251
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Saul VV, Seibert M, Krüger M, Jeratsch S, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. ULK1/2 Restricts the Formation of Inducible SINT-Speckles, Membraneless Organelles Controlling the Threshold of TBK1 Activation. iScience 2019; 19:527-544. [PMID: 31442668 PMCID: PMC6710720 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membraneless organelles (MLOs) are liquid-like subcellular compartments providing spatiotemporal control to biological processes. This study reveals that cellular stress leads to the incorporation of the adaptor protein SINTBAD (TBKBP1) into membraneless, cytosolic speckles. Determination of the interactome identified >100 proteins forming constitutive and stress-inducible members of an MLO that we termed SINT-speckles. SINT-speckles partially colocalize with activated TBK1, and deletion of SINTBAD and the SINT-speckle component AZI2 leads to impaired TBK1 phosphorylation. Dynamic formation of SINT-speckles is positively controlled by the acetyltransferase KAT2A (GCN5) and antagonized by heat shock protein-mediated chaperone activity. SINT-speckle formation is also inhibited by the autophagy-initiating kinases ULK1/2, and knockdown of these kinases prevented focal TBK1 phosphorylation in a pathway-specific manner. The phlebovirus-encoded non-structural protein S enhances ULK1-mediated TBK1 phosphorylation and shows a stress-induced translocation to SINT-speckles, raising the possibility that viruses can also target this signaling hub to manipulate host cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vivian Saul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jeratsch
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
| | - Michael Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrichstrasse 24, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research.
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252
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Hu YB, Zhang YF, Wang H, Ren RJ, Cui HL, Huang WY, Cheng Q, Chen HZ, Wang G. miR-425 deficiency promotes necroptosis and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:589. [PMID: 31383850 PMCID: PMC6683159 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A major hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and the causative mechanism is thought to be the activation of programmed neuronal death. Necroptosis is a regulated process of cell death triggered by RIPK1. Although the pathophysiology of PD has been studied extensively, the cellular mechanism underlying dopaminergic neuron death remains unclear. In this study, we detected a specific miRNA, miR-425, in response to MPTP toxicity and dopaminergic degeneration. In MPTP-treated mice, we observed necroptosis activation and miR-425 deficiency in the substantia nigra, which is correlated with dopaminergic neuron loss. This miRNA targeted RIPK1 transcripts and promoted the phosphorylation of MLKL and necroptosis. Similarly, in the brains of PD patients, miR-425 deficiency and necroptosis activation were also confirmed in dopaminergic neuron. Furthermore, we found that genetic knockdown of miR-425 aggravated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration via early upregulation of necroptotic genes. Intracerebral miR-425 mimics (AgomiR-425) treatment attenuated necroptosis activation and dopaminergic neuron loss, and improved locomotor behaviors. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-425 deficiency triggers necroptosis of dopaminergic neurons, and targeting miR-425 in MPTP-treated mice restored dysfunctional dopaminergic neurodegeneration and ameliorated behavioral deficits. These findings identify brain delivery of miR-425 as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ru-Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lun Cui
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- School of Public health Shanghai Jiao Tong university, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience Institute, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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253
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Griewahn L, Köser A, Maurer U. Keeping Cell Death in Check: Ubiquitylation-Dependent Control of TNFR1 and TLR Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:117. [PMID: 31316982 PMCID: PMC6609852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, induced by pathogens, tissue damage or cytokines, depend on the ubiquitylation of various subunits of receptor signaling complexes, controlled by ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Ubiquitylation sets the stage for the activation of kinases within these receptor complexes, which ultimately regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression. The receptors, which transduce pro-inflammatory signals, can often induce cell death, which is controlled by ubiquitylation as well. In this review, we discuss the key role of ubiquitylation in pro-inflammatory signaling by TNFR1 and TLRs and its role in setting the threshold for cell death induced by these pro-inflammatory triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Griewahn
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Aaron Köser
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ulrich Maurer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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254
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Microglia-derived TNF-α mediates endothelial necroptosis aggravating blood brain-barrier disruption after ischemic stroke. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:487. [PMID: 31221990 PMCID: PMC6586814 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium (EC) is a key component of blood–brain barrier (BBB), and has an important position in the neurovascular unit. Its dysfunction and death after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury not only promote evolution of neuroinflammation and brain edema, but also increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage of thrombolytic therapies. However, the mechanism and specific interventions of EC death after I/R injury are poorly understood. Here we showed that necroptosis was a mechanism underlying EC death, which promoted BBB breakdown after I/R injury. Treatment of rats with receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-inhibitor, necrostatin-1 reduced endothelial necroptosis and BBB leakage. We furthermore showed that perivascular M1-like microglia-induced endothelial necroptosis leading to BBB disruption requires tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secreted by M1 type microglia and its receptor, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), on endothelium as the primary mediators of these effects. More importantly, anti-TNFα (infliximab, a potent clinically used drug) treatment significantly ameliorate endothelial necroptosis, BBB destruction and improve stroke outcomes. Our data identify a previously unexplored role for endothelial necroptosis in BBB disruption and suggest infliximab might serve as a potential drug for stroke therapy.
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255
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Profile of Junying Yuan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11564-11566. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906915116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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256
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Place DE, Kanneganti TD. Cell death-mediated cytokine release and its therapeutic implications. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1474-1486. [PMID: 31186281 PMCID: PMC6605758 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting apoptosis to treat diseases has seen tremendous success over the past decades. More recently, alternative forms of regulated cell death, including pyroptosis and necroptosis, have been described. Understanding the molecular cascades regulating both pyroptosis and necroptosis will yield even more targets to treat diseases. These lytic forms of cell death are distinct from apoptosis due to their characteristic lysis and release of cellular components that promote disease or direct a beneficial immune response. In this review, we focus on how pyroptosis and necroptosis, which release potent immune cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18, contribute to various diseases. We also consider the important role that the executioners of these cell death pathways, GSDMD and MLKL, play in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Crosstalk between the different cell death pathways likely plays a major role physiologically. New therapeutic strategies targeting these specific molecules hold enormous potential for managing inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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257
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Gentle IE. Supramolecular Complexes in Cell Death and Inflammation and Their Regulation by Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:73. [PMID: 31131275 PMCID: PMC6509160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling activation is a tightly regulated process involving myriad posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitylation/deubiquitylation, proteolytical cleavage events as well as translocation of proteins to new compartments within the cell. In addition to each of these events potentially regulating individual proteins, the assembly of very large supramolecular complexes has emerged as a common theme in signal transduction and is now known to regulate many signaling events. This is particularly evident in pathways regulating both inflammation and cell death/survival. Regulation of the assembly and silencing of these complexes plays important roles in immune signaling and inflammation and the fate of cells to either die or survive. Here we will give a summary of some of the better studied supramolecular complexes involved in inflammation and cell death, particularly with a focus on diseases caused by their autoactivation and the role autophagy either plays or may be playing in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Gentle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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258
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Abstract
RIPK1 plays a critical role in mediating deleterious responses downstream of TNFR1. RIPK1 inhibitors have been progressed successfully past human phase I clinical studies. This paper discusses why RIPK1 inhibitors present an opportunity for developing oral drugs for a range of human degenerative and inflammatory diseases, especially CNS pathologies, including ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and lysosomal storage diseases. RIPK1 kinase has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. This was supported by extensive studies which demonstrated that RIPK1 is a key mediator of apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, human genetic evidence has linked the dysregulation of RIPK1 to the pathogenesis of ALS as well as other inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, unique allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 that offer high selectivity have been developed. These molecules can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, thus offering the possibility to target neuroinflammation and cell death which drive various neurologic conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis as well as acute neurological diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries. We discuss the current understanding of RIPK1 regulatory mechanisms and emerging evidence for the pathological roles of RIPK1 in human diseases, especially in the context of the central nervous systems.
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259
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Tang D, Kang R, Berghe TV, Vandenabeele P, Kroemer G. The molecular machinery of regulated cell death. Cell Res 2019; 29:347-364. [PMID: 30948788 PMCID: PMC6796845 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1341] [Impact Index Per Article: 268.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells may die from accidental cell death (ACD) or regulated cell death (RCD). ACD is a biologically uncontrolled process, whereas RCD involves tightly structured signaling cascades and molecularly defined effector mechanisms. A growing number of novel non-apoptotic forms of RCD have been identified and are increasingly being implicated in various human pathologies. Here, we critically review the current state of the art regarding non-apoptotic types of RCD, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, entotic cell death, netotic cell death, parthanatos, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, alkaliptosis and oxeiptosis. The in-depth comprehension of each of these lethal subroutines and their intercellular consequences may uncover novel therapeutic targets for the avoidance of pathogenic cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Protein Modification and Degradation Lab, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 510510, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem program, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138, Paris, France.
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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260
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Peltzer N, Walczak H. Cell Death and Inflammation – A Vital but Dangerous Liaison. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:387-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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261
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Serine 25 phosphorylation inhibits RIPK1 kinase-dependent cell death in models of infection and inflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1729. [PMID: 30988283 PMCID: PMC6465317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RIPK1 regulates cell death and inflammation through kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. As a scaffold, RIPK1 inhibits caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis. As a kinase, RIPK1 paradoxically induces these cell death modalities. The molecular switch between RIPK1 pro-survival and pro-death functions remains poorly understood. We identify phosphorylation of RIPK1 on Ser25 by IKKs as a key mechanism directly inhibiting RIPK1 kinase activity and preventing TNF-mediated RIPK1-dependent cell death. Mimicking Ser25 phosphorylation (S > D mutation) protects cells and mice from the cytotoxic effect of TNF in conditions of IKK inhibition. In line with their roles in IKK activation, TNF-induced Ser25 phosphorylation of RIPK1 is defective in TAK1- or SHARPIN-deficient cells and restoring phosphorylation protects these cells from TNF-induced death. Importantly, mimicking Ser25 phosphorylation compromises the in vivo cell death-dependent immune control of Yersinia infection, a physiological model of TAK1/IKK inhibition, and rescues the cell death-induced multi-organ inflammatory phenotype of the SHARPIN-deficient mice.
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262
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Krishna-Subramanian S, Singer S, Armaka M, Banales JM, Holzer K, Schirmacher P, Walczak H, Kollias G, Pasparakis M, Kondylis V. RIPK1 and death receptor signaling drive biliary damage and early liver tumorigenesis in mice with chronic hepatobiliary injury. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:2710-2726. [PMID: 30988397 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis is intrinsically linked to chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis. Conversely, necroptosis of hepatocytes and other liver cell types and its relevance for liver disease is debated. Using liver parenchymal cell (LPC)-specific TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-deficient (TAK1LPC-KO) mice, which exhibit spontaneous hepatocellular and biliary damage, hepatitis, and early hepatocarcinogenesis, we have investigated the contribution of apoptosis and necroptosis in hepatocyte and cholangiocyte death and their impact on liver disease progression. Here, we provide in vivo evidence showing that TAK1-deficient cholangiocytes undergo spontaneous necroptosis induced primarily by TNFR1 and dependent on RIPK1 kinase activity, RIPK3, and NEMO. In contrast, TAK1-deficient hepatocytes die by FADD-dependent apoptosis, which is not significantly inhibited by LPC-specific RIPK1 deficiency, inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity, RIPK3 deficiency or combined LPC-specific deletion of TNFR1, TRAILR, and Fas. Accordingly, normal mouse cholangiocytes can undergo necroptosis, while primary hepatocytes are resistant to it and die exclusively by apoptosis upon treatment with cell death-inducing stimuli in vitro, likely due to the differential expression of RIPK3. Interestingly, the genetic modifications that conferred protection from biliary damage also prevented the spontaneous lethality that was often observed in TAK1LPC-KO mice. In the presence of chronic hepatocyte apoptosis, preventing biliary damage delayed but did not avert hepatocarcinogenesis. On the contrary, inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis fully prevented liver tumorigenesis even in mice with extensive biliary damage. Altogether, our results suggest that using RIPK1 kinase activity inhibitors could be therapeutically useful for cholestatic liver disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Krishna-Subramanian
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marietta Armaka
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Athens, Greece
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kerstin Holzer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Kollias
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Athens, Greece.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vangelis Kondylis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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263
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Magtanong L, Dixon SJ. Ferroptosis and Brain Injury. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:382-395. [PMID: 30820017 PMCID: PMC6658337 DOI: 10.1159/000496922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of toxic lipid reactive oxygen species. Small-molecule screening and subsequent optimization have yielded potent and specific activators and inhibitors of this process. These compounds have been employed to dissect the lethal mechanism and implicate this process in pathological cell death events observed in many tissues, including the brain. Indeed, ferroptosis is emerging as an important mechanism of cell death during stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and other acute brain injuries, and may also play a role in certain degenerative brain disorders. Outstanding issues include the practical need to identify molecular markers of ferroptosis that can be used to detect and study this process in vivo, and the more basic problem of understanding the relationship between ferroptosis and other forms of cell death that can be triggered in the brain during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Magtanong
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,
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264
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Tonnus W, Meyer C, Paliege A, Belavgeni A, von Mässenhausen A, Bornstein SR, Hugo C, Becker JU, Linkermann A. The pathological features of regulated necrosis. J Pathol 2019; 247:697-707. [PMID: 30714148 DOI: 10.1002/path.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis of a cell is defined by the loss of its plasma membrane integrity. Morphologically, necrosis occurs in several forms such as coagulative necrosis, colliquative necrosis, caseating necrosis, fibrinoid necrosis, and others. Biochemically, necrosis was demonstrated to represent a number of genetically determined signalling pathways. These include (i) kinase-mediated necroptosis, which depends on receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated phosphorylation of the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL); (ii) gasdermin-mediated necrosis downstream of inflammasomes, also referred to as pyroptosis; and (iii) an iron-catalysed mechanism of highly specific lipid peroxidation named ferroptosis. Given the molecular understanding of the nature of these pathways, specific antibodies may allow direct detection of regulated necrosis and correlation with morphological features. Necroptosis can be specifically detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence employing antibodies to phosphorylated MLKL. Likewise, it is possible to generate cleavage-specific antibodies against epitopes in gasdermin protein family members. In ferroptosis, however, specific detection requires quantification of oxidative lipids by mass spectrometry (oxylipidomics). Together with classical cell death markers, such as TUNEL staining and detection of cleaved caspase-3 in apoptotic cells, the extension of the arsenal of necrosis markers will allow pathological detection of specific molecular pathways rather than isolated morphological descriptions. These novel pieces of information will be extraordinarily helpful for clinicians as inhibitors of necroptosis (necrostatins), ferroptosis (ferrostatins), and inflammasomes have emerged in clinical trials. Anatomical pathologists should embrace these novel ancillary tests and the concepts behind them and test their impact on diagnostic precision, prognostication, and the prediction of response to the upcoming anti-necrotic therapies. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Meyer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Paliege
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexia Belavgeni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne von Mässenhausen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Ulrich Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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265
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Shin CH, Choi DS. Essential Roles for the Non-Canonical IκB Kinases in Linking Inflammation to Cancer, Obesity, and Diabetes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020178. [PMID: 30791439 PMCID: PMC6406369 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical IκB kinases (IKKs) TBK1 and IKKε have essential roles as regulators of innate immunity and cancer. Recent work has also implicated these kinases in distinctively controlling glucose homeostasis and repressing adaptive thermogenic and mitochondrial biogenic response upon obesity-induced inflammation. Additionally, TBK1 and IKKε regulate pancreatic β-cell regeneration. In this review, we summarize current data on the functions and molecular mechanisms of TBK1 and IKKε in orchestrating inflammation to cancer, obesity, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hyun Shin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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266
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Brenner D, Sieverding K, Bruno C, Lüningschrör P, Buck E, Mungwa S, Fischer L, Brockmann SJ, Ulmer J, Bliederhäuser C, Philibert CE, Satoh T, Akira S, Boillée S, Mayer B, Sendtner M, Ludolph AC, Danzer KM, Lobsiger CS, Freischmidt A, Weishaupt JH. Heterozygous Tbk1 loss has opposing effects in early and late stages of ALS in mice. J Exp Med 2019; 216:267-278. [PMID: 30635357 PMCID: PMC6363427 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1 ) cause familial ALS, yet downstream mechanisms of TBK1 mutations remained elusive. TBK1 is a pleiotropic kinase involved in the regulation of selective autophagy and inflammation. We show that heterozygous Tbk1 deletion alone does not lead to signs of motoneuron degeneration or disturbed autophagy in mice during a 200-d observation period. Surprisingly, however, hemizygous deletion of Tbk1 inversely modulates early and late disease phases in mice additionally overexpressing ALS-linked SOD1G93A , which represents a "second hit" that induces both neuroinflammation and proteostatic dysregulation. At the early stage, heterozygous Tbk1 deletion impairs autophagy in motoneurons and prepones both the clinical onset and muscular denervation in SOD1G93A/Tbk1+/- mice. At the late disease stage, however, it significantly alleviates microglial neuroinflammation, decelerates disease progression, and extends survival. Our results indicate a profound effect of TBK1 on brain inflammatory cells under pro-inflammatory conditions and point to a complex, two-edged role of TBK1 in SOD1-linked ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clara Bruno
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Buck
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Mungwa
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Ulmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clémentine E Philibert
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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267
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Qin X, Ma D, Tan YX, Wang HY, Cai Z. The role of necroptosis in cancer: A double-edged sword? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:259-266. [PMID: 30716362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed, caspase-independent cell death that is morphologically similar to necrosis. Unlike apoptosis, necroptosis evokes inflammatory responses by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns. Recent studies suggest that tumor undergoes necroptosis in vivo and necroptosis has pro- or anti-tumoral effects in cancer development and progression. Furthermore, triggering necroptosis in tumor cells has been explored as a potential therapeutic strategy against cancer. Here, we will review the recent research progress of necroptosis in conferring anti- or pro-tumoral effects and its potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qin
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Tan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Purpose of review In this review we highlight recent advances in the human genetics of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In addition to providing a broad survey of genes implicated in FTD in the last several years, we also discuss variation in genes implicated in both hereditary leukodystrophies and risk for FTD (e.g., TREM2, TMEM106B, CSF1R, AARS2, NOTCH3). Recent findings Over the past five years, genetic variation in approximately 50 genes has been confirmed or suggested to cause or influence risk for FTD and FTD-spectrum disorders. We first give background and discuss recent findings related to C9ORF72, GRN and MAPT, the genes most commonly implicated in FTD. We then provide a broad overview of other FTD-associated genes and go on to discuss new findings in FTD genetics in East Asian populations, including pathogenic variation in CHCHD10, which may represent a frequent cause of disease in Chinese populations. Finally, we consider recent insights gleaned from genome-wide association and genetic pleiotropy studies. Summary Recent genetic discoveries highlight cellular pathways involving autophagy, the endolysosomal system and neuroinflammation, and reveal an intriguing overlap between genes that confer risk for leukodystrophy and FTD.
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Abstract
Ubiquitination (also known as ubiquitylation) is a post-translational modification that creates versatility in cell signalling and regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Its versatility lies in the capacity to form eight different inter-ubiquitin linkages through the seven lysine residues of ubiquitin and through its N-terminal methionine (M1). The latter, referred to as linear or M1 linkage, is created by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only E3 ligase known to date that is capable of forming linear ubiquitin chains de novo Linear ubiquitin chains are crucial modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and act by regulating inflammatory and cell death signalling. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the current knowledge on the role of LUBAC and linear ubiquitination in immune signalling and human physiology. We specifically focus on the role for LUBAC in signalling that is induced by the cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its role in inflammation, gene activation and cell death. Furthermore, we highlight the roles of deubiquitinases (DUBs) that cleave M1 linkages and add an additional layer in the control of LUBAC-mediated immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Spit
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Eva Rieser
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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271
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Cell biology in support of neurological research: 2018 highlights. Lancet Neurol 2018; 18:19-20. [PMID: 30563677 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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272
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Lafont E, Draber P, Rieser E, Reichert M, Kupka S, de Miguel D, Draberova H, von Mässenhausen A, Bhamra A, Henderson S, Wojdyla K, Chalk A, Surinova S, Linkermann A, Walczak H. TBK1 and IKKε prevent TNF-induced cell death by RIPK1 phosphorylation. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1389-1399. [PMID: 30420664 PMCID: PMC6268100 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The linear-ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) modulates signalling via various immune receptors. In tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling, linear (also known as M1) ubiquitin enables full gene activation and prevents cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying cell death prevention remain ill-defined. Here, we show that LUBAC activity enables TBK1 and IKKε recruitment to and activation at the TNF receptor 1 signalling complex (TNFR1-SC). While exerting only limited effects on TNF-induced gene activation, TBK1 and IKKε are essential to prevent TNF-induced cell death. Mechanistically, TBK1 and IKKε phosphorylate the kinase RIPK1 in the TNFR1-SC, thereby preventing RIPK1-dependent cell death. This activity is essential in vivo, as it prevents TNF-induced lethal shock. Strikingly, NEMO (also known as IKKγ), which mostly, but not exclusively, binds the TNFR1-SC via M1 ubiquitin, mediates the recruitment of the adaptors TANK and NAP1 (also known as AZI2). TANK is constitutively associated with both TBK1 and IKKε, while NAP1 is associated with TBK1. We discovered a previously unrecognized cell death checkpoint that is mediated by TBK1 and IKKε, and uncovered an essential survival function for NEMO, whereby it enables the recruitment and activation of these non-canonical IKKs to prevent TNF-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Rieser
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Reichert
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Kupka
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Draberova
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anne von Mässenhausen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amandeep Bhamra
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Henderson
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (BLIC), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katarzyna Wojdyla
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Avigayil Chalk
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Surinova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Proteomics Research Core Facility, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
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273
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Kondylis V, Pasparakis M. RIP Kinases in Liver Cell Death, Inflammation and Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2018; 25:47-63. [PMID: 30455045 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is intrinsically linked to inflammatory liver disease and cancer development. Recent genetic studies have suggested that receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1 is implicated in liver disease pathogenesis by regulating caspase-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or other stimuli. In contrast, the contribution of caspase-independent RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase like (MLKL)-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis remains debatable. Hepatocyte apoptosis depends on the balance between RIPK1 prosurvival scaffolding functions and its kinase-activity-mediated proapoptotic function. Several regulatory steps promote the prosurvival role of RIPK1, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination of RIPK1 itself and other molecules involved in RIPK1 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of liver damage by targeting RIPK1 signaling emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent chronic liver inflammation and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Kondylis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany.
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