251
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Bošnjak
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče; Bolnicka cesta 32 Zagreb Grad Zagreb Croatia 10000
| | - Ivana Kekin
- Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb; Department of Psychiatry; Kispaticeva 12 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Joanne Hew
- St Mary's Hospital; Department of Medicine; Praed Street London UK W2 1NY
| | - Martina Rojnic Kuzman
- Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb; Department of Psychiatry; Kispaticeva 12 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
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252
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Cadenhead KS, Mirzakhanian H. A Case of Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome: A Broad Differential Diagnosis Requires Broad-Spectrum Treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:321-9. [PMID: 27035531 PMCID: PMC6984191 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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253
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Peters H, Shao J, Scherr M, Schwerthöffer D, Zimmer C, Förstl H, Bäuml J, Wohlschläger A, Riedl V, Koch K, Sorg C. More Consistently Altered Connectivity Patterns for Cerebellum and Medial Temporal Lobes than for Amygdala and Striatum in Schizophrenia. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:55. [PMID: 26924973 PMCID: PMC4756145 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain architecture can be divided into a cortico-thalamic system and modulatory "subcortical-cerebellar" systems containing key structures such as striatum, medial temporal lobes (MTLs), amygdala, and cerebellum. Subcortical-cerebellar systems are known to be altered in schizophrenia. In particular, intrinsic functional brain connectivity (iFC) between these systems has been consistently demonstrated in patients. While altered connectivity is known for each subcortical-cerebellar system separately, it is unknown whether subcortical-cerebellar systems' connectivity patterns with the cortico-thalamic system are comparably altered across systems, i.e., if separate subcortical-cerebellar systems' connectivity patterns are consistent across patients. METHODS To investigate this question, 18 patients with schizophrenia (3 unmedicated, 15 medicated with atypical antipsychotics) and 18 healthy controls were assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Independent component analysis of fMRI data revealed cortical intrinsic brain networks (NWs) with time courses representing proxies for cortico-thalamic system activity. Subcortical-cerebellar systems' activity was represented by fMRI-based time courses of selected regions-of-interest (ROIs; i.e., striatum, MTL, amygdala, cerebellum). Correlation analysis among ROI- and NWs-time courses yielded individual connectivity matrices [i.e., connectivity between NW and ROIs (allROIs-NW, separateROI-NW), only NWs (NWs-NWs), and only ROIs (allROIs-allROIs)] as main outcome measures, which were classified by support-vector-machine-based (SVM) leave-one-out cross-validation. Differences in classification accuracy were statistically evaluated for consistency across subjects and systems. RESULTS Correlation matrices based on allROIs-NWs yielded 91% classification accuracy, which was significantly superior to allROIs-allROIs and NWs-NWs (56 and 74%, respectively). Considering separate subcortical-cerebellar systems, cerebellum-NWs and MTL-NWs reached highest accuracy values with 91 and 85%, respectively, while those of striatum-NW and amygdala-NW were significantly lower with about 65% classification accuracy. CONCLUSION RESULTS provide initial evidence for differential consistency of altered intrinsic connectivity patterns between subcortical-cerebellar systems and the cortico-thalamic system. Data suggest that differential dysconnectivity patterns between subcortical-cerebellar and cortical systems might reflect different disease states or patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Junming Shao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Martin Scherr
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwerthöffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Hans Förstl
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Josef Bäuml
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Afra Wohlschläger
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Valentin Riedl
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universität MünchenMünchen, Germany
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254
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Schmidt A, Borgwardt S. Editorial: Third-Generation Neuroimaging: Translating Research into Clinical Utility. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:170. [PMID: 27785124 PMCID: PMC5059361 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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255
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Mamah D, Wen J, Luo J, Ulrich X, Barch DM, Yablonskiy D. Subcomponents of brain T2* relaxation in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and siblings: A Gradient Echo Plural Contrast Imaging (GEPCI) study. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:36-45. [PMID: 26603058 PMCID: PMC4681636 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Investigating brain tissue T2* relaxation properties in vivo can potentially guide the uncovering of neuropathology in psychiatric illness, which is traditionally examined post mortem. We use an MRI-based Gradient Echo Plural Contrast Imaging (GEPCI) technique that produces inherently co-registered images allowing quantitative assessment of tissue cellular and hemodynamic properties. Usually described as R2* (=1/T2*) relaxation rate constant, recent developments in GEPCI allow the separation of cellular-specific (R2*C) and hemodynamic (BOLD) contributions to the MRI signal decay. We characterize BOLD effect in terms of tissue concentration of deoxyhemoglobin, i.e. CDEOXY, which reflects brain activity. 17 control (CON), 17 bipolar disorder (BPD), 16 schizophrenia (SCZ), and 12 unaffected schizophrenia sibling (SIB) participants were scanned and post-processed using GEPCI protocols. A MANOVA of 38gray matter regions ROIs showed significant group effects for CDEOXY but not for R2*C. In the three non-control groups, 71-92% of brain regions had increased CDEOXY. Group effects were observed in the superior temporal cortex and the thalamus. Increased superior temporal cortex CDEOXY was found in SCZ (p=0.01), BPD (p=0.01) and SIB (p=0.02), with bilateral effects in SCZ and only left hemisphere effects in BPD and SIB. Thalamic CDEOXY abnormalities were observed in SCZ (p=0.003), BPD (p=0.03) and SIB (p=0.02). Our results suggest that increased activity in certain brain regions is part of the underlying pathophysiology of specific psychiatric disorders. High CDEOXY in the superior temporal cortex suggests abnormal activity with auditory, language and/or social cognitive processing. Larger studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of relaxometric abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States.
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States
| | - Xialing Ulrich
- Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States, Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Dmitriy Yablonskiy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, United States
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256
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Buchy L, Cannon TD, Anticevic A, Lyngberg K, Cadenhead KS, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Bearden CE, Mathalon DH, Addington J. Evaluating the impact of cannabis use on thalamic connectivity in youth at clinical high risk of psychosis. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:276. [PMID: 26553191 PMCID: PMC4640353 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions in thalamic functional connectivity have been observed in people with schizophrenia and in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. However, the impact of environmental risk factors for psychosis on thalamic dysconnectivity is poorly understood. We tested whether thalamic dysconnectivity is related to patterns of cannabis use in a CHR sample. METHODS 162 CHR and 105 control participants were assessed on cannabis use severity, frequency, and age at onset of first use as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study and completed resting-state fMRI scans. Whole-brain thalamic functional connectivity maps were generated using individual subjects' anatomically defined thalamic seeds. RESULTS Thalamic connectivity did not significantly correlate with current cannabis use severity or frequency in either CHR or controls. In CHR cannabis users, a significant correlation emerged between attenuated thalamic connectivity with left sensory/motor cortex and a younger age at onset of cannabis use. CHR who used cannabis before age 15 did not differ on thalamic connectivity as compared to CHR who used after age 15 or CHR who were cannabis naïve. No group differences in thalamic connectivity emerged when comparing CHR separated by moderate/high use frequency, low-frequency or cannabis naïve. CONCLUSIONS Although a younger age at onset of cannabis use may be associated with disrupted thalamo-cortical coupling, cannabis use does not appear to be an identifying characteristic for thalamic connectivity in CHR with moderate/high use frequency compared to low-frequency users or CHR who are cannabis naïve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Buchy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Kristina Lyngberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island, NY USA
| | - Elaine F. Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4Z6.
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257
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Cannon TD. How Schizophrenia Develops: Cognitive and Brain Mechanisms Underlying Onset of Psychosis. Trends Cogn Sci 2015; 19:744-756. [PMID: 26493362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in the development of schizophrenia requires longitudinal observation of individuals prior to onset. Here recent studies of prodromal individuals who progress to full psychosis are briefly reviewed in relation to models of schizophrenia pathophysiology. Together, this body of work suggests that disruption in brain connectivity, driven primarily by a progressive reduction in dendritic spines on cortical pyramidal neurons, may represent a key triggering mechanism. The earliest disruptions appear to be in circuits involved in referencing experiences according to time, place, and agency, which may result in a failure to recognize particular cognitions as self-generated or to constrain interpretations of the meaning of events based on prior experiences, providing the scaffolding for faulty reality testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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