251
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Rui W, Guan L, Zhang F, Zhang W, Ding W. PM2.5-induced oxidative stress increases adhesion molecules expression in human endothelial cells through the ERK/AKT/NF-κB-dependent pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:48-59. [PMID: 25876056 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the intracellular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular toxicity of air particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in a human umbilical vein cell line, EA.hy926. We found that PM2.5 exposure triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability. Data from Western blots showed that PM2.5 induced phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal regulatory kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT), and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). We further observed a significant increase in expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells to EA.hy926 cells was greatly enhanced in the presence of PM2.5 . However, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of ROS, prevented the increase of ROS generation, attenuated the phosphorylation of the above kinases, and decreased the NF-κB activation as well as the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Furthermore, ERK inhibitor (U0126), AKT inhibitor (LY294002) and NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) significantly down-regulated PM2.5 -induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression as well as adhesion of THP-1 cells, but not JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), indicating that ERK/AKT/NF-κB is involved in the signaling pathway that leads to PM2.5 -induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. These findings suggest PM2.5 -induced ROS may function as signaling molecules triggering ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions through activating the ERK/AKT/NF-κB-dependent pathway, and further promoting monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rui
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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252
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Diallyl trisulfide inhibits naphthalene-induced oxidative injury and the production of inflammatory responses in A549 cells and mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:326-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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253
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Wang XY, Fan XS, Cai L, Liu S, Cong XF, Chen X. Lysophosphatidic acid rescues bone mesenchymal stem cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 2015; 20:273-84. [PMID: 25633408 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increase of reactive oxygen species in infracted heart significantly reduces the survival of donor mesenchymal stem cells, thereby attenuating the therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction. In our previous study, we demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) protects bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. However, whether LPA protects BMSCs from H2O2-induced apoptosis was not examined. In this study, we report that H2O2 induces rat BMSC apoptosis whereas LPA pre-treatment effectively protects BMSCs from H2O2-induced apoptosis. LPA protection of BMSC from the induced apoptosis is mediated mostly through LPA3 receptor. Furthermore, we found that membrane G protein Gi2 and Gi3 are involved in LPA-elicited anti-apoptotic effects through activation of ERK1/2- and PI3 K-pathways. Additionally, H2O2 increases levels of type II of light chain 3B (LC3B II), an autophagy marker, and H2O2-induced autophagy thus protected BMSCs from apoptosis. LPA further increases the expression of LC3B II in the presence of H2O2. In contrast, autophagy flux inhibitor bafilomycin A1 has no effect on LPA's protection of BMSC from H2O2-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that LPA rescues H2O2-induced apoptosis mainly by interacting with Gi-coupled LPA3, resulting activation of the ERK1/2- and PI3 K/AKT-pathways and inhibition caspase-3 cleavage, and LPA protection of BMSCs against the apoptosis is independent of it induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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254
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Wang LS, Hu Y, Li CL, Li Y, Wei YR, Yin ZF, Du YK, Min Z, Weng D, Chen JM, Li HP. N-acetylcysteine attenuates cigaret smoke-induced pulmonary exacerbation in a mouse model of emphysema. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:802-9. [PMID: 26572172 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lin Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Fang Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Kui Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Min
- Department of Physics and Chemistry Lab, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Weng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Min Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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255
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Ni L, Chuang CC, Zuo L. Fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of COPD. Front Physiol 2015; 6:294. [PMID: 26557095 PMCID: PMC4617054 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common airway disorder. In particular, acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can significantly reduce pulmonary function. The majority of AECOPD episodes are attributed to infections, although environmental stress also plays a role. Increasing urbanization and associated air pollution, especially in developing countries, have been shown to contribute to COPD pathogenesis. Elevated levels of particulate matter (PM) in polluted air are strongly correlated with the onset and development of various respiratory diseases. In this review, we have conducted an extensive literature search of recent studies of the role of PM2.5 (fine PM) in AECOPD. PM2.5 leads to AECOPD via inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), immune dysfunction, and altered airway epithelial structure and microbiome. Reducing PM2.5 levels is a viable approach to lower AECOPD incidence, attenuate COPD progression and decrease the associated healthcare burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ni
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Pudong Meteorological Service Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA ; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA ; Interdisciplinary Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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256
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Jin XT, Chen ML, Li RJ, An Q, Song L, Zhao Y, Xiao H, Cheng L, Li ZY. Progression and inflammation of human myeloid leukemia induced by ambient PM2.5 exposure. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1929-38. [PMID: 26486797 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) has been a dominating and ubiquitous air pollutant and has become a global concern. Emerging evidences suggest a positive correlation between PM2.5 and leukemia, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear and need to be elucidated. Here, we assessed the impacts of PM2.5 on the progression and inflammation of human myeloid leukemia at lower environmental doses and explored the possible pathway. We showed that PM2.5 exposure significantly induced the leukemia cell growth and enhanced the release of inflammatory mediators in both in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally, NF-κB p65 and p-STAT3 were activated in PM2.5-treated leukemia cells, with a concomitant increase in both ROS formation and NADPH oxidase expressions. Strikingly, the supplement of inhibitors, including NAC (ROS), PDTC (NF-κB), or WP1066 (STAT3), contributed to a decline in leukemia cell growth. Furthermore, enhanced expressions of inflammatory cytokines were attenuated by the addition of NAC or PDTC, but not affected by WP1066. This study demonstrates that PM2.5 promotes leukemia progression, identifies a potential intervention target, and provides further understanding of the detrimental effect of PM2.5 exposure on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Jin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei-Lan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui-Jin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Quan An
- China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Song
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Biology Institute of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zhuo-Yu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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257
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Roper C, Chubb LG, Cambal L, Tunno B, Clougherty JE, Mischler SE. Characterization of ambient and extracted PM2.5 collected on filters for toxicology applications. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:673-81. [PMID: 26446919 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1092185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Research on the health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) frequently disregards the differences in particle composition between that measured on an ambient filter versus that measured in the corresponding extraction solution used for toxicological testing. This study presents a novel method for characterizing the differences, in metallic and organic species, between the ambient samples and the corresponding extracted solutions through characterization of extracted PM2.5 suspended on filters. Removal efficiency was found to be 98.0 ± 1.4% when measured using pre- and post-removal filter weights, however, this efficiency was significantly reduced to 80.2 ± 0.8% when measured based on particle mass in the extraction solution. Furthermore, only 47.2 ± 22.3% of metals and 24.8 ± 14.5% of organics measured on the ambient filter were found in the extraction solution. Individual metallic and organic components were extracted with varying efficiency, with many organics being lost entirely during extraction. Finally, extraction efficiencies of specific PM2.5 components were inversely correlated with total mass. This study details a method to assess compositional alterations resulting from extraction of PM2.5 from filters, emphasizing the need for standardized procedures that maintain compositional integrity of ambient samples for use in toxicology studies of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Roper
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and
| | - Lauren G Chubb
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and
| | - Leah Cambal
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and
| | - Brett Tunno
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and
| | - Jane E Clougherty
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and
| | - Steven E Mischler
- a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh , PA , USA and.,b National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of Mine Safety and Health Research , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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258
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Shi Y, Ji Y, Sun H, Hui F, Hu J, Wu Y, Fang J, Lin H, Wang J, Duan H, Lanza M. Nanoscale characterization of PM2.5 airborne pollutants reveals high adhesiveness and aggregation capability of soot particles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11232. [PMID: 26177695 PMCID: PMC4503936 DOI: 10.1038/srep11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012 air pollutants were responsible of seven million human death worldwide, and among them particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) are the most hazardous because they are small enough to invade even the smallest airways and penetrate to the lungs. During the last decade the size, shape, composition, sources and effect of these particles on human health have been studied. However, the noxiousness of these particles not only relies on their chemical toxicity, but particle morphology and mechanical properties affect their thermodynamic behavior, which has notable impact on their biological activity. Therefore, correlating the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of PM2.5 airborne pollutants should be the first step to characterize their interaction with other bodies but, unfortunately, such analysis has never been reported before. In this work, we present the first nanomechanical characterization of the most abundant and universal groups of PM2.5 airborne pollutants and, by means of atomic force microscope (AFM) combined with other characterization tools, we observe that fluffy soot aggregates are the most sticky and unstable. Our experiments demonstrate that such particles show strong adhesiveness and aggregation, leading to a more diverse composition and compiling all possible toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano &Soft Materials, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yanfeng Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano &Soft Materials, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hui Sun
- 1] State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fei Hui
- Institute of Functional Nano &Soft Materials, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jianchen Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano &Soft Materials, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yaxi Wu
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety. 7 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021 China
| | - Jianlong Fang
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety. 7 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021 China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huiling Duan
- 1] State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mario Lanza
- Institute of Functional Nano &Soft Materials, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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259
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Liu F, Huang Y, Zhang F, Chen Q, Wu B, Rui W, Zheng JC, Ding W. Macrophages treated with particulate matter PM2.5 induce selective neurotoxicity through glutaminase-mediated glutamate generation. J Neurochem 2015; 134:315-26. [PMID: 25913161 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) has been epidemiologically associated with respiratory illnesses. However, recent data have suggested that PM2.5 is able to infiltrate into circulation and elicit a systemic inflammatory response. Potential adverse effects of air pollutants to the central nervous system (CNS) have raised concerns, but whether PM2.5 causes neurotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated that PM2.5 impairs the tight junction of endothelial cells and increases permeability and monocyte transmigration across endothelial monolayer in vitro, indicating that PM2.5 is able to disrupt blood-brain barrier integrity and gain access to the CNS. Exposure of primary neuronal cultures to PM2.5 resulted in decrease in cell viability and loss of neuronal antigens. Furthermore, supernatants collected from PM2.5 -treated macrophages and microglia were also neurotoxic. These macrophages and microglia significantly increased extracellular levels of glutamate following PM2.5 exposure, which were negatively correlated with neuronal viability. Pre-treatment with NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 alleviated neuron loss, suggesting that PM2.5 neurotoxicity is mediated by glutamate. To determine the potential source of excess glutamate production, we investigated glutaminase, the main enzyme for glutamate generation. Glutaminase was reduced in PM2.5 -treated macrophages and increased in extracellular vesicles, suggesting that PM2.5 induces glutaminase release through extracellular vesicles. In conclusion, these findings indicate PM2.5 as a potential neurotoxic factor, crucial to understanding the effects of air pollution on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Beiqing Wu
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Wei Rui
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Regenerative Therapy, Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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260
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Characterization and Cytotoxicity of PM<0.2, PM0.2-2.5 and PM2.5-10 around MSWI in Shanghai, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5076-89. [PMID: 25985309 PMCID: PMC4454955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential impact of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), which is an anthropogenic source of aerosol emissions, is of great public health concern. This study investigated the characterization and cytotoxic effects of ambient ultrafine particles (PM<0.2), fine particles (PM0.2-2.5) and coarse particles (PM2.5-10) collected around a municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant in the Pudong district of Shanghai. METHODS Mass concentrations of trace elements in particulate matter (PM) samples were determined using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). The cytotoxicity of sampled atmospheric PM was evaluated by cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in A549 cells. RESULT The mass percentage of PM0.2-2.5 accounted for 72.91% of the total mass of PM. Crustal metals (Mg, Al, and Ti) were abundant in the coarse particles, while the anthropogenic elements (V, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were dominant in the fine particles. The enrichment factors of Zn, Cd and Pb in the fine and ultrafine particles were extremely high (>100). The cytotoxicity of the size-resolved particles was in the order of coarse particles < fine particles < ultrafine particles. CONCLUSIONS Fine particles dominated the MSWI ambient particles. Emissions from the MSWI could bring contamination of anthropogenic elements (Zn, Cd and Pb) into ambient environment. The PM around the MSWI plant displayed an additive toxic effect, and the ultrafine and fine particles possessed higher biological toxicity than the coarse particles.
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261
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Heo N, Baek A, Baek YM, Byeon S, Choi KC, Kim JY, Kwon JH, Kim DE. Glucocorticoid Enhances Viability of Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells Inflicted by Ambient Particulate Matter. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Heo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Ahruem Baek
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Yu Mi Baek
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Sunjoo Byeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Dong-A University; Busan 604-714 Korea
| | - Kum Chan Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Dong-A University; Busan 604-714 Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngolgy-Head and Neck Surgery; Kosin University College of Medicine; Busan 602-702 Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngolgy-Head and Neck Surgery; Kosin University College of Medicine; Busan 602-702 Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul 143-701 Korea
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262
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Deng X, Zhang F, Wang L, Rui W, Long F, Zhao Y, Chen D, Ding W. Airborne fine particulate matter induces multiple cell death pathways in human lung epithelial cells. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1099-112. [PMID: 24722831 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our group was the first one reporting that autophagy could be triggered by airborne fine particulate matter (PM) with a mean diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in human lung epithelial A549 cells, which could potentially lead to cell death. In the present study, we further explored the potential interactions between autophagy and apoptosis because it was well documented that PM2.5 could induce apoptosis in A549 cells. Much to our surprise, we found that PM2.5-exposure caused oxidative stress, resulting in activation of multiple cell death pathways in A549 cells, that is, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced pathway as evidenced by TNF-α secretion and activation of caspase-8 and -3, the intrinsic apoptosis pathway as evidenced by increased expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, decreased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspase-9 and -3, and autophagy as evidenced by an increased number of double-membrane vesicles, accompanied by increases of conversion and punctuation of microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) and expression of Beclin 1. It appears that reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules for all the three pathways because pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, a scavenger of ROS, almost completely abolished TNF-α secretion and significantly reduced the number of apoptotic and autophagic cells. In another aspect, inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine, a specific autophagy inhibitor, enhanced PM2.5-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Intriguingly, neutralization of TNF-α with an anti-TNF-α special antibody not only abolished activation of caspase-8, but also drastically reduced LC3-II conversion. Thus, the present study has provided novel insights into the mechanism of cytotoxicity and even pathogenesis of diseases associated with PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Deng
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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263
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Ping J. Influence of Hazy Weather on Patient Presentation with Respiratory Diseases in Beijing, China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:607-11. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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264
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Numan MS, Brown JP, Michou L. Impact of air pollutants on oxidative stress in common autophagy-mediated aging diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2289-305. [PMID: 25690002 PMCID: PMC4344726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress is probably one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in most of the common autophagy-mediated aging diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's, disease, as well as Paget's disease of bone with or without frontotemporal dementia and inclusion body myopathy. Oxidative stress has serious damaging effects on the cellular contents: DNA, RNA, cellular proteins, and cellular organelles. Autophagy has a pivotal role in recycling these damaged non-functional organelles and misfolded or unfolded proteins. In this paper, we highlight, through a narrative review of the literature, that when autophagy processes are impaired during aging, in presence of cumulative air pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress and due to a direct effect on air pollutant, autophagy-mediated aging diseases may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saber Numan
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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265
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Yoshizaki K, Brito JM, Moriya HT, Toledo AC, Ferzilan S, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP, Machado ID, Farsky SHP, Silva LFF, Martins MA, Saldiva PHN, Mauad T, Macchione M. Chronic exposure of diesel exhaust particles induces alveolar enlargement in mice. Respir Res 2015; 16:18. [PMID: 25848680 PMCID: PMC4345004 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are deposited into the respiratory tract and are thought to be a risk factor for the development of diseases of the respiratory system. In healthy individuals, the timing and mechanisms of respiratory tract injuries caused by chronic exposure to air pollution remain to be clarified. Methods We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to DEP at doses below those found in a typical bus corridor in Sao Paulo (150 μg/m3). Male BALB/c mice were divided into mice receiving a nasal instillation: saline (saline; n = 30) and 30 μg/10 μL of DEP (DEP; n = 30). Nasal instillations were performed five days a week, over a period of 90 days. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-13 and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) were determined by ELISA-immunoassay. Assessment of respiratory mechanics was performed. The gene expression of Muc5ac in lung was evaluated by RT-PCR. The presence of IL-13, MAC2+ macrophages, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells in tissues was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Bronchial thickness and the collagen/elastic fibers density were evaluated by morphometry. We measured the mean linear intercept (Lm), a measure of alveolar distension, and the mean airspace diameter (D0) and statistical distribution (D2). Results DEP decreased IFN-γ levels in BAL (p = 0.03), but did not significantly alter IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 levels. MAC2+ macrophage, CD4+ T cell and CD20+ B cell numbers were not altered; however, numbers of CD3+ T cells (p ≤ 0.001) and CD8+ T cells (p ≤ 0.001) increased in the parenchyma. Although IL-13 (p = 0.008) expression decreased in the bronchiolar epithelium, Muc5ac gene expression was not altered in the lung of DEP-exposed animals. Although respiratory mechanics, elastic and collagen density were not modified, the mean linear intercept (Lm) was increased in the DEP-exposed animals (p ≤ 0.001), and the index D2 was statistically different (p = 0.038) from the control animals. Conclusion Our data suggest that nasal instillation of low doses of DEP over a period of 90 days results in alveolar enlargement in the pulmonary parenchyma of healthy mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0172-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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266
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Yin J, Duan J, Cui Z, Ren W, Li T, Yin Y. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress activates NF-κB and Nrf2/Keap1 signals and triggers autophagy in piglets. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
H2O2 induces autophagy and activates NF-κB and Nrf2/Keap1 signals in a piglet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
| | - Jielin Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
| | - Zhijie Cui
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central
- Ministry of Agriculture
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture
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267
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Yang R, Zhao Y, Yu X, Lin Z, Xi Z, Rui Q, Wang D. Insulin signaling regulates the toxicity of traffic-related PM2.5 on intestinal development and function in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling pathway may act as an important molecular basis for the toxicity of traffic-related PM2.5 in Caenorhabditis elegans, a non-mammalian toxicological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Yang
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zhiqing Lin
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environmental & Food Safety
- Tianjin 300050
- China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environmental & Food Safety
- Tianjin 300050
- China
| | - Qi Rui
- College of Life Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education
- Medical School of Southeast University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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268
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Huang Q, Zhang J, Luo L, Wang X, Wang X, Alamdar A, Peng S, Liu L, Tian M, Shen H. Metabolomics reveals disturbed metabolic pathways in human lung epithelial cells exposed to airborne fine particulate matter. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Airborne PM2.5 exposure disturbs citrate cycle, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, and glutathione metabolism in A549 cells.
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269
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Zhang SM, Shang ZF, Zhou PK. Autophagy as the effector and player in DNA damage response of cells to genotoxicants. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview and discuss the molecular mechanism of DNA damage induced autophagy, and their mutual regulation and its role in cell fate determination in response to genotoxic effects of environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB)
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection
- Medical College of Soochow University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB)
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Beijing
- China
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270
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Fan T, Fang SC, Cavallari JM, Barnett IJ, Wang Z, Su L, Byun HM, Lin X, Baccarelli AA, Christiani DC. Heart rate variability and DNA methylation levels are altered after short-term metal fume exposure among occupational welders: a repeated-measures panel study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1279. [PMID: 25512264 PMCID: PMC4302115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In occupational settings, boilermakers are exposed to high levels of metallic fine particulate matter (PM2.5) generated during the welding process. The effect of welding PM2.5 on heart rate variability (HRV) has been described, but the relationship between PM2.5, DNA methylation, and HRV is not known. Methods In this repeated-measures panel study, we recorded resting HRV and measured DNA methylation levels in transposable elements Alu and long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) in peripheral blood leukocytes under ambient conditions (pre-shift) and right after a welding task (post-shift) among 66 welders. We also monitored personal PM2.5 level in the ambient environment and during the welding procedure. Results The concentration of welding PM2.5 was significantly higher than background levels in the union hall (0.43 mg/m3 vs. 0.11 mg/m3, p < 0.0001). The natural log of transformed power in the high frequency range (ln HF) had a significantly negative association with PM2.5 exposure (β = -0.76, p = 0.035). pNN10 and pNN20 also had a negative association with PM2.5 exposure (β = -0.16%, p = 0.006 and β = -0.13%, p = 0.030, respectively). PM2.5 was positively associated with LINE-1 methylation [β = 0.79%, 5-methylcytosince (%mC), p = 0.013]; adjusted for covariates. LINE-1 methylation did not show an independent association with HRV. Conclusions Acute decline of HRV was observed following exposure to welding PM2.5 and evidence for an epigenetic response of transposable elements to short-term exposure to high-level metal-rich particulates was reported. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1279) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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271
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Duan Y, Ke J, Zhang H, He Y, Sun G, Sun X. Autophagic cell death of human hepatoma G2 cells mediated by procyanidins from Castanea mollissima Bl. Shell-induced reactive oxygen species generation. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 224:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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272
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Møller P, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG, Jantzen K, Roursgaard M, Klingberg H, Jensen DM, Christophersen DV, Hemmingsen JG, Cao Y, Loft S. Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 762:133-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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273
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Han JW, Gurunathan S, Jeong JK, Choi YJ, Kwon DN, Park JK, Kim JH. Oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:459. [PMID: 25242904 PMCID: PMC4167841 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of biologically prepared small size of silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells A549. Herein, we describe a facile method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by treating the supernatant from a culture of Escherichia coli with silver nitrate. The formation of silver nanoparticles was characterized using various analytical techniques. The results from UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis show a characteristic strong resonance centered at 420 nm and a single crystalline nature, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the possible bio-molecules responsible for the reduction of silver from silver nitrate into nanoparticles. The particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy results suggest that silver nanoparticles are spherical in shape with an average diameter of 15 nm. The results derived from in vitro studies showed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability when A549 cells were exposed to silver nanoparticles. This decrease in cell viability corresponded to increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), increased intracellular reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), and decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP). Furthermore, uptake and intracellular localization of silver nanoparticles were observed and were accompanied by accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in A549 cells. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles play a significant role in apoptosis. Interestingly, biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles showed more potent cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested compared to that shown by chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles. Therefore, our results demonstrated that human lung epithelial A549 cells could provide a valuable model to assess the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
- GS Institute of Bio and Nanotechnology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641024, India
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Suwon 441-350, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangin-gu Seoul 143-701, Korea
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274
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Direct and indirect air particle cytotoxicity in human alveolar epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:796-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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275
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Lin Z, Liu T, Kamp DW, Wang Y, He H, Zhou X, Li D, Yang L, Zhao B, Liu G. AKT/mTOR and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways are required for chrysotile asbestos-induced autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:296-307. [PMID: 24735948 PMCID: PMC4075764 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chrysotile asbestos is closely associated with excess mortality from pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Although multiple mechanisms in which chrysotile asbestos fibers induce pulmonary disease have been identified, the role of autophagy in human lung epithelial cells has not been examined. In this study, we evaluated whether chrysotile asbestos induces autophagy in A549 human lung epithelial cells and then analyzed the possible underlying molecular mechanism. Chrysotile asbestos induced autophagy in A549 cells based on a series of biochemical and microscopic autophagy markers. We observed that asbestos increased expression of A549 cell microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II), an autophagy marker, in conjunction with dephosphorylation of phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-p70S6K. Notably, AKT1/AKT2 double-knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) had negligible asbestos-induced LC3-II expression, supporting a crucial role for AKT signaling. Chrysotile asbestos also led to the phosphorylation/activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. Pharmacologic inhibition of JNK, but not p38 MAPK, dramatically inhibited the protein expression of LC3-II. Moreover, JNK2(-/-) MEFs but not JNK1(-/-) MEFs blocked LC3-II levels induced by chrysotile asbestos. In addition, N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, attenuated chrysotile asbestos-induced dephosphorylation of P-AKT and completely abolished phosphorylation/activation of JNK. Finally, we demonstrated that chrysotile asbestos-induced apoptosis was not affected by the presence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or autophagy-related gene 5 siRNA, indicating that the chrysotile asbestos-induced autophagy may be adaptive rather than prosurvival. Our findings demonstrate that AKT/mTOR and JNK2 signaling pathways are required for chrysotile asbestos-induced autophagy. These data provide a mechanistic basis for possible future clinical applications targeting these signaling pathways in the management of asbestos-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lin
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi׳an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an 710004, Shanxi, China
| | - David W Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Yahong Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Huijuan He
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Donghong Li
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lawei Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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276
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Mariga AM, Pei F, Yang WJ, Zhao LY, Shao YN, Mugambi DK, Hu QH. Immunopotentiation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:604-614. [PMID: 24650999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel has been collected from the wild, cultivated and used in traditional medicines to treat various disorders and diseases since antiquity. In traditional Chinese medicine, the powdered fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii were used for immunostimulation, skin-care, wound-healing, cancer and lumbago treatment. In the current study, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of Pleurotus eryngii powder on A549, BGC-823, HepG2 and HGC-27 cancer cells and its immunomodulating activity on macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells based on its active compound. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel bioactive protein (PEP) was extracted from Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies powder and purified on DEAE-52, CM-52 and Superdex 75 column chromatographies using an ÄKTA purifier. Its cytotoxicity on A549, BGC-823, HepG2, HGC-27 and RAW 267.4 cell lines was then evaluated using MTT, alamar blue (AB), trypan blue (TB), neutral red (NR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Annexin V FITC/PI and morphological change assays. Moreover, lysosomal enzyme activity, pinocytosis, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production assays were used to examine immunomostimulatory activity of PEP on RAW 267.4 cells. RESULTS Based on high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, the isolated protein (PEP) had a molecular weight of 63 kDa, a secondary (α-helical) structure and was mainly composed of arginine, serine and glycine. PEP significantly (P<0.05) inhibited A549, BGC-823, HepG2 and HGC-27 tumor cells proliferation dose-dependently with an IC₅₀ range of 36.5 ± 0.84 to 229.0 ± 1.24 µg/ml. Contrarily, PEP stimulated the proliferation of macrophages. CONCLUSION Pleurotus eryngii fruiting bodies powder has a potential application as a natural antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity, proposedly, by targeting the lysosomes of cancerous cells and stimulating macrophage-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Mugambi Mariga
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology, Egerton University, Egerton 536, Kenya
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wen-jian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, No. 3 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Li-yan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ya-ni Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Dorothy Kemuma Mugambi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Qiu-hui Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Addition of PM 2.5 into the national ambient air quality standards of China and the contribution to air pollution control: the case study of Wuhan, China. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:768405. [PMID: 24982994 PMCID: PMC3997137 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 has gradually become a major environmental problem of China with its rapid economic development, urbanization, and increasing of motor vehicles. Findings and awareness of serious PM2.5 pollution make the PM2.5 a new criterion pollutant of the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) revised in 2012. The 2012 NAAQS sets the PM2.5 concentrate limitation with the 24-hour average value and the annual mean value. Wuhan is quite typical among central and southern China in climate, economy, development level, and energy consumption. The data are cited from the official website of Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau and cover the period from 1 January to 30 June 2013. The data definitely confirm the existence of serious PM2.5 pollution in Wuhan and indicate that the addition of PM2.5 as a criterion pollutant significantly brings down the attainment rate of air quality. The example of Wuhan reveals that local governments should take measures to reduce the emission of PM2.5 if it affects the attainment rate and the performance evaluation value of air quality. The main contribution of 2012 NAAQS is that it brings down the attainment rate of the air quality and forces local governmental officials to take the measures accordingly.
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278
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Wang J, Deng X, Zhang F, Chen D, Ding W. ZnO nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress triggers apoptosis by activating JNK signaling pathway in cultured primary astrocytes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:117. [PMID: 24624962 PMCID: PMC3995614 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been documented in in vitro studies that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are capable of inducing oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in ZnO NP-mediated apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of apoptosis in neurocytes induced by ZnO NP exposure was not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of apoptosis provoked by ZnO NPs in cultured primary astrocytes by exploring the molecular signaling pathways triggered after ZnO NP exposure. ZnO NP exposure was found to reduce cell viability in MTT assays, increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, stimulate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and elicit caspase-3 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis occurred after ZnO NP exposure as evidenced by nuclear condensation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) cleavage. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with a concomitant increase in the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio suggested that the mitochondria also mediated the pathway involved in ZnO NP-induced apoptosis. In addition, exposure of the cultured cells to ZnO NPs led to phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Moreover, JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly reduced ZnO NP-induced cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 expression, but not ERK inhibitor (U0126) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), indicating that JNK signaling pathway is involved in ZnO NP-induced apoptosis in primary astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deliang Chen
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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279
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Malaviya R, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Oxidative stress-induced autophagy: role in pulmonary toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 275:145-51. [PMID: 24398106 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process important in regulating the turnover of essential proteins and in elimination of damaged organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy is observed in the lung in response to oxidative stress generated as a consequence of exposure to environmental toxicants. Whether autophagy plays role in promoting cell survival or cytotoxicity is unclear. In this article recent findings on oxidative stress-induced autophagy in the lung are reviewed; potential mechanisms initiating autophagy are also discussed. A better understanding of autophagy and its role in pulmonary toxicity may lead to the development of new strategies to treat lung injury associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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280
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Blount RJ, Djawe K, Daly KR, Jarlsberg LG, Fong S, Balmes J, Miller RF, Walzer PD, Huang L. Ambient air pollution associated with suppressed serologic responses to Pneumocystis jirovecii in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80795. [PMID: 24236202 PMCID: PMC3827464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution (AAP) may be associated with increased risk for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). The mechanisms underlying this association remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES To determine if real-life exposures to AAP are associated with suppressed IgM antibody responses to P. jirovecii in HIV-infected (HIV+) patients with active PCP, and to determine if AAP, mediated by suppressed serologic responses to Pneumocystis, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in HIV+ patients residing in San Francisco and admitted to San Francisco General Hospital with microscopically confirmed PCP. Our AAP predictors were ambient air concentrations of particulate matter of < 10 µm in diameter (PM10) and < 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) measured immediately prior to hospital admission and 2 weeks prior to admission. Our primary outcomes were the IgM serologic responses to four recombinant P. jirovecii major surface glycoprotein (Msg) constructs: MsgC1, MsgC3, MsgC8, and MsgC9. RESULTS Elevated PM10 and NO2 exposures immediately prior to and two weeks prior to hospital admission were associated with decreased IgM antibody responses to P. jirovecii Msg. For exposures immediately prior to admission, every 10 µg/m(3) increase in PM10 was associated with a 25 to 35% decrease in IgM responses to Msg (statistically significant for all the Msg constructs), and every 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 19-45% decrease in IgM responses to Msg (statistically significant for MsgC8 and MsgC9). Similar findings were seen with exposures two weeks prior to admission, but for fewer of the Msg constructs. CONCLUSIONS Real life exposures to PM10 and NO2 were associated with suppressed IgM responses to P. jirovecii Msg in HIV+ patients admitted with PCP, suggesting a mechanism of immunotoxicity by which AAP increases host susceptibility to pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Blount
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kpandja Djawe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kieran R. Daly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leah G. Jarlsberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Serena Fong
- HIV/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John Balmes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Miller
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Walzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Laurence Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- HIV/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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