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Wilde MAD, Eising JB, Gunning MN, Koster MPH, Evelein AMV, Dalmeijer GW, Uiterwaal CSPM, Eijkemans MJC, Ent CKVD, Meijboom FJ, Fauser BCJM. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health of 74 Children From Women Previously Diagnosed With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Comparison With a Population-Based Reference Cohort. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1492-1500. [PMID: 29320957 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117749761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have compromised cardiovascular health profiles and an increased risk of pregnancy complications. In order to evaluate potential consequences, we aim to compare the cardiovascular and metabolic health of the children from women with PCOS with a population-based reference cohort. We included children from women with PCOS between the age of 2.5 to 4 years (n = 42) and 6 to 8 years (n = 32). The reference groups consisted of 168 (3-4 years old) and 130 children (7-8 years old). In an extensive cardiovascular screening program, we measured anthropometrics and blood pressure (all children), heart function and vascular rigidity (young children), metabolic laboratory assessment and carotid intima thickness (old age-group). Results showed that young PCOS offspring have a significantly lower diastolic blood pressure (β = 2.3 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.5-4.0]) and higher aortic pulse pressure (β = -1.4 [95% CI: -2.5 to -0.2]), compared to the reference population. Furthermore, a higher left ventricle internal diameter but a lower tissue Doppler imaging of the right wall in systole compared to the reference group was found. Older offspring of women with PCOS presented with a significantly lower breast and abdominal circumference, but higher triglycerides (β = -0.1 [95% CI: -0.2 to -0.1]), LDL-cholesterol (β = -0.4 [95% CI: -0.6 to -0.1]), and higher carotid intima-media thickness (β = -31.7 [95% CI: -46.6 to -16.9]) compared to the reference group. In conclusion, we observe subtle but distinct cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities already at an early age in PCOS offspring compared to a population-based reference group, despite a lower diastolic blood pressure, breast, and abdominal circumference. These preliminary findings require confirmation in independent data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke A de Wilde
- 1 Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobien B Eising
- 2 Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlise N Gunning
- 1 Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria P H Koster
- 1 Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M V Evelein
- 3 Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geertje W Dalmeijer
- 3 Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- 3 Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J C Eijkemans
- 1 Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,3 Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- 2 Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert J Meijboom
- 4 Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart C J M Fauser
- 1 Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lipstein N, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Michelassi FE, Calloway N, van Hasselt PM, Pienkowska K, van Haaften G, van Haelst MM, van Empelen R, Cuppen I, van Teeseling HC, Evelein AMV, Vorstman JA, Thoms S, Jahn O, Duran KJ, Monroe GR, Ryan TA, Taschenberger H, Dittman JS, Rhee JS, Visser G, Jans JJ, Brose N. Synaptic UNC13A protein variant causes increased neurotransmission and dyskinetic movement disorder. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1005-1018. [PMID: 28192369 DOI: 10.1172/jci90259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Munc13 proteins are essential regulators of neurotransmitter release at nerve cell synapses. They mediate the priming step that renders synaptic vesicles fusion-competent, and their genetic elimination causes a complete block of synaptic transmission. Here we have described a patient displaying a disorder characterized by a dyskinetic movement disorder, developmental delay, and autism. Using whole-exome sequencing, we have shown that this condition is associated with a rare, de novo Pro814Leu variant in the major human Munc13 paralog UNC13A (also known as Munc13-1). Electrophysiological studies in murine neuronal cultures and functional analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that the UNC13A variant causes a distinct dominant gain of function that is characterized by increased fusion propensity of synaptic vesicles, which leads to increased initial synaptic vesicle release probability and abnormal short-term synaptic plasticity. Our study underscores the critical importance of fine-tuned presynaptic control in normal brain function. Further, it adds the neuronal Munc13 proteins and the synaptic vesicle priming process that they control to the known etiological mechanisms of psychiatric and neurological synaptopathies.
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Daan NMP, Koster MPH, de Wilde MA, Dalmeijer GW, Evelein AMV, Fauser BCJM, de Jager W. Biomarker Profiles in Women with PCOS and PCOS Offspring; A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165033. [PMID: 27806063 PMCID: PMC5091782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study metabolic/inflammatory biomarker risk profiles in women with PCOS and PCOS offspring. Design Cross-sectional comparison of serum biomarkers. Setting University Medical Center Utrecht. Patients Hyperandrogenic PCOS women (HA-PCOS, n = 34), normoandrogenic PCOS women (NA-PCOS, n = 34), non-PCOS reference population (n = 32), PCOS offspring (n = 14, age 6–8 years), and a paedriatic reference population (n = 30). Main Outcome Measure(s) Clustering profile of adipocytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, chemerin, resistin, RBP4, DPP-IV/sCD26, CCL2/MCP-1), growth factors (PIGF, VEGF, sVEGF-R1), soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1/sCD54, sVCAM-1/sCD106), and other inflammatory related proteases (MMP-9, S100A8, Cathepsin S). Differences in median biomarker concentrations between groups, and associations with the free androgen index (FAI; Testosterone/SHBG x100). Results The cluster analysis identified leptin, RBP-4, DPP-IV and adiponectin as potential discriminative markers for HA-PCOS with a specifically strong correlation in cases with increased BMI. Leptin (R2 = 0.219) and adiponectin (R2 = 0.182) showed the strongest correlation with the FAI. When comparing median protein concentrations adult PCOS women with or without hyperandrogenemia, the most profound differences were observed for leptin (P < 0.001), DPP-IV (P = 0.005), and adiponectin (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, BMI and multiple testing attenuated all differences. In PCOS offspring, MMP-9 (P = 0.001) and S100A8 (P < 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher compared to a healthy matched reference population, even after correcting for age and BMI and adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusion In this preliminary investigation we observed significant differences in adipocytokines between women with or without hyperandrogenic PCOS and non-PCOS controls, mostly influenced by BMI. Leptin and adiponectin showed the strongest correlation with the FAI in adult women with PCOS. In PCOS offspring other inflammatory biomarkers (MMP-9, S100A8) were increased, suggesting that these children may exhibit increased chronic low-grade inflammation. Additional research is required to confirm results of the current exploratory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M. P. Daan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria P. H. Koster
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlieke A. de Wilde
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdien W. Dalmeijer
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M. V. Evelein
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart C. J. M. Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Eikendal ALM, Evelein AMV, Uiterwaal CSPM, van der Ent CK, Visseren FLJ, Bots ML, Hoefer IE, den Ruijter HM, Dalmeijer GW. Relation Between Circulating Inflammatory Chemokines and Vascular Characteristics in Healthy, Young Children. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.002346. [PMID: 26675251 PMCID: PMC4845277 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis begins in childhood with the occurrence of inflammatory vascular wall alterations that are detectable with B‐mode ultrasound. Chemokines appear to be involved in the development of these alterations given that they occur early in the atherosclerotic pathway as mediators of vascular inflammation. However, this has not extensively been investigated. Therefore, we studied in healthy young children whether chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules (VCAM and ICAM) related to vascular characteristics of the carotid artery. Methods and Results We obtained demography, anthropometry, and overnight fasting plasma of 139 eight‐year‐old children of the Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn birth cohort. Carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT), distensibility, and Young's Elastic Modulus (YEM) of the common carotid artery were measured sonographically. Chemokine plasma levels were assessed using a multiplex assay. We studied the relation between the chemokines and vascular characteristics using multivariable linear regression analyses with adjustments for sex, systolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein‐ and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol. Of the studied chemokines, RANTES related to common carotid distensibility and YEM. One standard deviation increase in RANTES level related to a 5.45‐MPA−1 (95% confidence interval [CI], −9.43, −1.39; P=0.01) decrease in distensibility and to a 5.55‐kPa increase in YEM (95% CI, 0.40, 10.85; P=0.03). RANTES did not relate to CIMT. MCP‐1, VCAM, and ICAM did not relate to any of the studied vascular characteristics. Conclusion RANTES appears to be involved in the development of preatherosclerotic inflammatory vascular alterations already in healthy, young children. This may provide further insight into the early‐life origins of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk L M Eikendal
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (A.M.E.)
| | - Annemieke M V Evelein
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (A.V.E., C.K.E.)
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.M.U., M.L.B., G.W.D.)
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (A.V.E., C.K.E.)
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.J.V.)
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.M.U., M.L.B., G.W.D.)
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.E.H., H.M.R.)
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (I.E.H., H.M.R.)
| | - Geertje W Dalmeijer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (C.M.U., M.L.B., G.W.D.)
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Evelein AMV, Visseren FLJ, van der Ent CK, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM. Allergies are associated with arterial changes in young children. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1480-7. [PMID: 25301873 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314554863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is important in atherosclerosis development. Whether common causes of inflammation, such as allergies and infections, already exert this influence in early childhood is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between both allergies and infections with children's vasculature. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study in a general population cohort. METHODS In 390 five-year-olds of the WHISTLER (Wheezing-Illnesses-Study-LEidsche-Rijn) birth cohort, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and arterial stiffness were obtained ultrasonographically. Physician-diagnosed allergies and infections and recent prescriptions of systemic antihistamines and antibiotics were obtained, as well as parental history of allergies. General linear regression was performed with vascular characteristics as dependent variables and measures of inflammation as independent variables. RESULTS Having both a positive parental history of allergy and an allergy diagnosis showed 15.0 µm (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3-27.8, p = 0.02) larger CIMT than not having such history and diagnosis. Having a positive parental history of allergy only showed 11.9 µm (0.87-23.0, p = 0.04) larger CIMT. Recent use of antihistamines and antibiotics showed 18.8 µm (1.6-35.9, p = 0.03) and 16.1 µm (4.5-27.7, p = 0.01) larger CIMT, respectively. Childhood infections were not clearly related to vascular parameters. Neither allergy nor infections were associated with arterial stiffness. CONCLUSION An allergic predisposition is already associated with thicker arterial walls in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M V Evelein
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Eikendal ALM, den Ruijter HM, Uiterwaal CSPM, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, de Kleijn DPV, Schoneveld AH, Leiner T, Bots ML, Visseren FLJ, Evelein AMV. Extracellular vesicle protein CD14 relates to common carotid intima-media thickness in eight-year-old children. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:270-6. [PMID: 25108076 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a process that begins in childhood, develops over decades and underlies the majority of cardiovascular events in adulthood. Previously, we demonstrated in adults with cardiovascular disease that levels of extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins CD14, Serpin F2 and cystatin C predict vascular outcome. Here, we study for the first time whether these EV proteins are related to vascular characteristics in healthy, young children. METHODS AND RESULTS In 141 eight-year old children of the Wheezing-Illnesses-Studie-LEidsche-Rijn birth cohort, anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured. In addition, common carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility and carotid Young's elastic modulus were obtained non-invasively using ultrasound imaging. A fasting lipid spectrum was obtained and EVs were isolated from plasma. Levels of EV proteins CD14, Serpin F2 and cystatin C were measured using a multiplex assay. In a multivariable linear regression model we assessed the relation between these EV proteins and the selected vascular characteristics. Of the studied EV proteins, CD14 levels were positively related to common carotid intima-media thickness (log transformed, beta = 7.31 ln(mm)/(ng/mg) (1.24, 13.38), p = 0.02). EV proteins Serpin F2 and cystatin C were not related to common carotid intima-media thickness. In addition, we found no relation between all three EV proteins and carotid distensibility or carotid Young's elastic modulus. CONCLUSION In healthy eight-year old children, extracellular vesicle protein CD14 levels seem positively related to common carotid intima-media thickness. This would point towards inflammatory vascular alterations inflicted by extracellular vesicle protein CD14 already in early life and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk L M Eikendal
- Department of Radiology, E.01.132, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, National University Singapore & Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Arjan H Schoneveld
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, G02.523, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, E.01.132, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemieke M V Evelein
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Eising JB, van der Ent CK, Evelein AMV, Uiterwaal CSPM. The association between lung function and arterial stiffness in young childhood. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:530-2. [PMID: 24833767 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00006814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobien B Eising
- Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M V Evelein
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Idris NS, Evelein AMV, Geerts CC, Sastroasmoro S, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM. Effect of physical activity on vascular characteristics in young children. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:656-64. [PMID: 24526797 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314524869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has long been proposed as an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in adults. We assessed whether physical activity already has an effect on childhood vasculature. METHODS In the Wheezing-Illnesses-Study-in-Leidsche-Rijn birth cohort, we performed vascular ultrasound to measure carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and functional properties (distensibility, elastic modulus) at 5 and 8 years of age. Child typical physical activities were inquired using a questionnaire completed by parents. Linear regression was used with physical activity level, expressed as a standardized value of time-weighted metabolic equivalent (MET) as the independent variable and vascular properties as dependent variables with further confounder adjustment and evaluation for possible body mass index and sex effect modifications. RESULTS In 595 5-year-old children and in 237 of those who had reached the age of 8 years, we did not find statistically significant associations between total time-weighted MET and each vascular parameter, neither in pooled nor stratified analysis. However, sport activities were associated with thinner cIMT (-3.20 µm/SD, 95% CI -6.34, -0.22, p = 0.04) at 5 years of age; a similar pattern was seen for organized sport. This effect was strongest in children in the highest body mass index tertile (-5.38 µm/SD, 95% CI -10.54, -0.19, p = 0.04). At the age of 8 years, higher sport level tended to be associated with higher vascular distensibility (2.64 × 10(3) kPa/SD, 95% CI -0.18, 5.45, p = 0.07) although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Sport activity may have beneficial effects on arteries of young children, particularly those with higher relative body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikmah S Idris
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Eising JB, Uiterwaal CSPM, Evelein AMV, Visseren FLJ, van der Ent CK. Relationship between leptin and lung function in young healthy children. Eur Respir J 2013; 43:1189-92. [PMID: 24311767 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00149613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobien B Eising
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
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Evelein AMV, Visseren FLJ, van der Ent CK, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM. Excess early postnatal weight gain leads to thicker and stiffer arteries in young children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:794-801. [PMID: 23284005 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although early life growth pattern is associated with cardiovascular disease later in life, it is unknown whether vascular changes associated with excess early weight gain already occur in early childhood. METHODS In the Wheezing-Illnesses-Study-Leidsche-Rijn (WHISTLER) birth cohort, weight and height from birth to 3 months of age were used to calculate Z-scores of individual weight and length gain rates. In the first 333 children who turned 5 years old, intima-media thickness, distensibility, and elastic modulus of the carotid artery were measured ultrasonographically. The association between weight gain rate for length gain rate (WLG), as a measure of excess weight gain, and vascular characteristics was assessed by generalized linear modeling. Interaction between birth size and WLG was tested. RESULTS Per 1 SD increase in WLG, carotid intima-media thickness was 5.1 μm (95% confidence interval, 1.0-9.2; P value = .01) higher (adjusted for age, gender, current height, and observer). The thinner the children were at birth, the stiffer the arteries were with increasing WLG (interaction between birth size and WLG-distensibility: P = .04; elastic modulus: P = .03). CONCLUSION Excess early postnatal weight gain leads to vascular changes already in early childhood, characterized by thicker arterial walls. In children who are relatively thin at birth, excess early postnatal weight gain also leads to stiffer arteries. This supports the view that cardiovascular disease risk is associated with growth pattern early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M V Evelein
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown at what age overweight starts to takes its toll on the vasculature. We studied the relation between body size measures and vascular characteristics in healthy 5-year-old children. METHODS In 306 5-year-old children from an on-going birth cohort, body size characteristics were measured, including sonographic measurement of abdominal fat. Ultrasonographic measurements of the carotid artery were performed to obtain intima-media thickness (CIMT), arterial wall distensibility, and elastic modulus (EM). RESULTS Increased body-weight was related to thicker CIMT (linear regression coefficient 2.25 μm/kg; P = 0.003), increased EM (2.73 kPa/kg; P = 0.01), and lower distensibility (-1.23 MPa(-1)/kg; P = 0.03). Similar relations were found for increased BMI with CIMT and EM. Increased intra-abdominal fat was related to thicker CIMT (9.19 μm/cm; P = 0.02), and increased waist circumference with thicker CIMT (2.17 μm/cm; P = 0.02), lower distensibility (-1.70 MPa(-1)/cm; P = 0.01), and higher EM (2.77 kPa/cm; P = 0.02), independent of BMI. CONCLUSION For the first time it is demonstrated that increased general body mass and particularly waist circumference and intra-abdominal fat are related to thicker and stiffer arteries already early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Geerts
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Evelein AMV, Visseren FLJ, van der Ent CK, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM. Excess early postnatal weight gain leads to increased abdominal fat in young children. Int J Pediatr 2012; 2012:141656. [PMID: 22649461 PMCID: PMC3357526 DOI: 10.1155/2012/141656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Increased childhood weight gain has been associated with later adiposity. Whether excess early postnatal weight gain plays a role in childhood abdominal fat is unknown. Design. In the ongoing Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn (WHISTLER), birth cohort weight and length from birth to age 3 months were obtained. In the first 316 five-year-olds, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat were measured ultrasonographically. Individual weight and length gain rates were assessed in each child. Internal Z-scores of weight for length gain (WLG) were calculated. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing covariates. Results. Per-1-unit increase in Z-score WLG from birth to 3 months, BMI, waist circumference, and subcutaneous fat were significantly higher; 0.51 kg/m(2), 0.84 cm, and 0.50 mm, respectively. After multiple imputation, a trend towards significance was observed for intra-abdominal fat as well (0.51 mm/SD). In the associations with 5-year adiposity, no interaction between postnatal Z-score WLG and birth size was found. Conclusion. Excess early postnatal weight gain is associated with increased general and central adiposity, characterized by more subcutaneous and likely more intra-abdominal fat at 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M. V. Evelein
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85060, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L. J. Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K. van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85090, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E. Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85060, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85060, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van der Gugten AC, Koopman M, Evelein AMV, Verheij TJM, Uiterwaal CSPM, van der Ent CK. Rapid early weight gain is associated with wheeze and reduced lung function in childhood. Eur Respir J 2011; 39:403-10. [PMID: 21852338 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00188310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the association between rapid weight gain in the first 3 months of life and the prevalence of wheeze in the first years of life and lung function at 5 yrs of age. The infants selected were participating in an ongoing birth cohort. Information on growth and respiratory symptoms was collected during the first year of life, and on primary care consultations during total follow-up. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75%)) were measured at 5 yrs of age. Information on growth and respiratory symptoms was obtained for 1,431 infants, out of whom 235 children had already had 5 yrs of follow-up. Every one-point z-score increase in weight gain resulted in a 37% increase in days with wheeze (incidence rate ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.27-1.47; p<0.001) and in associated consultations by 16% (incidence rate ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.34; p=0.04). Children with rapid weight gain reported significantly more physician-diagnosed asthma. FEV(1) and FEF(25-75%) were reduced by 34 mL (adjusted regression coefficient -0.034, 95% CI -0.056- -0.013; p=0.002) and 82 mL (adjusted regression coefficient -0.082, 95% CI -0.140- -0.024; p=0.006) per every one-point z-score increase in weight gain, respectively. These associations were independent of birthweight. Rapid early weight gain is a risk factor for clinically relevant wheezing illnesses in the first years of life and lower lung function in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C van der Gugten
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology, Room KH.01.419.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Evelein AMV, Geerts CC, Visseren FLJ, Bots ML, van der Ent CK, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM. The association between breastfeeding and the cardiovascular system in early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:712-8. [PMID: 21310835 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is suggested to have beneficial effects on children's health and future health status. However, its cardiovascular effects in childhood and possibly later in life remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of exclusive breastfeeding in early childhood. DESIGN We used the ongoing WHeezing Illnesses STudy LEidsche Rijn (WHISTLER) birth cohort to obtain data on infant feeding. In the first 306 children who were 5 y of age, ultrasonographic measurements of the carotid artery were performed to obtain carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), distensibility, and elastic modulus. RESULTS At 5 y of age, children who had been exclusively breastfed in infancy for 3 to 6 mo had a CIMT that was 21.1 μm greater than that of exclusively formula-fed children (95% CI: 5.0, 37.2 μm; P = 0.01, adjusted for confounders). CIMT was not significantly different between children exclusively breastfed for either <3 or >6 mo and formula-fed children. In addition, no significant differences in carotid stiffness were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS The duration of exclusive breastfeeding in infancy is related to properties of the carotid arterial wall at the age of 5 y, as shown by the greater CIMT in children who were exclusively breastfed for 3 to 6 mo. This relation was independent of early growth in infancy and current cardiovascular disease risk factors. The choice of infant feeding appears to have an effect on the vascular system already in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M V Evelein
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.
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