251
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Increase of intracellular cisplatin levels and radiosensitization by ultrasound in combination with microbubbles. J Control Release 2016; 238:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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252
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A phase I study of recombinant (r) vaccinia-CEA(6D)-TRICOM and rFowlpox-CEA(6D)-TRICOM vaccines with GM-CSF and IFN-α-2b in patients with CEA-expressing carcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1353-1364. [PMID: 27581603 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prime-boost vaccination with recombinant (r) vaccinia(V)-CEA(6D)-TRICOM (triad of co-stimulatory molecules B7.1, ICAM-1 and LFA-3) and rFowlpox(F)-CEA(6D)-TRICOM infect antigen-presenting cells and direct expression of co-stimulatory molecules. We hypothesized that co-administration of vaccine with GM-CSF and interferon alpha (IFN-α) would have efficacy in CEA-expressing cancers. Patients with CEA-expressing cancers received the rV-CEA(6D)-TRICOM vaccine subcutaneously (s.c.) on day 1 followed by GM-CSF s.c. to the injection site on days 1-4. In Cycle 1, patients received thrice weekly s.c. injections of IFN-α-2b the week after rV-CEA(6D)-TRICOM. In Cycles 2-4, patients received thrice weekly s.c. injections of IFN-α-2b the same week that rF-CEA(6D)-TRICOM was given. The first cohort received no IFN followed by dose escalation of IFN-α in subsequent cohorts. Thirty-three patients were accrued (mean 59.8 years). Grade 3 toxicities included fatigue and hyperglycemia. Grade 4-5 adverse events (unrelated to treatment) were confusion (1), elevated aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) (1), and sudden death (1). No patients had a partial response, and eight patients exhibited stable disease of ≥3 months. Median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 1.8 and 6.3 months, respectively. Significantly higher serum CD27 levels were observed after vaccine therapy (p = 0.006 post 1-2 cycles, p = 0.003 post 3 cycles, p = 0.03 post 4-7 cycles) and 42 % of patients assayed developed CEA-specific T cell responses. Pre-treatment levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlated with overall survival (p = 0.04). Administration of IFN-α led to significantly increased OS (p = 0.02) compared to vaccine alone. While the vaccine regimen produced no clinical responses, IFN-α administration was associated with improved survival.
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253
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Kachuri L, Latifovic L, Liu G, Hung RJ. Systematic Review of Genetic Variation in Chromosome 5p15.33 and Telomere Length as Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1537-1549. [PMID: 27566420 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Known histomolecular characteristics and genomic profiles provide limited insight into factors influencing patient outcomes. Telomere length (TL) is important for genomic integrity and has been a growing area of interest as agents targeting telomerase are being evaluated. Chromosome 5p15.33, an established cancer susceptibility locus, contains a telomerase-regulatory gene, TERT, and CLPTM1L, a gene associated with cisplatin-induced apoptosis. This review offers a summary of the clinical utility of 5p15.33 polymorphisms and TL. A total of 621 abstracts were screened, and 14 studies (7 for 5p15.33, 7 for TL) were reviewed. Endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), therapy response, and toxicity. Of the 23 genetic variants identified, significant associations with OS and/or PFS were reported for rs401681 (CLPTM1L), rs4975616 (TERT-CLPTM1L), and rs2736109 (TERT). Both shorter and longer TL, in tumor and blood, was linked to OS and PFS. Overall, consistent evidence across multiple studies of 5p15.33 polymorphisms and TL was lacking. Despite the potential to become useful prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer, the limited number of reports and their methodologic limitations highlight the need for larger, carefully designed studies with clinically defined subpopulations and higher resolution genetic analyses. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1537-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kachuri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Prevention & Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lidija Latifovic
- Prevention & Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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254
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Zhou L, Wang XL, Deng QL, Du YQ, Zhao NQ. The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32020. [PMID: 27558285 PMCID: PMC4997317 DOI: 10.1038/srep32020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a novel treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Immunotherapy includes two main broad classes of therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as cytokines, biological response modifiers and cellular therapy. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different classes of immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Literature search was done on Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and grade ≥3 adverse events. Twenty randomized controlled trials were finally identified in our study. Efficacy analysis indicated an improvement of OS in advanced NSCLC patients after treating by therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors, but not for other immunomodulators. Safety analysis showed that immunotherapy was well-tolerated. All kinds of grade ≥3 adverse events were similar between experimental group and control group except that neutropenia and thrombocytopenia had a higher incidence in patients received vaccines. In conclusion, immunotherapy is a promising treatment for advanced NSCLC patients. Our findings will be further confirmed and supplemented by several phase II and phase III RCTs which are going to complete in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ling Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Long Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qiu Du
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Qing Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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255
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Roviello G, Ravelli A, Fiaschi AI, Cappelletti MR, Gobbi A, Senti C, Zanotti L, Polom K, Reynolds AR, Fox SB, Generali D. Apatinib for the treatment of gastric cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:887-92. [PMID: 27376400 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2016.1209407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apatinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, has demonstrated encouraging anti-cancer activity in gastric cancer within both in vitro and in vivo models. AREAS COVERED Apatinib's efficacy, tolerability and safety have been evaluated in one Phase II and one Phase III study in metastatic/advanced gastric cancer. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of action of apatinib, its pharmacokinetic profile and its clinical activity in the treatment of advanced/metastatic gastric cancer. Expert commentary: Unfortunately, as yet, there is no definitive biomarker data for apatinib in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.,b Unit of Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomic , ASST Cremona , Cremona , Italy
| | - Andrea Ravelli
- c Section of Experimental Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Gobbi
- b Unit of Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomic , ASST Cremona , Cremona , Italy
| | - Chiara Senti
- b Unit of Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomic , ASST Cremona , Cremona , Italy
| | - Laura Zanotti
- b Unit of Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomic , ASST Cremona , Cremona , Italy
| | - Karol Polom
- e Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience; Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- f Tumour Biology Team, Breast Cancer Now Research Centre , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK
| | - Stephen B Fox
- g Department of Pathology, Peter Mac Callum Cancer Centre, Department of Pathology , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Daniele Generali
- b Unit of Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomic , ASST Cremona , Cremona , Italy.,h Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
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256
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Kim TL, Cho MH, Sangsawang K, Bhoo SH. Fine Mutational Analysis of 2B8 and 3H7 Tag Epitopes with Corresponding Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Cells 2016; 39:460-7. [PMID: 27137090 PMCID: PMC4916397 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophytochromes are phytochrome-like light-sensing photoreceptors that use biliverdin as a chromophore. To study the biochemical properties of the Deinococcus radiodurans bacteriophytochrome (DrBphP) protein, two anti-DrBphP mouse monoclonal antibodies (2B8 and 3H7) were generated. Their specific epitopes were identified in our previous report. We present here fine epitope mapping of these two antibodies by using truncation and substitution of original epitope sequences in order to identify minimized epitope peptides. The previously reported original epitope sequences for 2B8 and 3H7 were truncated from both sides. Our analysis showed that the minimal peptide sequence lengths for 2B8 and 3H7 antibodies were nine amino acids (RDPLPFFPP) and six amino acids (PGEIEE), respectively. We further characterized these peptides in order to investigate their reactivity after single deletion and single substitution of the original peptides. We found that single-substituted 2B8 epitope (RDPLPAFPP) and dual-substituted 3H7 epitope (PGEIAD) showed significantly increased reactivity. These two antibodies with high reactivity for the short modified peptide sequences are valueble for developing new peptide tags for protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Lim Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Man-Ho Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Kanidta Sangsawang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
| | - Seong Hee Bhoo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104,
Korea
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257
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Jia ZF, Zhang SL, Cao XY, Zhou BS, Jiang J. Interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host genetic variants in gastric carcinogenesis. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2127-34. [PMID: 27324311 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the definite carcinogen of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection induces chronic inflammation, causes DNA damage and aberrant methylation of genes and these pathways are involved in H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. Polymorphisms of the genes involved in these pathways could alter susceptibility to gastric cancer. In this mini review, we focused on the role of polymorphisms in these genes on the susceptibility to gastric cancer, with a particular emphasis on their possible interactions with H. pylori infection. We found that many studies on this theme did not simultaneously report H. pylori infection and the interactions remained inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Jia
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110112, China
| | - Song-Ling Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bao-Sen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110112, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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258
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de Mello RA. TG4010 immunotherapy: a novel weapon against advanced non-small cell lung cancer? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:185. [PMID: 27275498 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.04.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade de Mello
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal ; 2 School of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; 3 Head of the Clinical Research Center (Medical Oncology/Hematology), Hospital Haroldo Juaçaba, Instituto do Câncer do Ceará (ICC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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259
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Cetuximab in combination with chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:66-70. [PMID: 26352217 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of cetuximab in the combined treatment for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M NPC). Between March 2007 and November 2011, a total of 30 R/M NPC patients treated with comprehensive therapy including cetuximab were retrospectively enrolled. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy was delivered in recurrent disease with a median dose of 60 Gy. Chemotherapy regimens included TP/TPF (docetaxel 60-75 mg/m d1+DDP 25 mg/m d1-3±5-FU 500 mg/m/day with 120-h infusion), GP (gemcitabine 1.0 g/m d1, d8+DDP 25 mg/m d1-3), and PC (paclitaxel 60 mg/m/week d1+carboplatin AUC 2/week d1). Acute and late toxicities were documented by the radiation oncologists. The median age of the patients was 44 years (range 26-62). A total of 21 patients (70%) achieved response (CR+PR). The median survival time, time to progression, and 2-year overall survival were 23.6, 12.2 months, and 53.3%, respectively. Cetuximab appears to be effective and well tolerated when combined with chemoradiation therapy for the treatment of R/M NPC.
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260
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Shen Z, Wang B, Luo J, Jiang K, Zhang H, Mustonen H, Puolakkainen P, Zhu J, Ye Y, Wang S. Global-scale profiling of differential expressed lysine acetylated proteins in colorectal cancer tumors and paired liver metastases. J Proteomics 2016; 142:24-32. [PMID: 27178108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lysine acetylated modification was indicated to impact colorectal cancer (CRC)'s distant metastasis. However, the global acetylated proteins in CRC and the differential expressed acetylated proteins and acetylated sites between CRC primary and distant metastatic tumor remains unclear. Our aim was to construct a complete atlas of acetylome in CRC and paired liver metastases. Combining high affinity enrichment of acetylated peptides with high sensitive mass spectrometry, we identified 603 acetylation sites from 316 proteins, among which 462 acetylation sites corresponding to 243 proteins were quantified. We further classified them into groups according to cell component, molecular function and biological process and analyzed the metabolic pathways, domain structures and protein interaction networks. Finally, we evaluated the differentially expressed lysine acetylation sites and revealed that 31 acetylated sites of 22 proteins were downregulated in CRC liver metastases compared to that in primary CRC while 40 acetylated sites of 32 proteins were upregulated, of which HIST2H3AK19Ac and H2BLK121Ac were the acetylated histones most changed, while TPM2 K152Ac and ADH1B K331Ac were the acetylated non-histones most altered. These results provide an expanded understanding of acetylome in CRC and its distant metastasis, and might prove applicable in the molecular targeted therapy of metastatic CRC. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study described provides, for the first time, that full-scale profiling of lysine acetylated proteins were identified and quantified in colorectal cancer (CRC) and paired liver metastases. The novelty of the study is that we constructed a complete atlas of acetylome in CRC and paired liver metastases. Moreover, we analyzed these differentially expressed acetylated proteins in cell component, molecular function and biological process. In addition, metabolic pathways, domain structures and protein interaction networks of acetylated proteins were also investigated. Our approaches shows that of the differentially expressed proteins, HIST2H3AK19Ac and H2BLK121Ac were the acetylated histones most changed, while TPM2 K152Ac and ADH1B K331Ac were the acetylated non-histones most altered. Our findings provide an expanded understanding of acetylome in CRC and its distant metastasis, and might prove applicable in the molecular targeted therapy of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Harri Mustonen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Pauli Puolakkainen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Jun Zhu
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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261
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Echazarreta-Gallego E, Elía-Guedea M, Córdoba-Díaz de Laspra E. [Devastating surgical complications after aflibercept chemotherapy]. CIR CIR 2016; 85:260-263. [PMID: 27140945 DOI: 10.1016/j.circir.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of a new chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer is not free of complications. Monoclonal antibodies are associated with bleeding and intestinal perforations. OBJECTIVE To report the case of a patient who developed a serious complication after treatment with an antiangiogenic drug for colorectal neoplasm. CLINICAL CASE The case is presented of a 42-year-old male operated on due to subocclusive rectal cancer with metástasis at the time of diagnosis. Sixteen months after surgery during second-line adjuvant therapy, an intestinal perforation was observed with haemorrhage and intestinal leak to retroperitoneum and left lower extremity. Despite intensive medical and surgical treatment this complication had fatal consequences. CONCLUSIONS Future research should be directed at obtaining biomarkers for the specific use of antiangiogenic agents in order to decrease the rate of adverse factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Echazarreta-Gallego
- Sección de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España.
| | - Manuela Elía-Guedea
- Sección de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Elena Córdoba-Díaz de Laspra
- Sección de Coloproctología, Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
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262
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Kim N, Cho SB, Park YL, Park SY, Myung E, Kim SH, Yu HM, Son YA, Myung DS, Lee WS, Joo YE. Effect of Recepteur d'Origine Nantais expression on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3331-40. [PMID: 27035413 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) expression is known to induce oncogenic properties including tumor cell growth, survival, motility, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. In the present study, we evaluated whether RON affects chemosensitivity and oncogenic behavior of colorectal cancer cells and investigated its prognostic value in colorectal cancer. To evaluate the impact of RON on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior, we treated colorectal cancer cells with small interfering RNAs specific to RON. This was followed by flow cytometric analyses and migration, Matrigel invasion and endothelial tube formation assays. The expression of RON was investigated by immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer tissues. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining for CD34 and D2-40 were deployed to determine apoptosis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RON knockdown enhanced 5-fluorouracil (FU)-induced apoptosis by upregulating the activities of caspases and expression of proapoptotic genes. Moreover, it enhanced 5-FU-induced cell cycle arrest by decreasing the expression of cyclins and cyclin‑dependent kinases and inducing that of p21. Furthermore, RON knockdown augmented the 5-FU-induced inhibition of invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. The β-catenin signaling cascade was blocked by RON knockdown upon 5-FU treatment. RON knockdown also decreased endothelial tube formation and expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α and increased angiostatin expression. Furthermore, it inhibited lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation and the expression of VEGF-C and COX-2. RON expression was observed to be associated with age, tumor size, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, tumor stage, lymph node and distant metastasis, and poor survival rate. The mean microvessel density value of RON-positive tumors was significantly higher than that of RON-negative ones. These results indicate that RON is associated with tumor progression by inhibiting chemosensitivity and enhancing angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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263
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Xiao X, Liu Z, Wang R, Wang J, Zhang S, Cai X, Wu K, Bergan RC, Xu L, Fan D. Genistein suppresses FLT4 and inhibits human colorectal cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3225-39. [PMID: 25605009 PMCID: PMC4413649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary consumption of genistein, found in soy, has been associated with a potentially protective role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. Herein we demonstrate that genistein will inhibit human CRC cell invasion and migration, that it does so at non-cytotoxic concentrations and we demonstrate this in multiple human CRC cell lines. After orthotopic implantation of human CRC tumors into mice, oral genistein did not inhibit tumor growth, but did inhibit distant metastasis formation, and was non-toxic to mice. Using a qPCR array, we screened for genistein-induced changes in gene expression, followed by Western blot confirmation, demonstrating that genistein downregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 and Fms-Related Tyrosine Kinase 4 (FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3). After demonstrating that genistein suppressed neo-angiogenesis in mouse tumors, we examined FLT4 expression in primary CRC and adjacent normal colonic tissue from 60 human subjects, demonstrating that increased FLT4 significantly correlates with increased stage and decreased survival. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that genistein inhibits human CRC metastasis at dietary, non-toxic, doses. FLT4 is identified as a marker of metastatic disease, and as a response marker for small molecule therapeutics that inhibit CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- The Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiqiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Raymond C Bergan
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center and Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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264
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Lu W, Li M, Wang H, Liu L, Lu S. An epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 mutation in a mucin-producing gastric cancer sample from a Chinese patient. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:502-6. [PMID: 27004903 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a subgroup of gastric cancer patients might benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. METHODS A total of 103 gastric cancer samples were collected for this study. High-resolution melting and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing were used to detect epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in exons 19 and 21. RESULTS Polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting was successfully performed on all 103 samples. Aberrant melting curves were found in only one sample. Sanger sequencing revealed a 15 bp deletion (c.2235_2249del; p.Glu746_Ala750del) in epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19. The sample was from a male patient, and the pathological diagnosis was a mucin-producing gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis. To date, this is the first report on epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 mutation in gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS An epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in exon 19 was identified in mucin-producing gastric cancer sample from a male patient. This mutation indicates that the small subgroup of patients with mucin-producing gastric cancer might benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Lu
- Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Department of Pathology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian
| | - Mei Li
- Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Shen Lu
- Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian
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265
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Song Z, Ge Y, Wang C, Huang S, Shu X, Liu K, Zhou Y, Ma X. Challenges and Perspectives on the Development of Small-Molecule EGFR Inhibitors against T790M-Mediated Resistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6580-94. [PMID: 26882288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because of the development of drug-resistance mutations, particularly the "gatekeeper" threonine(790)-to-methionine(790) (T790M) mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the current generation of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors lost their clinical efficacy. Recently, a large number of small-molecule inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency against EGFR mutants with the T790M change have been identified. In particular, the inhibitors rociletinib and osimertinib, which can selectively target both sensitizing mutations and the T790M resistance while sparing the wild-type (WT) form of the receptor, have been designated as breakthrough therapies in the treatment of mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by the U.S. FDA in 2014. We hope that this review on the small-molecule EGFR T790M inhibitors, along with their discovery strategies, will assist in the design of future T790M-containing EGFR inhibitors with high levels of selectivity over WT EGFR, broad kinase selectivity, and desirable physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
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266
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Aguiar PN, Muniz TP, Miranda RR, Tadokoro H, Forones NM, Monteiro IDP, Castelo-Branco P, Janjigian YY, De Mello RA. Current advances in targeted therapies for metastatic gastric cancer: improving patient care. Future Oncol 2016; 12:839-54. [PMID: 26838766 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the literature on the current advances in targeted therapies for metastatic gastric cancer aimed at improving patient care. We conclude that the key to guiding targeted therapy is individual biomarkers, which are not completely elucidated. HER2 overexpression is the only predictive biomarker currently in use. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand that gastric tumors are heterogeneous; therefore, is impossible to evaluate a novel biological compound without evaluating personal biomarkers. The selection of patients who are able to receive each treatment is paramount for improving advanced gastric cancer survival and reducing unnecessary costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hakaru Tadokoro
- Division of Medical Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramon Andrade De Mello
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Clinical Research Center & Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Oncológico São Mateus, Ceará Cancer Institute, Rua Papi Junior 1222, Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-235, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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267
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van der Linden N, Buter J, Pescott CP, Lalisang RI, de Boer JP, de Graeff A, van Herpen CML, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Uyl-de Groot CA. Treatments and costs for recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the Netherlands. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:455-64. [PMID: 25876000 PMCID: PMC4733133 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN), chemotherapy can prolong life and alleviate symptoms. However, expected gains may be small, not necessarily outweighing considerable toxicity and high costs. Treatment choice is to a large extent dependent on preferences of doctors and patients and data on these choices are scarce. The purpose of this study is to obtain real-world information on palliative systemic treatment and costs of R/M SCCHN in the Netherlands. In six Dutch head and neck treatment centers, data were collected on patient and tumor characteristics, treatment patterns, disease progression, survival, adverse events, and resource use for R/M SCCHN, between 2006 and 2013. 125 (14 %) out of 893 R/M SCCHN patients received palliative, non-trial first-line systemic treatment, mainly platinum + 5FU + cetuximab (32 %), other platinum-based combination therapy (13 %), methotrexate monotherapy (27 %) and capecitabine monotherapy (14 %). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.4 and 6.0 months, respectively. 34 (27 %) patients experienced severe adverse events. Mean total hospital costs ranged from € 10,075 (± € 9,891) (methotrexate monotherapy) to € 39,459 (± € 21,149) (platinum + 5FU + cetuximab). Primary cost drivers were hospital stays and anticancer drug treatments. Major health care utilization and costs are involved in systemically treating R/M SCCHN patients with a limited survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi van der Linden
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Woudestein location (J5-51), P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Buter
- VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris P Pescott
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, F135/101, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Roy I Lalisang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, GROW, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Paul de Boer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander de Graeff
- University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Carla M L van Herpen
- Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Carin A Uyl-de Groot
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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268
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Lv Y, Miao LY, Chen QF, Li Y, Shi ZX, Ding XS. Monitoring of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is predictive of EGFR mutation and efficacy of EGFR-TKI in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:461-8. [PMID: 26858527 PMCID: PMC4730999 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has an inverse association with the incidence of lung cancer. However, whether it can be used as a predictive factor in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) still remains undefined. This research aimed at studying the relationship of serum HDL-C baseline level and HDL-C kinetics to EGFR mutation, the efficacy of EGFR-TKI, and the predictive value of PFS. The presence of mutation rate in the 192 patients with lung adenocarcinoma was compared within stratified groups. Levels of baseline HDL-C and kinetics of HDL-C were analyzed retrospectively in patients treated with EGFR-TKI harboring EGFR mutation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the prognostic value of HDL-C. EGFR mutation rate of HDL-C high-level group was significantly higher than that of low-level group (59.0% vs 35.6%, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that high-level HDL-C was an independent predictive factor for EGFR gene mutation (P=0.005; odds ratio =0.417; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.227–0.768). Patients with a low level of HDL-C before therapy showed a progression of disease in most cases (P<0.001). According to HDL-C kinetics, patients who received EGFR-TKI treatment harboring EGFR mutation were divided into four groups. Univariate analysis showed that patients in nondecreased group had longer progression-free survival (P<0.001; hazard ratio =0.003; 95% CI, 0.001–0.018). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses showed the same result (P<0.001; hazard ratio =0.003; 95% CI, 0.001–0.018). Current results suggest that HDL-C seems to be a good independent predictive biomarker for advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with the first-line EGFR-TKI. Roles of this biomarker include indicating EGFR mutation, assessing the efficacy of EGFR-TKI, and predicting the progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Miao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Fang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Respiration, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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269
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Lim B, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim SY. Genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity in molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1190-1201. [PMID: 26811657 PMCID: PMC4716030 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a complex disease that is affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. For the precise diagnosis and effective treatment of gastric cancer, the heterogeneity of the disease must be simplified; one way to achieve this is by dividing the disease into subgroups. Toward this effort, recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer, which are classified as Epstein-Barr virus-positive, microsatellite instability, genomically stable, and chromosomal instability subtypes. We anticipate that this molecular subtyping will help to extend our knowledge for basic research purposes and will be valuable for clinical use. Here, we review the genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity of the four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. We also describe a mutational meta-analysis and a reanalysis of DNA methylation that were performed using previously reported gastric cancer datasets.
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270
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Apatinib: A novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:187-91. [PMID: 26797419 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic gastric cancer is a lethal disease characterized by a very short overall survival, underlining a critical need of new therapeutic options. Unfortunately, although several molecular targets have been investigated, only very few recently approved agents, such as trastuzumab in the HER2-positive setting and ramucirumab, led to a clinical improvement in the outcome of metastatic gastric cancer patients. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is one of the most potent angiogenic factors and is a signalling molecule secreted by many solid tumours. Since high VEGF expression is one of the characteristic features of gastric carcinomas, targeting VEGF is therefore considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer. In the scenario of possible new target therapies with particular regard to angiogenesis, apatinib is a novel receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor selectively targeting VEGFR-2. It is an orally-bioavailable agent currently being studied in several solid tumour types showing a promising activity in gastric cancer. Due to the recent positive results as a third line of treatment for metastatic gastric cancer patients, apatinib may be an interesting and novel type of targeted treatment for metastatic gastric cancer in several lines of therapy. In this review, we summarize the available data of apatinib, mainly focused on the clinical aspect, in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer.
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271
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Roviello G, Petrioli R, Marano L, Polom K, Marrelli D, Perrella A, Roviello F. Angiogenesis inhibitors in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:31-41. [PMID: 26329368 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in systemic chemotherapy during the past two decades, the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma remains poor. Because of molecular heterogeneity, it is essential to classify tumors based on the underlying oncogenic pathways and to develop targeted therapies acting on individual tumors. Unfortunately, although a number of molecular targets have been studied, very few of these agents can be used in a clinical setting. In this review, we summarize the available data on anti-angiogenic agents in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Marano
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Karol Polom
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Section of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Armando Perrella
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
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272
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Roviello G, Polom K, Petrioli R, Marano L, Marrelli D, Paganini G, Savelli V, Generali D, De Franco L, Ravelli A, Roviello F. Monoclonal antibodies-based treatment in gastric cancer: current status and future perspectives. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:127-40. [PMID: 26566626 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, and despite having improved treatment modalities over the last decade, for most patients, only modest improvements have been seen in overall survival. Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of GC and the related signaling pathways offers, from the clinical point of view, promising advances for selected groups of patients. In the past, targeted therapies have significantly impacted the treatment strategy of several common solid tumors such as breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Unfortunately, translational and clinical research shows fewer encouraging targeted treatments with regards to the GC. To date, only two monoclonal antibodies (mAb), named trastuzumab and ramucirumab, are approved for the treatment of advanced GC, suggesting that in GC, maybe more than in other cancers, effective targeted therapy requires patient selection based on precise predictive molecular biomarkers. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data on the clinical advantages offered by the use of mAbs in the treatment of advanced/metastatic GC. Future perspective is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Section of pharmacology and University Center DIFF-Drug Innovation Forward Future, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Karol Polom
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience; Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Marano
- General, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, "San Matteo degli Infermi" Hospital, ASL Umbria 2, 06049, Spoleto, Italy
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, Section of Advanced Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paganini
- Unit of General Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera "C. Poma " Presidio ospedaliero di Pieve di Coriano, Mantova, Italy
| | - Vinno Savelli
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Section of Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Franco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, Section of Advanced Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ravelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience; Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
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273
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The Frequency of Rare EGFR Mutations Is Higher than that of Classical Ones. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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274
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Polom K, Marano L, Roviello G, Petrioli R, Piagnerelli R, de Franco L, Marrelli D, Roviello F. Evolution and emerging future of cytoreducxtive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion in gastric cancer: From treating the incurable to preventing recurrence. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 32:173-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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275
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Paskulin DD, Giacomazzi J, Achatz MI, Costa S, Reis RM, Hainaut P, dos Santos SEB, Ashton-Prolla P. Ancestry of the Brazilian TP53 c.1010G>A (p.Arg337His, R337H) Founder Mutation: Clues from Haplotyping of Short Tandem Repeats on Chromosome 17p. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143262. [PMID: 26618902 PMCID: PMC4664269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare germline mutations in TP53 (17p13.1) cause a highly penetrant predisposition to a specific spectrum of early cancers, defining the Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS). A germline mutation at codon 337 (p.Arg337His, c1010G>A) is found in about 0.3% of the population of Southern Brazil. This mutation is associated with partially penetrant LFS traits and is found in the germline of patients with early cancers of the LFS spectrum unselected for familial history. To characterize the extended haplotypes carrying the mutation, we have genotyped 9 short tandem repeats on chromosome 17p in 12 trios of Brazilian p.Arg337His carriers. Results confirm that all share a common ancestor haplotype of Caucasian/Portuguese-Iberic origin, distant in about 72–84 generations (2000 years assuming a 25 years intergenerational distance) and thus pre-dating European migration to Brazil. So far, the founder p.Arg337His haplotype has not been detected outside Brazil, with the exception of two residents of Portugal, one of them of Brazilian origin. On the other hand, increased meiotic recombination in p.Arg337His carriers may account for higher than expected haplotype diversity. Further studies comparing haplotypes in populations of Brazil and of other areas of Portuguese migration are needed to understand the historical context of this mutation in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Davila Paskulin
- Post-Graduate Program, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Juliana Giacomazzi
- Post-Graduate Program, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Manoel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon and Institut Albert Bonniot/INSERM 823, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Post-Graduate Program, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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276
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Ding Y, Niu H, Zhou L, Zhou W, Chen J, Xie S, Geng T, Ouyang Y, He P, Sun P, Feng T, Jin T. Association of multiple genetic variants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in Hainan region. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2015; 11:727-732. [PMID: 26502206 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Ding
- Department of Emergency; People's Hospital of Hainan Province; Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Huan Niu
- Department of Emergency; People's Hospital of Hainan Province; Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Long Zhou
- School of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- School of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- Department of Emergency; People's Hospital of Hainan Province; Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Shiliang Xie
- Department of Respiration; People's Hospital of Lingao; Lingao Hainan 571400 China
| | - Tingting Geng
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Yanhong Ouyang
- Department of Emergency; People's Hospital of Hainan Province; Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Emergency; People's Hospital of Hainan Province; Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Emergency; People's Hospital of Hainan Province; Haikou Hainan 570311 China
| | - Tian Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- School of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems; Xi'an 710069 China
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277
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He J, Shi H, Zhou Z, Chen J, Guan W, Wang H, Yu H, Liu S, Zhou Z, Yang X, Liu T. Correlation between apparent diffusion coefficients and HER2 status in gastric cancers: pilot study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:749. [PMID: 26487555 PMCID: PMC4618135 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of gastric cancer obtained from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) correlates with the HER2 status. Methods Forty-five patients, who had been diagnosed with gastric cancer through biopsy, were enrolled in this IRB-approved study. Each patient underwent a DWI (b values: 0 and 1,000 sec/mm2) prior to surgery (curative gastrectomy or palliative resection). Postoperative microscopic findings, HER2 status by immunohistochemical analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were obtained. HER2 status was compared among gastric cancers with various histopathological features using the chi square test. The ADC values of gastric cancers with positive and negative HER2 were compared using the student t test. Results A weak yet significant correlation was observed between the mean ADC values and HER2 status (r = 0.312, P = 0.037) and scores (r = 0.419, P = 0.004). The mean ADC value of HER2-positive gastric cancers was significantly higher than those of HER2-negative tumors (1.211 vs. 0.984 mm2/s, P = 0.020). The minimal ADC value of HER2-positive gastric cancers was significantly higher than those of HER2-negative tumors (1.105 vs. 0.905 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.036). Conclusions In this pilot study, we have demonstrated that the ADC values of gastric cancer correlate with the HER2 status. Future research is warranted to see if DWI can predict HER2 status and help in tailoring therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Hua Shi
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhuping Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Haiping Yu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Tian Liu
- Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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278
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Oh HH, Park KJ, Kim N, Park SY, Park YL, Oak CY, Myung DS, Cho SB, Lee WS, Kim KK, Joo YE. Impact of KITENIN on tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:253-60. [PMID: 26496979 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are involved in the dissemination of tumor cells from solid tumors to regional lymph nodes and various distant sites. KAI1 COOH-terminal interacting tetraspanin (KITENIN) contributes to tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes in various cancers including colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether KITENIN affects tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer. A KITENIN small interfering RNA vector was used to silence KITENIN expression in colorectal cancer cell lines including DLD1 and SW480 cells. To evaluate the ability of KITENIN to induce angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs), we performed Matrigel invasion and tube formation assays. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of KITENIN in colorectal cancer tissues. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were evaluated by immunostaining with CD34 and D2-40 antibodies. KITENIN silencing inhibited both HUVEC invasion and tube formation in the DLD1 and SW480 cells. KITENIN silencing led to decreased expression of the angiogenic inducers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and increased expression of the angiogenic inhibitor angiostatin. KITENIN silencing did not inhibit either HLEC invasion or tube formation in all tested cells, but it resulted in decreased expression of the lymphangiogenic inducer VEGF-C. KITENIN expression was significantly associated with tumor stage, depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastases and poor survival. The mean microvessel density was significantly higher in the KITENIN-positive tumors than that in the KITENIN-negative tumors. However, the mean lymphatic vessel density of KITENIN-positive tumors was not significantly higher than that of the KITENIN-negative tumors. These results suggest that KITENIN promotes tumor progression by enhancing angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Hoon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Oak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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279
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Chen DH, Zhang XS. Targeted therapy: resistance and re-sensitization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:496-501. [PMID: 26370727 PMCID: PMC4593385 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a paradigm shift from cytotoxic drugs to targeted therapy in medical oncology and pharmaceutical innovation. Inspired by breakthroughs in molecular and cellular biology, a number of novel synthesized chemical compounds and recombinant antibodies have been developed to selectively target oncogenic signaling pathways in a broad array of tumor types. Although targeted therapeutic agents show impressive clinical efficacy and minimized adverse effects compared with traditional treatments, the challenging drug-resistant issue has also emerged to limit their benefits to cancer patients. In this regard, we aim to improve targeted therapy by presenting a systematic framework regarding the drug resistance mechanisms and alternative approaches to re-sensitize cancer cells/tissues therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Hong Chen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Yiling Pharmaceutical Company, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.
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280
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Wang J, Zhu J, Dong M, Yu H, Dai X, Li K. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) suppresses survival and growth of colorectal cancer cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:621-7. [PMID: 25322973 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a unique member of the protein phosphatases family that functions in multiple signaling pathways involved in DNA damage, cell cycle control, cell growth, and apoptosis. Recent evidence indicated that PP5 may play a role in cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to examine the biological effect of PP5 on cell growth and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC). We first knocked down PP5 expression in RKO cells via a short hairpin RNA containing lentivirus system. Then, methylthiazoletetrazolium assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry analysis were performed. The proliferation and colony formation ability of RKO cells were remarkably suppressed in PP5-silenced groups, as compared with control groups. Moreover, downregulation of PP5 resulted in a significant G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and an induction of apoptosis. In all, these results demonstrated the importance of PP5 in CRC cell growth, and it might be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Dong
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Clinical Research Center, Ningbo Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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281
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Abstract
Glomus tumors are benign neoplasms that arise from neuromyoarterial glomus bodies. They represent around 1–5% of all soft-tissue tumors. High temperature, sensitivity, and pain and localized tenderness are the classical triad of symptoms. Most glomus tumors represent in the subungual area of digits. Extradigital glomus tumors are a very rare entity. There are rare cases of these tumors reported to be in shoulder, elbow, knee, wrist, even stomach, colon, and larynx. We are reporting a case of a glomus tumor on thigh and discuss the histological and immunohistochemical features.
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282
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Zhang T, Zhang L, Fan S, Zhang M, Fu H, Liu Y, Yin X, Chen H, Xie L, Zhang J, Gavine PR, Gu Y, Ni X, Su X. Patient-Derived Gastric Carcinoma Xenograft Mouse Models Faithfully Represent Human Tumor Molecular Diversity. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26217940 PMCID: PMC4517891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived cancer xenografts (PDCX) generally represent more reliable models of human disease in which to evaluate a potential drugs preclinical efficacy. However to date, only a few patient-derived gastric cancer xenograft (PDGCX) models have been reported. In this study, we aimed to establish additional PDGCX models and to evaluate whether these models accurately reflected the histological and genetic diversities of the corresponding patient tumors. By engrafting fresh patient gastric cancer (GC) tissues into immune-compromised mice (SCID and/or nude mice), thirty two PDGCX models were established. Histological features were assessed by a qualified pathologist based on H&E staining. Genomic comparison was performed for several biomarkers including ERBB1, ERBB2, ERBB3, FGFR2, MET and PTEN. These biomarkers were profiled to assess gene copy number by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All 32 PDGCX models retained the histological features of the corresponding human tumors. Furthermore, among the 32 models, 78% (25/32) highly expressed ERBB1 (EGFR), 22% (7/32) were ERBB2 (HER2) positive, 78% (25/32) showed ERBB3 (HER3) high expression, 66% (21/32) lost PTEN expression, 3% (1/32) harbored FGFR2 amplification, 41% (13/32) were positive for MET expression and 16% (5/32) were MET gene amplified. Between the PDGCX models and their parental tumors, a high degree of similarity was observed for FGFR2 and MET gene amplification, and also for ERBB2 status (agreement rate = 94~100%; kappa value = 0.81~1). Protein expression of PTEN and MET also showed moderate agreement (agreement rate = 78%; kappa value = 0.46~0.56), while ERBB1 and ERBB3 expression showed slight agreement (agreement rate = 59~75%; kappa value = 0.18~0.19). ERBB2 positivity, FGFR2 or MET gene amplification was all maintained until passage 12 in mice. The stability of the molecular profiles observed across subsequent passages within the individual models provides confidence in the utility and translational significance of these models for in vivo testing of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Zhang
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiong Fan
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meizhuo Zhang
- Research and Development Information, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Fu
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Yin
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xie
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jingchuan Zhang
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Paul R. Gavine
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gu
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhi Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XS); (XN)
| | - Xinying Su
- Asia & Emerging Markets iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XS); (XN)
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283
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Lee SH, Hong JH, Park HK, Park JS, Kim BK, Lee JY, Jeong JY, Yoon GS, Inoue M, Choi GS, Lee IK. Colorectal cancer-derived tumor spheroids retain the characteristics of original tumors. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:34-42. [PMID: 26185002 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cultures of cancer cells are useful for developing personalized medicine. In this study, we characterized three lines of three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids established directly from tumor tissues of patients with colorectal cancers (CRCs). Each line mainly included EpCAM-positive cells and cells expressing putative cancer stem cell markers such as CD133, CD44, CD24, ALDH1, and LGR5. These characteristic stem cell markers remained identically for months in vitro. Short tandem repeat genotyping suggested that genetic fingerprints of these tumor spheroids were similar to those of the original tumor tissues from which they were derived. Mutational analysis showed that each line had the same mutation profile for APC, KRAS, MLH1, serine-threonine kinase 11, and TP53 as its parental tumor tissue. One line harboring an activating KRAS mutation was resistant to cetuximab while the remaining two lines harboring wild-type KRAS showed different responses to cetuximab. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that xenograft tumors derived from these lines retained the histopathological and mutational patterns of their parental tumors. Collectively, these results clearly showed that 3D tumor spheroids directly generated from tumor tissues of patients with CRCs preserved the characteristics of their parental tumor tissues and could be used for developing personalized medicines for CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyungbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwa Hong
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Ki Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Park
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yi Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghil Suk Yoon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gyu-Seog Choi
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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284
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Geraniol Suppresses Angiogenesis by Downregulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)/VEGFR-2 Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131946. [PMID: 26154255 PMCID: PMC4496091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniol exerts several direct pharmacological effects on tumor cells and, thus, has been suggested as a promising anti-cancer compound. Because vascularization is a major precondition for tumor growth, we analyzed in this study the anti-angiogenic action of geraniol. In vitro, geraniol reduced the migratory activity of endothelial-like eEND2 cells. Western blot analyses further revealed that geraniol downregulates proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and upregulates cleaved caspase-3 (Casp-3) expression in eEND2 cells. Moreover, geraniol blocked vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR-2 signal transduction, resulting in a suppression of downstream AKT and ERK signaling pathways. In addition, geraniol significantly reduced vascular sprout formation in a rat aortic ring assay. In vivo, geraniol inhibited the vascularization of CT26 tumors in dorsal skinfold chambers of BALB/c mice, which was associated with a smaller tumor size when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a decreased number of Ki67-positive cells and CD31-positive microvessels with reduced VEGFR-2 expression within geraniol-treated tumors. Taken together, these findings indicate that geraniol targets multiple angiogenic mechanisms and, therefore, is an attractive candidate for the anti-angiogenic treatment of tumors.
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285
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Cella CA, Minucci S, Spada F, Galdy S, Elgendy M, Ravenda PS, Zampino MG, Murgioni S, Fazio N. Dual inhibition of mTOR pathway and VEGF signalling in neuroendocrine neoplasms: from bench to bedside. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:754-60. [PMID: 26142874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
After years of limited progress in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), an increasing number of therapeutic targets have recently emerged as potential tools to improve disease outcome. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling are implicated in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, neo-angiogenesis and tumour cell spread. Their combined blockade, in a simultaneous or sequential strategy, represents an intriguing biological rationale to overcome the onset of resistance mechanisms. However, is becoming increasingly imperative to find the optimal sequential strategy according to the best toxicity profile, and also to identify predictive biomarkers. We will provide an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical data relating to mTOR pathway/VEGF signalling as a potential targets of treatment in NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Alessandra Cella
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Spada
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Galdy
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Elgendy
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Simona Ravenda
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Zampino
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Murgioni
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fazio
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy.
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286
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Valverde A, Peñarando J, Cañas A, López-Sánchez LM, Conde F, Hernández V, Peralbo E, López-Pedrera C, de la Haba-Rodríguez J, Aranda E, Rodríguez-Ariza A. Simultaneous inhibition of EGFR/VEGFR and cyclooxygenase-2 targets stemness-related pathways in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131363. [PMID: 26107817 PMCID: PMC4479446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the demonstrated benefits of anti-EGFR/VEGF targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), many patients initially respond, but then show evidence of disease progression. New therapeutic strategies are needed to make the action of available drugs more efficient. Our study aimed to explore whether simultaneous targeting of EGFR/VEGF and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may aid the treatment and management of mCRC patients. The dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor AEE788 and celecoxib were used to inhibit EGFR/VEGFR and COX-2, respectively, in colorectal cancer cells. COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib augmented the antitumoral and antiangiogenic efficacy of AEE788, as indicated by the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of VEGF production by cancer cells and reduction of cell migration. These effects were related with a blockade in the EGFR/VEGFR signaling axis. Notably, the combined AEE788/celecoxib treatment prevented β-catenin nuclear accumulation in tumor cells. This effect was associated with a significant downregulation of FOXM1 protein levels and an impairment in the interaction of this transcription factor with β-catenin, which is required for its nuclear localization. Furthermore, the combined treatment also reduced the expression of the stem cell markers Oct 3/4, Nanog, Sox-2 and Snail in cancer cells, and contributed to the diminution of the CSC subpopulation, as indicated by colonosphere formation assays. In conclusion, the combined treatment of AEE788 and celecoxib not only demonstrated enhanced anti-tumoral efficacy in colorectal cancer cells, but also reduced colon CSCs subpopulation by targeting stemness-related pathways. Therefore, the simultaneous targeting of EGFR/VEGF and COX-2 may aid in blocking mCRC progression and improve the efficacy of existing therapies in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Valverde
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Peñarando
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Cañas
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. López-Sánchez
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Conde
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Hernández
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Peralbo
- Research Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Chary López-Pedrera
- Research Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan de la Haba-Rodríguez
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Oncology Department, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Spanish Cancer Network (RTICC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Schuette W, Schirmacher P, Eberhardt WEE, Fischer JR, von der Schulenburg JMG, Mezger J, Schumann C, Serke M, Zaun S, Dietel M, Thomas M. EGFR mutation status and first-line treatment in patients with stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer in Germany: an observational study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1254-61. [PMID: 26070531 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION EGFR mutations confer sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the clinicopathologic characteristics associated with EGFR mutations and their impact on real-world treatment decisions and outcomes in Caucasian patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS REASON (NCT00997230) was a noninterventional multicenter study in patients (≥18 years) with stage IIIb/IV NSCLC, who were candidates for EGFR mutation testing and first-line systemic treatment, but not eligible for surgery or radiotherapy. Patients were followed up according to normal clinical practice and assessed for primary (correlation of mutation status with baseline characteristics) and secondary endpoints (first-line treatment decision). RESULTS Baseline data were obtained for 4,200 patients; 4,196 fulfilled the inclusion criteria; EGFR mutations were detected in 431 patients; no EGFR mutations were detected in 3,590 patients; mutation status was not evaluable in 175 patients. In multivariate analysis, the odds of EGFR mutations were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in females versus males (odds ratio: 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.32), never-smokers versus smokers (3.64; 2.91-4.56), and patients with adenocarcinoma versus other histologic subtypes (2.94; 2.17-4.08). The most commonly prescribed first-line systemic treatments were: EGFR-TKIs in EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC (56.6%) and combination chemotherapy in EGFR mutation-negative NSCLC (78.5%). CONCLUSIONS This represents the largest dataset for EGFR mutations in Caucasian patients and shows EGFR mutations to be most prevalent in females with adenocarcinoma who had never smoked. IMPACT These findings add to our understanding of the prognostic and predictive factors of NSCLC, supporting future improved treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schuette
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hospital Martha-Maria, Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany.
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Ernst Erich Eberhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Tumor Centre, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Juergen R Fischer
- Medical Department II Oncology, Hospital Löwenstein LLC, Löwenstein, Germany
| | | | - Joerg Mezger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Haematology, Oncology, Immunology, St. Vincentius-Kliniken, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Schumann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Monika Serke
- Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer, Germany
| | - Silke Zaun
- Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Wedel, Germany
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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288
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c-Met targeting in advanced gastric cancer: An open challenge. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:30-6. [PMID: 26049023 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in systemic chemotherapy over the last two decades, the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC) remains poor. Because of molecular heterogeneity, it is essential to classify tumors based on the underlying oncogenic pathways and to develop targeted therapies acting on individual tumors. High-quality research and advances in technology have contributed to the elucidation of molecular pathways underlying disease progression and have stimulated many clinical studies testing target therapies in an advanced disease setting. In particular, strong preclinical evidence for the aberrant activation of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathways in GC cancers exists. This review will cover the c-Met pathway, the mechanisms of c-Met activation and the different strategies of its inhibition. Next, we will focus on the current state of the art in the clinical evaluation of c-Met-targeted therapies and the description of ongoing randomized trials with the idea that in this disease, high quality translational research to identify and validate biomarkers is a priority task.
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289
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Créancier L, Vandenberghe I, Gomes B, Dejean C, Blanchet JC, Meilleroux J, Guimbaud R, Selves J, Kruczynski A. Chromosomal rearrangements involving the NTRK1 gene in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:107-11. [PMID: 26001971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements of the NTRK1 gene, which encodes the high affinity nerve growth factor receptor (tropomyosin related kinase, TRKA), have been observed in several epithelial cancers, such as colon cancer, papillary thyroid carcinoma or non small cell lung cancer. The various NTRK1 fusions described so far lead to constitutive activation of TRKA kinase activity and are oncogenic. We further investigated here the existence and the frequency of NTRK1 gene rearrangements in colorectal cancer. Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, we analyzed a series of human colorectal cancers. We identified two TRKA positive cases over 408, with NTRK1 chromosomal rearrangements. One of these rearrangements is a TPM3-NTRK1 fusion already observed in colon cancer, while the second one is a TPR-NTRK1 fusion never described in this type of cancer. These findings further confirm that translocations in the NTRK1 gene are recurring events in colorectal cancer, although occurring at a low frequency (around 0.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Créancier
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien BP13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Isabelle Vandenberghe
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien BP13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien BP13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Caroline Dejean
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien BP13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien BP13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, F-31300 France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037 INSERM - Université Toulouse III, France
| | - Janick Selves
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, F-31300 France; Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037 INSERM - Université Toulouse III, France
| | - Anna Kruczynski
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien BP13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 1, France.
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290
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Fan J, Zhang W, Lei C, Qiao B, Liu Q, Chen Q, Jiao H, Jiang L, Cui S, Chen J. Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:6406-6411. [PMID: 26131266 PMCID: PMC4483952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The VEGF polymorphisms has been implicated in the susceptibility to lung cancer, but the results are not conclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the VEGF polymorphisms and the risk of lung cancer by meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases. A total of 7 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found that VEGF rs833061 polymorphism showed no significant association with lung cancer risk. Subgroup analysis on race suggested that CC genotype was significantly associated with lung cancer risk in Asian population. We found that VEGF rs699947 polymorphism showed significant association with lung cancer risk. Subgroup analysis on race showed that VEGF rs699947 polymorphism increased lung cancer risk in Asians. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that the VEGF rs699947 is associated with increased risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Fan
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Caipeng Lei
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Hongduo Jiao
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Leizhen Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Cui
- Microsurgical Ward Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
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291
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Mir A, Sadegh MH, Ahmadinia Z, Kaboli PJ. PIK3CA rs7640662 (C/G) single nucleotide polymorphism lacks association with breast cancer cases in Persians. Interv Med Appl Sci 2015; 7:3-8. [PMID: 25838920 DOI: 10.1556/imas.7.2015.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is a group of enzymes involved in cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, intracellular trafficking, and survival that play very important roles in developing breast cancer. PIK3CA is a gene that encodes α catalytic subunit of this enzyme. A common polymorphism of PIK3CA, rs7640662 (C/G), was analyzed, and its association to breast cancer cases was determined. In this study, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of 278 women suffering from breast cancer and 128 healthy women. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method was performed to genotype rs7640662. P values and ODD ratios were measured using SPSS. P value less than 0.05 and ODD ratios more than 1 were considered as significant. All ODD ratios were less than 1, and P values were more than 0.05 showing that rs7640662 (C/G) and breast cancer are not significantly associated. However, the genotypes observed in the Persian population, as an ancient population living in the Middle East, was significantly different from the genotypes reported by HapMap for Asian populations. As a conclusion, rs7640662 was not associated with the risk of breast cancer in a Persian population; however, it was observed that heterozygote (GC) is the most common genotypes in both case and control samples.
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Gowda S, Lipka S, Davis-Yadley AH, Shen H, Silpe J, White A, Satler S, Luebbers D, Statler J, Zheng A, Elder J, Abraham A, Viswanathan P, Mustacchia P. Low bone mineral density linked to colorectal adenomas: a cross-sectional study of a racially diverse population. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:165-71. [PMID: 25830036 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that lower bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with an increased risk for colorectal adenoma/cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between osteopenia and/or osteoporosis and colorectal adenomas in patients from a New York community hospital. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional observational study on 200 patients who underwent screening colonoscopies and bone density scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) at Nassau University Medical Center from November 2009 to March 2011. Among these, 83 patients were identified as osteoporosis (T score of -2.5 or below) and 67 were osteopenia (T score between -1.0 and -2.5). Logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between osteopenia and/or osteoporosis and colorectal adenomas. RESULTS Among the patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis, the mean ages were 59.1 years [standard deviation (SD) =8.9] and 61.5 (SD =8.9), respectively. There were 94.0%, 85.1% and 74.7% women, respectively, in normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis groups. The prevalence of colorectal adenomas was 17.9% and 25.3% in the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups, respectively, and 18.0% in the normal BMD group. After adjustment for potential confounders including age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, alcohol use, history of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia, osteoporosis was found to be associated with presence of colorectal adenomas more than 2, compared to the normal BMD group. No significant associations were found for the prevalence, size, and location of adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that osteoporosis is significantly associated with the presence of multiple colorectal adenomas. Prospective studies with a larger sample size are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gowda
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Seth Lipka
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Ashley H Davis-Yadley
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Huafeng Shen
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Silpe
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Andy White
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Sam Satler
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Dustin Luebbers
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - James Statler
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Anna Zheng
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Elder
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Albin Abraham
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Prakash Viswanathan
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Paul Mustacchia
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
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Wu X, Liu BJ, Ji S, Wu JF, Xu CQ, Du YJ, You XF, Li B, Le JJ, Xu HL, Duan XH, Dong JC. Social defeat stress promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/matrix metalloproteinase signaling in a mouse model of lung carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1405-12. [PMID: 25824133 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and experimental animal studies have indicated that chronic psychological stress may promote tumor development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress promotes tumorigenesis remain to be fully elucidated and animal models have not yet been well established. In the present study, an established mouse model of repeated social defeat stress (RSDS), was generated and used to investigate the effect of stress on tumor growth and metastasis. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to RSDS for 10 days, followed by subcutaneousl inoculation with Lewis lung carcinoma cells for seven days. The tumor weight and volume as well as the number of the lung metastatic nodules were then determined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum levels were measured using ELISAs. In addition, expression levels of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) messenger (m)RNA were confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, protein expression levels of phosphorlyated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were examined using western blot analysis. The results showed that RSDS significantly increased the weight and the volume of the primary tumor as well as the number of the lung metastatic nodules. Serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in the tumor-stress group compared with those of the unstressed tumor mice. In addition, tumors in stressed animals demonstrated markedly enhanced expression of VEGFR-2 and L1CAM mRNA as well as pERK, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression. In conclusion, these results suggested that RSDS contributed to lung cancer progression, angiogenesis and metastasis, which was partially associated with increased VEGF secretion and therefore the activation of the ERK signaling pathway, resulting in the induction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Jun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Shumeng Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Xintai People's Hospital, Xintai, Shandong 271200, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Feng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Xu
- Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jie Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang You
- Department of Childhood and Adolescence, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Le
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lin Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Duan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
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Murayama Y, Oritani K, Tsutsui S. Novel CD9-targeted therapies in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3206-3213. [PMID: 25805926 PMCID: PMC4363749 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are 33 human tetraspanin proteins, emerging as key players in malignancy, the immune system, fertilization, cellular signaling, adhesion, morphology, motility, proliferation, and tumor invasion. CD9, a member of the tetraspanin family, associates with and influences a variety of cell-surface molecules. Through these interactions, CD9 modifies multiple cellular events, including adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. CD9 is therefore considered to play a role in several stages during cancer development. Reduced CD9 expression is generally related to venous vessel invasion and metastasis as well as poor prognosis. We found that treatment of mice bearing human gastric cancer cells with anti-CD9 antibody successfully inhibited tumor progression via antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects, strongly indicating that CD9 is a possible therapeutic target in patients with gastric cancer. Here, we describe the possibility of CD9 manipulation as a novel therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer, which still shows poor prognosis.
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295
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Tang M, Bian X, Zhao Q. CLPTM1L polymorphism and lung cancer risk. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3895-3900. [PMID: 26064290 PMCID: PMC4443124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The association of Cleft Lip and Palate Transmembrane Protein 1 (CLPTM1L) rs31489 polymorphism with risk of lung cancer has been evaluated in many studies; however, the results from these studies are controversial. Thus, further analysis on association between CLPTM1L rs31489 polymorphism and risk of lung cancer is needed among a larger study population. A literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, SpringerLink, EBSCO, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was carried out to identify studies investigating the association between lung cancer risk and CLPTM1L rs31489 polymorphism. The strength of the association between CLPTM1L rs31489 polymorphism and lung cancer risk was estimated by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the overall analysis, there was significant association between CLPTM1L rs31489 polymorphism and lung cancer risk under an allele model (OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18; P < 0.00001; I(2) = 57%). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity was performed. Stratified analysis by ethnicity showed that a statistically increased cancer risk was found in the Caucasian population (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.21; P < 0.00001; I(2) = 22%), but there was no significant association between lung cancer risk and CLPTM1L rs31489 polymorphism in the Asian population (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97-1.08; P = 0.37; I(2) = 15%). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that CLPTM1L rs31489 polymorphism significantly modified the risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army Wuxi 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonian Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army Wuxi 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuliang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 101st Hospital of People's Liberation Army Wuxi 214044, Jiangsu, China
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296
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Zhang SQ, Sun KK, Wu XY, Zhong N, Zhao H, Li DC. Clinicopathological significance of cytoplasmic transducer of ErbB2. 1 expression in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1177-82. [PMID: 25760308 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of transducer of ErbB2. 1 (TOB1) in gastric carcinoma and to clarify the association between TOB1 expression and the clinical significance of this expression in patients with gastric carcinoma. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the expression of TOB1 in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on a tissue microarray containing 90 pairs of primary gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples. TOB1 expression was evaluated separately with cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. Western blot analysis revealed significantly lower expression levels of TOB1 in gastric cancer tissues than those in adjacent normal tissues in 91.7% of cases. This was confirmed by IHC, which revealed decreased cytoplasmic TOB1 expression in cancer tissues compared with those of normal tissue samples in 84.4% of cases. The IHC data also revealed low cytoplasmic expression of TOB1 in 67.8% of human gastric cancer samples. Nuclear TOB1 expression exhibited no significant association with specific pathological features. However, a significant association was identified between cytoplasmic expression levels of TOB1 and clinicopathological characteristics, including the depth of invasion (P=0.017), differentiation grade (P=0.034) and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P<0.000). In conclusion, cytoplasmic TOB1 expression was suggested to be significant in angiogenesis and cell differentiation in gastric cancer tissues and may be used as a potential prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Qing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Kang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - De-Chun Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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297
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Chen J. Signaling pathways in HPV-associated cancers and therapeutic implications. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25 Suppl 1:24-53. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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298
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Immunotherapy for lung cancer: for whom the bell tolls? Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1411-22. [PMID: 25736929 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and accounts for approximately 30% of all cancer deaths. Despite the recent developments in personalized therapy, the prognosis in lung cancer is still very poor. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a new hope for patients with lung cancer. It is well known that standard chemotherapeutic regimens have devastating effects for the patient's immune system. Therefore, the aim of immunotherapy is to specifically enhance the immune response against the tumour. Recently, many trials addressed the role of such therapies for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment: ipilimumab, tremelimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab are immunotherapeutic agents of high relevance in this field. Anti-tumour vaccines, as well as dendritic cell-based therapies, have emerged as potent inducers of immune response against the tumour. Herein, we will review some of the most promising cancer immunotherapies, highlighting their advantages and try to understand, in an immunological perspective, the missteps associated with the current treatments for cancer.
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299
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Witting M, Obst K, Friess W, Hedtrich S. Recent advances in topical delivery of proteins and peptides mediated by soft matter nanocarriers. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1355-69. [PMID: 25687276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are increasingly important therapeutics for the treatment of severe and complex diseases like cancer or autoimmune diseases due to their high specificity and potency. Their unique structure and labile physicochemical properties, however, require special attention in the production and formulation process as well as during administration. Aside from conventional systemic injections, the topical application of proteins and peptides is an appealing alternative due to its non-invasive nature and thus high acceptance by patients. For this approach, soft matter nanocarriers are interesting delivery systems which offer beneficial properties such as high biocompatibility, easiness of modifications, as well as targeted drug delivery and release. This review aims to highlight and discuss technological developments in the field of soft matter nanocarriers for the delivery of proteins and peptides via the skin, the eye, the nose, and the lung, and to provide insights in advantages, limitations, and practicability of recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Witting
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Obst
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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300
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Correlation of perfusion MRI and 18F-FDG PET imaging biomarkers for monitoring regorafenib therapy in experimental colon carcinomas with immunohistochemical validation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115543. [PMID: 25668193 PMCID: PMC4323201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate a multimodal, multiparametric perfusion MRI / 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose-(18F-FDG)-PET imaging protocol for monitoring regorafenib therapy effects on experimental colorectal adenocarcinomas in rats with immunohistochemical validation. Materials and Methods Human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts (HT-29) were implanted subcutaneously in n = 17 (n = 10 therapy group; n = 7 control group) female athymic nude rats (Hsd:RH-Foxn1rnu). Animals were imaged at baseline and after a one-week daily treatment protocol with regorafenib (10 mg/kg bodyweight) using a multimodal, multiparametric perfusion MRI/18F-FDG-PET imaging protocol. In perfusion MRI, quantitative parameters of plasma flow (PF, mL/100 mL/min), plasma volume (PV, %) and endothelial permeability-surface area product (PS, mL/100 mL/min) were calculated. In 18F-FDG-PET, tumor-to-background-ratio (TTB) was calculated. Perfusion MRI parameters were correlated with TTB and immunohistochemical assessments of tumor microvascular density (CD-31) and cell proliferation (Ki-67). Results Regorafenib significantly (p<0.01) suppressed PF (81.1±7.5 to 50.6±16.0 mL/100mL/min), PV (12.1±3.6 to 7.5±1.6%) and PS (13.6±3.2 to 7.9±2.3 mL/100mL/min) as well as TTB (3.4±0.6 to 1.9±1.1) between baseline and day 7. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly (p<0.03) lower tumor microvascular density (CD-31, 7.0±2.4 vs. 16.1±5.9) and tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67, 434.0 ± 62.9 vs. 663.0 ± 98.3) in the therapy group. Perfusion MRI parameters ΔPF, ΔPV and ΔPS showed strong and significant (r = 0.67-0.78; p<0.01) correlations to the PET parameter ΔTTB and significant correlations (r = 0.57-0.67; p<0.03) to immunohistochemical Ki-67 as well as to CD-31-stainings (r = 0.49-0.55; p<0.05). Conclusions A multimodal, multiparametric perfusion MRI/PET imaging protocol allowed for non-invasive monitoring of regorafenib therapy effects on experimental colorectal adenocarcinomas in vivo with significant correlations between perfusion MRI parameters and 18F-FDG-PET validated by immunohistochemistry.
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