251
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Sosnowska B, Mazidi M, Penson P, Gluba-Brzózka A, Rysz J, Banach M. The sirtuin family members SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT6: Their role in vascular biology and atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:275-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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252
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Berman AY, Motechin RA, Wiesenfeld MY, Holz MK. The therapeutic potential of resveratrol: a review of clinical trials. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1. [PMID: 28989978 PMCID: PMC5630227 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a nutraceutical with several therapeutic effects. It has been shown to mimic effects of caloric restriction, exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, and affect the initiation and progression of many diseases through several mechanisms. While there is a wealth of in vitro and in vivo evidence that resveratrol could be a promising therapeutic agent, clinical trials must confirm its potential. In this work, we reviewed the current clinical data available regarding the pharmacological action of resveratrol. Most of the clinical trials of resveratrol have focused on cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. We found that for neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, the current clinical trials show that resveratrol was well tolerated and beneficially influenced disease biomarkers. However resveratrol had ambiguous and sometimes even detrimental effects in certain types of cancers and in NAFLD. In most of the clinical trials, the major obstacle presented was resveratrol’s poor bioavailability. Thus, this work provides useful considerations for the planning and design of future pre-clinical and clinical research on resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Y Berman
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Marina K Holz
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and the Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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253
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AMPK activation: Role in the signaling pathways of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:31-41. [PMID: 28844606 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved sensor of cellular energy status and has been reported to be involved in chronic inflammatory disorders. AMPK is expressed in immune cells, such as dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils, and is an important regulator of inflammatory responses through the regulation of complex signaling networks in part by inhibiting downstream cascade pathways, such as nuclear factor kB, which is a key regulator of innate immunity and inflammation, as well as acting as a negative regulator of toll-like receptors. Recent data suggest that AMPK dysregulation may participate in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuropathies. However, there are conflicting reports on the benefits or detrimental effects of AMPK in distinct pathological conditions. This paper offers a review of the recent literature on the pharmacological modulation of the AMPK system as a potential molecular target in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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254
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Sun Q, Han W, Hu H, Fan D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Li M, Pan S. Hydrogen alleviates hyperoxic acute lung injury related endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats through upregulation of SIRT1. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:622-632. [PMID: 28675985 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1351027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Han
- Department of VIP Respiration Medicine, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Hu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Fan
- Department of VIP Respiration Medicine, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of VIP General Medicine, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
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255
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Imperatore F, Maurizio J, Vargas Aguilar S, Busch CJ, Favret J, Kowenz-Leutz E, Cathou W, Gentek R, Perrin P, Leutz A, Berruyer C, Sieweke MH. SIRT1 regulates macrophage self-renewal. EMBO J 2017; 36:2353-2372. [PMID: 28701484 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature differentiated macrophages can self-maintain by local proliferation in tissues and can be extensively expanded in culture under specific conditions, but the mechanisms of this phenomenon remain only partially defined. Here, we show that SIRT1, an evolutionary conserved regulator of life span, positively affects macrophage self-renewal ability in vitro and in vivo Overexpression of SIRT1 during bone marrow-derived macrophage differentiation increased their proliferative capacity. Conversely, decrease of SIRT1 expression by shRNA inactivation, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion and pharmacological inhibition restricted macrophage self-renewal in culture. Furthermore, pharmacological SIRT1 inhibition in vivo reduced steady state and cytokine-induced proliferation of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. Mechanistically, SIRT1 inhibition negatively regulated G1/S transition, cell cycle progression and a network of self-renewal genes. This included inhibition of E2F1 and Myc and concomitant activation of FoxO1, SIRT1 targets mediating cell cycle progression and stress response, respectively. Our findings indicate that SIRT1 is a key regulator of macrophage self-renewal that integrates cell cycle and longevity pathways. This suggests that macrophage self-renewal might be a relevant parameter of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Maurizio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Stephanie Vargas Aguilar
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara J Busch
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérémy Favret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kowenz-Leutz
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilfried Cathou
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Perrin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carole Berruyer
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Michael H Sieweke
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France .,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtzgemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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256
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Saraswat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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257
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Zullo A, Sommese L, Nicoletti G, Donatelli F, Mancini FP, Napoli C. Epigenetics and type 1 diabetes: mechanisms and translational applications. Transl Res 2017; 185:85-93. [PMID: 28552218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an irreversible degenerative disease with severe complications such as heart disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Although exogenous insulin administration is a life-saving therapy, it does not cure the disease. This review addresses the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of T1D and discusses epigenetic-based strategies for prevention and treatment of the disease. We describe novel epigenetic biomarkers for the identification of susceptible individuals and the establishment of innovative therapies with epidrugs and cell therapy to regenerate the lost β-cells. Despite the wealth of promising data regarding the potential benefits of epigenetic tools to reduce the burden of T1D, clinical trials are still very few, and this issue needs to be resolved in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Donatelli
- Cardiovascular Department, Chair of Cardiosurgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco P Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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258
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Eid HM, Wright ML, Anil Kumar NV, Qawasmeh A, Hassan STS, Mocan A, Nabavi SM, Rastrelli L, Atanasov AG, Haddad PS. Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:387. [PMID: 28713266 PMCID: PMC5493053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the twenty-first century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining of the term "diabesity." Recent studies have identified unique contributions of the immensely diverse gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Several mechanisms have been proposed including altered glucose and fatty acid metabolism, hepatic fatty acid storage, and modulation of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Importantly, the relationship between unhealthy diet and a modified gut microbiota composition observed in diabetic or obese subjects has been recognized. Similarly, the role of diet rich in polyphenols and plant polysaccharides in modulating gut bacteria and its impact on diabetes and obesity have been the subject of investigation by several research groups. Gut microbiota are also responsible for the extensive metabolism of polyphenols thus modulating their biological activities. The aim of this review is to shed light on the composition of gut microbes, their health importance and how they can contribute to diseases as well as their modulation by polyphenols and polysaccharides to control obesity and diabetes. In addition, the role of microbiota in improving the oral bioavailability of polyphenols and hence in shaping their antidiabetic and antiobesity activities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M. Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Beni-SuefBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michelle L. Wright
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States
| | - N. V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal UniversityManipal, India
| | | | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoBrno, Czechia
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Pierre S. Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
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259
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Mohib M, Afnan K, Paran TZ, Khan S, Sarker J, Hasan N, Hasan I, Sagor AT. Beneficial Role of Citrus Fruit Polyphenols Against Hepatic Dysfunctions: A Review. J Diet Suppl 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1330301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohabbulla Mohib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kazi Afnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfiq Zaman Paran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juthika Sarker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istiaque Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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260
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Daneshi-Maskooni M, Keshavarz SA, Mansouri S, Qorbani M, Alavian SM, Badri-Fariman M, Jazayeri-Tehrani SA, Sotoudeh G. The effects of green cardamom on blood glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory factors, paraxonase-1, sirtuin-1, and irisin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:260. [PMID: 28592311 PMCID: PMC5463368 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between dietary components and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) needs to be further investigated. The potential health benefits of cardamom have been found in some studies. Cardamom showed beneficial effect on hepatomegaly, dyslipidemia, and fasting hyperglycemia in animals. However, some adverse effects of cardamom have been reported in animals. No previous human study had been conducted on the effects of cardamom in NAFLD. This study aims to determine the effects of green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) supplementation on blood glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory profiles, and liver function, especially by examining irisin, paraxonase-1 (PON1) and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) in obese patients with NAFLD. METHODS This trial is to be conducted at the polyclinic of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Central Hospital, Tehran. Eighty obese patients with NAFLD will be selected according to the eligibility criteria. The NAFLD diagnosis method is ultrasonography. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups by a random-number table (cardamom and placebo groups, two 500-mg capsules, three times/day, taken with meals for 3 months, follow-up monthly). General characteristics, dietary intakes (at the beginning, middle, and end), and physical activity (at the beginning and end) will be assessed using a general, 24-h food recall, and short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), respectively. Lifestyle advice will be presented to both groups identically. At the beginning and the end, anthropometrics (weight, height, and waist circumference), blood pressure, extent of fatty liver, and blood biomarkers, including serum glucose indices (fasting blood sugar (FBS)) and insulin (FBI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)), lipids (triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC)), inflammatory markers (highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)), liver enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST)), irisin, PON1, and Sirt1, will be determined. DISCUSSION This trial would be the first to assess the effects of green cardamom on several blood factors, including glucose indices, lipids, inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, irisin, PON1, and Sirt1, and blood pressure and anthropometry in obese patients with NAFLD. Further study of cardamom's potential in improving NAFLD is suggested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), ID number: IRCT2015121317254N4 . Registered on 27 December 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Daneshi-Maskooni
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Central Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Badri-Fariman
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jazayeri-Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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261
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Russo GL, Vastolo V, Ciccarelli M, Albano L, Macchia PE, Ungaro P. Dietary polyphenols and chromatin remodeling. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2589-2599. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1062353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Russo
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Avellino, Italy
| | - Viviana Vastolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, UniversitàdegliStudi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Ciccarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, UniversitàdegliStudi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, UniversitàdegliStudi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale ‘G. Salvatore’, Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
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262
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Li WF, Yang K, Zhu P, Zhao HQ, Song YH, Liu KC, Huang WF. Genistein Ameliorates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in a SIRT1-Dependent Manner. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040403. [PMID: 28425936 PMCID: PMC5409742 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury continues to be a complicated situation in clinical practice. Genistein, the main isoflavone found in soy products, is known to possess a wide spectrum of biochemical and pharmacological activities. However, the protective effect of genistein on renal I/R injury has not been well investigated. In the current study, we explore whether genistein exhibits its renal-protective effects through SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) in I/R-induced mice model. We found the treatment of genistein significantly reduced renal I/R-induced cell death, simultaneously stimulating renal cell proliferation. Meanwhile, SIRT1 expression was up-regulated following the administration of genistein in renal region. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition or shRNA-mediated depletion of SIRT1 significantly reversed the protective effect of genistein on renal dysfunction, cellular damage, apoptosis, and proliferation following I/R injury, suggesting an indispensible role of the increased SIRT1 expression and activity in this process. Meanwhile, the reduced p53 and p21 expression and increased PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) expression were blocked after the depletion of SIRT1 compared with the genistein treatment group in the renal I/R process. Hence, our results provided further experimental basis for the potential use of genistein for the treatment of kidney disease with deficiency of SIRT1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Li
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Kang Yang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Medicine, the First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Hong-Qian Zhao
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Yin-Hong Song
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Kuan-Can Liu
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, PLA, Fuzhou 350025, China.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350025, China.
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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263
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Yen JH, Wu PS, Chen SF, Wu MJ. Fisetin Protects PC12 Cells from Tunicamycin-Mediated Cell Death via Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Modulation of Nrf2-Driven Gene Expression, SIRT1 and MAPK Signaling in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040852. [PMID: 28420170 PMCID: PMC5412436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a dietary flavonol and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. However, high concentration of fisetin is reported to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the cytoprotective effects of low concentration of fisetin against tunicamycin (Tm)-mediated cytotoxicity in neuronal-like catecholaminergic PC12 cells. METHODS Cell viability was assayed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptotic and autophagic markers were analyzed by Western blot. Gene expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) and Phase II enzymes was further investigated using RT-Q-PCR or Western blotting. Intracellular ROS level was measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H₂DCFDA) by a fluorometer. The effects of fisetin on mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) signaling pathways were examined using Western blotting and specific inhibitors. RESULTS Fisetin (<20 µM) restored cell viability and repressed apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production in Tm-treated cells. Fisetin attenuated Tm-mediated expression of ER stress genes, such as glucose-regulated proteins 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP also known as GADD153) and Tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3), but induced the expression of nuclear E2 related factor (Nrf)2-targeted heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT/SLC7A11), in both the presence and absence of Tm. Moreover, fisetin enhanced phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-JUN NH₂-terminal protein kinase), and p38 MAPK. Addition of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly antagonized its cytoprotective activity and modulatory effects on UPR. Fisetin also restored Tm-inhibited SIRT1 expression and addition of sirtinol (SIRT1 activation inhibitor) significantly blocked fisetin-mediated cytoprotection. In conclusion, this result shows that fisetin activates Nrf2, MAPK and SIRT1, which may elicit adaptive cellular stress response pathways so as to protect cells from Tm-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fen Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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264
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Grabowska W, Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Sirtuins, a promising target in slowing down the ageing process. Biogerontology 2017; 18:447-476. [PMID: 28258519 PMCID: PMC5514220 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a plastic process and can be successfully modulated by some biomedical approaches or pharmaceutics. In this manner it is possible to delay or even prevent some age-related pathologies. There are some defined interventions, which give promising results in animal models or even in human studies, resulting in lifespan elongation or healthspan improvement. One of the most promising targets for anti-ageing approaches are proteins belonging to the sirtuin family. Sirtuins were originally discovered as transcription repressors in yeast, however, nowadays they are known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes (including mammals). In humans the family consists of seven members (SIRT1-7) that possess either mono-ADP ribosyltransferase or deacetylase activity. It is believed that sirtuins play key role during cell response to a variety of stresses, such as oxidative or genotoxic stress and are crucial for cell metabolism. Although some data put in question direct involvement of sirtuins in extending human lifespan, it was documented that proper lifestyle including physical activity and diet can influence healthspan via increasing the level of sirtuins. The search for an activator of sirtuins is one of the most extensive and robust topic of research. Some hopes are put on natural compounds, including curcumin. In this review we summarize the involvement and usefulness of sirtuins in anti-ageing interventions and discuss the potential role of curcumin in sirtuins regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Grabowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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265
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Charles S, Raj V, Arokiaraj J, Mala K. Caveolin1/protein arginine methyltransferase1/sirtuin1 axis as a potential target against endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:1-11. [PMID: 28126510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED), an established response to cardiovascular risk factors, is characterized by increased levels of soluble molecules secreted by endothelial cells (EC). Evidence suggest that ED is an independent predictor of cardiac events and that it is associated with a deficiency in production or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and/or an imbalance in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. ED can be reversed by treating cardiovascular risk factors, hence, beyond ambiguity, ED contributes to initiation and progression of atherosclerotic disease. Majority of cardiovascular risk factors act by a common pathway, oxidative stress (OS), characterized by an imbalance in bioavailability of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enhanced ROS, through several mechanisms, alters competence of EC that leads to ED, reducing its potential to maintain homeostasis and resulting in development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Influential mechanisms that have been implicated in the development of ED include (i) presence of elevated levels of NOS inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) due to augmented enzyme activity of protein arginine methyl transferase-1 (PRMT1); (ii) decrease in NO generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, or by reaction of NO with free radicals and (iii) impaired post translational modification of protein (PTM) such as eNOS, caveolin-1 (cav1) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). However, the inter-related mechanisms that concur to developing ED is yet to be understood. The events that possibly overlay include OS-induced sequestration of SIRT1 to caveolae facilitating cav1-SIRT1 association; potential increase in lysine acetylation of enzymes such as eNOS and PRMT1 leading to enhanced ADMA formation; imbalance in acetylation-methylation ratio (AMR); diminished NO generation and ED. Here we review current literature from research showing interdependent association between cav1-PRMT1-SIRT1 to the outcomes of experimental and clinical research aiming to preserve endothelial function with gene- or pharmaco-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Charles
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijay Raj
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arokiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Potheri 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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266
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Li J, Cui X, Ma X, Wang Z. rBTI reduced β-amyloid-induced toxicity by promoting autophagy-lysosomal degradation via DAF-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2017; 89:78-86. [PMID: 28119052 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease, of which β-amyloid (Aβ) induced toxicity was suggested as a main cause. Some substances with prolongevity effects have been shown to be protective against AD. In a previous study we demonstrated that a recombinant buckwheat trypsin inhibitor (rBTI) could prolonge the lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Here, we investigated whether rBTI may benefit to mitigate the AD symptom by feeding the AD model C. elegans CL4176. CL4176 is a transgenic C. elegans expressing human Aβ3-42 in muscle tissue. The results showed that rBTI not only could extend lifespan but also could reduce Aβ toxicity-triggered body paralysis in AD worms. Further study found the accumulation of Aβ was decreased and autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway was activated in AD worms treated with rBTI. Moreover, the inhibition of autophagy reduced rBTI-mediated paralysis delay. Genetic analyses showed rBTI increased the transcriptional activity of dauer formation abnormal-16 (DAF-16) and the disruption of daf-16 abolished rBTI-mediated protective effect in AD worms. Taken together, these data indicated that rBTI promoted the autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway to reduce the Aβ-induced toxicity via DAF-16 in an AD model C. elegans, implying that BTI has the potential to protect against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Zhuanhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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267
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Zenkov NK, Chechushkov AV, Kozhin PM, Kandalintseva NV, Martinovich GG, Menshchikova EB. Plant Phenols and Autophagy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:297-314. [PMID: 27293088 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many plant phenols (stilbenes, curcumins, catechins, flavonoids, etc.) are effective antioxidants and protect cells during oxidative stress. Extensive clinical studies on the potential of phenolic compounds for treatment of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, oncological, and inflammatory diseases are now being conducted. In addition to direct antioxidant effect, plant phenols may provide a protective effect via activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE redox-sensitive signaling system and regulation of autophagy. In this review, mechanisms of effects of the most common plant phenols on autophagy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Zenkov
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.
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268
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Navarro S, Reddy R, Lee J, Warburton D, Driscoll B. Inhaled resveratrol treatments slow ageing-related degenerative changes in mouse lung. Thorax 2017; 72:451-459. [PMID: 28070015 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ageing, a significant risk factor for chronic human lung diseases such as COPD and emphysema, is characterised by airspace enlargement and decreasing lung function. Likewise, in prematurely ageing telomerase null (terc-/-) mice, p53 stabilisation within diminishing numbers of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2) accompanies reduced lung function. Resveratrol (RSL) is a plant phytoalexin that has previously showed efficacy in enhancing invertebrate longevity and supporting mammalian muscle metabolism when delivered orally. Here, we tested whether inhaled RSL could protect young, terc-/- mice from accelerated ageing of the lung. METHODS terc-/- mice aged 2 months inhaled 1 mg/kg RSL that was instilled intratracheally once per month for 3 months. One month after the last inhalation, whole lung function, structure and cellular DNA damage were evaluated and AEC2 survival was assessed by western blotting for survival pathway gene expression. RESULTS RSL treatments delayed the loss of lung compliance (p<0.05), maintained lung structure (p<0.001) and blocked parenchymal cell DNA damage as measured by TdT Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL). RSL, a known agonist of deacetylase SIRT1, supported AEC2 survival by stimulating SIRT1 expression, promoting p53 destabilisation and decreasing Bax expression and by maintaining expression levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), activated p-Akt and p-Mdm2 and inactivated Phospho-Phosphatase and tensin homolog (p-PTEN). CONCLUSIONS RSL prophylaxis by inhalation is a potential approach for slowing ageing-related deterioration of lung function and structure by maintaining AEC2 integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Navarro
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Craniofacial Biology Graduate Program, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raghava Reddy
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jooeun Lee
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barbara Driscoll
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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269
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Sommese L, Zullo A, Mancini FP, Fabbricini R, Soricelli A, Napoli C. Clinical relevance of epigenetics in the onset and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epigenetics 2017; 12:401-415. [PMID: 28059593 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1278097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is involved in the altered expression of gene networks that underlie insulin resistance and insufficiency. Major genes controlling β-cell differentiation and function, such as PAX4, PDX1, and GLP1 receptor, are epigenetically controlled. Epigenetics can cause insulin resistance through immunomediated pro-inflammatory actions related to several factors, such as NF-kB, osteopontin, and Toll-like receptors. Hereafter, we provide a critical and comprehensive summary on this topic with a particular emphasis on translational and clinical aspects. We discuss the effect of epigenetics on β-cell regeneration for cell replacement therapy, the emerging bioinformatics approaches for analyzing the epigenetic contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the epigenetic core of the transgenerational inheritance hypothesis in T2DM, and the epigenetic clinical trials on T2DM. Therefore, prevention or reversion of the epigenetic changes occurring during T2DM development may reduce the individual and societal burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- a U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology , Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli ," Italy.,b Department of Experimental Medicine , Second University of Naples , Italy
| | - Alberto Zullo
- c Department of Sciences and Technologies , University of Sannio , Benevento , Italy.,d CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Rossella Fabbricini
- a U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology , Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli ," Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- e IRCCS Research Institute SDN , Naples , Italy.,f Department of Studies of Institutions and Territorial Systems , University of Naples Parthenope , Naples , Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- a U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology , Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli ," Italy.,e IRCCS Research Institute SDN , Naples , Italy.,g Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences , Second University of Naples , Italy
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270
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Mei ZG, Tan LJ, Wang JF, Li XL, Huang WF, Zhou HJ. Fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuates ischemic stroke by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:425-432. [PMID: 28469657 PMCID: PMC5399720 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.202946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae (Gegen), salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), radix curcuma (Jianghuang), hawthorn (Shanzha), salvia chinensis (Shijianchuan), sinapis alba (Baijiezi), astragalus (Huangqi), panax japonicas (Zhujieshen), atractylodes macrocephala koidz (Baizhu), radix paeoniae alba (Baishao), bupleurum (Chaihu), chrysanthemum (Juhua), rhizoma cyperi (Xiangfu) and gastrodin (Tianma), whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus, bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes. Shuan-Tong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke, migraine, and vascular dementia. Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells. However, the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood. Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 mL/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced. The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores. Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side. In addition, Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax. Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days, four times, reversed the above changes. These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Mei
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Translational Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling-Jing Tan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Translational Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hua-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Neurology, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
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271
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Jia Y, Han S, Li J, Wang H, Liu J, Li N, Yang X, Shi J, Han J, Li Y, Bai X, Su L, Hu D. IRF8 is the target of SIRT1 for the inflammation response in macrophages. Innate Immun 2016; 23:188-195. [PMID: 28008797 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916683751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III histone deacetylase SIRT1 has recently emerged as a critical immune regulator by suppressing T-cell immunity and macrophage activation during inflammation, but its mechanism in regulating inflammatory response in macrophages remains unclear. Here we show that the expression of SIRT1 in macrophage cells decreased following the release of inflammation cytokines when the cells were stimulated with LPS. IRF8, an important regulator in monocyte differentiation and macrophage polarization, showed the opposite trend, with SIRT1 expression levels increasing after the cells treated with LPS. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments showed that SIRT1 could not only interact with IRF8, but also deacetylate it. LPS treatment had no effect on the expression of IRF8 in macrophage cells in which sirt1 was specifically deleted. Our results show that IRF8 may be the target of histone deacetylase SIRT1 to regulate the inflammation in the macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Jia
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhi Bai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linlin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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272
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Liu X, Yang T, Sun T, Shao K. SIRT1‑mediated regulation of oxidative stress induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides in human alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:813-818. [PMID: 28000862 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+‑dependent deacetylase that exhibits multiple biological functions, including cell differentiation inhibition, transcription regulation, cell cycle regulation and anti‑apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial virulence factors produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and serve an important role in adjusting the interactions between the host and the pathogen. However, the effect of SIRT1 in the regulation of LPS‑induced A459 human alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) oxidative stress remains unclear. The cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined in A549 cells that were supplemented with LPS. Relative cell signaling pathway proteins were further investigated by western blot analysis. It was identified that LPS downregulated SIRT1 expression, however, upregulated ROS generation, which was associated with the increase of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and acetyl‑NF‑κB. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol significantly reversed the effects of LPS on A549 cells. By contrast, inhibition of SIRT1 by nicotinamide had the opposite effects that enhance cell ROS production. Thus, the results indicated that SIRT1 serves an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress induced by LPS in human AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Tieying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Kuiqing Shao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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273
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SIRT1 regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced CD40 expression in renal medullary collecting duct cells by suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2016; 170:100-107. [PMID: 27916733 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence indicates that sirtuin1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, exerts a protective effect against inflammatory kidney injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The co-stimulatory molecule, CD40, is expressed in a variety of inflammatory diseases in the kidney. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of SIRT1 on CD40 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to disclose the underlying mechanisms in renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. MAIN METHODS mRNA and protein expressions were identified by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Subcellular localization of SIRT1 and CD40 were respectively detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) was carried out for mechanism study. KEY FINDINGS LPS reduced SIRT1 expression and up-regulated the expression of CD40, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phospho-NF-κBp65 (p-NF-κBp65) in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Moreover, SIRT1 overexpression or activation by SRT1720 diminished the expression of CD40, TLR4 and p-NF-κBp65, which was reversed by SIRT1 siRNA or inhibitors Ex527 and sirtinol in LPS-stimulated IMCD cells. In addition, knockdown of TLR4 decreased the expression of CD40 and p-NF-κBp65 in IMCD cells exposed to LPS. Knockdown of NF-κBp65 or NF-κBp65 inhibition by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) reduced LPS-induced CD40 expression in IMCD cells. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on the expression of CD40 and p-NF-κBp65 was augmented by pre-treating with TLR4 siRNA. SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate that SIRT1 inhibits LPS-induced CD40 expression in IMCD cells by suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, which might provide novel insight into understanding the protective effect of SIRT1 in kidney.
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274
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Jęśko H, Wencel P, Strosznajder RP, Strosznajder JB. Sirtuins and Their Roles in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:876-890. [PMID: 27882448 PMCID: PMC5357501 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are unique histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose activity depends on NAD+ levels and thus on the cellular metabolic status. SIRTs regulate energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. They orchestrate the stress response and damage repair. Through these functions sirtuins modulate the course of aging and affect neurodegenerative diseases. SIRTSs interact with multiple signaling proteins, transcription factors (TFs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) another class of NAD+-dependent post-translational protein modifiers. The cross-talk between SIRTs TFs and PARPs is a highly promising research target in a number of brain pathologies. This review describes updated results on sirtuins in brain aging/neurodegeneration. It focuses on SIRT1 but also on the roles of mitochondrial SIRTs (SIRT3, 4, 5) and on SIRT6 and SIRT2 localized in the nucleus and in cytosol, respectively. The involvement of SIRTs in regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling in the brain during aging and in Alzheimer's disease was also focused. Moreover, we analyze the mechanism(s) and potential significance of interactions between SIRTs and several TFs in the regulation of cell survival and death. A critical view is given on the application of SIRT activators/modulators in therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
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275
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Silva Santos LF, Stolfo A, Calloni C, Salvador M. Catechin and epicatechin reduce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by amiodarone in human lung fibroblasts. J Arrhythm 2016; 33:220-225. [PMID: 28607618 PMCID: PMC5459414 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amiodarone (AMD) and its metabolite N-desethylamiodarone can cause some adverse effects, which include pulmonary toxicity. Some studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may play a role in these adverse effects. Catechin and epicatechin are recognized as important phenolic compounds with the ability to decrease oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of catechin and epicatechin to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage caused by AMD in human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Methods Mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed through the activity of mitochondrial complex I and ATP biosynthesis. Cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were measured spectrophotometrically at 480 and 240 nm, respectively. Lipid and protein oxidative levels were determined by thiobarbituric reactive substances and protein carbonyl assays, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated using the Griess reaction method. Results AMD was able to inhibit the activity of mitochondrial complex I and ATP biosynthesis in MRC-5 cells. Lipid and protein oxidative markers increased along with cell death, while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and NO production decreased with AMD treatment. Both catechin and epicatechin circumvented mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby restoring the activity of mitochondrial complex I and ATP biosynthesis. Furthermore, the phenolic compounds were able to restore the imbalance in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities as well as the decrease in NO levels induced by AMD. Protein and lipid oxidative damage and cell death were reduced by catechin and epicatechin in AMD-treated cells. Conclusions Catechin and epicatechin reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by AMD in MRC-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Fernandes Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Adriana Stolfo
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Caroline Calloni
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
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276
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Sirtuin 1 activation protects against early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2416. [PMID: 27735947 PMCID: PMC5133967 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is implicated in a wide range of cellular functions, such as oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the change of SIRT1 in the brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its role on SAH-induced early brain injury (EBI). In the first set of experiments, rats were randomly divided into sham group and SAH groups at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The expression of SIRT1 was evaluated by western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In another set of experiments, SIRT1-specific inhibitor (sirtinol) and activator (activator 3) were exploited to study the role of SIRT1 in SAH-induced EBI. It showed that the protein level of SIRT1 was markedly elevated at the early stage of SAH and peaked at 24 h after SAH. The expression of SIRT1 could be observed in neurons and microglia, and the enhanced SIRT1 was mainly located in neurons after SAH. Administration of sirtinol inhibited the expression and activation of SIRT1 pathways after SAH, while activator 3 enhanced the expression and activation of SIRT1 pathways after SAH. In addition, inhibition of SIRT1 could exacerbate forkhead transcription factors of the O class-, nuclear factor-kappa B- and p53-induced oxidative damage, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, leading to aggravated brain injury after SAH. In contrast, activator 3 treatment could reduce forkhead transcription factors of the O class-, nuclear factor-kappa B-, and p53-induced oxidative damage, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis to protect against EBI. These results suggest that SIRT1 plays an important role in neuroprotection against EBI after SAH by deacetylation and subsequent inhibition of forkhead transcription factors of the O class-, nuclear factor-kappa B-, and p53-induced oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. SIRT1 might be a new promising molecular target for SAH.
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277
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Hypolipidaemic function of Hsian-tsao tea ( Mesona procumbens Hemsl.): Working mechanisms and active components. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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278
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Sarma A, Sharma VP, Sarkar AB, Sekar MC, Samuel K, Geusz ME. The circadian clock modulates anti-cancer properties of curcumin. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:759. [PMID: 27680947 PMCID: PMC5041585 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Curcuminoids of the spice turmeric and their enhanced derivatives have much potential as cancer treatments. They act on a wide variety of biological pathways, including those regulating cell division and circadian rhythms. It is known that circadian clocks can modify cancer therapy effectiveness, according to studies aimed at optimizing treatments based on the circadian cycle. It is therefore important to determine whether treatments with curcumin or similar chemotherapeutic agents are regulated by circadian timing. Similarly, it is important to characterize any effects of curcumin on timing abilities of the circadian clocks within cancer cells. Methods We examined the circadian clock’s impact on the timing of cell death and cell division in curcumin-treated C6 rat glioma cells through continuous video microscopy for several days. To evaluate its persistence and distribution in cancer cells, curcumin was localized within cell compartments by imaging its autofluorescence. Finally, HPLC and spectroscopy were used to determine the relative stabilities of the curcumin congeners demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin that are present in turmeric. Results Circadian rhythms in cell death were observed in response to low (5 μM) curcumin, reaching a peak several hours before the peak in rhythmic expression of mPER2 protein, a major circadian clock component. These results revealed a sensitive phase of the circadian cycle that could be effectively targeted in patient therapies based on curcumin or its analogs. Curcumin fluorescence was observed in cell compartments at least 24 h after treatment, and the two congeners displayed greater stability than curcumin in cell culture medium. Conclusions We propose a mechanism whereby curcuminoids act in a sustained manner, over several days, despite their tendency to degrade rapidly in blood and other aqueous media. During cancer therapy, curcumin or its analogs should be delivered to tumor cells at the optimal phase for highest efficacy after identifying the circadian phase of the cancer cells. We confirmed the greater stability of the curcumin congeners, suggesting that they may produce sustained toxicity in cancer cells and should be considered for use in patient care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2789-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashapurna Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Vishal P Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arindam B Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA
| | - M Chandra Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA
| | - Karunakar Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Michael E Geusz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, 217 Life Science Building, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.
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279
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Synergic chemoprevention with dietary carbohydrate restriction and supplementation of AMPK-activating phytochemicals: the role of SIRT1. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:54-64. [PMID: 25747515 PMCID: PMC4885538 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction or a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) can increase life span in normal cells while inhibiting carcinogenesis. Various phytochemicals also have calorie restriction-mimetic anticancer properties. We investigated whether an isocaloric carbohydrate-restriction diet and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activating phytochemicals induce synergic tumor suppression. We used a mixture of AMPK-activating phytochemical extracts including curcumin, quercetin, catechins, and resveratrol. Survival analysis was carried out in a B16F10 melanoma model fed a control diet (62.14% kcal carbohydrate, 24.65% kcal protein and 13.2% kcal fat), a control diet with multiple phytochemicals (MP), LCD (16.5, 55.2, and 28.3% kcal, respectively), LCD with multiple phytochemicals (LCDmp), a moderate-carbohydrate diet (MCD, 31.9, 62.4, and 5.7% kcal, respectively), or MCD with phytochemicals (MCDmp). Compared with the control group, MP, LCD, or MCD intervention did not produce survival benefit, but LCDmp (22.80±1.58 vs. 28.00±1.64 days, P=0.040) and MCDmp (23.80±1.08 vs. 30.13±2.29 days, P=0.008) increased the median survival time significantly. Suppression of the IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/LKB1pathway, and NF-κB suppression were the critical tumor-suppression mechanisms. In addition, SIRT1 suppressed proliferation of the B16F10 and A375SM cells under a low-glucose condition. Alterations in histone methylation within Pten and FoxO3a were observed after the MCDmp intervention. In the transgenic liver cancer model developed by hydrodynamic transfection of the HrasG12V and shp53, MCDmp and LCDmp interventions induced significant cancer-prevention effects. Microarray analysis showed that PPARα increased with decreased IL-6 and NF-κB within the hepatocytes after an MCDmp intervention. In conclusion, an isocaloric carbohydrate-restriction diet and natural AMPK-activating agents induce synergistic anticancer effects. SIRT1 acts as a tumor suppressor under a low-glucose condition.
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280
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090581. [PMID: 27657126 PMCID: PMC5037565 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the anti-cancer activity of polyphenols will also be highlighted. In addition, the potential of polyphenols to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) via various mechanisms will be explained. Recently, the use of natural products as chemotherapeutics and chemopreventive drugs to overcome the side effects and resistance that arise from using chemical-based agents has garnered the attention of the scientific community. Polyphenol research is considered a promising field in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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281
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Tomaciello F, Leclercq K, Kaminski RM. Resveratrol lacks protective activity against acute seizures in mouse models. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:199-203. [PMID: 27600732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4',5-stilbenetriol) is a natural product having diverse anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The compound has a wide spectrum of pharmacological and metabolic activity, including cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic and anti-aging effects reported in numerous studies. Some reports also suggest potential anticonvulsant properties of resveratrol. In the present study, we used in mice three different seizure models which are routinely applied in preclinical drug discovery. The protective effects of resveratrol were evaluated in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), maximal electroshock (MES) and 6-Hz electrical seizure models. Resveratrol (up to 300mg/kg) administered ip (5-60min pre-treatment time) remained without any protective activity against seizures induced in these models. There was only a trend towards a delay in seizure latency, which reached statistical significance after treatment with resveratrol (100mg/kg; 15min) in case of tonic convulsions induced by PTZ. Phenobarbital (PHB, ip, 45min), used as a reference compound, displayed a clear-cut and dose-dependent protection against seizures in all the models. The ED50 values obtained with PHB were as follows: 7.3mg/kg (PTZ model), 13.3mg/kg (MES model) and 29.7mg/kg (6-Hz model). The present data demonstrate that an acute treatment with resveratrol does not provide any significant protection in three seizure models which collectively are able to detect anticonvulsants with diverse mechanisms of action. However, it cannot be excluded that chronic treatment with resveratrol may offer some protection in these or other seizure models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tomaciello
- UCB Pharma, Neurosciences TA, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Faculty of Science, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Karine Leclercq
- UCB Pharma, Neurosciences TA, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium.
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282
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Saldanha JF, Leal VO, Rizzetto F, Grimmer GH, Ribeiro-Alves M, Daleprane JB, Carraro-Eduardo JC, Mafra D. Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation in Nrf2 and NF-κB Expressions in Nondialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial. J Ren Nutr 2016; 26:401-406. [PMID: 27523436 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resveratrol is a phenolic compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, resulting from enhanced antioxidant enzymes production and modulating nuclear factors involved in the inflammation-oxidative stress cycle, as nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). OBJECTIVE The study aim was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on Nrf2 and NF-κB expression in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was performed in 20 nondialyzed CKD patients (62.0 ± 8.0 years old, 45% men, body mass index of 27.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 34.0 ± 13.0 mL/minute). Eleven patients were randomly allocated to "placebo first" (4 weeks placebo; 8 weeks washout, 4 weeks 500 mg of resveratrol/day) and 9 to "resveratrol first" (4 weeks 500 mg of resveratrol/day, 8 weeks washout, 4 weeks placebo). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and processed for expression Nrf2 and NF-κB by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes were also measured. RESULTS The effect size of Nrf2 supplementation (-0.13, P = .29) and NF-κB (0.09, P = .31) was not significant. There was no difference in proinflammatory biomarkers or antioxidant biomarkers after resveratrol supplementation. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, 500 mg of resveratrol supplementation for 4 weeks had no antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in nondialyzed CKD patients. Additional studies with differing doses and/or time of treatment should be conducted to better elucidate the effects of the resveratrol supplementation in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F Saldanha
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Viviane O Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rizzetto
- Division of Nutrition, Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Grimmer
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology, INI, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio B Daleprane
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José C Carraro-Eduardo
- University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Medicine Faculty of Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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283
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Asseburg H, Schäfer C, Müller M, Hagl S, Pohland M, Berressem D, Borchiellini M, Plank C, Eckert GP. Effects of Grape Skin Extract on Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Memory and Life Span in C57BL/6J Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:378-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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284
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Li RL, Lu ZY, Huang JJ, Qi J, Hu A, Su ZX, Zhang L, Li Y, Shi YQ, Hao CN, Duan JL. SRT1720, a SIRT1 specific activator, protected H2O2-induced senescent endothelium. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2876-2888. [PMID: 27508009 PMCID: PMC4969425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis via modulating senescent-related signal pathway, however, the molecular mechanism remains modest clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine whether SIRT1 specific activator SRT1720 would exhibit pro-angiogenic and anti-aging properties in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced endothelial senescence, and determine the underlying mechanisms. We pre-treated senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with SRT1720, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, apoptosis, migration, tube formation, proliferation and angiogenic factors were quantitatively examined. The results revealed that pharmacologic activation of SIRT1 by SRT1720 rescued apoptotic HUVECs and upregulated angiogenic response through reinforcing the protein expressions of angiogenic and survival factors in vitro. Furthermore, we confirmed that the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphoryl-Akt were augmented in SRT1720-treated senescent HUVECs. In conclusion, our data indicated that SRT1720 could protect against endothelial senescence and maintain cell function via Akt/eNOS/VEGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Li
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Lu
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing-Juan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityHuaihai Xi Road 241, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - An Hu
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and TechnologyMeilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carve College of Medicine 2000 Medical Laboratories25 South Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yi-Qin Shi
- Department of Nephrology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityFenglin Road 180, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang-Ning Hao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineDongfang Road 1630, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun-Li Duan
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineKongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
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285
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Hu MZ, Zhou B, Mao HY, Sheng Q, Du B, Chen JL, Pang QF, Ji Y. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Postconditioning Protects Isolated Rat Hearts From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Sirt1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Int Heart J 2016; 57:477-82. [PMID: 27357440 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirt1 is a highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) dependent histone deacetylase which plays an important role in heart diseases. Studies performed with Sirt1 activators indicated that it protects cells from ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. The protective effects of H2S against I/R injury also have been recognized. Hence, the present study was designed to explore whether Sirt1/PGC-1α participates in the protection of exogenous H2S postconditioning against I/R injury in isolated rat hearts. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion after 20 minutes of equilibrium. During this procedure, the hearts were exposed to NaHS (10 μmol/L) treatment in the absence or presence of the selective Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 (10 μmol/L). NaHS exerted a protective effect on isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R, as shown by the improved expression of Sirt1/PGC-1α associated with restoration of Sirt1 nuclear localization, cardiac function, decreased myocardial infarct size, decreased myocardial enzyme release, and several biochemical parameters, including up-regulation of the ATP and SOD levels, and down-regulation of the MDA level. However, treatment with EX-527 could partially prevent the above effects of NaHS postconditioning. These results indicate that H2S confers protective effects against I/R injury through the activation of Sirt1/PGC1α.
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286
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Grape seed flavanols decrease blood pressure via Sirt-1 and confer a vasoprotective pattern in rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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287
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Rigacci S, Stefani M. Nutraceutical Properties of Olive Oil Polyphenols. An Itinerary from Cultured Cells through Animal Models to Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060843. [PMID: 27258251 PMCID: PMC4926377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest in the Mediterranean diet hinges on its healthy and anti-ageing properties. The composition of fatty acids, vitamins and polyphenols in olive oil, a key component of this diet, is considered a key feature of its healthy properties. Therefore, it is of significance that the Rod of Asclepius lying on a world map surrounded by olive tree branches has been chosen by the World Health Organization as a symbol of both peace and well-being. This review travels through most of the current and past research, recapitulating the biochemical and physiological correlations of the beneficial properties of olive tree (Olea europaea) polyphenols and their derivatives found in olive oil. The factors influencing the content and beneficial properties of olive oil polyphenols will also be taken into account together with their bioavailability. Finally, the data on the clinical and epidemiological relevance of olive oil and its polyphenols for longevity and against age- and lifestyle-associated pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rigacci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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288
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Harada G, Pattarawat P, Ito K, Matsumoto T, Hasegawa T, Katakura Y. Lactobacillus brevis T2102 suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells by activating SIRT1. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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289
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Na JY, Song K, Kim S, Kwon J. Rutin protects rat articular chondrocytes against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide through SIRT1 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1301-1308. [PMID: 27086847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The progressive degeneration and ossification of articular chondrocytes are main symptoms in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Several flavonoids may provide an adjunctive alternative for the management of moderate OA in humans. Rutin, a natural flavone derivative (quercetin-3-rhamnosylglucoside), is well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties against oxidative stress. However, the protective function of rutin related to OA, which is characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage, remains unclear. The present study investigated the protective effects of rutin, an activator of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), involved in the inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in rat chondrocytes. SIRT1 activation by rutin attenuated levels of inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB/MAPK signaling, whereas the inhibition of SIRT1 by sirtinol counteracted the beneficial effects of rutin in H2O2-treated chondrocytes. The findings of these studies suggested the potential involvement of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of OA, and indicated that rutin is a possible therapeutic option for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Na
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibbeum Song
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungkee Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobongro, Iksan, 570-752, Republic of Korea.
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Abu-Amero KK, Kondkar AA, Chalam KV. Resveratrol and Ophthalmic Diseases. Nutrients 2016; 8:200. [PMID: 27058553 PMCID: PMC4848669 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring plant polyphenol found in grapes, is the principal biologically active component in red wine. Clinical studies have shown that resveratrol due to its potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are cardio-protective, chemotherapeutic, neuroprotective, and display anti-aging effects. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the initiation and progression of age-related ocular diseases (glaucoma, cataract, diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration) that lead to progressive loss of vision and blindness. In vitro and in vivo (animal model) experimental studies performed so far have provided evidence for the biological effects of resveratrol on numerous pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, pro-survival or angiogenesis that are implicated in the pathogenesis of these age-related ocular disorders. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current scientific literature on resveratrol, its plausible mechanism(s) of action, its potential use and current limitations as a nutritional therapeutic intervention in the eye and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled K Abu-Amero
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, FL 32209, USA.
- Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11424, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Altaf A Kondkar
- Glaucoma Research Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11424, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kakarla V Chalam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, FL 32209, USA.
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291
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Siard MH, McMurry KE, Adams AA. Effects of polyphenols including curcuminoids, resveratrol, quercetin, pterostilbene, and hydroxypterostilbene on lymphocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine production of senior horses in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 173:50-9. [PMID: 27090627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Senior horses (aged ≥ 20 years) exhibit increased chronic, low-grade inflammation systemically, termed inflamm-aging. Inflammation is associated with many afflictions common to the horse, including laminitis and osteoarthritis, which are commonly treated with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone. Although these NSAIDs are effective in treating acute inflammatory problems, long-term treatment with NSAIDs can result in negative side effects. Thus, bioactive polyphenols including curcuminoids, resveratrol, quercetin, pterostilbene, and hydroxypterostilbene were investigated to determine their effectiveness as anti-inflammatory agents in vitro. Heparinized blood was collected via jugular venipuncture from senior horses (n = 6; mean age = 26 ± 2 years), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated using a Ficoll density gradient. PBMC were then incubated 22 h at 37°C, 5% CO2 with multiple concentrations (320, 160, 80, 40, 20, 10 μM) of all five polyphenols (curcuminoids, resveratrol, quercetin, pterostilbene, and hydroxypterostilbene), dissolved in DMSO to achieve the aforementioned concentrations. PBMC were stimulated the last 4h of the incubation period with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin and Brefeldin A (BFA). A Vicell-XR counter evaluated cell viability following incubation. PBMC were stained intracellularly for interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and analyzed via flow cytometry. Data was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Viability of PBMC incubated with various compound concentrations were compared with PBMC incubated with DMSO alone (positive control) to determine at what concentration each compound caused cytotoxicity. The highest concentration at which cell viability did not significantly differ from the positive control was: 20 μM for curcuminoids, 40 μM for hydroxypterostilbene, 80 μM for pterostilbene, and 160 μM for quercetin and resveratrol. Flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone were then evaluated within this range of optimal concentrations for the polyphenol compounds (160, 80, 40, 20 μM) to compare the polyphenols to NSAIDs at equivalent concentrations. The highest concentration at which viability did not significantly differ from the positive control was: 40 μM for flunixin meglumine and 160 μM for phenylbutazone. All five polyphenols and flunixin meglumine significantly decreased lymphocyte production of IFN-γ, while only hydroxypterostilbene, pterostilbene, quercetin, and resveratrol significantly reduced lymphocyte production of TNF-α compared to the positive control (p < 0.05). Polyphenols performed similarly to or more effectively than common NSAIDs in reducing lymphocyte production of inflammatory cytokines of the senior horse in vitro. This study therefore supports the further investigation of polyphenols to determine whether they may be effective anti-inflammatory treatments for chronic inflammation in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Siard
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Kellie E McMurry
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Amanda A Adams
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
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292
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Yuan Y, Cruzat VF, Newsholme P, Cheng J, Chen Y, Lu Y. Regulation of SIRT1 in aging: Roles in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 155:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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293
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. At the interface of antioxidant signalling and cellular function: Key polyphenol effects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1770-88. [PMID: 26887821 PMCID: PMC5021119 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that dietary (poly)phenols promote well‐being by improving chronic disease‐risk biomarkers, such as endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and plasma uric acid, is the subject of intense current research, involving human interventions studies, animal models and in vitro mechanistic work. The original claim that benefits were due to the direct antioxidant properties of (poly)phenols has been mostly superseded by detailed mechanistic studies on specific molecular targets. Nevertheless, many proposed mechanisms in vivo and in vitro are due to modulation of oxidative processes, often involving binding to specific proteins and effects on cell signalling. We review the molecular mechanisms for 3 actions of (poly)phenols on oxidative processes where there is evidence in vivo from human intervention or animal studies. (1) Effects of (poly) phenols on pathways of chronic inflammation leading to prevention of some of the damaging effects associated with the metabolic syndrome. (2) Interaction of (poly)phenols with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, leading to effects on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, and consequent reduction in cardiovascular disease risk. (3) The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase leading to modulation of intracellular superoxide and plasma uric acid, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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294
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Cetrullo S, D'Adamo S, Guidotti S, Borzì RM, Flamigni F. Hydroxytyrosol prevents chondrocyte death under oxidative stress by inducing autophagy through sirtuin 1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1181-91. [PMID: 26947008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a major phenolic antioxidant found in olive oil, can afford protection from oxidative stress in several types of non-tumoral cells, including chondrocytes. Autophagy was recently identified as a protective process during osteoarthritis (OA) development and critical for survival of chondrocytes. Therefore we have investigated the possibility to modulate chondrocyte autophagy by HT treatment. METHODS DNA damage and cell death were estimated in human C-28/I2 and primary OA chondrocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide. Autophagic flux and mitophagy were monitored by measuring levels and location of autophagy markers through western blot, immunostaining and confocal laser microscopy. Late autophagic vacuoles were stained with monodansylcadaverine. The involvement of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and gene silencing with specific siRNA. RESULTS HT increases markers of autophagy and protects chondrocytes from DNA damage and cell death induced by oxidative stress. The protective effect requires the deacetylase SIRT-1, which accumulated in the nucleus following HT treatment. In fact silencing of this enzyme prevented HT from promoting the autophagic process and cell survival. Furthermore HT supports autophagy even in a SIRT-1-independent manner, by increasing p62 transcription, required for autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin-containing bodies. CONCLUSIONS These results support the potential of HT as a chondroprotective nutraceutical compound against OA, not merely for its antioxidant ability, but as an autophagy and SIRT-1 inducer as well. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HT may exert a cytoprotective action by promoting autophagy in cell types that may be damaged in degenerative diseases by oxidative and other stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Guidotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia and Rigenerazione Tissutale/Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia and Rigenerazione Tissutale/Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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295
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Ferri P, Angelino D, Gennari L, Benedetti S, Ambrogini P, Del Grande P, Ninfali P. Enhancement of flavonoid ability to cross the blood-brain barrier of rats by co-administration with α-tocopherol. Food Funct 2016; 6:394-400. [PMID: 25474041 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00817k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E and polyphenols could exhibit a therapeutic role in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents an important issue to be explored by different diet combinations. In this study, we have evaluated the ability of α-tocopherol to support epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin and rutin to cross the BBB, following oral administration. Eighteen rats were fed a standard diet (C), a diet supplemented with α-tocopherol (A), with a mixture of EGCG, quercetin and rutin (P); or with a mixture of α-tocopherol and the three flavonoids (AP). Flavonoids and their conjugated derivatives were assayed in brain and plasma by HPLC-MS, whereas α-tocopherol was detected by RP-HPLC. The oxidative damage, due to the potential pro-oxidant activity of flavonoids, was evaluated by the presence of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in hippocampal Cornus Ammonis, one of the most vulnerable sites in the brain. Our results indicate that α-tocopherol is able to promote quercetin transport across the BBB. The mixture of rutin and quercetin seems to favour the accumulation of quercetin and/or its conjugated derivatives in the brain. In contrast, α-tocopherol does not affect EGCG transport across the BBB. The densitometric analysis of 8-OHdG immunoreactivity does not reveal any difference of oxidative damage among the experimental groups. Our results suggest that α-tocopherol may promote quercetin transport across the BBB, leading to a significant increase of α-tocopherol and quercetin concentration in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ferri
- Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Ca' Le Suore 2/4, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
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296
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Park D, Jeong H, Lee MN, Koh A, Kwon O, Yang YR, Noh J, Suh PG, Park H, Ryu SH. Resveratrol induces autophagy by directly inhibiting mTOR through ATP competition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21772. [PMID: 26902888 PMCID: PMC4763238 DOI: 10.1038/srep21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol that has a beneficial effect on health, and resveratrol-induced autophagy has been suggested to be a key process in mediating many beneficial effects of resveratrol, such as reduction of inflammation and induction of cancer cell death. Although various resveratrol targets have been suggested, the molecule that mediates resveratrol-induced autophagy remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that resveratrol induces autophagy by directly inhibiting the mTOR-ULK1 pathway. We found that inhibition of mTOR activity and presence of ULK1 are required for autophagy induction by resveratrol. In line with this mTOR dependency, we found that resveratrol suppresses the viability of MCF7 cells but not of SW620 cells, which are mTOR inhibitor sensitive and insensitive cancer cells, respectively. We also found that resveratrol-induced cancer cell suppression occurred ULK1 dependently. For the mechanism of action of resveratrol on mTOR inhibition, we demonstrate that resveratrol directly inhibits mTOR. We found that resveratrol inhibits mTOR by docking onto the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR (i.e., it competes with ATP). We propose mTOR as a novel direct target of resveratrol, and inhibition of mTOR is necessary for autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoon Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Nam Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Koh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohman Kwon
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Noh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 98 Kunja-Dong, Kwangjin-Ku, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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297
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Kumar G, Mittal S, Sak K, Tuli HS. Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive potential of curcumin: Current challenges and future perspectives. Life Sci 2016; 148:313-28. [PMID: 26876915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, natural compounds have received considerable attention in preventing and curing most dreadful diseases including cancer. The reason behind the use of natural compounds in chemoprevention is associated with fewer numbers of side effects than conventional chemotherapeutics. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane, PubMed CID: 969516), a naturally occurring polyphenol, is derived from turmeric, which is used as a common Indian spice. It governs numerous intracellular targets, including proteins involved in antioxidant response, immune response, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and tumor progression. A huge mass of available studies strongly supports the use of Curcumin as a chemopreventive drug. However, the main challenge encountered is the low bioavailability of Curcumin. This extensive review covers various therapeutic interactions of Curcumin with its recognized cellular targets involved in cancer treatment, strategies to overcome the bioavailability issue and adverse effects associated with Curcumin consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Delhi University, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Mittal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mulana-Ambala, India.
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298
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Carnosic acid attenuates neuropathic pain in rat through the activation of spinal sirtuin1 and down-regulation of p66shc expression. Neurochem Int 2016; 93:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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299
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Ahmadzadeh-Amiri A, Ahmadzadeh-Amiri A. Epigenetic Diabetic Vascular Complications. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jpr-3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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300
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Khan S, Shukla S, Sinha S, Meeran SM. Epigenetic targets in cancer and aging: dietary and therapeutic interventions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:689-703. [PMID: 26667209 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1132702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in normal growth and embryonic development by controlling the transcriptional activities of several genes. A growing number of epigenetic changes have been reported in the regulation of key genes involved in cancer and aging. Drugs with epigenetic modulatory activities, mainly histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, have received wider attention in aging and cancer research. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the major epigenetic alterations in cancer and aging, with special emphasis on possible therapeutic targets and interventions by dietary as well as bioactive phytochemicals. EXPERT OPINION Some epigenetic-targeting drugs have received FDA approval and many others are undergoing different phases of clinical trials for cancer therapy. In addition to the synthetic compounds, several bioactive phytochemicals and dietary interventions, such as caloric restriction, have been shown to possess epigenetic modulatory activities in multiple cancers. These epigenetic modulators have been shown to delay aging and minimize the risk of cancer both in preclinical as well as clinical models. Therefore, knowledge of bioactive phytochemicals along with dietary interventions can be utilized for cancer prevention and therapy both alone and with existing drugs to achieve optimum efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Khan
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Sonam Sinha
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- a Division of Endocrinology , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
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