251
|
Pytharopoulou S, Kournoutou GG, Leotsinidis M, Georgiou CD, Kalpaxis DL. Dysfunctions of the translational machinery in digestive glands of mussels exposed to mercury ions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 134-135:23-33. [PMID: 23537583 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is an element naturally occurring in the biosphere, but is also released into the environment by human activities, such as mining, smelting, and industrial discharge. Mercury is a biologically harmful element and any exposure of living organisms mainly due to contamination, can cause severe or even lethal side effects. In every form detected, elemental, inorganic, or organic, mercury exhibits toxicity associated with induced oxidative stress. Although the genotoxicity of mercury has been well demonstrated in mussels, little is known about its toxic effects on the translational machinery at the molecular level. To investigate possible effects, we exposed the common mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in seawater supplemented by 30 μg/L Hg²⁺ for 15 days. We observed that Hg²⁺ was significantly accumulated in the digestive glands of mussels, reaching a level around 80 μg/g tissue (dry weight) at the 15th day of exposure. Exposure of mussels to Hg²⁺ resulted in failure of redox homeostasis, as reflected on lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activity in glands, and micronucleus frequency in gills. Extracts from digestive glands after 15-day exposure to Hg²⁺ exhibited decreased tRNA aminoacylation ability and, moreover, a 70% reduction in the ability of 40S ribosomal subunits to form the 48S initiation ribosomal complex. A similar reduction was detected in the ability of ribosomes to translocate peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site, an observation coinciding with the notion that regulation of protein synthesis by Hg²⁺ mainly occurs at the initiation and elongation stages of translation. A-site binding, peptidyl transferase activity, and termination of peptide chain synthesis underwent less pronounced but measurable reductions, a finding which explains why poly(Phe)-synthesis in ribosomes isolated from exposed mussels is reduced by 70%. In conclusion, Hg²⁺ apart from being a genotoxic ion acts as a modulator of protein synthesis in mussels, an observation probably related with its ability to induce oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pytharopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
252
|
Yao HD, Wu Q, Zhang ZW, Zhang JL, Li S, Huang JQ, Ren FZ, Xu SW, Wang XL, Lei XG. Gene expression of endoplasmic reticulum resident selenoproteins correlates with apoptosis in various muscles of se-deficient chicks. J Nutr 2013; 143:613-9. [PMID: 23514769 PMCID: PMC3738234 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.172395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary selenium (Se) deficiency causes muscular dystrophy in various species, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our objectives were to investigate: 1) if dietary Se deficiency induced different amounts of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cell apoptosis in 3 skeletal muscles; and 2) if the distribution and expression of 4 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident selenoprotein genes (Sepn1, Selk, Sels, and Selt) were related to oxidative damages in these muscles. Two groups of day-old layer chicks (n = 60/group) were fed a corn-soy basal diet (33 μg Se/kg; produced in the Se-deficient area of Heilongjiang, China) or the diet supplemented with Se (as sodium selenite) at 0.15 mg/kg for 55 d. Dietary Se deficiency resulted in accelerated (P < 0.05) cell apoptosis that was associated with decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and elevated lipid peroxidation in these muscles. All these responses were stronger in the pectoral muscle than in the thigh and wing muscles (P < 0.05). Relative distribution of the 4 ER resident selenoprotein gene mRNA amounts and their responses to dietary Se deficiency were consistent with the resultant oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in the 3 muscles. Expression of Sepn1, Sels, and Selt in these muscles was correlated with (r > 0.72; P < 0.05) that of Sepsecs encoding a key enzyme for biosynthesis of selenocysteine (selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase). In conclusion, the pectoral muscle demonstrated unique expression patterns of the ER resident selenoprotein genes and GPx activity, along with elevated susceptibility to oxidative cell death, compared with the other skeletal muscles. These features might help explain why it is a primary target of Se deficiency diseases in chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dong Yao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiu-Li Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Wen Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China,To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Wildlife Resource College and Center of Conservation Medicine and Ecological Safety, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; and,To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Sears ME. Chelation: harnessing and enhancing heavy metal detoxification--a review. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:219840. [PMID: 23690738 PMCID: PMC3654245 DOI: 10.1155/2013/219840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury are ubiquitous, have no beneficial role in human homeostasis, and contribute to noncommunicable chronic diseases. While novel drug targets for chronic disease are eagerly sought, potentially helpful agents that aid in detoxification of toxic elements, chelators, have largely been restricted to overt acute poisoning. Chelation, that is multiple coordination bonds between organic molecules and metals, is very common in the body and at the heart of enzymes with a metal cofactor such as copper or zinc. Peptides glutathione and metallothionein chelate both essential and toxic elements as they are sequestered, transported, and excreted. Enhancing natural chelation detoxification pathways, as well as use of pharmaceutical chelators against heavy metals are reviewed. Historical adverse outcomes with chelators, lessons learned in the art of using them, and successes using chelation to ameliorate renal, cardiovascular, and neurological conditions highlight the need for renewed attention to simple, safe, inexpensive interventions that offer potential to stem the tide of debilitating, expensive chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Sears
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Liu G, Cheresh P, Kamp DW. Molecular basis of asbestos-induced lung disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2013; 8:161-87. [PMID: 23347351 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020712-163942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos causes asbestosis and malignancies by molecular mechanisms that are not fully understood. The modes of action underlying asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma appear to differ depending on the fiber type, lung clearance, and genetics. After reviewing the key pathologic changes following asbestos exposure, we examine recently identified pathogenic pathways, with a focus on oxidative stress. Alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, which is an important early event in asbestosis, is mediated by mitochondria- and p53-regulated death pathways and may be modulated by the endoplasmic reticulum. We review mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-damage and -repair mechanisms, focusing on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, as well as cross talk between reactive oxygen species production, mtDNA damage, p53, OGG1, and mitochondrial aconitase. These new insights into the molecular basis of asbestos-induced lung diseases may foster the development of novel therapeutic targets for managing degenerative diseases (e.g., asbestosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), tumors, and aging, for which effective management is lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhangjiang, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
255
|
Copper induced immunotoxicity promote differential apoptotic pathways in spleen and thymus. Toxicology 2013; 306:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
256
|
Oyetibo GO, Ilori MO, Obayori OS, Amund OO. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the presence of nickel and cobalt. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 53:917-27. [PMID: 23457074 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of environments co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals often pose a challenge as heavy metals exert toxicity to existing communities of hydrocarbon degraders. Multi-resistant bacterial strains were studied for ability to degrade hydrocarbons in chemically defined media amended with 5.0 mM Ni(2+), and Co(2+). The bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CA207Ni, Burkholderia cepacia AL96Co, and Corynebacterium kutscheri FL108Hg, utilized crude oil and anthracene without lag phase at specific growth rate spanning 0.3848-0.8259 per day. The bacterial populations grew in hydrocarbon media amended with nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) at 0.8393-1.801 days generation time (period of exponential growth, t = 15 days). The bacteria degraded 96.24-98.97, and 92.94-96.24% of crude oil, and anthracene, respectively, within 30 days without any impedance due to metal toxicity (at 5.0 mM). Rather, there was reduction of Ni and Co concentrations in the axenic culture 30 days post-inoculation to 0.08-0.12 and 0.11-0.15 mM, respectively. The metabolic functions of the bacteria are active in the presence of toxic metals (Ni and Co) while utilizing petroleum hydrocarbons for increase in biomass. These findings are useful to other baseline studies on decommissioning of sites co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and toxic metals.
Collapse
|
257
|
Liu CM, Zheng GH, Ming QL, Chao C, Sun JM. Sesamin protects mouse liver against nickel-induced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis by the PI3K-Akt pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1146-1154. [PMID: 23317420 DOI: 10.1021/jf304562b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sesamin (Ses), one of the major lignans in sesame seeds and oil, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. However, its protective effects against nickel (Ni)-induced injury in liver have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sesamin on hepatic oxidative DNA injury and apoptosis in mice exposed to nickel. Kunming mice were exposed to nickel sulfate with or without sesamin coadministration for 20 days. The data showed that sesamin significantly prevented nickel-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum aminotransferase activities) and histopathological analysis. Moreover, nickel-induced profound elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase of the lipid peroxidation level and depletion of the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level in liver, were suppressed by treatment with sesamin. Sesamin also restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, and GPx) and decreased 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in nickel-treated mice. Furthermore, a TUNEL assay showed that nickel-induced apoptosis in mouse liver was significantly inhibited by sesamin. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms of sesamin action revealed that activities of caspase-3 were markedly inhibited by the treatment of sesamin in the liver of nickel-treated mice. Sesamin increased expression levels of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (PBK/Akt) in liver, which in turn inactivated pro-apoptotic signaling events, restoring the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in the liver of nickel-treated mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that the inhibition of nickel-induced apoptosis by sesamin is due at least in part to its antioxidant activity and its ability to modulate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medical Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, No. 101 Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou City 221116, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
258
|
Bouétard A, Besnard AL, Vassaux D, Lagadic L, Coutellec MA. Impact of the redox-cycling herbicide diquat on transcript expression and antioxidant enzymatic activities of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:256-265. [PMID: 23237706 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pesticides in the environment results in potential unwanted effects on non-target species. Freshwater organisms inhabiting water bodies adjacent to agricultural areas, such as ditches, ponds and marshes, are good models to test such effects as various pesticides may reach these habitats through several ways, including aerial drift, run-off, and drainage. Diquat is a non-selective herbicide used for crop protection or for weed control in such water bodies. In this study, we investigated the effects of diquat on a widely spread aquatic invertebrate, the holarctic freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Due to the known redox-cycling properties of diquat, we studied transcript expression and enzymatic activities relative to oxidative and general stress in the haemolymph and gonado-digestive complex (GDC). As diquat is not persistent, snails were exposed for short times (5, 24, and 48 h) to ecologically relevant concentrations (22.2, 44.4, and 222.2 μg l(-1)) of diquat dibromide. RT-qPCR was used to quantify the transcription of genes encoding catalase (cat), a cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-sod), a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (gpx), a glutathione reductase (gred), the retinoid X receptor (rxr), two heat shock proteins (hsp40 and hsp70), cortactin (cor) and the two ribosomal genes r18S and r28s. Enzymatic activities of SOD, Gpx, Gred and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were investigated in the GDC using spectrophoto/fluorometric methods. Opposite trends were obtained in the haemolymph depending on the herbicide concentration. At the lowest concentration, effects were mainly observed after 24 h of exposure, with over-transcription of cor, hsp40, rxr, and sod, whereas higher concentrations down-regulated the expression of most of the studied transcripts, especially after 48 h of exposure. In the GDC, earlier responses were observed and the fold-change magnitude was generally much higher: transcription of all target genes increased significantly (or non-significantly for cat) after 5 h of exposure, and went back to control levels afterwards, suggesting the onset of an early response to oxidative stress associated to the unbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes. Although increases obtained for Gred and SOD activities were globally consistent with their respective transcript expressions, up-regulation of transcription was not always correlated with increase of enzymatic activity, indicating that diquat might affect steps downstream of transcription. However, constitutive levels of enzymatic activities were at least maintained. In conclusion, diquat was shown to affect expression of the whole set of studied transcripts, reflecting their suitability as markers of early response to oxidative stress in L. stagnalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Bouétard
- INRA, UMR INRA-Agrocampus Ouest ESE, Equipe Ecotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Rennes, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
259
|
Abate M, Schiavone C, Salini V, Andia I. Occurrence of tendon pathologies in metabolic disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:599-608. [PMID: 23315787 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the pathogenetic role of metabolic disorders, which are of paramount relevance to the progression of tendon damage. In diabetes, the prevalence of rheumatological diseases is high, mainly because of the deleterious effects of advanced glycation end products that deteriorate the biological and mechanical functions of tendons and ligaments. In heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, most patients develop Achilles xanthomatosis, a marker of high risk for cardiovascular disease caused by cholesterol deposition in the tendons. Tendon degeneration has also been observed in non-familial hypercholesterolaemia. Monosodium urate crystal deposition in soft tissues is a hallmark of chronic gouty arthritis. In this group of diseases, the mobilization of cholesterol and uric acid crystals is presumably followed by low-grade inflammation, which is responsible for tendon degeneration. Adiposity may contribute to tendon disorders via two different mechanisms: increased weight on the load-bearing tendons and systemic dysmetabolic factors that trigger subclinical persistent inflammation. Finally, tendon abnormalities have been observed in some rare congenital metabolism disorders such as alkaptonuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Abate
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
260
|
Dewanjee S, Sahu R, Karmakar S, Gangopadhyay M. Toxic effects of lead exposure in Wistar rats: involvement of oxidative stress and the beneficial role of edible jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:78-91. [PMID: 23291325 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is considered to be a multi-target toxicant. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves against Pb-acetate induced toxic manifestation in blood, liver, kidney, brain and heart of Wistar rats. The Pb-acetate (5mg/kg body weight) treated rats exhibited a significant inhibition of co-enzymes Q, antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione levels in the tissues. In addition, the extent of lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and haematological parameters were significantly altered in the Pb-acetate treated rats as compared to control. Simultaneous administration of test extract (25, 50 and 100mg/kg body weight), could significantly restore the biochemical and haematological parameters near to the normal status through antioxidant activity and/or by preventing bioaccumulation of Pb within the tissues of experimental rats. Presence of substantial quantity of phenolics and flavonoids in the extract may be responsible for the observed protective role against Pb-intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
261
|
Hosseini MJ, Shaki F, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of vanadium on isolated rat liver mitochondria: a new mechanistic approach. Metallomics 2013; 5:152-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20198d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
262
|
Marchant C, Leiva V, Cavieres MF, Sanhueza A. Air contaminant statistical distributions with application to PM10 in Santiago, Chile. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 223:1-31. [PMID: 23149810 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5577-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of statistical distributions to predict air quality is valuable for determining the impact of air chemical contaminants on human health. Concentrations of air pollutants are treated as random variables that can be modeled by a statistical distribution that is positively skewed and starts from zero. The type of distribution selected for analyzing air pollution data and its associated parameters depend on factors such as emission source and local meteorology and topography. International environmental guideline use appropriate distributions to compute exceedance probabilities and percentiles for setting administrative targets and issuing environmental alerts. The distribution bears a relationship to the normal distribution, and there are theoretical - and physical-based mechanistic arguments that support its use when analyzing air-pollutant data. Others distribution have also been used to model air population data, such as the beta, exponential, gamma, Johnson, log-logistic, Pearson, and Weibull distribution. One model also developed from physical-mechanistic considerations that has received considerable interest in recent year is the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution. This distribution has theoretical arguments and properties similar to those of the log-normal distribution, which renders it useful for modeling air contamination data. In this review, we have addressed the range of common atmospheric contaminants and the health effects they cause. We have also reviewed the statistical distributions that have been use to model air quality, after which we have detailed the problem of air contamination in Santiago, Chile. We have illustrated a methodology that is based on the Birnbaum-Saunders distributions to analyze air contamination data from Santiago, Chile. Finally, in the conclusions, we have provided a list of synoptic statements designed to help readers understand the significance of air pollution in Chile, and in Santiago, in particular, but that can be useful to other cites and countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Marchant
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
263
|
Nava-Ruíz C, Méndez-Armenta M. Cadmium, Lead, Thallium: Occurrence, Neurotoxicity and Histopathological Changes of the Nervous System. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02387-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
264
|
Abstract
Several rheumatologic manifestations are more pronounced in subjects with diabetes, ie, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tears, Dupuytren's contracture, trigger finger, cheiroarthropathy in the upper limb, and Achilles tendinopathy and plantar fasciitis in the lower limb. These conditions can limit the range of motion of the affected joint, thereby impairing function and ability to perform activities of daily living. This review provides a short description of diabetes-related joint diseases, the specific pathogenetic mechanisms involved, and the role of inflammation, overuse, and genetics, each of which activates a complex sequence of biochemical alterations. Diabetes is a causative factor in tendon diseases and amplifies the damage induced by other agents as well. According to an accepted hypothesis, damaged joint tissue in diabetes is caused by an excess of advanced glycation end products, which forms covalent cross-links within collagen fibers and alters their structure and function. Moreover, they interact with a variety of cell surface receptors, activating a number of effects, including pro-oxidant and proinflammatory events. Adiposity and advanced age, commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, are further pathogenetic factors. Prevention and strict control of this metabolic disorder is essential, because it has been demonstrated that limited joint motion is related to duration of the disease and hyperglycemia. Several treatments are used in clinical practice, but their mechanisms of action are not completely understood, and their efficacy is also debated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Abate
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: Michele Abate, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italy, Tel +39 0871 358 576, Fax +39 0871 358 969, Email
| | - Cosima Schiavone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Isabel Andia
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
265
|
Ye L, Shi Z, Liu H, Yang X, Wang K. GdCl3 induced Hep G2 cell death through mitochondrial and external death pathways without significant elevation of ROS generation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:148-55. [PMID: 23129526 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) compounds have important applications as MRI contrast and potential anticancer agents. The present study investigated the mechanisms of the proapoptotic effect of gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) on hepatoblastoma cell line (Hep G2) tumor cells. The experimental results indicated that GdCl(3) induced apoptosis of Hep G2 at high concentration and with long time incubation; however, unlike the actions on normal cell lines, GdCl(3) did not cause any oxidative stress on tumor cells. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis inducing factor release, Bax translocation, collapse of mitochondria membrane potential, caspase 3 and 8 activation, and Bid cleavage were observed along with a sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK). Addition of ERK and JNK inhibitor attenuated the effect of GdCl(3) induced apoptosis and Cyt c release. All the results suggested a novel mechanism that GdCl(3) induced Hep G2 cell death through intrinsic and external death pathways without significant elevation of reactive oxygen species generation. The present work provided new insight to understand the mechanisms of the biological effects of GdCl(3) and implications for the development of anticancer Gd agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
266
|
Li X, Zhang L, Xu YW, Wang C, Zhao Y, Yu P, Lv SW, Yan GL, Liu JQ, Luo GM. The protective effects of 6-CySeCD with GPx activity against UVB-induced injury in HaCaT cells. Australas J Dermatol 2012; 54:120-5. [PMID: 23094659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2012.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by UVB irradiation could induce cell apoptosis and change the cell cycle. 6A,6A'-dicyclohexylamine-6B,6B'-diselenide-bis-β-cyclodextrin (6-CySeCD) is a novel glutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) mimic. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of 6-CySeCD in cultured immortalised human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). METHODS HaCaT cells were treated with 30 mJ/cm(2) UVB to establish a damage model. The cultured HaCaT cells were randomly assigned to the control, UVB and treatment groups. The treatment group was incubated with 20 μmol/L of GPx mimics before UVB irradiation. Cell viability was detected by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the level of lipid peroxidation was determined by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA fragmentation was observed using agarose gel electrophoresis and the levels of intracellular ROS and cell cycle progression were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS The levels of cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS, lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage significantly increased after UVB irradiation in the HaCaT cells. UVB irradiation caused pre-G1 -phase arrest in HaCaT cells and significantly reduced the number of HaCaT cells in the S phase. The GPx mimics 6-CySeCD and 2-phenyl-l,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one (ebselen) significantly blocked UVB-induced apoptosis and changed the cell cycle of the HaCaT cells. The blocked effect of pretreatment 6-CySeCD in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells was better than that of pretreatment with ebselen. CONCLUSION 6-CySeCD can relieve the damage induced by UVB irradiation in HaCaT cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
267
|
Grintzalis K, Georgiou CD, Dailianis S. Total thiol redox status as a potent biomarker of PAH-mediated effects on mussels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 81:26-34. [PMID: 22944588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This laboratory study describes phenanthrene (Ph) and/or anthracene (An) ability to alter the total thiol redox status (TRS), via depletion of protein free thiols (PSH) and glutathione (GSH) levels, in gills of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, after a short-term (7 days) exposure period to each contaminant (at a final concentration of 0.1 mg L(-1)) or in a mixture (ration 1:1, at a final concentration of 0.2 mg L(-1)). A number of observable changes, like lysosomal membrane impairment (as detected via the neutral red retention time assay, primarily performed in haemocytes), enhancement of lipid peroxidation byproducts, increased nuclear abnormalities, inhibition of AChE and ALP activity, as well as a significant depletion of PSH and GSH were detected in gills of exposed mussels, in any case. Significant relationships occurred among TRS parameters with each change/stress indices measured in tissues of mussels, could reinforce the use of PSH as a potent biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Grintzalis
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
268
|
Protective role of quercetin against lead-induced inflammatory response in rat kidney through the ROS-mediated MAPKs and NF-κB pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1693-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
269
|
Andrade-Vieira LF, de Campos JMS, Davide LC. Effects of Spent Pot Liner on mitotic activity and nuclear DNA content in meristematic cells of Allium cepa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 107:140-146. [PMID: 22634111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Industrial waste usually contains complex mixtures of mutagenic chemicals. Spent Pot Liner (SPL) is a complex solid waste from the aluminum industry, which is composed of organics, fluoride salts, inorganic cyanides, metals, and sodium. Due to the toxicity of these compounds, this study sought to use cytogenetics and flow cytometry to assess the effects of SPL on cell cycle parameters and DNA content in meristematic cells of Allium cepa. Three concentrations of leachates from SPL-soil mixtures were used for the study: 0, 10, and 25%. Roots were collected and analyzed after 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 h of exposure to the above SPL leachates. The results showed an overall mitodepressive effect accompanied by an increased percentage of condensed nuclei and genomic instability as evidenced by the presence of cellular/chromosomal abnormalities. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling revealed nuclei with fragmented DNA, a marker of programmed cell death. This study also addressed the question of reversibility of the effects of SPL and found that 36 h of exposure to 25% SPL seemed to be the point at which the effects on the induction of apoptosis became irreversible.
Collapse
|
270
|
Ibrahim M, Hassan W, Meinerz DF, dos Santos M, V. Klimaczewski C, M. Deobald A, Costa MS, Nogueira CW, Barbosa NBV, Rocha JBT. Antioxidant properties of diorganoyl diselenides and ditellurides: modulation by organic aryl or naphthyl moiety. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:97-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
271
|
Kong X, Wang S, Jiang H, Nie G, Li X. Responses of acid/alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and catalase activities and lipid peroxidation to mercury exposure during the embryonic development of goldfish Carassius auratus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 120-121:119-125. [PMID: 22683699 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of mercury exposure on goldfish (Carassius auratus) embryos based on the dynamic characteristics of chemical parameters. Day-old embryos were exposed to different Hg(2+) concentrations (0, 0.2, 1, 5, and 10 μg/L). Subsequently, the embryos were sampled every 24 h during embryonic development to measure acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LSZ), and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results revealed that the responses of ACP and AKP to mercury exposure presented in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. The enzyme activities were significantly induced with increased concentrations and extended exposure (at 5 μg/L after 72 h and 10 μg/L after 48 h; p<0.05 or p<0.01). LSZ was not sensitive to lower Hg(2+) concentrations, whereas LSZ significantly increased at higher concentrations and longer exposure (at 5 μg/L at 120 h and 10 μg/L after 72 h; p<0.05 or p<0.01). CAT activities were significantly inhibited at different periods of embryonic development, particularly at 5 and 10 μg/L (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Reduced CAT activities were observed at 72, 96, and 120 h at 1 μg/L (p<0.05 or p<0.01), whereas a decline at 0.2 μg/L was evident at 96 h (p<0.01). MDA content significantly increased at various stages of embryonic development, particularly at 10 μg/L (p<0.05 or p<0.01), and increased further at 72, 96, and 120 h at 5 μg/L (p<0.05 or p<0.01). At 96 h, MDA content was only increased by exposure to 0.2 and 1 μg/L (p<0.01). The activities of ACP, AKP, and LSZ remarkably increased at 120 h in contrast to 96 h (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Therefore, 96 h is an important shifting period of embryonic development because the activity of enzyme has been enhanced at this time. Thus, the increased ACP, AKP, and LSZ activities revealed an enhanced ability of the embryo to synthesize more enzymes and attenuate mercury damage. CAT activity negatively correlates with MDA accumulation. The enhanced enzyme activities after specific embryonic stages are used to strengthen the ability to cope with mercury stress and attenuate mercury damage. The biochemical parameters, except LSZ, exhibited sensitivity to mercury, suggesting that they may act as potential biomarkers in assessing the environmental mercury risk on C. auratus embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
272
|
Wang Y, Wang L, Zhu Z, Ma W, Lei C. The molecular characterization of antioxidant enzyme genes in Helicoverpa armigera adults and their involvement in response to ultraviolet-A stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:1250-1258. [PMID: 22750691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause oxidative stress in insects. To gain insight into the roles of different antioxidant enzymes of Helicoverpa armigera adults in response to oxidative stress caused by UV-A at a molecular level, three antioxidant enzyme genes [encoding copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] were cloned. The deduced amino acid sequences of these genes are similar to that of other insects. In addition, the expression profiles of genes from a classic antioxidant defense system, comprising Cu/ZnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), CAT, thioredoxin peroxidase, GPX and glutathione-S-transferase, were also determined. The results indicated that all antioxidant enzyme genes (except MnSOD in females) were significantly upregulated at certain time points (from 30 to 90min) in both male and female adults of H. armigera following UV-A radiation. We also found that longer periods of radiation exposure did not yield higher levels of mRNA expression. Furthermore, changes of determined physiological parameters (glutathione, Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD activity) were basically consistent with the gene expression profiles. We therefore infer that the different antioxidant enzymes of H. armigera act in a coordinated manner at the transcriptional level against oxidative stress caused by UV-A radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
273
|
Xu W, Liu W, Shao X, Jiang G, Li X. Effect of trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2012; 24:185-194. [PMID: 22897202 PMCID: PMC3464453 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.675937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio. Seventy-five fish were divided into five groups (each group in triplicate), and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L of trichlorfon and fed with commercial feed for 30 d. At the end of the experiment, plasma and hepatic lipid metabolic biochemical status were analyzed. Triglyceride contents were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in liver but decreased in plasma after 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L trichlorfon treatments. Plasma insulin contents were markedly (P < 0.05) increased when trichlorfon concentrations were 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/L. There were no significant differences in hepatic hormone-sensitive lipase contents between the trichlorfon-treated fish and the controls. Hepatic cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate, very-low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein B100 contents were decreased in the fish when trichlorfon concentration was 2.0 mg/L. Furthermore, electron microscope observations showed rough endoplasmic reticulum dilatation and mitochondrial vacuolization in hepatocytes with trichlorfon exposure. On the basis of morphological and physiological evidence, trichlorfon influenced crucian carp hepatic pathways of lipid metabolism and hepatocellular ultrastructure, which resulted in lipid accumulation in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WeiNa Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - WenBin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - XianPing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - GuangZhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - XianngFei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Liu CM, Ma JQ, Sun YZ. Puerarin protects the rat liver against oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis induced by lead. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:575-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
275
|
Kim S, Ryu DY. Silver nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis in cultured cells and animal tissues. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:78-89. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul; South Korea
| | - Doug-Young Ryu
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul; South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
276
|
El-Gerbed MSA. Protective effect of lycopene on deltamethrin-induced histological and ultrastructural changes in kidney tissue of rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:160-73. [PMID: 22865284 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712448115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is globally used in crop protection and control of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. It has a potent insecticidal activity with an appreciable safety margin. However, a number of studies have demonstrated nephrotoxicity of deltamethrin in mammalian and nonmammalian species. Lycopene, a carotenoid occurring naturally in tomatoes, has attracted considerable attention as an antioxidant. This study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of coadministration of lycopene on deltamethrin toxicity. In this study, male albino rats were divided into four groups of 10 animals each: group I served as control, which received standard diet; group II received oral administration of deltamethrin (1.28 mg/kg per day) for 30 days; group III received both deltamethrin and lycopene (1 mg/kg per day); group IV received lycopene (1 mg/kg per day). After the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in the serum was measured; the kidney was taken for histological and ultrastructural studies. Deltamethrin significantly increased the TNF-α. The histopathological examination of kidney showed mild necrotic changes. Ultrastructural changes in renal proximal tubules of deltamethrin-treated group included an increased number and irregular shape of mitochondria with sparse fragmented cristae, serious ultrastructural lesions in renal proximal tubular lining cells, vacuolar degeneration in the epithelial cells, increased number of lysosomes and loss of apical microvilli. In addition, focal segmental thickening and the duplication of glomerular basement membrane and podocyte changes were observed. Histopathological and ultrastructural study showed some protective effect of lycopene on kidney tissues.
Collapse
|
277
|
Shelton JF, Hertz-Picciotto I, Pessah IN. Tipping the balance of autism risk: potential mechanisms linking pesticides and autism. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:944-51. [PMID: 22534084 PMCID: PMC3404662 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been increasing in many parts of the world and a portion of cases are attributable to environmental exposures. Conclusive replicated findings have yet to appear on any specific exposure; however, mounting evidence suggests gestational pesticides exposures are strong candidates. Because multiple developmental processes are implicated in ASDs during gestation and early life, biological plausibility is more likely if these agents can be shown to affect core pathophysiological features. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to examine shared mechanisms between autism pathophysiology and the effects of pesticide exposures, focusing on neuroexcitability, oxidative stress, and immune functions and to outline the biological correlates between pesticide exposure and autism risk. METHODS We review and discuss previous research related to autism risk, developmental effects of early pesticide exposure, and basic biological mechanisms by which pesticides may induce or exacerbate pathophysiological features of autism. DISCUSSION On the basis of experimental and observational research, certain pesticides may be capable of inducing core features of autism, but little is known about the timing or dose, or which of various mechanisms is sufficient to induce this condition. CONCLUSIONS In animal studies, we encourage more research on gene × environment interactions, as well as experimental exposure to mixtures of compounds. Similarly, epidemiologic studies in humans with exceptionally high exposures can identify which pesticide classes are of greatest concern, and studies focused on gene × environment are needed to determine if there are susceptible subpopulations at greater risk from pesticide exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janie F Shelton
- Graduate Group in Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
278
|
Shen M, Lin F, Zhang J, Tang Y, Chen WK, Liu H. Involvement of the up-regulated FoxO1 expression in follicular granulosa cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25727-40. [PMID: 22669940 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.349902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular atresia is common in female mammalian ovaries, where most follicles undergo degeneration at any stage of growth and development. Oxidative stress gives rise to triggering granulosa cell apoptosis, which has been suggested as a major cause of follicular atresia. However, the underlying mechanism by which the oxidative stress induces follicular atresia remains unclear. FoxO transcription factors are known as critical mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this study, the involvement of FoxO1 in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of mouse follicular granulosa cells (MGCs) was investigated in vivo and in vitro. It was observed that increased apoptotic signals correlated with elevated expression of FoxO1 in MGCs when mice were treated with the oxidant. Correspondingly, the expressions of FoxO1 target genes, such as proapoptotic genes and antioxidative genes, were also up-regulated. In primary cultured MGCs, treatment with H(2)O(2) led to FoxO1 nuclear translocation. Further studies with overexpression and knockdown of FoxO1 demonstrated the critical role of FoxO1 in the induction of MGC apoptosis by oxidative stress. Finally, inactivation of FoxO1 by insulin treatment confirmed that FoxO1 induced by oxidative stress played a pivotal role in up-regulating the expression of downstream apoptosis-related genes in MGCs. Our results suggest that up-regulation of FoxO1 by oxidative stress leads to apoptosis of granulosa cells, which eventually results in follicular atresia in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
279
|
Xu W, Liu W, Lu K, Jiang Y, Li G. Effect of trichlorfon on oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis of Carassius auratus gibelio in vivo. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:769-775. [PMID: 21986809 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of trichlorfon on oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis of Carassius auratus gibelio in vivo, the fish were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg l(-1) trichlorfon concentrations for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, plasm antioxidant activities, hepatic total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) activity, xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and hepatocyte apoptosis rate were analyzed. The results showed hepatic T-NOS activities, XOD activities and hepatocyte apoptosis rate were increased with trichlorfon concentration increase. The hepatic MDA content was increased significantly at 4.0 mg l(-1) trichlorfon treatment. The disturbance of antioxidative balance was observed based on the monitoring of the plasm superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and vitamin E levels. The current study revealed that trichlorfon influenced fish plasma antioxidative status, caused lipid peroxidation (LPO) then resulted in hepatocytes apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WeiNa Xu
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
280
|
Han YH, Zhang ZW, Su J, Zhang B, Li S, Xu SW. Effects of chicken selenoprotein W on H2O2-induced apoptosis in CHO-K1 cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:395-402. [PMID: 22207219 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenoprotein W (SelW) is expressed in various tissues of many animals and acts as an oxidoreductase in mammals. However, little is known about the role of the SelW in birds. To investigate the role of the chicken SelW on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in CHO-K1 cells, overexpression of a chicken SelW cell lines (CHO-K1/SelW) were constructed. Using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, as well as WST-1 cell viability assay, we monitored the extent of the H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis and detected the abundance of the caspase-3, caspase-8, and fas mRNA by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR). We here found that overexpression of SelW cells, compared with the wild-type cells, resulted in a markedly decrease in sensitivity to H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and had a lower apoptotic cell death in AO/EB and TUNEL assays. Cell viability revealed that overexpression of SelW cells had higher cell viability than wild-type cells. qPCR results found that overexpression of SelW cells had a lower levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, and fas mRNA than wild-type cells. Taken together, our findings suggested that SelW could reduce the oxidative damage induced by H(2)O(2) and had an important protective function in against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Han
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
281
|
Identification and characterization of a novel calcyclin binding protein (CacyBP) gene from Apis cerana cerana. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8053-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
282
|
Health and cellular impacts of air pollutants: from cytoprotection to cytotoxicity. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:493894. [PMID: 22550588 PMCID: PMC3328890 DOI: 10.1155/2012/493894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution as one of the ravages of our modern societies is primarily linked to urban centers, industrial activities, or road traffic. These atmospheric pollutants have been incriminated in deleterious health effects by numerous epidemiological and in vitro studies. Environmental air pollutants are a heterogeneous mixture of particles suspended into a liquid and gaseous phase which trigger the disruption of redox homeostasis—known under the term of cellular oxidative stress—in relation with the establishment of inflammation and cell death via necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy. Activation or repression of the apoptotic process as an adaptative response to xenobiotics might lead to either acute or chronic toxicity. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the central role of oxidative stress induced by air pollutants and to focus on the subsequent cellular impacts ranging from cytoprotection to cytotoxicity by decreasing or stimulating apoptosis, respectively.
Collapse
|
283
|
Ahmad I, Mohmood I, Coelho JP, Pacheco M, Santos MA, Duarte AC, Pereira E. Role of non-enzymatic antioxidants on the bivalves' adaptation to environmental mercury: Organ-specificities and age effect in Scrobicularia plana inhabiting a contaminated lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 163:218-225. [PMID: 22265760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of non-enzymatic antioxidants on adaptive skills over time in the bivalve Scrobicularia plana environmentally exposed to mercury. Inter-age (2(+), 3(+), 4(+), 5(+) year old) and organ-specific (gills, digestive gland) approaches were applied in bivalves collected from moderately and highly contaminated sites at Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). S. plana's adaptive skills were dependent on the contamination extent; under moderate contamination scenario, the intervention of the different antioxidants took place harmoniously, evidencing an adjustment capacity increasing with the age. Under higher contamination degree, S. plana failed to cope with mercury threat, showing an age-dependent deterioration of the defense abilities. In organ-specific approach, the differences were particularly evident for thiol-compounds, since only gills displayed the potential to respond to moderate levels by increasing non-protein thiols and total glutathione. Under high contamination degree, both organs were unable to increase thiol-compounds, which were compensated by the ascorbic acid elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
284
|
Meng F, Lu W, Yu F, Kang M, Guo X, Xu B. Ribosomal protein L11 is related to brain maturation during the adult phase in Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99:343-52. [PMID: 22415557 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-012-0905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal proteins (RPs) play pivotal roles in developmental regulation. The loss or mutation of ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) induces various developmental defects. However, few RPs have been functionally characterized in Apis cerana cerana. In this study, we isolated a single copy gene, AccRPL11, and characterized its connection to brain maturation. AccRPL11 expression was highly concentrated in the adult brain and was significantly induced by abiotic stresses such as pesticides and heavy metals. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that AccRPL11 was localized to the medulla, lobula and surrounding tissues of esophagus in the brain. The post-transcriptional knockdown of AccRPL11 gene expression resulted in a severe decrease in adult brain than in other tissues. The expression levels of other brain development-related genes, p38, ERK2, CacyBP and CREB, were also reduced. Immunofluorescence signal attenuation was also observed in AccRPL11-rich regions of the brain in dsAccRPL11-injected honeybees. Taken together, these results suggest that AccRPL11 may be functional in brain maturation in honeybee adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
285
|
Jin C, Wu S, Lu X, Liu Q, Zhang L, Yang J, Xi Q, Cai Y. Conditioned medium from actinomycin D-treated apoptotic cells induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in bystander cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:45-53. [PMID: 22421271 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical-induced bystander effects have been known for several years, but the underlying mechanism is still seldom investigated. Previous researchers have found that mitomycin C and phleomycin induced micronuclei in bystander cells the same as in exposed cells. We previously demonstrated the ability of actinomycin D (ACTD) to induce bystander effects in normal Chinese hamster fibroblast V79 cells and found that conditioned medium (CM) obtained from ACTD-exposed apoptotic cells induced apoptosis in bystander cells. The present study further explores the probable mechanism of apoptosis in bystander cells. The main findings of this study are: (1) ACTD-treated CM induced apoptosis in bystander cells in a time-dependent manner, which was confirmed with morphological changes. (2) ACTD-treated CM increased the mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic p53 and Bax, whereas it decreased those of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in bystander cells; these were all time-dependent effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also involved in apoptosis of bystander cells. (3) ACTD-treated CM reduced mitochondria membrane potential and induced cytochrome c release. (4) ACTD-treated CM induced G1 cell phase arrest, which may be another response in bystander cells when cultured with CM. These results suggest that chemical-treated CM induces p53-Bcl-2/Bax-cytochrome c signaling (i.e., mitochondria pathway)-dependent apoptosis in bystander cells, which is a kinetic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
286
|
Puerarin protects rat kidney from lead-induced apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 258:330-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
287
|
da Mota MF, Benfica PL, Batista AC, Martins FS, de Paula JR, Valadares MC. Investigation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:319-329. [PMID: 21549815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Synadenium umbellatum Pax. is widely found in South America and empirically used in Brazil for the treatment of several diseases, mainly cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate cell death mechanisms induced by Synadenium umbellatum Pax. using Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells, as well as the myelotoxicity potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS S. umbellatum cytotoxicity was evaluated in EAT cells by trypan blue exclusion and MTT reduction test and the mechanisms involved in EAT cell death were investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Investigation of S. umbellatum myelotoxicity was performed by clonogenic assay of colony forming unit- granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that S. umbellatum decreased the viability of EAT cells using both methods. Morphological analyses revealed that S. umbellatum-treatment induced EAT cell death by apoptotic pathway. We demonstrated the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration, increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatydylserine externalization, and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. However, S. umbellatum produced myelotoxicity in bone marrow cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In comparison to EAT cells, the effects of S. umbellatum in bone marrow cells were 8-fold lower. Taken together, our results showed that S. umbellatum induced apoptosis in EAT cells at several levels and seems more toxic to tumor cells than to normal bone marrow cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Shape/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Euphorbiaceae
- Flow Cytometry
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/drug effects
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphatidylserines/metabolism
- Plant Components, Aerial
- Plants, Medicinal
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Flavia da Mota
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia Celular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
288
|
Sears ME, Genuis SJ. Environmental determinants of chronic disease and medical approaches: recognition, avoidance, supportive therapy, and detoxification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:356798. [PMID: 22315626 PMCID: PMC3270432 DOI: 10.1155/2012/356798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization warns that chronic, noncommunicable diseases are rapidly becoming epidemic worldwide. Escalating rates of neurocognitive, metabolic, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases cannot be ascribed only to genetics, lifestyle, and nutrition; early life and ongoing exposures, and bioaccumulated toxicants may also cause chronic disease. Contributors to ill health are summarized from multiple perspectives--biological effects of classes of toxicants, mechanisms of toxicity, and a synthesis of toxic contributors to major diseases. Healthcare practitioners have wide-ranging roles in addressing environmental factors in policy and public health and clinical practice. Public health initiatives include risk recognition and chemical assessment then exposure reduction, remediation, monitoring, and avoidance. The complex web of disease and environmental contributors is amenable to some straightforward clinical approaches addressing multiple toxicants. Widely applicable strategies include nutrition and supplements to counter toxic effects and to support metabolism; as well as exercise and sweating, and possibly medication to enhance excretion. Addressing environmental health and contributors to chronic disease has broad implications for society, with large potential benefits from improved health and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Sears
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1.
| | | |
Collapse
|
289
|
Leme DM, Grummt T, Heinze R, Sehr A, Renz S, Reinel S, de Oliveira DP, Ferraz ERA, de Marchi MRR, Machado MC, Zocolo GJ, Marin-Morales MA. An overview of biodiesel soil pollution: data based on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 199-200:343-349. [PMID: 22152922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel production has received considerable attention in the recent past as a nonpolluting fuel. However, this assertion has been based on its biodegradability and reduction in exhaust emissions. Assessments of water and soil biodiesel pollution are still limited. Spill simulation with biodiesel and their diesel blends in soils were carried out, aiming at analyzing their cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials. While the cytotoxicity observed may be related to diesel contaminants, the genotoxic and mutagenic effects can be ascribed to biodiesel pollutants. Thus, taking into account that our data stressed harmful effects on organisms exposed to biodiesel-polluted soils, the designation of this biofuel as an environmental-friendly fuel should be carefully reviewed to assure environmental quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morais Leme
- Biology Department, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
290
|
Bussolaro D, Filipak Neto F, Glinski A, Roche H, Guiloski IC, Mela M, Silva de Assis HC, Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Bioaccumulation and related effects of PCBs and organochlorinated pesticides in freshwater fish Hypostomus commersoni. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:2154-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em10863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
291
|
Tort L. Stress and immune modulation in fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1366-75. [PMID: 21782845 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress is an event that most animals experience and that induces a number of responses involving all three regulatory systems, neural, endocrine and immune. When the stressor is acute and short-term, the response pattern is stimulatory and the fish immune response shows an activating phase that specially enhances innate responses. If the stressor is chronic the immune response shows suppressive effects and therefore the chances of an infection may be enhanced. In addition, coping with the stressor imposes an allostatic cost that may interfere with the needs of the immune response. In this paper the mechanisms behind these immunoregulatory changes are reviewed and the role of the main neuroendocrine mechanisms directly affecting the building of the immune response and their consequences are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Tort
- Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193-Cerdanyola, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Liu L, Yu X, Meng F, Guo X, Xu B. Identification and characterization of a novel corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRH-BP) gene from Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 78:161-175. [PMID: 22006535 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRH-BP) is an essential secreted glycoprotein for coordinating the neuroendocrine responses to stress by binding either CRHs or its related peptides. A novel CRH-BP gene AccCRH-BP from Apis cerana cerana was identified and characterized. Its genomic DNA was consisted of seven exons and six introns, and shared high similarity with the homologous members from other insects and vertebrates. Homologous and phylogenetic analysis indicated that AccCRH-BP was highly conserved, suggesting the maintenance of conservative structure might be necessary for its biological function. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that AccCRH-BP was highly expressed in pupa and adult, especially in the head of pupa. However, there was no expression in larval stage. Furthermore, the transcripts of AccCRH-BP in the brain of honeybees were induced by exposure to environmental stresses including UV-light, heat, and cold. The expression level of AccCRH-BP in workers or queens was significantly higher than that of drones. Additionally, analysis of 5'-flanking region of AccCRH-BP revealed a number of putative development and stress transcription factor-binding sites. These data suggest that AccCRH-BP may play important roles in the regulation of honeybee development, and in the central nervous system of the brain to regulate the neuroendocrine stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
293
|
Leme DM, Grummt T, Heinze R, Sehr A, Skerswetat M, de Marchi MRR, Machado MC, de Oliveira DP, Marin-Morales MA. Cytotoxicity of water-soluble fraction from biodiesel and its diesel blends to human cell lines. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2148-2155. [PMID: 21889212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The designation of biodiesel as a green fuel has increased its commercialization and use, making its fate in the environment a matter of concern. Fuel spills constitute a major source of aquatic pollution and, like diesel spills, biodiesel can produce adverse effects on aquatic environments, animals and humans. The present study assessed cytotoxic effects of water systems contaminated with neat biodiesel and its diesel blends by means of different procedures on human T cell leukemia (Jurkat) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells [detection of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE), apoptosis recognition by Annexin V and impedance real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence™ system)]. The data obtained showed concordance across the different bioassays, with cytotoxic effects observed as a dose-dependent response only for waters contaminated with pure diesel (D100) and B5 blend, which is characterized by a mixture of 95% diesel and 5% biodiesel. The data can also lead us to hypothesize that diesel accounts for the harmful effects observed, and that biodiesel does not worsen the impacts caused by diesel pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morais Leme
- Biology Department, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
294
|
Wang L, Wang H, Li J, Chen D, Liu Z. Simultaneous effects of lead and cadmium on primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells: interaction of apoptosis and oxidative stress. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 61:500-11. [PMID: 21287161 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on primary cultures of rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells were studied. These cells were either treated with Pb acetate (0.5 and 1 μM) alone, Cd acetate (2.5 and 5 μM) alone, or a combination of Pb and Cd acetate, and then joint cytotoxicity was evaluated. The results showed that the combination of these two metals decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells and lactate dehydrogenase release synergistically. Simultaneously, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and calcium levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular acidification, and inhibition of Na(+), K(+)-, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were shown during the exposure. In addition, apoptotic morphological changes induced by these treatments in rPT cells were demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining. The apoptosis was markedly prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, whereas necrosis was not affected. In summary, there was a synergistic cytototic effect of Pb combined with Cd on rPT cells. Cell death induced by Pb-Cd mixture was mediated by an apoptotic and a necrotic mechanism. Apoptotic death was the chief mechanism. Changes of intracellular events were intimately correlated with both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which promoted the development of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
295
|
Liu CM, Ma JQ, Sun YZ. Protective role of puerarin on lead-induced alterations of the hepatic glutathione antioxidant system and hyperlipidemia in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3119-27. [PMID: 22001170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of puerarin on hepatic oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in rats exposed to lead. Our data showed that puerarin significantly prevented lead-induced hepatotoxicity, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum aminotransferase levels) and histopathological analysis. Moreover, lead-induced profound elevation of ROS production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing of lipid peroxidation level, reducing of GPx, GST, GR and GCL activities and depleting of intracellular reduced GSH level in liver, were suppressed by treatment with puerarin. Furthermore, the increase of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL induced by lead was effectively suppressed by puerarin. The HDL level in the lead treatment rats was also increased by puerarin. Western blot analysis showed that puerarin remarkably inhibited hyperlipidemia by regulating the expression of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) in liver of lead treated rats. Altogether, these results suggest that puerarin could protect the lead-induced liver injury and hyperlipidemia by reducing ROS production, renewing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and influencing expression of hepatic lipid biosynthesis and metabolism genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Normal University, No. 101, Shanghai Road, Tangshan New Area, Xuzhou City 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
296
|
Hsp70 expression as biomarkers of oxidative stress: Mycotoxins’ exploration. Toxicology 2011; 287:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
297
|
Mieiro CL, Bervoets L, Joosen S, Blust R, Duarte AC, Pereira ME, Pacheco M. Metallothioneins failed to reflect mercury external levels of exposure and bioaccumulation in marine fish--considerations on tissue and species specific responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:114-21. [PMID: 21680008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of metallothioneins (MT) in fish as biomarker of exposure to mercury has been questioned. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between external levels of exposure, mercury accumulation and MT content, assessing species and tissue specificities. Two ecologically different fish species--Dicentrarchus labrax and Liza aurata--were surveyed in an estuary historically affected by mercury discharges. Total mercury (T-Hg) and MT content were determined in gills, blood, liver, kidney, muscle and brain. All tissues reflected differences in T-Hg accumulation in both species, although D. labrax accumulated higher levels. Regarding MT, D. labrax revealed a depletion in brain MT content and an incapacity to induce MT synthesis in all the other tissues, whereas L. aurata showed the ability to increase MT in liver and muscle. Tissue-specificities were exhibited in the MT inducing potential and in the susceptibility to MT decrease. L. aurata results presented muscle as the most responsive tissue. None of the investigated tissues displayed significant correlations between T-Hg and MT levels. Overall, the applicability of MT content in fish tissues as biomarker of exposure to mercury was uncertain, reporting limitations in reflecting the metal exposure levels and the subsequent accumulation extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Mieiro
- CESAM and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
298
|
Pytharopoulou S, Grintzalis K, Sazakli E, Leotsinidis M, Georgiou CD, Kalpaxis DL. Translational responses and oxidative stress of mussels experimentally exposed to Hg, Cu and Cd: one pattern does not fit at all. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 105:157-165. [PMID: 21718659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Certain metals, like Hg, Cu and Cd, are capable of down-regulating protein synthesis in several marine organisms, including Mytilus galloprovincialis. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the environmental stress, it is difficult to evaluate the influence of individual metals on protein synthesis via field studies. To bypass this difficulty, experimental studies were carried out on M. galloprovincialis exposed in aquarium for 15 days to one of three selected metal salts, HgCl(2), CuCl(2) and CdCl(2). Polysome profile was determined in digestive gland extracts of the exposed mussels as a way of measuring the functional status of ribosomes, superoxide radical production and lipid peroxidation as indicators of oxidative stress, metallothionein content as a metal detoxification index, and superoxide dismutase activity as a free radicals-scavenging index. Exposure of mussels to Hg(2+) or Cu(2+) resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the polysome content of digestive gland cells, which at 15th day of exposure and at the highest metal concentrations tested, was 32% and 19% of the control, respectively. Both metals, at the concentrations used (<40 μg/L), did not significantly influence the oxidative stress biomarkers. By contrast, Cd(2+) treatment significantly induced superoxide radical production and lipid peroxidation in digestive gland cells, hinting that mussels suffered from oxidative stress. Polysome levels in Cd(2+)-exposed mussels were initially decreased by day 5 in digestive gland cells and then elevated to reach nearly the control levels by 15 days of exposure. Elevated protein synthesis was associated with significantly increased production of metallothioneins, whereas such increase was not recorded in Hg(2+)- or Cu(2+)-exposed mussels. Interestingly, the ribosome efficiency at initiating protein synthesis followed a similar pattern of polysome alterations, a fact suggesting that regulation of protein synthesis mainly occurred at the initiation phase of translation. Overall, these results suggest that the effect of each metal on protein synthesis is idiosyncratic and depends on its ability to induce specific cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pytharopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
299
|
Yu X, Wang M, Kang M, Liu L, Guo X, Xu B. Molecular cloning and characterization of two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β subunit genes from Apis cerana cerana. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 77:163-178. [PMID: 21618599 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast cholinergic synaptic transmission in the insect nervous system and are important targets for insecticides. In this study, we identified and characterized two novel β subunit genes (Accβ1 and Accβ2) from Apis cerana cerana. Homology analysis indicated that Accβ1 and Accβ2 possess characteristics that are typical of nAChR subunits although Accβ2 was distinct from Accβ1 and the other nAChR subunits, due to its unusual transmembrane structure and uncommon exon-intron boundary within the genomic region encoding the TM1 transmembrane domain. Analysis of the 5' flanking regions indicated that Accβ1 and Accβ2 possess different regulatory elements, suggesting that the genes might exhibit various expression and regulatory patterns. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Accβ2 was expressed at a much higher level than Accβ1 in the tissues of adult bees. During development, Accβ1 was highly expressed at the pupal stages, whereas Accβ2 was abundantly expressed at the larval stages. Furthermore, Accβ1 and Accβ2 were both induced by exposure to various insecticides and environmental stresses although Accβ2 was more responsive than Accβ1. These results indicate that Accβ1 and Accβ2 may have distinct roles in insect growth and development and that they may belong to separate regulatory pathways involved in the response to insecticides and environmental stresses. This report is the first description of the differences between the nAChR β subunit genes in the Chinese honey bee and establishes an initial foundation for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
300
|
Marques SM, Antunes SC, Nunes B, Gonçalves F, Pereira R. Antioxidant response and metal accumulation in tissues of Iberian green frogs (Pelophylax perezi) inhabiting a deactivated uranium mine. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:1315-1327. [PMID: 21516444 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human mining activities tend often to generate greatly impacted areas which remain contaminated for long periods of time, giving rise to extreme habitats. Mining sites are usually characterized for the production of metal rich effluents with very low pH. In this work we analyzed physical and chemical parameters of water from a deactivated uranium mine pond (M) and a reference site (REF) as well as their metal content. Furthermore, we determined and compared metal accumulation in liver, kidney, bones, muscle and skin of Pelophylax perezi from REF with P. perezi from M. We also determined the enzymatic activities of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (Gred), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx; both selenium-dependent and selenium-independent) in liver, kidney, lung and heart. Additionally, lipoperoxidation (LPO) was also assessed in the same tissues via thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined in muscle. Our results revealed that the majority of metals were in higher concentrations in tissues of organisms from M. This trend was especially evident for U whose content reached a difference of 1350 fold between REF and M organisms. None of the organs tested for antioxidant defenses revealed LPO, nonetheless, with exception for liver, all organs from the M frogs presented increased total GPx activity and selenium-dependent GPx. However, this response was significant only for the lung, probably as a consequence of the significant inhibition of CAT upstream and to cope with the subsequent increase in H(2)O(2). Lungs were the organs displaying greater responsiveness of the anti-oxidant stress system in frogs from the uranium mine area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio M Marques
- CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar) & Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|