so far.
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Weng T, Devine EE, Xu H, Yan Z, Dong P. A clinical study of serum lipid disturbance in Chinese patients with sudden deafness. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:95. [PMID: 23819577 PMCID: PMC3716951 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological levels of blood lipids could be one of the causes of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The objective of this manuscript is therefore to evaluate the relationship between blood lipid content and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods The correlation between serum lipid parameters, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (apo AI), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and lipoprotein A (Lp(a)), and the onset of SSNHL was analyzed from a data set of 250 patients and an age, gender and weight matched control group of 250 subjects. Results The result of single factor logistic regression shows that TC (p<0.01), LDL-C (p<0.01), and apo B (p=0.03) of SSNHL group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The odds ratio of TC, LDL, and apo B are higher than 1, while the confidence intervals of the odds rations do not include 1. No significant difference was found with the prevalence of hypertension (P=0.818), diabetes (P=0.869) and smoking habits (P=0.653) between SSNHL group and control group. Conclusion Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations may be important factors in the pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and should be assessed during the investigation of patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
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White matter hyperintensities predict low frequency hearing in older adults. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2013; 14:425-33. [PMID: 23512682 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-013-0381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease has been proposed as a contributing factor for presbyacusis (age-related hearing loss). While this hypothesis is supported by pathological evidence of vascular decline in post-mortem human and animal studies, evidence in human subjects has been mixed with associations typically reported between a measure of vascular health and low frequency hearing in older women. Given the difficulty of characterizing the in vivo health of the cochlear artery in humans, an estimate of cerebral small vessel disease was used to test the prediction that age-related change in low frequency hearing and not high frequency hearing is related to a global decline in vascular health. We examined the extent to which these associations were specific to women and influenced by a history of high blood pressure in 72 older adults (mean age 67.12 years, SD = 8.79). Probability estimates of periventricular white matter hyperintensities (WMH) from T1- and fluid attenuated T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were significantly associated with a low frequency hearing metric across the sample, which were independent of age, but driven by women and people with a history of high blood pressure. These results support the premise that vascular declines are one mechanism underlying age-related changes in low frequency hearing.
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