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Modification of the HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response in an HIV elite controller after chikungunya virus infection. AIDS 2016; 30:1905-11. [PMID: 27124898 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on the quality of the HIV-specific CD8 T-cell (CTL) response in an HIV elite controller. DESIGN Three blood samples were obtained from an elite controller at 27 days (EC-CHIKV, Sample 1, S1), 41 days (S2) and 1 year (S3) after CHIKV infection. Additionally, samples from another nine elite controllers and nine viremic chronics were obtained. METHODS CD4 T-cell counts, viral load and immune activation were recorded. Natural killer (NK) cells and HIV-specific CTL quality were evaluated. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS A male HIV elite controller was confirmed for CHIKV infection. At S1, he presented 211 cells/μl CD4 T-cell count, a HIV viral load blip (145 copies/ml) and high T-cell activation. NK cell percentage and activation were higher at S2. All parameters were recovered by S3. CTLs at S1 were exclusively monofunctional with a high proportion (>80%) of degranulating CTLs. By S3, CTL polyfunctionality was more similar to that of a typical elite controller. The distribution of CTL memory subsets also displayed altered profiles. CONCLUSION The results showed that the phenotype and function of HIV-specific CTLs were modified in temporal association with an HIV viral load blip that followed CHIKV infection. This might have helped to control the transient HIV rebound. Additionally, NK cells could have been involved in this control. These results provide useful information to help understand how elite controllers maintain their status, control HIV infection and alert about the negative impact to the immune function of HIV-infected individuals living in CHIKV endemic areas.
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252
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Sully EK, Geller BL. Antisense antimicrobial therapeutics. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 33:47-55. [PMID: 27375107 PMCID: PMC5069135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Antisense antimicrobial therapeutics are synthetic oligomers that silence expression of specific genes. This specificity confers an advantage over broad-spectrum antibiotics by avoiding unintended effects on commensal bacteria. The sequence-specificity and short length of antisense antimicrobials also pose little risk to human gene expression. Because antisense antimicrobials are a platform technology, they can be rapidly designed and synthesized to target almost any microbe. This reduces drug discovery time, and provides flexibility and a rational approach to drug development. Recent work has shown that antisense technology has the potential to address the antibiotic-resistance crisis, since resistance mechanisms for standard antibiotics apparently have no effect on antisense antimicrobials. Here, we describe current reports of antisense antimicrobials targeted against viruses, parasites, and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Sully
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA
| | - Bruce L Geller
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA.
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253
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Perti T, Lucero-Obusan CA, Schirmer PL, Winters MA, Holodniy M. Chikungunya Fever Cases Identified in the Veterans Health Administration System, 2014. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004630. [PMID: 27144588 PMCID: PMC4856344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During December 2013, the first locally transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the Americas were reported in the Caribbean. Although CHIKV infection is rarely fatal, risk for severe disease increases with age and medical comorbidities. Herein we describe characteristics of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients with CHIKV infection and, among those with infections diagnosed in Puerto Rico, investigated risk factors for hospitalization. Methodology We queried VHA’s national electronic medical records to identify patients with CHIKV testing during 2014. Demographics, clinical history, laboratory results, and outcomes were abstracted. We investigated risk factors for hospitalization among patients with laboratory-confirmed CHIKV infection in Puerto Rico. Principal Findings We identified 180 laboratory-confirmed CHIKV infections; 148 (82.2%) were diagnosed in Puerto Rico, and 32 (17.8%) were diagnosed among returning travelers elsewhere in the United States. In Puerto Rico, where more patients were hospitalized (55.4% versus 20.0%) and died (4.1% versus 0%), risk for hospitalization increased with age (relative risk [RR]/each 10-year increase, 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.32) and, adjusted for age, increased among patients with congestive heart failure (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25–1.99), chronic kidney disease (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.19–1.94), diabetes mellitus (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06–1.84), or chronic lung disease (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03–1.82). Conclusions/Significance CHIKV infection is an emerging problem among Veterans residing in or visiting areas with CHIKV transmission. Although overall mortality rates are low, clinicians in affected areas should be aware that older patients and patients with comorbidities may be at increased risk for severe disease. Infection with mosquito-borne chikungunya virus causes fever and severe diffuse joint pain—an illness known as chikungunya fever, or "that which bends up." Epidemics of chikungunya fever have occurred in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Not until December 2013 were there reports of chikungunya virus infection occurring in the Americas. Since then, it has involved most countries in the Western Hemisphere with >1.1 million cases reported by the end of 2014. Previous data from the Réunion Island outbreak demonstrated that older patients and patients with certain chronic medical conditions may have a higher risk of severe disease. The Veterans Health Administration is the largest health care system in the United States and has facilities in U.S. territories, including Puerto Rico, which has been heavily affected by this epidemic. Among Veterans in Puerto Rico, we investigated risk factors for severe disease and described all chikungunya-associated deaths. Risk for hospitalization increased with age, and for patients of the same age, was increased among those with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or chronic lung disease. Further work is needed to determine whether prevention strategies targeted to those who may be at greatest risk for severe disease could help decrease morbidity and mortality among these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Perti
- Public Health Surveillance & Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C., United States of America.,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A Lucero-Obusan
- Public Health Surveillance & Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Patricia L Schirmer
- Public Health Surveillance & Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Mark A Winters
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Mark Holodniy
- Public Health Surveillance & Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, D.C., United States of America.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
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254
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Sam IC, Kümmerer BM, Chan YF, Roques P, Drosten C, AbuBakar S. Updates on chikungunya epidemiology, clinical disease, and diagnostics. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 15:223-30. [PMID: 25897809 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an Aedes-borne alphavirus, historically found in Africa and Asia, where it caused sporadic outbreaks. In 2004, CHIKV reemerged in East Africa and spread globally to cause epidemics, including, for the first time, autochthonous transmission in Europe, the Middle East, and Oceania. The epidemic strains were of the East/Central/South African genotype. Strains of the Asian genotype of CHIKV continued to cause outbreaks in Asia and spread to Oceania and, in 2013, to the Americas. Acute disease, mainly comprising fever, rash, and arthralgia, was previously regarded as self-limiting; however, there is growing evidence of severe but rare manifestations, such as neurological disease. Furthermore, CHIKV appears to cause a significant burden of long-term morbidity due to persistent arthralgia. Diagnostic assays have advanced greatly in recent years, although there remains a need for simple, accurate, and affordable tests for the developing countries where CHIKV is most prevalent. This review focuses on recent important work on the epidemiology, clinical disease and diagnostics of CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Sam
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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255
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Fonseca BDPFE, Sampaio RB, Fonseca MVDA, Zicker F. Co-authorship network analysis in health research: method and potential use. Health Res Policy Syst 2016; 14:34. [PMID: 27138279 PMCID: PMC4852432 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-016-0104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific collaboration networks are a hallmark of contemporary academic research. Researchers are no longer independent players, but members of teams that bring together complementary skills and multidisciplinary approaches around common goals. Social network analysis and co-authorship networks are increasingly used as powerful tools to assess collaboration trends and to identify leading scientists and organizations. The analysis reveals the social structure of the networks by identifying actors and their connections. This article reviews the method and potential applications of co-authorship network analysis in health. The basic steps for conducting co-authorship studies in health research are described and common network metrics are presented. The application of the method is exemplified by an overview of the global research network for Chikungunya virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Paula Fonseca E Fonseca
- Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av Horacio Macedo 2030, Center of Technology, room G207, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-914, Brazil. .,Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av Brasil 4036, 8th floor, room 814, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Barros Sampaio
- Diretoria Regional de Brasilia (DIREB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av L3 Norte, s/n, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Gleba A, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil.,University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Edifício da Biblioteca Central, Entrada Leste, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius de Araújo Fonseca
- Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av Horacio Macedo 2030, Center of Technology, room G207, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-914, Brazil
| | - Fabio Zicker
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av Brasil 4036, 8th floor, room 814, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil
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256
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Aliota MT, Walker EC, Uribe Yepes A, Dario Velez I, Christensen BM, Osorio JE. The wMel Strain of Wolbachia Reduces Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004677. [PMID: 27124663 PMCID: PMC4849757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New approaches to preventing chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are needed because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations, and they have not prevented the invasion of this virus into new locales, nor have they been sufficient to control the virus upon arrival. A promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (DENV) transmission; however, evidence suggests Wolbachia infections confer protection for Ae. aegypti against CHIKV. Although this approach holds much promise for limiting virus transmission, at present our understanding of the ability of CHIKV to infect, disseminate, and be transmitted by wMel-infected Ae. aegypti currently being used at Wolbachia release sites is limited. Methodology/Principal Findings Using Ae. aegypti infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia that are being released in Medellin, Colombia, we report that these mosquitoes have reduced vector competence for CHIKV, even with extremely high viral titers in the bloodmeal. In addition, we examined the dynamics of CHIKV infection over the course of four to seven days post feeding. Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes remained non-infective over the duration of seven days, i.e., no infectious virus was detected in the saliva when exposed to bloodmeals of moderate viremia, but CHIKV-exposed, wild type mosquitoes did have viral loads in the saliva consistent with what has been reported elsewhere. Finally, the presence of wMel infection had no impact on the lifespan of mosquitoes as compared to wild type mosquitoes following CHIKV infection. Conclusions/Significance These results could have an impact on vector control strategies in areas where Ae. aegypti are transmitting both DENV and CHIKV; i.e., they argue for further exploration, both in the laboratory and the field, on the feasibility of expanding this technology beyond DENV. New approaches to preventing chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are needed because the endemic range of this virus is expanding and because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations, and this approach has not effectively controlled this virus. A promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Wolbachia biocontrol has advanced from laboratory experiments demonstrating that Wolbachia reduces virus replication to small-scale field trials demonstrating that Wolbachia are capable of spreading through wild Ae. aegypti populations. This primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (DENV) transmission; however, Wolbachia infections confer protection for their insect hosts against a range of pathogens including CHIKV in Ae. aegypti. Medium-scale Wolbachia deployments are imminent or in certain instances have commenced. Therefore, assessing whether or not Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti are effective against CHIKV will help inform the viability of Wolbachia biocontrol for CHIKV control. Our study provides valuable evidence that could justify expanding this type of control program to other Ae. aegypti-transmitted arboviruses, primarily CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Emma C. Walker
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander Uribe Yepes
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ivan Dario Velez
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Bruce M. Christensen
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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257
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Staveness D, Abdelnabi R, Near KE, Nakagawa Y, Neyts J, Delang L, Leyssen P, Wender PA. Inhibition of Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death by Salicylate-Derived Bryostatin Analogues Provides Additional Evidence for a PKC-Independent Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:680-4. [PMID: 26900711 PMCID: PMC4942189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been spreading rapidly, with over one million confirmed or suspected cases in the Americas since late 2013. Infection with CHIKV causes devastating arthritic and arthralgic symptoms. Currently, there is no therapy to treat this disease, and the only medications focus on relief of symptoms. Recently, protein kinase C (PKC) modulators have been reported to inhibit CHIKV-induced cell death in cell assays. The salicylate-derived bryostatin analogues described here are structurally simplified PKC modulators that are more synthetically accessible than the natural product bryostatin 1, a PKC modulator and clinical lead for the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and HIV eradication. Evaluation of the anti-CHIKV activity of these salicylate-derived bryostatin analogues in cell culture indicates that they are among the most potent cell-protective agents reported to date. Given that they are more accessible and significantly more active than the parent natural product, they represent new therapeutic leads for controlling CHIKV infection. Significantly, these analogues also provide evidence for the involvement of a PKC-independent pathway. This adds a fundamentally distinct aspect to the importance or involvement of PKC modulation in inhibition of chikungunya virus replication, a topic of recent and growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Staveness
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katherine E. Near
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yu Nakagawa
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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258
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Staveness D, Abdelnabi R, Schrier AJ, Loy B, Verma VA, DeChristopher BA, Near KE, Neyts J, Delang L, Leyssen P, Wender PA. Simplified Bryostatin Analogues Protect Cells from Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:675-9. [PMID: 26900625 PMCID: PMC4928627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus showing a recent resurgence and rapid spread worldwide. While vaccines are under development, there are currently no therapies to treat this disease, except for over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics, which alleviate the devastating arthritic and arthralgic symptoms. To identify novel inhibitors of the virus, analogues of the natural product bryostatin 1, a clinical lead for the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and HIV eradication, were investigated for in vitro antiviral activity and were found to be among the most potent inhibitors of CHIKV replication reported to date. Bryostatin-based therapeutic efforts and even recent anti-CHIKV strategies have centered on modulation of protein kinase C (PKC). Intriguingly, while the C ring of bryostatin primarily drives interactions with PKC, A- and B-ring functionality in these analogues has a significant effect on the observed cell-protective activity. Significantly, bryostatin 1 itself, a potent pan-PKC modulator, is inactive in these assays. These new findings indicate that the observed anti-CHIKV activity is not solely mediated by PKC modulation, suggesting possible as yet unidentified targets for CHIKV therapeutic intervention. The high potency and low toxicity of these bryologs make them promising new leads for the development of a CHIKV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Staveness
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and
Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical
Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adam J. Schrier
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and
Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Brian
A. Loy
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and
Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vishal A. Verma
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and
Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Brian A. DeChristopher
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and
Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Katherine E. Near
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and
Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical
Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- E-mail:
| | - Leen Delang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical
Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical
Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and
Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- E-mail:
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259
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Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a viral infection caused by the Chikungunya virus that causes abrupt onset of fever, debilitating arthralgias and myalgias, and some rare but serious atypical presentations in infected patients. This mosquito-borne virus may not be familiar to North American healthcare providers. This article describes the causes, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic and screening measures, management guidelines, and future research prospects for Chikungunya infection.
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260
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First Chikungunya Outbreak in Suriname; Clinical and Epidemiological Features. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004625. [PMID: 27082985 PMCID: PMC4833344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In June 2014, Suriname faced the first Chikungunya outbreak. Since international reports mostly focus on hospitalized patients, the least affected group, a study was conducted to describe clinical characteristics of mainly outpatients including children. In addition, the cumulative incidence of this first epidemic was investigated. Methodology During August and September 2014, clinically suspected Chikungunya cases were included in a prospective follow-up study. Blood specimens were collected and tested for viral RNA presence. Detailed clinical information was gathered through multiple telephone surveys until day 180. In addition, a three stage household-based cluster with a cross-sectional design was conducted in October, December 2014 and March 2015 to assess the cumulative incidence. Principal Findings Sixty-eight percent of symptomatic patients tested positive for Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Arthralgia and pain in the fingers were distinctive for viremic CHIKV infected patients. Viremic CHIKV infected children (≤12 years) characteristically displayed headache and vomiting, while arthralgia was less common at onset. The disease was cleared within seven days by 20% of the patients, while 22% of the viremic CHIKV infected patients, mostly women and elderly reported persistent arthralgia at day 180. The extrapolated cumulative CHIKV incidence in Paramaribo was 249 cases per 1000 persons, based on CHIKV self-reported cases in 53.1% of the households and 90.4% IgG detected in a subset of self-reported CHIKV+ persons. CHIKV peaked in the dry season and a drastic decrease in CHIKV patients coincided with a governmental campaign to reduce mosquito breeding sites. Conclusions/Significance This study revealed that persistent arthralgia was a concern, but occurred less frequently in an outpatient setting. The data support a less severe pathological outcome for Caribbean CHIKV infections. This study augments incidence data available for first outbreaks in the region and showed that actions undertaken at the national level to mount responses may have positively impacted containment of this CHIKV outbreak. Chikungunya virus is transmitted to humans by mosquito bites and causes fever and joint pain. Chikungunya was first detected in Africa, but recently became a worldwide concern with outbreaks in many (sub)-tropical countries. We report the characteristics of the first outbreak in Suriname (2014–2015). Mainly non-hospitalized patients were followed-up to study the clinical manifestations and course of the disease, after presentation in the respective clinics with the standard Chikungunya symptoms (fever and arthralgia). Twenty percent of follow-up patients could clear the disease within one week and 22% (mostly women and elderly) still had complaints about arthralgia up to 6 months after infection. This is consistent with the assumption that Caribbean Chikungunya viral infection has a less severe pathological outcome. Furthermore, more insight was gained into the symptomatology of children (≤12 years). In addition, house-to-house surveys in Paramaribo were carried out to identify suspected cases to assess the incidence. Almost 25% of the survey participants experienced symptoms consistent with Chikungunya during the nine months spanning the investigation. The launch of a governmental campaign to eliminate mosquito breeding sites coincided with a sharp decline of Chikungunya cases, suggesting that such measures may be important in the containment of future CHIKV outbreaks.
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261
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Lo Presti A, Cella E, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M. Molecular epidemiology, evolution and phylogeny of Chikungunya virus: An updating review. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 41:270-278. [PMID: 27085290 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family, causing a febrile illness associated with severe arthralgia and rash. In this review, we summarized a series of articles published from 2013 to 2016 concerning CHIKV epidemiology, phylogeny, vaccine and therapies, to give an update of our most recent article written in 2014 (Lo Presti et al.,2014). CHIKV infection was first reported in 1952 from Makonde plateaus and since this time caused many outbreaks worldwide, involving the Indian Ocean region, African countries, American continent and Italy. CHIKV infection is still underestimated and it is normally associated with clinical symptoms overlapping with dengue virus, recurring epidemics and mutations within the viral genome. These characteristics promote the geographical spread and the inability to control vector-mediated transmission of the virus. For these reasons, the majority of studies were aimed to describe outbreaks and to enhance knowledge on CHIKV biology, pathogenesis, infection treatment, and prevention. In this review, 16 studies on CHIKV phylogenetic and phylodinamics were considered, during the years 2013-2016. Phylogenetic and phylodinamic analysis are useful tools to investigate how the genealogy of a pathogen population is influenced by pathogen's demographic history, host immunological milieu and environmental/ecological factors. Phylogenetic tools were revealed important to reconstruct the geographic spread of CHIKV during the epidemics wave and to have information on the circulating strains of the virus, that are important for the prediction and control of the epidemics, as well as for vaccines and antiviral drugs development. In conclusion, this updating review can give a critical appraisal of the epidemiology, therapeutic and phylogenesis of CHIKV, reinforcing the need to monitor the geographic spread of virus and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lo Presti
- Department of Infectious Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cella
- Department of Infectious Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Department of Infectious Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Unit of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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262
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Dengue and chikungunya: modelling the expansion of mosquito-borne viruses into naïve populations. Parasitology 2016; 143:860-873. [PMID: 27045211 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the recent global spread of a number of mosquito-borne viruses, there is an urgent need to understand the factors that contribute to the ability of viruses to expand into naïve populations. Using dengue and chikungunya viruses as case studies, we detail the necessary components of the expansion process: presence of the mosquito vector; introduction of the virus; and suitable conditions for local transmission. For each component we review the existing modelling approaches that have been used to understand recent emergence events or to assess the risk of future expansions. We identify gaps in our knowledge that are related to each of the distinct aspects of the human-mosquito transmission cycle: mosquito ecology; human-mosquito contact; mosquito-virus interactions; and human-virus interactions. Bridging these gaps poses challenges to both modellers and empiricists, but only through further integration of models and data will we improve our ability to better understand, and ultimately control, several infectious diseases that exert a significant burden on human health.
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Gorman K, Young J, Pineda L, Márquez R, Sosa N, Bernal D, Torres R, Soto Y, Lacroix R, Naish N, Kaiser P, Tepedino K, Philips G, Kosmann C, Cáceres L. Short-term suppression of Aedes aegypti using genetic control does not facilitate Aedes albopictus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:618-28. [PMID: 26374668 PMCID: PMC5057309 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under permit from the National Biosafety Commission for the use of genetically modified organisms, releases of a genetically engineered self-limiting strain of Aedes aegypti (OX513A) were used to suppress urban pest Ae. aegypti in West Panama. Experimental goals were to assess the effects on a coexisting population of Ae. albopictus and examine operational parameters with relevance to environmental impact. RESULTS Ae. albopictus populations were shown to be increasing year upon year at each of three study sites, potentially reflecting a broader-scale incursion into the area. Ae. albopictus abundance was unaffected by a sustained reduction in Ae. aegypti by up to 93% through repeated releases of OX513A. Males accounted for 99.99% of released OX513A, resulting in a sustained mating fraction of 75%. Mean mating competitiveness of OX513A was 0.14. The proportion of OX513A in the local environment decreased by 95% within 25 days of the final release. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for species replacement of Ae. aegypti by Ae. albopictus over the course of this study. No unintentional environmental impacts or elevated operational risks were observed. The potential for this emerging technology to mitigate against disease outbreaks before they become established is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josué Young
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
| | - Lleysa Pineda
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
| | - Ricardo Márquez
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
| | - Nestor Sosa
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
| | - Damaris Bernal
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
| | - Rolando Torres
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
| | - Yamilitzel Soto
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Cáceres
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Human HealthCiudad de PanamáPanama
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264
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Nava-Frías M, Searcy-Pavía RE, Juárez-Contreras CA, Valencia-Bautista A. Chikungunya fever: current status in Mexico. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2016; 73:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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265
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Zhang X, Xin L, Li S, Fang M, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Lessons learned from successful human vaccines: Delineating key epitopes by dissecting the capsid proteins. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1277-92. [PMID: 25751641 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1016675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant VLP-based vaccines have been successfully used against 3 diseases caused by viral infections: Hepatitis B, cervical cancer and hepatitis E. The VLP approach is attracting increasing attention in vaccine design and development for human and veterinary use. This review summarizes the clinically relevant epitopes on the VLP antigens in successful human vaccines. These virion-like epitopes, which can be delineated with molecular biology, cryo-electron microscopy and x-ray crystallographic methods, are the prerequisites for these efficacious vaccines to elicit functional antibodies. The critical epitopes and key factors influencing these epitopes are discussed for the HEV, HPV and HBV vaccines. A pentamer (for HPV) or a dimer (for HEV and HBV), rather than a monomer, is the basic building block harboring critical epitopes for the assembly of VLP antigen. The processing and formulation of VLP-based vaccines need to be developed to promote the formation and stabilization of these epitopes in the recombinant antigens. Delineating the critical epitopes is essential for antigen design in the early phase of vaccine development and for critical quality attribute analysis in the commercial phase of vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics; National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases; Xiamen University ; Xiamen , Fujian , PR China
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266
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Pastula DM, Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Four emerging arboviral diseases in North America: Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:257-60. [PMID: 26903031 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. There are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. Recently, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in North America. Unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies for these arboviral diseases, so treatment is largely supportive. Given there are also no commercially available vaccines for these four arboviral infections, prevention is the key. To prevent mosquito or tick bites that might result in one of these arboviral diseases, people should wear long-sleeved shirts and pants while outside if feasible, apply insect repellant when going outdoors, using window screens or air conditioning to keep mosquitoes outside, and perform tick checks after being in wooded or brushy outdoor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Pastula
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Daniel E Smith
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J David Beckham
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Tyler
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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267
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Varghese FS, Kaukinen P, Gläsker S, Bespalov M, Hanski L, Wennerberg K, Kümmerer BM, Ahola T. Discovery of berberine, abamectin and ivermectin as antivirals against chikungunya and other alphaviruses. Antiviral Res 2016; 126:117-24. [PMID: 26752081 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic arbovirus of the Alphavirus genus, which has infected millions of people after its re-emergence in the last decade. In this study, a BHK cell line containing a stable CHIKV replicon with a luciferase reporter was used in a high-throughput platform to screen approximately 3000 compounds. Following initial validation, 25 compounds were chosen as primary hits for secondary validation with wild type and reporter CHIKV infection, which identified three promising compounds. Abamectin (EC50 = 1.5 μM) and ivermectin (EC50 = 0.6 μM) are fermentation products generated by a soil dwelling actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis, whereas berberine (EC50 = 1.8 μM) is a plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloid. They inhibited CHIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner and had broad antiviral activity against other alphaviruses--Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus. Abamectin and ivermectin were also active against yellow fever virus, a flavivirus. These compounds caused reduced synthesis of CHIKV genomic and antigenomic viral RNA as well as downregulation of viral protein expression. Time of addition experiments also suggested that they act on the replication phase of the viral infectious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finny S Varghese
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Kaukinen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sabine Gläsker
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maxim Bespalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Hanski
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Beate M Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tero Ahola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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268
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Paemanee A, Wikan N, Roytrakul S, Smith DR. Application of GelC-MS/MS to Proteomic Profiling of Chikungunya Virus Infection: Preparation of Peptides for Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1426:179-93. [PMID: 27233271 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Gel-enhanced liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS) is a labor intensive, but relatively straightforward methodology that generates high proteome coverage which can be applied to the proteome analysis of a range of starting materials such as cells or patient specimens. Sample proteins are resolved electrophoretically in one dimension through a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel after which the lanes are sliced into sections. The sections are further diced and the gel cubes generated are subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion. The resultant peptides can then be analyzed by tandem mass spectroscopy to identify the proteins by database searching. The methodology can routinely detect several thousand proteins in one analysis. The protocol we describe here has been used with both cells in culture that have been infected with chikungunya virus and specimens from Chikungunya fever patients. This protocol details the process for generating peptides for subsequent mass spectroscopic and bioinformatic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Paemanee
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamontol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamontol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamontol Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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269
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Lwande OW, Obanda V, Bucht G, Mosomtai G, Otieno V, Ahlm C, Evander M. Global emergence of Alphaviruses that cause arthritis in humans. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2015; 5:29853. [PMID: 26689654 PMCID: PMC4685977 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v5.29853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may cause severe emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a significant threat to human and animal health in the world today. These infectious diseases range from mild febrile illnesses, arthritis, and encephalitis to haemorrhagic fevers. It is postulated that certain environmental factors, vector competence, and host susceptibility have a major impact on the ecology of arboviral diseases. Presently, there is a great interest in the emergence of Alphaviruses because these viruses, including Chikungunya virus, O'nyong'nyong virus, Sindbis virus, Ross River virus, and Mayaro virus, have caused outbreaks in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and America. Some of these viruses are more common in the tropics, whereas others are also found in temperate regions, but the actual factors driving Alphavirus emergence and re-emergence remain unresolved. Furthermore, little is known about the transmission dynamics, pathophysiology, genetic diversity, and evolution of circulating viral strains. In addition, the clinical presentation of Alphaviruses may be similar to other diseases such as dengue, malaria, and typhoid, hence leading to misdiagnosis. However, the typical presence of arthritis may distinguish between Alphaviruses and other differential diagnoses. The absence of validated diagnostic kits for Alphaviruses makes even routine surveillance less feasible. For that purpose, this review describes the occurrence, genetic diversity, clinical characteristics, and the mechanisms involving Alphaviruses causing arthritis in humans. This information may serve as a basis for better awareness and detection of Alphavirus-caused diseases during outbreaks and in establishing appropriate prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Göran Bucht
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gladys Mosomtai
- Earth Observation Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Viola Otieno
- IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre (ICPAC), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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270
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271
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Ching KC, Kam YW, Merits A, Ng LFP, Chai CLL. Trisubstituted Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole 5-Carboxamides as Potent Inhibitors of Alphaviruses. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9196-213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chieh Ching
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Singapore
Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building,
Level 4, Singapore 138648
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia 50411
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore
Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building,
Level 4, Singapore 138648
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD6, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #14-01T, Singapore 117599
| | - Christina L. L. Chai
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4A, Level 3, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
- Institute
of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros Building,
#07-01/02/03, Singapore 138665
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272
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Riswari SF, Ma'roef CN, Djauhari H, Kosasih H, Perkasa A, Yudhaputri FA, Artika IM, Williams M, van der Ven A, Myint KS, Alisjahbana B, Ledermann JP, Powers AM, Jaya UA. Study of viremic profile in febrile specimens of chikungunya in Bandung, Indonesia. J Clin Virol 2015; 74:61-5. [PMID: 26679829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the viremia profile of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infected patients especially during the pre-febrile period is limited. OBJECTIVE To obtain virological kinetic data on CHIKV infections. STUDY DESIGN A two-week community observation for dengue transmission was conducted in Bandung, Indonesia, from 2005 to 2009. Acute specimens from non-dengue febrile patients were screened by pan-alphavirus conventional RT-PCR. The positives were confirmed for CHIKV RNA by a specific RT-PCR followed by sequencing. Simultaneously these specimens were also cultured in Vero cells and tested for anti-CHIK IgM MAC-ELISA. All the available serial specimens,including the pre-febrile specimens, from confirmed CHIK cases, were tested by virus isolation, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and CHIK IgM ELISA. RESULTS There were five laboratory confirmed CHIK cases identified and studied. Among these, viremia was determined to extend from as early as 6 days prior to until 13 days post fever onset. Quantitative RT-PCR showed viremia peaked at or near onset of illness. CONCLUSION In this study, individuals were identified with viremia prior to fever onset and extending beyond the febrile phase. This extended viremic phase has the potential to impact transmission dynamics and thus the public health response to CHIK outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Riswari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - C N Ma'roef
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - H Djauhari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - H Kosasih
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Indonesia Research Partnership on Infectious Disease (INA-RESPOND), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - A Perkasa
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - F A Yudhaputri
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - I M Artika
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia; Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - A van der Ven
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K S Myint
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - B Alisjahbana
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - J P Ledermann
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CO, USA
| | - A M Powers
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CO, USA
| | - U A Jaya
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
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273
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Dalla Gasperina D, Balsamo ML, Garavaglia SD, Rovida F, Baldanti F, Grossi PA. Chikungunya infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected kidney transplant recipient returning to Italy from the Dominican Republic. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:876-9. [PMID: 26771689 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since December 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) spread in many countries of the Western Hemisphere, and during the last year some cases of infected European travelers, coming back from the Caribbean, have been reported. The risk of acquiring severe travel-related illness is higher in immunocompromised subjects, such as patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or solid organ transplant recipients. We reported the first case, to our knowledge, of CHIKV infection in an HIV-infected kidney transplant recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dalla Gasperina
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences of Clinical Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M L Balsamo
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences of Clinical Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - S D Garavaglia
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences of Clinical Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - F Rovida
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Molecular Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Baldanti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Molecular Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - P A Grossi
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences of Clinical Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Acharya D, Paul AM, Anderson JF, Huang F, Bai F. Loss of Glycosaminoglycan Receptor Binding after Mosquito Cell Passage Reduces Chikungunya Virus Infectivity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004139. [PMID: 26484530 PMCID: PMC4615622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that can cause fever and chronic arthritis in humans. CHIKV that is generated in mosquito or mammalian cells differs in glycosylation patterns of viral proteins, which may affect its replication and virulence. Herein, we compare replication, pathogenicity, and receptor binding of CHIKV generated in Vero cells (mammal) or C6/36 cells (mosquito) through a single passage. We demonstrate that mosquito cell-derived CHIKV (CHIKVmos) has slower replication than mammalian cell-derived CHIKV (CHIKVvero), when tested in both human and murine cell lines. Consistent with this, CHIKVmos infection in both cell lines produce less cytopathic effects and reduced antiviral responses. In addition, infection in mice show that CHIKVmos produces a lower level of viremia and less severe footpad swelling when compared with CHIKVvero. Interestingly, CHIKVmos has impaired ability to bind to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) receptors on mammalian cells. However, sequencing analysis shows that this impairment is not due to a mutation in the CHIKV E2 gene, which encodes for the viral receptor binding protein. Moreover, CHIKVmos progenies can regain GAG receptor binding capability and can replicate similarly to CHIKVvero after a single passage in mammalian cells. Furthermore, CHIKVvero and CHIKVmos no longer differ in replication when N-glycosylation of viral proteins was inhibited by growing these viruses in the presence of tunicamycin. Collectively, these results suggest that N-glycosylation of viral proteins within mosquito cells can result in loss of GAG receptor binding capability of CHIKV and reduction of its infectivity in mammalian cells. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a chronic arthritis-causing pathogen in humans, for which no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral drug is currently available. Due to the global spread of its mosquito vectors, CHIKV is now becoming a public health threat worldwide. CHIKV can replicate in both mammalian and mosquito cells, however it does not cause apparent damage to mosquito cells, yet it rapidly kills mammalian cells within a day after infection. In addition, mosquito and mammalian cells have different mechanism of protein glycosylation, which can result in different glycan structures of viral glycoproteins. In this study, we report that mosquito cell-generated CHIKV has lower infectivity in cell culture and causes less severe disease in mice, when compared to mammalian cell-generated CHIKV. We demonstrate that only mammalian cell-generated CHIKV, but not mosquito-cell generated CHIKV, binds to mammalian cell surface glycosaminoglycan receptors. Interestingly, mosquito-cell generated CHIKV can re-acquire glycosaminoglycan receptor binding capability after a single passage in mammalian cells and replicate at similar levels with mammalian cell-generated CHIKV, suggesting that passage of CHIKV in mosquito cells can reduce its infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Amber M. Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - John F. Anderson
- Department of Entomology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Faqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Velasco JM, Valderama MT, Lopez MN, Chua D, Latog R, Roque V, Corpuz J, Klungthong C, Rodpradit P, Hussem K, Poolpanichupatam Y, Macareo L, Fernandez S, Yoon IK. Chikungunya Virus Infections Among Patients with Dengue-Like Illness at a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Philippines, 2012-2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:1318-24. [PMID: 26416109 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) often co-circulates with dengue virus (DENV). A cross-sectional surveillance study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Manila, Philippines, to describe the prevalence and characteristics of DENV and CHIKV infections among patients seeking care for dengue-like illness. Acute blood samples from patients ≥ 6 months of age clinically diagnosed with dengue from November 2012 to December 2013 underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect DENV and CHIKV RNA. A total of 118 patients with clinically diagnosed dengue (age range = 1-89 years, mean = 22 years; male-to-female ratio = 1.51) were tested by DENV RT-PCR; 40 (34%) were DENV PCR-positive (age range = 1-45 years, mean = 17 years). All DENV serotypes were detected: 11 (28%) DENV-1, 6 (15%) DENV-2, 6 (15%) DENV-3, and 17 (42%) DENV-4. Of 112 patients clinically diagnosed with dengue and tested by CHIKV RT-PCR, 11 (10%) were CHIKV PCR-positive (age range = 2-47 years, mean = 20.3 years). No coinfections were detected. Presenting signs/symptoms did not differ between DENV- and CHIKV-positive cases. Sequencing of envelope 1 gene from two CHIKV PCR-positive samples showed Asian genotype. This study highlights the potential for misdiagnosis of medically attended CHIKV infections as DENV infection and the difficulty in clinically differentiating dengue and chikungunya based on presenting signs/symptoms alone. This underscores the necessity for diagnostic laboratory tests to distinguish CHIKV infections in the background of actively co-circulating DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark Velasco
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Theresa Valderama
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Nila Lopez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Domingo Chua
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rene Latog
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Vito Roque
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - June Corpuz
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Prinyada Rodpradit
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kittinun Hussem
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Yongyuth Poolpanichupatam
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Louis Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Service School, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Research and Training, Armed Forces of the Philippines Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines; Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
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276
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Wintachai P, Kaur P, Lee RCH, Ramphan S, Kuadkitkan A, Wikan N, Ubol S, Roytrakul S, Chu JJH, Smith DR. Activity of andrographolide against chikungunya virus infection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14179. [PMID: 26384169 PMCID: PMC4585663 DOI: 10.1038/srep14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus that has recently engendered large epidemics around the world. There is no specific antiviral for treatment of patients infected with CHIKV, and development of compounds with significant anti-CHIKV activity that can be further developed to a practical therapy is urgently required. Andrographolide is derived from Andrographis paniculata, a herb traditionally used to treat a number of conditions including infections. This study sought to determine the potential of andrographolide as an inhibitor of CHIKV infection. Andrographolide showed good inhibition of CHIKV infection and reduced virus production by approximately 3log10 with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 77 μM without cytotoxicity. Time-of-addition and RNA transfection studies showed that andrographolide affected CHIKV replication and the activity of andrographolide was shown to be cell type independent. This study suggests that andrographolide has the potential to be developed further as an anti-CHIKV therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parveen Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suwipa Ramphan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atichat Kuadkitkan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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277
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Nothias-Scaglia LF, Dumontet V, Neyts J, Roussi F, Costa J, Leyssen P, Litaudon M, Paolini J. LC-MS2-Based dereplication of Euphorbia extracts with anti-Chikungunya virus activity. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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278
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Abdelnabi R, Neyts J, Delang L. Towards antivirals against chikungunya virus. Antiviral Res 2015; 121:59-68. [PMID: 26119058 PMCID: PMC7113767 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged in recent decades, causing major outbreaks of chikungunya fever in many parts of Africa and Asia, and since the end of 2013 also in Central and South America. Infections are usually associated with a low mortality rate, but can proceed into a painful chronic stage, during which patients may suffer from polyarthralgia and joint stiffness for weeks and even several years. There are no vaccines or antiviral drugs available for the prevention or treatment of CHIKV infections. Current therapy therefore consists solely of the administration of analgesics, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory agents to relieve symptoms. We here review molecules that have been reported to inhibit CHIKV replication, either as direct-acting antivirals, host-targeting drugs or those that act via a yet unknown mechanism. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Chikungunya discovers the New World."
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Leen Delang
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium
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279
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Nsoesie EO, Ricketts RP, Brown HE, Fish D, Durham DP, Ndeffo Mbah ML, Christian T, Ahmed S, Marcellin C, Shelly E, Owers K, Wenzel N, Galvani AP, Brownstein JS. Spatial and Temporal Clustering of Chikungunya Virus Transmission in Dominica. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003977. [PMID: 26274813 PMCID: PMC4537218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Using geo-referenced case data, we present spatial and spatio-temporal cluster analyses of the early spread of the 2013–2015 chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Dominica, an island in the Caribbean. Spatial coordinates of the locations of the first 417 reported cases observed between December 15th, 2013 and March 11th, 2014, were captured using the Global Positioning System (GPS). We observed a preponderance of female cases, which has been reported for CHIKV outbreaks in other regions. We also noted statistically significant spatial and spatio-temporal clusters in highly populated areas and observed major clusters prior to implementation of intensive vector control programs suggesting early vector control measures, and education had an impact on the spread of the CHIKV epidemic in Dominica. A dynamical identification of clusters can lead to local assessment of risk and provide opportunities for targeted control efforts for nations experiencing CHIKV outbreaks. Chikungunya is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Currently, there is an epidemic of chikungunya in several islands and countries in the Americas. Despite efforts at understanding and predicting spread, there have been no studies assessing the spatio-temporal spread of chikungunya in any of the Caribbean islands, mainly due to a lack of data. Here, we present a spatio-temporal analysis of the spread of chikungunya virus in Dominica, an island in the Western Hemisphere, using geo-referenced case data. The findings in this study suggest that females are at higher risk for chikungunya virus transmission in Dominica. In addition, there is statistically significant clustering of cases in densely populated areas. Lack of data prevented additional analyses on the impact of mosquito population density, environmental factors and housing conditions on the location and timing of the clusters. This study is relevant for chikungunya control in Dominica, and other regions can use similar methods to assess chikungunya risk at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine O. Nsoesie
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - R. Paul Ricketts
- Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica
| | - Heidi E. Brown
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Durland Fish
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David P. Durham
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Martial L. Ndeffo Mbah
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Trudy Christian
- Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica
| | - Shalauddin Ahmed
- Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica
| | - Clement Marcellin
- Environmental Health Department, Ministry of Health, Roseau, Commonwealth of Dominica
| | - Ellen Shelly
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Katharine Owers
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Natasha Wenzel
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alison P. Galvani
- Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - John S. Brownstein
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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280
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van Duijl-Richter MKS, Blijleven JS, van Oijen AM, Smit JM. Chikungunya virus fusion properties elucidated by single-particle and bulk approaches. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2122-2132. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike K. S. van Duijl-Richter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle S. Blijleven
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine M. van Oijen
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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281
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus causing millions of infections in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. CHIKV infection often leads to an acute self-limited febrile illness with debilitating myalgia and arthralgia. A potential long-term complication of CHIKV infection is severe joint pain, which can last for months to years. There are no vaccines or specific therapeutics available to prevent or treat infection. This review describes the critical steps in CHIKV cell entry. We summarize the latest studies on the virus-cell tropism, virus-receptor binding, internalization, membrane fusion and review the molecules and compounds that have been described to interfere with virus cell entry. The aim of the review is to give the reader a state-of-the-art overview on CHIKV cell entry and to provide an outlook on potential new avenues in CHIKV research.
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282
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Couderc T, Lecuit M. Chikungunya virus pathogenesis: From bedside to bench. Antiviral Res 2015; 121:120-31. [PMID: 26159730 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted to humans by mosquito bite. A decade ago, the virus caused a major outbreak in the islands of the Indian Ocean, then reached India and Southeast Asia. More recently, CHIKV has emerged in the Americas, first reaching the Caribbean and now extending to Central, South and North America. It is therefore considered a major public health and economic threat. CHIKV causes febrile illness typically associated with debilitating joint pains. In rare cases, it may also cause central nervous system disease, notably in neonates. Joint symptoms may persist for months to years, and lead to arthritis. This review focuses on the spectrum of signs and symptoms associated with CHIKV infection in humans. It also illustrates how the analysis of clinical and biological data from human cohorts and the development of animal and cellular models of infection has helped to identify the tissue and cell tropisms of the virus and to decipher host responses in benign, severe or persistent disease. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Chikungunya discovers the New World".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Couderc
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France; Inserm U1117, Paris, France.
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France; Inserm U1117, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Global Virus Network.
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283
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Nothias-Scaglia LF, Pannecouque C, Renucci F, Delang L, Neyts J, Roussi F, Costa J, Leyssen P, Litaudon M, Paolini J. Antiviral Activity of Diterpene Esters on Chikungunya Virus and HIV Replication. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1277-1283. [PMID: 25970561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, new daphnane, tigliane, and jatrophane diterpenoids have been isolated from various Euphorbiaceae species, of which some have been shown to be potent inhibitors of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication. To further explore this type of compound, the antiviral activity of a series of 29 commercially available natural diterpenoids was evaluated. Phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (11) proved to be the most potent inhibitor, with an EC50 value of 6.0 ± 0.9 nM and a selectivity index (SI) of 686, which is in line with the previously reported anti-CHIKV potency for the structurally related 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (13). Most of the other compounds exhibited low to moderate activity, including an ingenane-type diterpene ester, compound 28, with an EC50 value of 1.2 ± 0.1 μM and SI = 6.4. Diterpene compounds are known also to inhibit HIV replication, so the antiviral activities of compounds 1-29 were evaluated also against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Tigliane- (4β-hydroxyphorbol analogues 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, and 18) and ingenane-type (27 and 28) diterpene esters were shown to inhibit HIV replication in vitro at the nanomolar level. A Pearson analysis performed with the anti-CHIKV and anti-HIV data sets demonstrated a linear relationship, which supported the hypothesis made that PKC may be an important target in CHIKV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Félix Nothias-Scaglia
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de Produits Naturels, UMR CNRS SPE 6134, University of Corsica, 20250, Corte, France
- ‡Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS-ICSN UPR 2301, University Paris-Sud, LabEx CEBA, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- §Laboratory for Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franck Renucci
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de Produits Naturels, UMR CNRS SPE 6134, University of Corsica, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Leen Delang
- §Laboratory for Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- §Laboratory for Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fanny Roussi
- ‡Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS-ICSN UPR 2301, University Paris-Sud, LabEx CEBA, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean Costa
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de Produits Naturels, UMR CNRS SPE 6134, University of Corsica, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- §Laboratory for Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Litaudon
- ‡Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS-ICSN UPR 2301, University Paris-Sud, LabEx CEBA, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Paolini
- †Laboratoire de Chimie de Produits Naturels, UMR CNRS SPE 6134, University of Corsica, 20250, Corte, France
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284
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Albulescu IC, van Hoolwerff M, Wolters LA, Bottaro E, Nastruzzi C, Yang SC, Tsay SC, Hwu JR, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ. Suramin inhibits chikungunya virus replication through multiple mechanisms. Antiviral Res 2015; 121:39-46. [PMID: 26112648 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes severe and often persistent arthritis. In recent years, millions of people have been infected with this virus for which registered antivirals are still lacking. Using our recently established in vitro assay, we discovered that the approved anti-parasitic drug suramin inhibits CHIKV RNA synthesis (IC50 of ∼5μM). The compound inhibited replication of various CHIKV isolates in cell culture with an EC50 of ∼80μM (CC50>5mM) and was also active against Sindbis virus and Semliki Forest virus. In vitro studies hinted that suramin interferes with (re)initiation of RNA synthesis, whereas time-of-addition studies suggested it to also interfere with a post-attachment early step in infection, possibly entry. CHIKV (nsP4) mutants resistant against favipiravir or ribavirin, which target the viral RNA polymerase, did not exhibit cross-resistance to suramin, suggesting a different mode of action. The assessment of the activity of a variety of suramin-related compounds in cell culture and the in vitro assay for RNA synthesis provided more insight into the moieties required for antiviral activity. The antiviral effect of suramin-containing liposomes was also analyzed. Its approved status makes it worthwhile to explore the use of suramin to prevent and/or treat CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina C Albulescu
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcella van Hoolwerff
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Wolters
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Bottaro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Shih Chi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Chen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Eric J Snijder
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J van Hemert
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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285
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McSweegan E, Weaver SC, Lecuit M, Frieman M, Morrison TE, Hrynkow S. The Global Virus Network: Challenging chikungunya. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:147-52. [PMID: 26071007 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent spread of chikungunya virus to the Western Hemisphere, together with the ongoing Ebola epidemic in West Africa, have highlighted the importance of international collaboration in the detection and management of disease outbreaks. In response to this need, the Global Virus Network (GVN) was formed in 2011. The GVN is a coalition of leading medical virologists in 34 affiliated laboratories in 24 countries, who collaborate to share their resources and expertise. The GVN supports research, promotes training for young scientists, serves as a technical resource for governments, businesses and international organizations, facilitates international scientific cooperation, and advocates for funding and evidence-based public policies. In response to the spread of chikungunya, the GVN formed a task force to identify research gaps and opportunities, including models of infection and disease, candidate vaccines and antivirals, epidemiology and vector control measures. Its members also serve as authoritative sources of information for the public, press, and policy-makers. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Chikungunya discovers the New World".
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward McSweegan
- Global Virus Network, 801 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Galveston National Laboratory Building, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15; Inserm U1117; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12800 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80010, USA
| | - Sharon Hrynkow
- Global Virus Network, 801 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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286
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Tolokh I, Laux T, Kim D. A Case of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Following Chikungunya Virus Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:401-3. [PMID: 26033023 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has recently become endemic in the Caribbean, including the island of Puerto Rico. We present the case of a 50-year-old Puerto Rican man who traveled to St. Louis for business and was diagnosed with acute chikungunya virus infection with atypical features causing diabetic ketoacidosis. This case highlights the need to keep tropical infectious diseases on the differential diagnosis in appropriate individuals and the ways in which tropical infectious diseases can masquerade as part of common presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illya Tolokh
- Division of Medical Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri; Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Timothy Laux
- Division of Medical Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri; Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Kim
- Division of Medical Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri; Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
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287
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Abstract
Although Chikungunya infection is emerging as an important public health problem in many countries, it is not regarded as a life-threatening disease. Information dealing with fatal cases is scarce. We herein describe three patients with Chickungunya infection who presented with multiple organ failure and died within 24h of admission. Two cases had positive anti-dengue IgM, but dengue coinfection was rejected based on the clinical features and results of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. These cases illustrate the challenges of the diagnosis and management of severe Chikungunya infection.
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288
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Yoon IK, Alera MT, Lago CB, Tac-An IA, Villa D, Fernandez S, Thaisomboonsuk B, Klungthong C, Levy JW, Velasco JM, Roque VG, Salje H, Macareo LR, Hermann LL, Nisalak A, Srikiatkhachorn A. High rate of subclinical chikungunya virus infection and association of neutralizing antibody with protection in a prospective cohort in the Philippines. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003764. [PMID: 25951202 PMCID: PMC4423927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a globally re-emerging arbovirus for which previous studies have indicated the majority of infections result in symptomatic febrile illness. We sought to characterize the proportion of subclinical and symptomatic CHIKV infections in a prospective cohort study in a country with known CHIKV circulation. Methods/Findings A prospective longitudinal cohort of subjects ≥6 months old underwent community-based active surveillance for acute febrile illness in Cebu City, Philippines from 2012-13. Subjects with fever history were clinically evaluated at acute, 2, 5, and 8 day visits, and at a 3-week convalescent visit. Blood was collected at the acute and 3-week convalescent visits. Symptomatic CHIKV infections were identified by positive CHIKV PCR in acute blood samples and/or CHIKV IgM/IgG ELISA seroconversion in paired acute/convalescent samples. Enrollment and 12-month blood samples underwent plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) using CHIKV attenuated strain 181/clone25. Subclinical CHIKV infections were identified by ≥8-fold rise from a baseline enrollment PRNT titer <10 without symptomatic infection detected during the intervening surveillance period. Selected CHIKV PCR-positive samples underwent viral isolation and envelope protein-1 gene sequencing. Of 853 subjects who completed all study procedures at 12 months, 19 symptomatic infections (2.19 per 100 person-years) and 87 subclinical infections (10.03 per 100 person-years) occurred. The ratio of subclinical-to-symptomatic infections was 4.6:1 varying with age from 2:1 in 6 month-5 year olds to 12:1 in those >50 years old. Baseline CHIKV PRNT titer ≥10 was associated with 100% (95%CI: 46.1, 100.0) protection from symptomatic CHIKV infection. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated Asian genotype closely related to strains from Asia and the Caribbean. Conclusions Subclinical infections accounted for a majority of total CHIKV infections. A positive baseline CHIKV PRNT titer was associated with protection from symptomatic CHIKV infection. These findings have implications for assessing disease burden, understanding virus transmission, and supporting vaccine development. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne pathogen for which the majority of infections have been considered to result in febrile illness. We sought to characterize the proportion of subclinical and symptomatic CHIKV infections in a prospective cohort of subjects ≥6 months old who underwent active surveillance for acute febrile illness from 2012–13 in Cebu City, Philippines. Symptomatic CHIKV infections were detected by PCR and/or ELISA in acute/convalescent blood samples. Subclinical infections were identified by neutralizing antibody seroconversion between enrollment and 12-month visits without symptomatic infection. Among 853 subjects who completed all study activities at 12 months, 19 symptomatic and 87 subclinical infections occurred (2.19 and 10.03 per 100 person-years, respectively). A positive baseline CHIKV PRNT titer was associated with 100% (95%CI: 46.1, 100.0) protection from symptomatic infection. Phylogenetic analysis showed Asian genotype closely related to strains from the recent Caribbean epidemic. These findings can help to assess disease burden, understand virus transmission, and support vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyu Yoon
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Daisy Villa
- Cebu City Health Department, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Butsaya Thaisomboonsuk
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jens W. Levy
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Vito G. Roque
- National Epidemiology Center, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis R. Macareo
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laura L. Hermann
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ananda Nisalak
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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289
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Hyle EP, Alame D. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 13-2015. A 27-year-old woman with arthralgias and a rash. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:1657-64. [PMID: 25901430 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1415172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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290
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McCauley DJ, Salkeld DJ, Young HS, Makundi R, Dirzo R, Eckerlin RP, Lambin EF, Gaffikin L, Barry M, Helgen KM. Effects of land use on plague (Yersinia pestis) activity in rodents in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:776-83. [PMID: 25711606 PMCID: PMC4385772 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of land-use change on zoonotic disease risk is a pressing global health concern. Here, we compare prevalence of Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, in rodents across two land-use types-agricultural and conserved-in northern Tanzania. Estimated abundance of seropositive rodents nearly doubled in agricultural sites compared with conserved sites. This relationship between land-use type and abundance of seropositive rodents is likely mediated by changes in rodent and flea community composition, particularly via an increase in the abundance of the commensal species, Mastomys natalensis, in agricultural habitats. There was mixed support for rodent species diversity negatively impacting Y. pestis seroprevalence. Together, these results suggest that land-use change could affect the risk of local transmission of plague, and raise critical questions about transmission dynamics at the interface of conserved and agricultural habitats. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding disease ecology in the context of rapidly proceeding landscape change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J McCauley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Daniel J Salkeld
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Hillary S Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Rhodes Makundi
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ralph P Eckerlin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Eric F Lambin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Lynne Gaffikin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Michele Barry
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Woods Institute for the Environment, Department of Biology, Department of Environmental Earth System Science, and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Biology, Northern Virginia Community College, Springfield, Virginia; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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291
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus of increasing public health significance, has caused large epidemics in Africa and the Indian Ocean basin; now it is spreading throughout the Americas. The primary vectors of CHIKV are Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and, after the introduction of a mutation in the E1 envelope protein gene, the highly anthropophilic and geographically widespread Ae. albopictus mosquito. We review here research efforts to characterize the viral genetic basis of mosquito-vector interactions, the use of RNA interference and other strategies for the control of CHIKV in mosquitoes, and the potentiation of CHIKV infection by mosquito saliva. Over the past decade, CHIKV has emerged on a truly global scale. Since 2013, CHIKV transmission has been reported throughout the Caribbean region, in North America, and in Central and South American countries, including Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, and Venezuela. Closing the gaps in our knowledge of driving factors behind the rapid geographic expansion of CHIKV should be considered a research priority. The abundance of multiple primate species in many of these countries, together with species of mosquito that have never been exposed to CHIKV, may provide opportunities for this highly adaptable virus to establish sylvatic cycles that to date have not been seen outside of Africa. The short-term and long-term ecological consequences of such transmission cycles, including the impact on wildlife and people living in these areas, are completely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Higgs
- 1 Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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292
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Lohachanakul J, Phuklia W, Thannagith M, Thongsakulprasert T, Smith DR, Ubol S. Differences in response of primary human myoblasts to infection with recent epidemic strains of Chikungunya virus isolated from patients with and without myalgia. J Med Virol 2015; 87:733-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jindarat Lohachanakul
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Weerawat Phuklia
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | | | | | - Duncan R. Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sukathida Ubol
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
- Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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293
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Teng TS, Kam YW, Lee B, Hapuarachchi HC, Wimal A, Ng LC, Ng LFP. A Systematic Meta-analysis of Immune Signatures in Patients With Acute Chikungunya Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2015; 211:1925-35. [PMID: 25635123 PMCID: PMC4442625 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals infected with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) normally exhibit a variety of clinical manifestations during the acute phase of infection. However, studies in different patient cohorts have revealed that disease manifestations vary in frequency. METHODS Disease profiles between patients with acute CHIKV-infection and febrile patients without CHIKV were compared and examined to determine whether any clinical presentations were associated with the clinical outcome of CHIKV infection. Circulatory immune mediators profiles were then characterized and compared with data from 14 independent patient cohort studies. The particular immune mediator signature that defines acute CHIKV infection was determined. RESULTS Our findings revealed a specific pattern of clinical presentations of joint-specific arthralgia from this CHIKV cohort. More importantly, we identified an immune mediator signature dominated by proinflammatory cytokines, which include interferon α and γ and interleukin 2, 2R, 6, 7, 12, 15, 17, and 18, across different patient cohorts of CHIKV load associated with arthralgia. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study that associated levels of CHIKV load with arthralgia as an indicator of acute CHIKV infection. Importantly, our findings also revealed specific immune mediator signatures that can be used to better define CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terk-Shin Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis
| | | | - Abeyewickreme Wimal
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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294
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295
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Moyen N, Thiberville SD, Pastorino B, Nougairede A, Thirion L, Mombouli JV, Dimi Y, Leparc-Goffart I, Capobianchi MR, Lepfoundzou AD, de Lamballerie X. First reported chikungunya fever outbreak in the republic of Congo, 2011. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115938. [PMID: 25541718 PMCID: PMC4277398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chikungunya is an Aedes -borne disease characterised by febrile arthralgia and responsible for massive outbreaks. We present a prospective clinical cohort study and a retrospective serological study relating to a CHIK outbreak, in the Republic of Congo in 2011. Methodology and Findings We analysed 317 suspected cases, of which 308 (97.2%) lived in the city of Brazzaville (66.6% in the South area). Amongst them, 37 (11.7%) were CHIKV+ve patients (i.e., biologically confirmed by a real-time RT-PCR assay), of whom 36 (97.3%) had fever, 22 (66.7%) myalgia and 32 (86.5%) arthralgia. All tested negative for dengue. The distribution of incident cases within Brazzaville districts was compared with CHIKV seroprevalence before the outbreak (34.4% in 517 blood donors), providing evidence for previous circulation of CHIKV. We applied a CHIK clinical score to 126 patients recruited within the two first day of illness (including 28 CHIKV+ves (22.2%)) with sensitivity (78.6%) and specificity (72.4%) values comparing with those of the referent study in Reunion Island. The negative predictive value was high (92%), but the positive predictive value (45%) indicate poor potential contribution to medical practice to identify CHIKV+ve patients in low prevalence outbreaks. However, the score allowed a slightly more accurate follow-up of the evolution of the outbreak than the criterion "fever+arthralgia". The complete sequencing of a Congolase isolate (Brazza_MRS1) demonstrated belonging to the East/Central/South African lineage and was further used for producing a robust genome-scale CHIKV phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions/Significance We describe the first Chikungunya outbreak declared in the Republic of Congo. The seroprevalence study conducted amongst blood donors before outbreak provided evidence for previous CHIKV circulation. We suggest that a more systematic survey of the entomological situation and of arbovirus circulation is necessary in Central Africa for better understanding the environmental, microbiological and sociological determinants of emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanikaly Moyen
- Aix Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" 13005, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon-Djamel Thiberville
- Aix Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Boris Pastorino
- Aix Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairede
- Aix Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Thirion
- Aix Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | - Yannick Dimi
- Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- French National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, IRBA Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Aix Marseille University, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" 13005, Marseille, France
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296
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Abstract
In the last decade, chikungunya virus has emerged from an obscure arbovirus that caused limited outbreaks of disease in Africa and Asia to the cause of a pandemic affecting millions of people and spanning five continents. Two separate chikungunya virus genotypes have been responsible for outbreaks during this period, including strains adapted to transmission in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Further spread of this virus into new regions of the Western Hemisphere is predicted during the present rainy season in the tropics, and recurrent viral introductions and disease outbreaks, as occurred in Réunion in 2010, should be expected. Chikungunya virus no longer simply threatens; it has arrived as a significant, global pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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297
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Guery B, Grandbastien B, Galpérine T, Faure K. [Ebola and others, those viruses coming from far away]. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2014; 24:379-385. [PMID: 32288742 PMCID: PMC7117807 DOI: 10.1007/s13546-014-1003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, we faced a large number of emerging pathogens. As a consequence we had to adapt our medical practice as well as our health system. This review summarizes the main features of the recent emerging pathogens with a particular focus on the recent and ongoing Ebola outbreak, we tried to evaluate the consequences on our national health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Guery
- Service de gestion du risque infectieux, hôpital Huriez, 1 place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille cedex, France
- Faculté de médecine de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille cedex, France
| | - B. Grandbastien
- Service de gestion du risque infectieux, hôpital Huriez, 1 place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille cedex, France
- Faculté de médecine de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille cedex, France
| | - T. Galpérine
- Service de gestion du risque infectieux, hôpital Huriez, 1 place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - K. Faure
- Service de gestion du risque infectieux, hôpital Huriez, 1 place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille cedex, France
- Faculté de médecine de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille cedex, France
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298
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Poo YS, Rudd PA, Gardner J, Wilson JAC, Larcher T, Colle MA, Le TT, Nakaya HI, Warrilow D, Allcock R, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Schroder WA, Khromykh AA, Lopez JA, Suhrbier A. Multiple immune factors are involved in controlling acute and chronic chikungunya virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3354. [PMID: 25474568 PMCID: PMC4256279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent epidemic of the arthritogenic alphavirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has prompted a quest to understand the correlates of protection against virus and disease in order to inform development of new interventions. Herein we highlight the propensity of CHIKV infections to persist long term, both as persistent, steady-state, viraemias in multiple B cell deficient mouse strains, and as persistent RNA (including negative-strand RNA) in wild-type mice. The knockout mouse studies provided evidence for a role for T cells (but not NK cells) in viraemia suppression, and confirmed the role of T cells in arthritis promotion, with vaccine-induced T cells also shown to be arthritogenic in the absence of antibody responses. However, MHC class II-restricted T cells were not required for production of anti-viral IgG2c responses post CHIKV infection. The anti-viral cytokines, TNF and IFNγ, were persistently elevated in persistently infected B and T cell deficient mice, with adoptive transfer of anti-CHIKV antibodies unable to clear permanently the viraemia from these, or B cell deficient, mice. The NOD background increased viraemia and promoted arthritis, with B, T and NK deficient NOD mice showing high-levels of persistent viraemia and ultimately succumbing to encephalitic disease. In wild-type mice persistent CHIKV RNA and negative strand RNA (detected for up to 100 days post infection) was associated with persistence of cellular infiltrates, CHIKV antigen and stimulation of IFNα/β and T cell responses. These studies highlight that, secondary to antibodies, several factors are involved in virus control, and suggest that chronic arthritic disease is a consequence of persistent, replicating and transcriptionally active CHIKV RNA. The largest epidemic ever recorded for chikungunya virus (CHIKV) started in 2004 in Africa, then spread across Asia and recently caused tens of thousands of cases in Papua New Guinea and the Caribbean. This mosquito-borne alphavirus primarily causes an often debilitating, acute and chronic polyarthritis/polyarthalgia. Despite robust anti-viral immune responses CHIKV is able to persist, with such persistence poorly understood and the likely cause of chronic disease. Herein we highlight the propensity of CHIKV to persist long term, both as a persistent viraemia in different B cell deficient mouse strains, but also as persistent viral RNA in wild-type mice. These studies suggest that, aside from antibodies, other immune factors, such as CD4 T cells and TNF, are active in viraemia control. The work also supports the notion that CHIKV disease, with the exception of encephalitis, is largely an immunopathology. Persistent CHIKV RNA in wild-type mice continues to stimulate type I interferon and T cell responses, with this model of chronic disease recapitulating many of the features seen in chronic CHIKV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Suan Poo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine/School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny A. Rudd
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine/School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joy Gardner
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane A. C. Wilson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine/School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 703, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Anne Colle
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 703, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Thuy T. Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helder I. Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Allcock
- Lotterywest State Biomedical Facility Genomics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Wayne A. Schroder
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Medicine/School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - José A. Lopez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, and the Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine/School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- * E-mail:
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299
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Harter KR, Bhatt S, Kim HT, Mallon WK. Chikungunya fever in Los Angeles, California. West J Emerg Med 2014; 15:841-4. [PMID: 25493131 PMCID: PMC4251232 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2014.8.23062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 33-year-old woman returning from Haiti, presenting to our emergency department (ED) with fever, rash and arthralgia. Following a broad workup that included laboratory testing for dengue and malaria, our patient was diagnosed with Chikungunya virus, which was then reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for initiation of infection control. This case demonstrates the importance of the ED for infectious disease case identification and initiation of public health measures. This case also addresses public health implications of Chikungunya virus within the United States, and issues related to the potential for local spread and autochthonous cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Harter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sanjay Bhatt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hyung T Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - William K Mallon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County + USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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300
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Lindsey NP, Prince HE, Kosoy O, Laven J, Messenger S, Staples JE, Fischer M. Chikungunya virus infections among travelers-United States, 2010-2013. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 92:82-7. [PMID: 25349374 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is an emerging threat to the United States because humans are amplifying hosts and competent mosquito vectors are present in many regions of the country. We identified laboratory-confirmed chikungunya virus infections with diagnostic testing performed in the United States from 2010 through 2013. We described the epidemiology of these cases and determined which were reported to ArboNET. From 2010 through 2013, 115 laboratory-confirmed chikungunya virus infections were identified. Among 55 cases with known travel history, 53 (96%) reported travel to Asia and 2 (4%) to Africa. No locally-acquired infections were identified. Six patients had detectable viremia after returning to the United States. Only 21% of identified cases were reported to ArboNET, with a median of 72 days between illness onset and reporting. Given the risk of introduction into the United States, healthcare providers and public health officials should be educated about the recognition, diagnosis, and timely reporting of chikungunya virus disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Lindsey
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Harry E Prince
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Olga Kosoy
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Janeen Laven
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Sharon Messenger
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - J Erin Staples
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Marc Fischer
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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