251
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Fang Z, Zhu H, Preston C, Hu L. Development, application and commercialization of transparent paper. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1613/1/1/015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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252
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Bober P, Liu J, Mikkonen KS, Ihalainen P, Pesonen M, Plumed-Ferrer C, von Wright A, Lindfors T, Xu C, Latonen RM. Biocomposites of Nanofibrillated Cellulose, Polypyrrole, and Silver Nanoparticles with Electroconductive and Antimicrobial Properties. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3655-63. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500939x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Bober
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department
of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Carme Plumed-Ferrer
- Institute
of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Atte von Wright
- Institute
of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Academy of Finland, Hakaniemenranta
6, POB 131, FI-00531 Helsinki, Finland
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253
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Uth C, Zielonka S, Hörner S, Rasche N, Plog A, Orelma H, Avrutina O, Zhang K, Kolmar H. A chemoenzymatic approach to protein immobilization onto crystalline cellulose nanoscaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12618-23. [PMID: 25070515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of bioactive molecules onto nanocellulose leads to constructs that combine the properties of the grafted compounds with the biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of cellulose carriers and the advantages given by their nanometer dimensions. However, the methods commonly used for protein grafting suffer from lack of selectivity, long reaction times, nonphysiological pH ranges and solvents, and the necessity to develop a tailor-made reaction strategy for each individual case. To overcome these restrictions, a generic two-step procedure was developed that takes advantage of the highly efficient oxime ligation combined with enzyme-mediated protein coupling onto the surface of peptide-modified crystalline nanocellulose. The described method is based on efficient and orthogonal transformations, requires no organic solvents, and takes place under physiological conditions. Being site-directed and regiospecific, it could be applied to a vast number of functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Uth
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
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254
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Azzam F, Moreau C, Cousin F, Menelle A, Bizot H, Cathala B. Cellulose nanofibril-based multilayered thin films: effect of ionic strength on porosity, swelling, and optical properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:8091-8100. [PMID: 24971725 DOI: 10.1021/la501408r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and synthetic poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) were used to build multilayered thin films via the dipping-assisted layer-by-layer technique. We used the ionic strength, in both CNF suspension and PAH solution, as a key parameter to control the structure of the films. Three systems with different ionic strength parameters were investigated. We studied the growth of the films and their surface morphology by ellipsometry and AFM and investigated their porosity and swelling behavior using neutron reflectivity. Our results showed that the PAH conformation is a determining factor not only for film growth but also for structural properties: with salt-free PAH solution where chains have extended conformation, the resulting films have lower porosity and higher swelling ratios, compared to the ones made using high ionic strength (1 M) PAH solution, where chains have a coiled conformation. The slight aggregation of CNF, induced by adding a small amount of salt (12 mM), has less influence on film growth and porosity, whereas it has a greater impact on swelling. The origin of these differences is discussed. The structure of the films obtained was linked to their optical properties and, in particular, to their antireflective character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Azzam
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA , 44316 Nantes, France
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255
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Niu Q, Gao K, Shao Z. Cellulose nanofiber/single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid non-woven macrofiber mats as novel wearable supercapacitors with excellent stability, tailorability and reliability. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4083-4088. [PMID: 24619337 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05929d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-woven macrofiber mats are prepared by simply controlling the extrusion patterns of cellulose nanofiber/single-walled carbon nanotube suspensions in an ethanol coagulation bath, and drying in air under restricted conditions. These novel wearable supercapacitors based on non-woven macrofiber mats are demonstrated to have excellent tailorability, electrochemical stability, and damage reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Niu
- School of Materials science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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256
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Li Z, Yao C, Yu Y, Cai Z, Wang X. Highly efficient capillary photoelectrochemical water splitting using cellulose nanofiber-templated TiO₂ photoanodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2262-2110. [PMID: 24615860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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257
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Syverud K. Pretreatment-dependent surface chemistry of wood nanocellulose for pH-sensitive hydrogels. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:423-32. [PMID: 24713295 PMCID: PMC4231171 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214531511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose from wood is a promising material with potential in various technological areas. Within biomedical applications, nanocellulose has been proposed as a suitable nano-material for wound dressings. This is based on the capability of the material to self-assemble into 3D micro-porous structures, which among others have an excellent capacity of maintaining a moist environment. In addition, the surface chemistry of nanocellulose is suitable for various applications. First, OH-groups are abundant in nanocellulose materials, making the material strongly hydrophilic. Second, the surface chemistry can be modified, introducing aldehyde and carboxyl groups, which have major potential for surface functionalization. In this study, we demonstrate the production of nanocellulose with tailor-made surface chemistry, by pre-treating the raw cellulose fibres with carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The pre-treatments yielded a highly nanofibrillated material, with significant amounts of aldehyde and carboxyl groups. Importantly, the poly-anionic surface of the oxidized nanocellulose opens up for novel applications, i.e. micro-porous materials with pH-responsive characteristics. This is due to the swelling capacity of the 3D micro-porous structures, which have ionisable functional groups. In this study, we demonstrated that nanocellulose gels have a significantly higher swelling degree in neutral and alkaline conditions, compared to an acid environment (pH 3). Such a capability can potentially be applied in chronic wounds for controlled and intelligent release of antibacterial components into biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Syverud
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI) - Høgskoleringen 6b, Trondheim, Norway
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258
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Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanofiber based thin-film nanofibrous composite membranes. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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259
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BAČÁKOVÁ L, NOVOTNÁ K, PAŘÍZEK M. Polysaccharides as Cell Carriers for Tissue Engineering: the Use of Cellulose in Vascular Wall Reconstruction. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S29-47. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are long carbohydrate molecules of monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic bonds. These biological polymers have emerged as promising materials for tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, mostly good availability and tailorable properties. This complex group of biomolecules can be classified using several criteria, such as chemical composition (homo- and heteropolysaccharides), structure (linear and branched), function in the organism (structural, storage and secreted polysaccharides), or source (animals, plants, microorganisms). Polysaccharides most widely used in tissue engineering include starch, cellulose, chitosan, pectins, alginate, agar, dextran, pullulan, gellan, xanthan and glycosaminoglycans. Polysaccharides have been applied for engineering and regeneration of practically all tissues, though mostly at the experimental level. Polysaccharides have been tested for engineering of blood vessels, myocardium, heart valves, bone, articular and tracheal cartilage, intervertebral discs, menisci, skin, liver, skeletal muscle, neural tissue, urinary bladder, and also for encapsulation and delivery of pancreatic islets and ovarian follicles. For these purposes, polysaccharides have been applied in various forms, such as injectable hydrogels or porous and fibrous scaffolds, and often in combination with other natural or synthetic polymers or inorganic nanoparticles. The immune response evoked by polysaccharides is usually mild, and can be reduced by purifying the material or by choosing appropriate crosslinking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. BAČÁKOVÁ
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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260
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Solvent-free acetylation of cellulose nanofibers for improving compatibility and dispersion. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:369-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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261
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Abdul Khalil H, Davoudpour Y, Islam MN, Mustapha A, Sudesh K, Dungani R, Jawaid M. Production and modification of nanofibrillated cellulose using various mechanical processes: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:649-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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262
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263
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Dhar P, Bhardwaj U, Kumar A, Katiyar V. Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Potential Nanofiller for Food Packaging Applications. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1162.ch017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prodyut Dhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Umesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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264
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Kalia S, Boufi S, Celli A, Kango S. Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface modification and potential applications. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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265
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Huang M, Chen F, Jiang Z, Li Y. Preparation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose/amino acid/nanosilver biocomposite film and its antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:608-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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266
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Lai C, Sheng L, Liao S, Xi T, Zhang Z. Surface characterization of TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lai
- Biomedical Material Research Center, Shenzhen campus; Beijing University; Shenzhen 518057 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Liyuan Sheng
- Biomedical Material Research Center, Shenzhen campus; Beijing University; Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Shibo Liao
- Biomedical Material Research Center, Shenzhen campus; Beijing University; Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Biomedical Material Research Center, Shenzhen campus; Beijing University; Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- Biomedical Material Research Center, Shenzhen campus; Beijing University; Shenzhen 518057 China
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267
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Larsson E, Sanchez CC, Porsch C, Karabulut E, Wågberg L, Carlmark A. Thermo-responsive nanofibrillated cellulose by polyelectrolyte adsorption. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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268
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Control of size and viscoelastic properties of nanofibrillated cellulose from palm tree by varying the TEMPO-mediated oxidation time. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:74-83. [PMID: 24274481 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to control and optimize the preparation of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from the date palm tree by monitoring the oxidation time (degree of oxidation) of the pristine cellulose and the number of cycles through the homogenizer. The oxidation was monitored by TEMPO (1-oxo-2,2,6,6-tétraméthylpipyridine 1-oxyle) mediated oxidation. Evidence of the successful isolation of NFC was given by FE-SEM observation revealing fibrils with a width in the range 20-30nm, depending of the oxidation time. The evolution of the transparency of the aqueous NFC suspension and carboxylic content according to the degree of oxidation and number of cycles were also analyzed by UV-vis transmittance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. A significant NFC length reduction occurred during the TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The rheological properties of NFC suspensions were characterized as function of the oxidation time. Dynamic rheology showed that the aqueous suspension behavior changed from liquid to gel depending on the concentration. The highest concentration studied was 1wt% and the modulus reached 1MPa which was higher than for non-oxidized NFC. An explanation of the gel structure evolution with the oxidation time applied to the NFC (NFC length) was proposed. The gel structure evolves from an entanglement-governed gel structure to an immobilized water molecule-governed one.
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269
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270
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Cellulose nanofibers/reduced graphene oxide flexible transparent conductive paper. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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271
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A comparative study of cellulose nanofibrils disintegrated via multiple processing approaches. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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272
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Hasani M, Henniges U, Idström A, Nordstierna L, Westman G, Rosenau T, Potthast A. Nano-cellulosic materials: the impact of water on their dissolution in DMAc/LiCl. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1565-72. [PMID: 24053841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dissolution behaviour of disassociated cellulosic materials in N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) was investigated. The parameters monitored were chromatographic elution profiles and recovered mass by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with RI detection. In order to elucidate the impact of the disassembly on cellulosic fibres, comparative studies were performed with the non-disassociated cellulose counterparts. The importance of the presence of water was addressed by Karl Fischer titration and solvent exchange experiments. Morphological changes during the dissolution process were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolution of fibrillated cellulosic materials is impeded compared to the non-fibrillated material. This is a consequence of the high-surface-area fibrils prone to retain high amounts of water. Dissolution behaviour of nano-crystalline cellulosic materials appeared to be source-dependent. Due to the absence of entangled networks, these materials retain only water bound at the surface of the nano-crystallites, indicative of both the exposed surface area and solubility. The small cellulose nano-particles extracted from dissolving pulp show lower solubility compared to the large NCC particles from cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Organic Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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273
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Javadi A, Zheng Q, Payen F, Javadi A, Altin Y, Cai Z, Sabo R, Gong S. Polyvinyl alcohol-cellulose nanofibrils-graphene oxide hybrid organic aerogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5969-75. [PMID: 23789837 DOI: 10.1021/am400171y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic aerogels consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) were prepared using an environmentally friendly freeze-drying process. The material properties of these fabricated aerogels were measured and analyzed using various characterization techniques including compression testing, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and contact angle measurements. These environmentally friendly, biobased hybrid organic aerogels exhibited a series of desirable properties including a high specific compressive strength and compressive failure strain, ultralow density and thermal conductivity, good thermal stability, and moisture resistance, making them potentially useful for a broad range of applications including thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Javadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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274
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Gao K, Shao Z, Wu X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang W, Wang F. Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5307-5311. [PMID: 23686244 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors were fabricated using CNF-[RGO]n hybrid paper as an electrode material and charge collector. Owing to the self-anti-stacking of distorted RGO nanosheets and internal electrolyte nanoscale-reservoirs, the device exhibited good electrochemical performance (about 1.73 mF cm(-2)), and a transmittance of about 56% (at 550 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezheng Gao
- School of Materials science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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275
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Coseri S, Doliška A, Kleinschek KS. Immobilization of Water-Soluble 6-Carboxylcellulose on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Films Monitored by a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400645j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Coseri
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Aleš Doliška
- Laboratory for Characterization
and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor,
Slovenia
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Laboratory for Characterization
and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor,
Slovenia
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276
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Chinga-Carrasco G. Optical methods for the quantification of the fibrillation degree of bleached MFC materials. Micron 2013; 48:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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277
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Clemons C, Sedlmair J, Illman B, Ibach R, Hirschmugl C. Chemically imaging the effects of the addition of nanofibrillated cellulose on the distribution of poly(acrylic acid) in poly(vinyl alcohol). POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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278
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Song J, Tang A, Liu T, Wang J. Fast and continuous preparation of high polymerization degree cellulose nanofibrils and their three-dimensional macroporous scaffold fabrication. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:2482-2490. [PMID: 23412536 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33615h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
C6-carboxy-cellulose with a carboxylate content of 0.8 mmol g(-1) was obtained by oxidation of once-dried cellulose, using the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO)/NaClO/NaClO2 system at pH 6.8 and 60 °C for 16 h. This method, with the addition of reagents in the order TEMPO, NaClO and NaClO2, was 38 h faster than a previously published method. Individualized cellulose nanofibrils with a width of 3-5 nm and a length of several hundred nanometers were prepared by homogenizing the C6-carboxy-cellulose-water suspension. Macroporous cellulose nanofibril/poly(vinyl alcohol) scaffolds with interconnected large pores of 20-100 μm diameter and small pores of 2-10 μm diameter were fabricated. The cellulose nanofilaments formed nanofibrous structures on the surface of the PVA wall, which was similar to that of the collagen skeleton of the extracellular matrix. NIH/3T3 cells were cultured in the scaffolds for 4 weeks, SEM observation showed that the cells were anchored and clustered on the cellulose nanofilaments, forming spherical colonies. The extracellular matrix (ECM) was filled with mineralized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Song
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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279
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Influence of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril length on film properties. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 93:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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280
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Micro-structural characterisation of homogeneous and layered MFC nano-composites. Micron 2013; 44:331-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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281
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Jiang F, Han S, Hsieh YL. Controlled defibrillation of rice straw cellulose and self-assembly of cellulose nanofibrils into highly crystalline fibrous materials. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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282
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Svensson A, Larsson PT, Salazar-Alvarez G, Wågberg L. Preparation of dry ultra-porous cellulosic fibres: Characterization and possible initial uses. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:775-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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283
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Biliuta G, Fras L, Drobota M, Persin Z, Kreze T, Stana-Kleinschek K, Ribitsch V, Harabagiu V, Coseri S. Comparison study of TEMPO and phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) radicals on oxidation efficiency toward cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 91:502-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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284
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Rebouillat S, Pla F. State of the Art Manufacturing and Engineering of Nanocellulose: A Review of Available Data and Industrial Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2013.42022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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285
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Zheng Q, Javadi A, Sabo R, Cai Z, Gong S. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–cellulose nanofibril (CNF)–multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid organic aerogels with superior mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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286
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Bendi R, Imae T. Renewable catalyst with Cu nanoparticles embedded into cellulose nano-fiber film. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42689k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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287
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Lavoine N, Desloges I, Dufresne A, Bras J. Microfibrillated cellulose – Its barrier properties and applications in cellulosic materials: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:735-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 875] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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288
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Loranger E, Piché AO, Daneault C. Influence of High Shear Dispersion on the Production of Cellulose Nanofibers by Ultrasound-Assisted TEMPO-Oxidation of Kraft Pulp. NANOMATERIALS 2012; 2:286-297. [PMID: 28348309 PMCID: PMC5304585 DOI: 10.3390/nano2030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers can be produced using a combination of TEMPO, sodium bromide (NaBr) and sodium hypochlorite, and mechanical dispersion. Recently, this process has been the subject of intensive investigation. However, studies on the aspects of mechanical treatment of this process remain marginal. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the high shear dispersion parameters (e.g., consistency, stator-rotor gap, recirculation rate and pH) and determine their influences on nanocellulose production using ultrasound-assisted TEMPO-oxidation of Kraft pulp. All nanofiber gels produced in this study exhibited rheological behaviors known as shear thinning. From all the dispersion parameters, the following conditions were identified as optimal: 0.042 mm stator-rotor gap, 200 mL/min recycle rate, dispersion pH of 7 and a feed consistency of 2%. High quality cellulose gel could be produced under these conditions. This finding is surely of great interest for the pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Loranger
- Lignocellulosic Material Research Centre, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - André-Olivier Piché
- Lignocellulosic Material Research Centre, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Claude Daneault
- Lignocellulosic Material Research Centre, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Canada Research Chair in Value-added Paper, 3351 Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
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289
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Saadatmand S, Edlund U, Albertsson AC, Danielsson S, Dahlman O. Prehydrolysis in softwood pulping produces a valuable biorefinery fraction for material utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8389-8396. [PMID: 22768794 DOI: 10.1021/es301699n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A scaled-up prehydrolysis process was elaborated to demonstrate an industrially feasible operation step in a pulping process that generates a valuable side product in addition to the cellulose pulp. The valuable side product is aqueous process liquor, a softwood hydrolysate (SWH) herein produced in 60 L batches, and its components were recovered and utilized as materials. The process parameters were shown to influence the yield, composition, and quality of the obtained hydrolysates. Furthermore, the process conditions were shown to influence the ability of SWHs to form free-standing, foldable films in blends with either microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Films with oxygen permeabilities (OP) as low as 0.35 cm(3) μm day(-1) m(-2) kPa(-1) at 50% relative humidity, were produced from aqueous solutions providing a viable and green alternative to petroleum-based packaging barriers. The OPs were very low regardless of SWH film composition and upgrading conditions, whereas the films' tensile performance was directly controlled by the ratio of SWH to cocomponent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Saadatmand
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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290
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Ifuku S, Saimoto H. Chitin nanofibers: preparations, modifications, and applications. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3308-3318. [PMID: 22539071 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers are prepared from the exoskeletons of crabs and prawns by a simple mechanical treatment after the removal of proteins and minerals. The obtained nanofibers have fine nanofiber networks with a uniform width of approximately 10-20 nm and a high aspect ratio. The method used for chitin-nanofiber isolation is also successfully applied to the cell walls of mushrooms. They form a complex with glucans on the fiber surface. A grinder, a Star Burst atomization system, and a high speed blender are all used in the mechanical treatment to convert chitin to nanofibers. Mechanical treatment under acidic conditions is the key to facilitate fibrillation. At pH 3-4, the cationization of amino groups on the fiber surface assists nano-fibrillation by electrostatic repulsive force. By applying this finding, we also prepared chitin nanofibers from dry chitin powder. Chitin nanofibers are acetylated to modify their surfaces. The acetyl DS can be controlled from 1 to 3 by changing the reaction time. An acetyl group is introduced heterogeneously from the surface to the core. Nanofiber morphology is maintained even in the case of high acetyl DS. Optically transparent chitin nanofiber composites are prepared with 11 different types of acrylic resins. Due to the nano-sized structure, all of the composites are highly transparent. Chitin nanofibers significantly increase the Young's moduli and the tensile strengths and decrease the thermal expansion of all acrylic resins due to the reinforcement effect of chitin nanofibers. Chitin nanofibers show chiral separation ability. The chitin nanofiber membrane transports the d-isomer of glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and lysine from the corresponding racemic amino acid mixtures faster than the corresponding l-isomer. The chitin nanofibers improve clinical symptoms and suppress ulcerative colitis in a DSS-induced mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis. Moreover, chitin nanofibers suppress myeloperoxidase activation in the colon and decrease serum interleukin-6 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ifuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Saimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
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291
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Fujisawa S, Ikeuchi T, Takeuchi M, Saito T, Isogai A. Superior Reinforcement Effect of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils in Polystyrene Matrix: Optical, Thermal, and Mechanical Studies. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2188-94. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Ikeuchi
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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292
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Yang H, Tejado A, Alam N, Antal M, van de Ven TGM. Films prepared from electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7834-7842. [PMID: 22482733 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-012-9694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose (ENCC) was modified in three ways: (1) the hydroxyl groups on C2 and C3 of glucose repeat units of ENCC were converted to aldehyde groups by periodate oxidation to various extents; (2) the carboxyl groups in the sodium form on ENCC were converted to the acid form by treating them with an acid-type ion-exchange resin; and (3) ENCC was cross-linked in two different ways by employing adipic dihydrazide as a cross-linker and water-soluble 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylaminopropyl)] carbodiimide as a carboxyl-activating agent. Films were prepared from these modified ENCC suspensions by vacuum filtration. The effects of these three modifications on the properties of films were investigated by a variety of techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, a tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and contact angle (CA) studies. On the basis of the results from UV spectra, the transmittance of these films was as high as 87%, which shows them to be highly transparent. The tensile strength of these films was increased with increasing aldehyde content. From TGA and WVTR experiments, cross-linked films showed much higher thermal stability and lower water permeability. Furthermore, although the original cellulose is hydrophilic, these films also exhibited a certain hydrophobic behavior. Films treated by trichloromethylsilane become superhydrophobic. The unique characteristics of these transparent films are very promising for potential applications in flexible packaging and other high-technology products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Pulp & Paper Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 3420 University Street, H3A 2A7 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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293
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Yang H, Tejado A, Alam N, Antal M, van de Ven TGM. Films prepared from electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7834-42. [PMID: 22482733 DOI: 10.1021/la2049663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose (ENCC) was modified in three ways: (1) the hydroxyl groups on C2 and C3 of glucose repeat units of ENCC were converted to aldehyde groups by periodate oxidation to various extents; (2) the carboxyl groups in the sodium form on ENCC were converted to the acid form by treating them with an acid-type ion-exchange resin; and (3) ENCC was cross-linked in two different ways by employing adipic dihydrazide as a cross-linker and water-soluble 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylaminopropyl)] carbodiimide as a carboxyl-activating agent. Films were prepared from these modified ENCC suspensions by vacuum filtration. The effects of these three modifications on the properties of films were investigated by a variety of techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, a tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and contact angle (CA) studies. On the basis of the results from UV spectra, the transmittance of these films was as high as 87%, which shows them to be highly transparent. The tensile strength of these films was increased with increasing aldehyde content. From TGA and WVTR experiments, cross-linked films showed much higher thermal stability and lower water permeability. Furthermore, although the original cellulose is hydrophilic, these films also exhibited a certain hydrophobic behavior. Films treated by trichloromethylsilane become superhydrophobic. The unique characteristics of these transparent films are very promising for potential applications in flexible packaging and other high-technology products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Pulp & Paper Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 3420 University Street, H3A 2A7 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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294
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Cellulose nanofibrils prepared from softwood cellulose by TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO₂ systems in water at pH 4.8 or 6.8. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:228-34. [PMID: 22617623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation of softwood cellulose using NaClO and either 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-H-TEMPO) or 4-acetamido-TEMPO (4-AcNH-TEMPO) was applied with NaClO(2) used as a primary oxidant in an aqueous buffer at pH 4.8 or 6.8. When the 4-AcNH-TEMPO-mediated oxidation was applied to softwood cellulose in water at pH 4.8 and 40 °C, the carboxylate content rose to ∼1.3 mmol/g after reaction for 48 h and the DP(v) value was more than 1100. This 4-AcNH-TEMPO-oxidized softwood cellulose was mostly converted to individual nanofibrils by mechanical disintegration in water, with uniform widths of 3-4 nm and lengths greater than 1 μm.
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295
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Wu CN, Saito T, Fujisawa S, Fukuzumi H, Isogai A. Ultrastrong and High Gas-Barrier Nanocellulose/Clay-Layered Composites. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1927-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Wu
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences,
Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences,
Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences,
Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hayaka Fukuzumi
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences,
Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences,
Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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296
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Eronen P, Laine J, Ruokolainen J, Österberg M. Comparison of Multilayer Formation Between Different Cellulose Nanofibrils and Cationic Polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 373:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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297
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Liimatainen H, Visanko M, Sirviö JA, Hormi OEO, Niinimaki J. Enhancement of the Nanofibrillation of Wood Cellulose through Sequential Periodate–Chlorite Oxidation. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1592-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300319m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrikki Liimatainen
- Fiber
and Particle Engineering Laboratory and‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Miikka Visanko
- Fiber
and Particle Engineering Laboratory and‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fiber
and Particle Engineering Laboratory and‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Osmo E. O. Hormi
- Fiber
and Particle Engineering Laboratory and‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jouko Niinimaki
- Fiber
and Particle Engineering Laboratory and‡Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
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298
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Masoodi R, El-Hajjar R, Pillai K, Sabo R. Mechanical characterization of cellulose nanofiber and bio-based epoxy composite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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299
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Arfin N, Bohidar H. Concentration selective hydration and phase states of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) in aqueous solutions. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:759-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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300
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Shinoda R, Saito T, Okita Y, Isogai A. Relationship between Length and Degree of Polymerization of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:842-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm2017542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Shinoda
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okita
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School
of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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