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Dinkel H, Michael S, Weatheritt RJ, Davey NE, Van Roey K, Altenberg B, Toedt G, Uyar B, Seiler M, Budd A, Jödicke L, Dammert MA, Schroeter C, Hammer M, Schmidt T, Jehl P, McGuigan C, Dymecka M, Chica C, Luck K, Via A, Chatr-aryamontri A, Haslam N, Grebnev G, Edwards RJ, Steinmetz MO, Meiselbach H, Diella F, Gibson TJ. ELM--the database of eukaryotic linear motifs. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:D242-51. [PMID: 22110040 PMCID: PMC3245074 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear motifs are short, evolutionarily plastic components of regulatory proteins and provide low-affinity interaction interfaces. These compact modules play central roles in mediating every aspect of the regulatory functionality of the cell. They are particularly prominent in mediating cell signaling, controlling protein turnover and directing protein localization. Given their importance, our understanding of motifs is surprisingly limited, largely as a result of the difficulty of discovery, both experimentally and computationally. The Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) resource at http://elm.eu.org provides the biological community with a comprehensive database of known experimentally validated motifs, and an exploratory tool to discover putative linear motifs in user-submitted protein sequences. The current update of the ELM database comprises 1800 annotated motif instances representing 170 distinct functional classes, including approximately 500 novel instances and 24 novel classes. Several older motif class entries have been also revisited, improving annotation and adding novel instances. Furthermore, addition of full-text search capabilities, an enhanced interface and simplified batch download has improved the overall accessibility of the ELM data. The motif discovery portion of the ELM resource has added conservation, and structural attributes have been incorporated to aid users to discriminate biologically relevant motifs from stochastically occurring non-functional instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Dinkel
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sushama Michael
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert J. Weatheritt
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman E. Davey
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kim Van Roey
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altenberg
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grischa Toedt
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bora Uyar
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Seiler
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aidan Budd
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Jödicke
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Dammert
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schroeter
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Hammer
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Jehl
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline McGuigan
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Dymecka
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Chica
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Luck
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allegra Via
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Chatr-aryamontri
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niall Haslam
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gleb Grebnev
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard J. Edwards
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel O. Steinmetz
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Diella
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toby J. Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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