251
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Jensen S, Kilin D. Cobalt-doped TiO2: a computational analysis of dopant placement and charge transfer direction on thin film anatase. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1094582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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252
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Akimov AV, Asahi R, Jinnouchi R, Prezhdo OV. What Makes the Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction on N-Doped Ta2O5 Efficient: Insights from Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11517-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Akimov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ryoji Asahi
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute-shi, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Jinnouchi
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute-shi, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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253
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Trivedi DJ, Prezhdo OV. Decoherence Allows Model Reduction in Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2015. [PMID: 26221974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b05869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation requires calculation of NA coupling matrix elements, the number of which scales as a square of the number of basis states. The basis size can be huge in studies of nanoscale materials, and calculation of the NA couplings can present a significant bottleneck. A quantum-classical approximation, NAMD overestimates coherence in the quantum, electronic subsystem, requiring decoherence correction. Generally, decoherence times decrease with increasing energy separation between pairs of states forming coherent superpositions. Since rapid decoherence stops quantum dynamics, one expects that decoherence-corrected NAMD can eliminate the need for calculation of NA couplings between energetically distant states, notably reducing the computational cost. Considering several types of dynamics in a semiconductor quantum dot, we demonstrate that indeed, decoherence allows one to reduce the number of needed NA coupling matrix elements. If the energy levels are spaced closer than 0.1 eV, one obtains good results while including only three nearest-neighbor couplings, and in some cases even with just the first nearest-neighbor coupling scheme. If the energy levels are spaced by about 0.4 eV, the nearest-neighbor model fails, while three or more nearest-neighbor schemes also provide good results. In comparison, the results of NAMD simulation without decoherence vary continuously with changes in the number of NA couplings. Thus, decoherence effects induced by coupling to a quantum-mechanical environment not only provide the physical mechanism for NAMD trajectory branding and improve the accuracy of NAMD simulations, but also afford significant computational savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara J Trivedi
- †Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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254
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Syzgantseva OA, Puska M, Laasonen K. Impact of Ga-V Codoping on Interfacial Electron Transfer in Dye-Sensitized TiO2. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2603-2607. [PMID: 26266741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of charge transfer between an organic molecule and a semiconductor is an important and challenging goal in the fields of photovoltaics and photocatalysis. In this work, we present a time-dependent density functional theory investigation of the impact of Ga-V codoping of TiO2 on the excited-state electron injection from perylene-3-carboxylic acid. The doping is shown to raise the charge-transfer efficiency for the highest possible surface dye uptake by ∼16%. The strength of the effect depends on the dopant-pair-dye separation, dopant concentration, and distribution of Ga, V atoms in TiO2. The doping of the superficial level turns out to be more favorable than those in the bulk. The changes in electron injection dynamics are attributed to the modification of accepting semiconductor levels and hybridization profile between molecular and semiconductor states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Syzgantseva
- †COMP, Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- ‡COMP, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Martti Puska
- ‡COMP, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- †COMP, Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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255
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Wang L, Prezhdo OV, Beljonne D. Mixed quantum-classical dynamics for charge transport in organics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12395-406. [PMID: 25772795 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge transport plays a crucial role in the working principle of most opto-electronic and energy devices. This is especially true for organic materials where the first theoretical models date back to the 1950s and have continuously evolved ever since. Most of these descriptions rely on perturbation theory to treat small interactions in the Hamiltonian. In particular, applying a perturbative treatment to the electron-phonon and electron-electron coupling results in the band and hopping models, respectively, the signature of which is conveyed by a characteristic temperature dependence of mobility. This perspective describes recent progress of studying charge transport in organics using mixed quantum-classical dynamics techniques, including mean field and surface hopping theories. The studies go beyond the perturbation treatments and represent the processes explicitly in the time-domain, as they occur in real life. The challenges, advantages, and disadvantages of both approaches are systematically discussed. Special focus is dedicated to the temperature dependence of mobility, the role of local and nonlocal electron-phonon couplings, as well as the interplay between electronic and electron-phonon interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0482, USA.
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256
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Monti A, Negre CFA, Batista VS, Rego LGC, de Groot HJM, Buda F. Crucial Role of Nuclear Dynamics for Electron Injection in a Dye-Semiconductor Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2393-8. [PMID: 26266622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electron injection from a terrylene-based chromophore to the TiO2 semiconductor bridged by a recently proposed phenyl-amide-phenyl molecular rectifier. The mechanism of electron transfer is studied by means of quantum dynamics simulations using an extended Hückel Hamiltonian. It is found that the inclusion of the nuclear motion is necessary to observe the photoinduced electron transfer. In particular, the fluctuations of the dihedral angle between the terrylene and the phenyl ring modulate the localization and thus the electronic coupling between the donor and acceptor states involved in the injection process. The electron propagation shows characteristic oscillatory features that correlate with interatomic distance fluctuations in the bridge, which are associated with the vibrational modes driving the process. The understanding of such effects is important for the design of functional dyes with optimal injection and rectification properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Monti
- †Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F A Negre
- §Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Luis G C Rego
- ∥Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Huub J M de Groot
- †Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Buda
- †Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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257
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Purchase RL, de Groot HJM. Biosolar cells: global artificial photosynthesis needs responsive matrices with quantum coherent kinetic control for high yield. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20150014. [PMID: 26052428 PMCID: PMC4410567 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2015.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This contribution discusses why we should consider developing artificial photosynthesis with the tandem approach followed by the Dutch BioSolar Cells consortium, a current operational paradigm for a global artificial photosynthesis project. We weigh the advantages and disadvantages of a tandem converter against other approaches, including biomass. Owing to the low density of solar energy per unit area, artificial photosynthetic systems must operate at high efficiency to minimize the land (or sea) area required. In particular, tandem converters are a much better option than biomass for densely populated countries and use two photons per electron extracted from water as the raw material into chemical conversion to hydrogen, or carbon-based fuel when CO2 is also used. For the average total light sum of 40 mol m−2 d−1 for The Netherlands, the upper limits are many tons of hydrogen or carbon-based fuel per hectare per year. A principal challenge is to forge materials for quantitative conversion of photons to chemical products within the physical limitation of an internal potential of ca 2.9 V. When going from electric charge in the tandem to hydrogen and back to electricity, only the energy equivalent to 1.23 V can be stored in the fuel and regained. A critical step is then to learn from nature how to use the remaining difference of ca 1.7 V effectively by triple use of one overpotential for preventing recombination, kinetic stabilization of catalytic intermediates and finally generating targeted heat for the release of oxygen. Probably the only way to achieve this is by using bioinspired responsive matrices that have quantum–classical pathways for a coherent conversion of photons to fuels, similar to what has been achieved by natural selection in evolution. In appendix A for the expert, we derive a propagator that describes how catalytic reactions can proceed coherently by a convergence of time scales of quantum electron dynamics and classical nuclear dynamics. We propose that synergy gains by such processes form a basis for further progress towards high efficiency and yield for a global project on artificial photosynthesis. Finally, we look at artificial photosynthesis research in The Netherlands and use this as an example of how an interdisciplinary approach is beneficial to artificial photosynthesis research. We conclude with some of the potential societal consequences of a large-scale roll out of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Purchase
- Biophysical Organic Chemistry/Solid State NMR , Leiden Institute of Chemistry , PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - H J M de Groot
- Biophysical Organic Chemistry/Solid State NMR , Leiden Institute of Chemistry , PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
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258
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Jakubikova E, Bowman DN. Fe(II)-Polypyridines as Chromophores in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Computational Perspective. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1441-9. [PMID: 25919490 DOI: 10.1021/ar500428t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have become a viable and relatively cheap alternative to conventional crystalline silicon-based systems. At the heart of a DSSC is a wide band gap semiconductor, typically a TiO2 nanoparticle network, sensitized with a visible light absorbing chromophore. Ru(II)-polypyridines are often utilized as chromophores thanks to their chemical stability, long-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states, tunable redox potentials, and near perfect quantum efficiency of interfacial electron transfer (IET) into TiO2. More recently, coordination compounds based on first row transition metals, such as Fe(II)-polypyridines, gained some attention as potential sensitizers in DSSCs due to their low cost and abundance. While such complexes can in principle sensitize TiO2, they do so very inefficiently since their photoactive MLCT states undergo intersystem crossing (ISC) into low-lying metal-centered states on a subpicosecond time scale. Competition between the ultrafast ISC events and IET upon initial excitation of Fe(II)-polypyridines is the main obstacle to their utilization in DSSCs. Suitability of Fe(II)-polypyridines to serve as sensitizers could therefore be improved by adjusting relative rates of the ISC and IET processes, with the goal of making the IET more competitive with ISC. Our research program in computational inorganic chemistry utilizes a variety of tools based on density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and quantum dynamics to investigate structure-property relationships in Fe(II)-polypyridines, specifically focusing on their function as chromophores. One of the difficult problems is the accurate determination of energy differences between electronic states with various spin multiplicities (i.e., (1)A, (1,3)MLCT, (3)T, (5)T) in the ISC cascade. We have shown that DFT is capable of predicting the trends in the energy ordering of these electronic states in a set of structurally related complexes with the help of appropriate benchmarks, based either on experimental data or higher-level ab initio calculations. Models based on TD-DFT and quantum dynamics approaches have proven very useful in understanding IET processes in Fe(II)-polypyridine-TiO2 assemblies. For example, they helped us to elucidate the origin of "band selective" sensitization in the [Fe(bpy-dca)2(CN)2]-TiO2 assembly (bpy-dca = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid), first observed by Ferrere and Gregg [ Ferrere , S. ; Gregg , B. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998 , 120 , 843 . ]. They also shed light on the relationship between the linker group that anchors Fe(II)-polypyridines onto the TiO2 surface and the speed of IET in Fe(II)-polypyridine-TiO2 assemblies. More interestingly, our results show that the IET efficiency is strongly correlated with the amount of electron density on the linker group and that one can obtain insights into the IET in dye-semiconductor assemblies based on ground state electronic structure calculations alone. This may be useful for quick screening of a large number of complexes for use as potential sensitizers in DSSCs, especially if followed up by TD-DFT and quantum dynamics simulations for selected target compounds to confirm efficient sensitization. While our focus over the past few years has been exclusively on Fe(II)-polypyridines, the computational strategies outlined in this Account are applicable to a wide variety of sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jakubikova
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David N. Bowman
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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259
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Ke Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Visualization of Hot Exciton Energy Relaxation from Coherent to Diffusive Regimes in Conjugated Polymers: A Theoretical Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1741-1747. [PMID: 26263343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The unified coherent-to-diffusive energy relaxation of hot exciton in organic aggregates or polymers, which still remains largely unclear and is also a great challenge theoretically, is investigated from a time-dependent wavepacket diffusive approach. The results demonstrate that in the multiple time scale energy relaxation dynamics, the fast relaxation time essentially corresponds to the dephasing time of excitonic coherence motion, whereas the slow time is related to a hopping migration, and a suggested kinetic model successfully connects these two processes. The dependencies of those times on the initial energy and delocalization of exciton wavepacket as well as exciton-phonon interactions are further analyzed. The proposed method together with quantum chemistry calculations has explained an experimental observation of hot exciton energy relaxation in the low-bandgap copolymer PBDTTPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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260
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Yin J, Cortecchia D, Krishna A, Chen S, Mathews N, Grimsdale AC, Soci C. Interfacial Charge Transfer Anisotropy in Polycrystalline Lead Iodide Perovskite Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1396-402. [PMID: 26263141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on organic-inorganic lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) exhibit remarkably high power conversion efficiency (PCE). One of the key issues in solution-processed films is that often the polycrystalline domain orientation is not well-defined, which makes it difficult to predict energy alignment and charge transfer efficiency. Here we combine ab initio calculations and photoelectron spectroscopy to unravel the electronic structure and charge redistribution at the interface between different surfaces of CH3NH3PbI3 and typical organic hole acceptor Spiro-OMeTAD and electron acceptor PCBM. We find that both hole and electron interfacial transfer depend strongly on the CH3NH3PbI3 surface orientation: while the (001) and (110) surfaces tend to favor hole injection to Spiro-OMeTAD, the (100) surface facilitates electron transfer to PCBM due to surface delocalized charges and hole/electron accumulation at the CH3NH3PbI3/organic interfaces. Molecular dynamic simulations indicate that this is due to strong orbital interactions under thermal fluctuations at room temperature, suggesting the possibility to further improve charge separation and extraction in perovskite-based solar cells by controlling perovskite film crystallization and surface orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- ‡Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
- §Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Anurag Krishna
- ‡Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Shi Chen
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Nripan Mathews
- §Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Andrew C Grimsdale
- §Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
- ∥School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Cesare Soci
- †Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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261
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Akimov AV, Prezhdo OV. Theory of solar energy materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:130301. [PMID: 25767045 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/13/130301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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262
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Jensen S, Kilin DS. Electronic properties of nickel-doped TiO₂ anatase. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:134207. [PMID: 25767110 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/13/134207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic details of electron transfer in semiconductor materials are characterized for TiO2 thin film surfaces doped with nickel. A periodic slab model of eight atomic layers exposes the (1 0 0) crystallographic surface and is covered with a monolayer of water. The density of states, absorption spectra, partial charge densities, molecular dynamics, and non-adiabatic couplings are compared between doped and undoped models. Our results show that Ni doping improves several electronic properties including lowering the band gap, increasing visible light absorption, and shortening the relaxation time of holes rather than electrons, which maximizes charge separation. The different mechanisms of electron and hole dynamics are discussed. The computed characteristics of a doped semiconductor material have practical potential for increasing efficiency of a photo-electrochemical cells.
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263
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Wang L, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Time-Domain Ab Initio Modeling of Photoinduced Dynamics at Nanoscale Interfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:549-79. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
| | - Run Long
- School of Physics and Complex & Adaptive Systems Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482;
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264
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Petsalakis ID, Theodorakopoulos G, Buchman O, Baer R. Applicability of Mulliken's formula for photoinduced and intramolecular charge-transfer energies. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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265
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Khoa NT, Kim SW, Yoo DH, Cho S, Kim EJ, Hahn SH. Fabrication of Au/graphene-wrapped ZnO-nanoparticle-assembled hollow spheres with effective photoinduced charge transfer for photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3524-3531. [PMID: 25629618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures of gold-nanoparticle-decorated reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO)-wrapped ZnO hollow spheres (Au/rGO/ZnO) are synthesized using tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as a mediating agent. The structure of amorphous ZnO hollow spheres is found to be transformed from nanosheet- to nanoparticle-assembled hollow spheres (nPAHS) upon annealing at 500 °C. The ZnO nPAHS hybrids with Au/rGO are characterized using various techniques, including photoluminescence, steady-state absorbance, time-resolved photoluminescence, and photocatalysis. The charge-transfer time of ZnO nPAHS is found to be 87 ps, which is much shorter than that of a nanorod (128 ps), nanoparticle (150 ps), and nanowall (990 ps) due to its unique structure. The Au/rGO/ZnO hybrid shows a higher charge-transfer efficiency of 68.0% in comparison with rGO/ZnO (40.3%) and previously reported ZnO hybrids. The photocatalytic activities of the samples are evaluated by photodegrading methylene blue under black-light irradiation. The Au/rGO/ZnO exhibits excellent photocatalytic efficiency due to reduced electron-hole recombination, fast electron-transfer rate, and high charge-transfer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tri Khoa
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan , Ulsan 680-749, South Korea
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266
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Appavoo K, Liu M, Black CT, Sfeir MY. Quantifying bulk and surface recombination processes in nanostructured water splitting photocatalysts via in situ ultrafast spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1076-1082. [PMID: 25564871 DOI: 10.1021/nl504035j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative description of recombination processes in nanostructured semiconductor photocatalysts-one that distinguishes between bulk (charge transport) and surface (chemical reaction) losses-is critical for advancing solar-to-fuel technologies. Here we present an in situ experimental framework that determines the bias-dependent quantum yield for ultrafast carrier transport to the reactive interface. This is achieved by simultaneously measuring the electrical characteristics and the subpicosecond charge dynamics of a heterostructured photoanode in a working photoelectrochemical cell. Together with direct measurements of the overall incident-photon-to-current efficiency, we illustrate how subtle structural modifications that are not perceivable by conventional X-ray diffraction can drastically affect the overall photocatalytic quantum yield. We reveal how charge carrier recombination losses occurring on ultrafast time scales can limit the overall efficiency even in nanostructures with dimensions smaller than the minority carrier diffusion length. This is particularly true for materials with high carrier concentration, where losses as high as 37% are observed. Our methodology provides a means of evaluating the efficacy of multifunctional designs where high overall efficiency is achieved by maximizing surface transport yield to near unity and utilizing surface layers with enhanced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannatassen Appavoo
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
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267
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Kong M, Liu Y, Wang H, Luo J, Li D, Zhang S, Li S, Wu J, Tian Y. Synthesis, spectral and third-order nonlinear optical properties of terpyridine Zn(II) complexes based on carbazole derivative with polyether group. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:521-528. [PMID: 25123941 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Four novel Zn(II) terpyridine complexes (ZnLCl2, ZnLBr2, ZnLI2, ZnL(SCN)2) based on carbazole derivative group were designed, synthesized and fully characterized. Their photophysical properties including absorption and one-photon excited fluorescence, two-photon absorption (TPA) and optical power limiting (OPL) were further investigated systematically and interpreted on the basis of theoretical calculations (TD-DFT). The influences of different solvents on the absorption and One-Photon Excited Fluorescence (OPEF) spectral behavior, quantum yields and the lifetime of the chromophores have been investigated in detail. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated by open/closed aperture Z-scan measurements using femtosecond pulse laser in the range from 680 to 1080 nm. These results revealed that ZnLCl2 and ZnLBr2 exhibited strong two-photon absorption and ZnLCl2 showed superior optical power limiting property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Junshan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Shengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China.
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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268
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Richter C, Beu M, Schlettwein D. Influence of counter-anions during electrochemical deposition of ZnO on the charge transport dynamics in dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1883-90. [PMID: 25474267 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porous ZnO/EosinY films have been electrochemically deposited by oxygen reduction in the presence of a zinc salt from EosinY-containing aqueous solutions, with either chloride or perchlorate as the counter anion. EosinY was removed and the films were sensitised by D149. These electrodes were used for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSCs), and charge transport in the porous network was studied by intensity modulated current/voltage spectroscopy (IMVS/IMPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under illumination. Doping of ZnO during the electrodeposition could be proven by changes in the charge transport in ZnO and could be shown to occur when chloride was used as the counter ion. By using perchlorate as the counter ion, on the other hand, a more reproducible occupation of trap levels was obtained at, however, slightly lower voltages in DSCs whose origin is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Richter
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
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269
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Sherman MC, Corcelli SA. Thermal equilibrium properties of surface hopping with an implicit Langevin bath. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S. A. Corcelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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270
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Akimov AV, Jinnouchi R, Shirai S, Asahi R, Prezhdo OV. Theoretical Insights into the Impact of Ru Catalyst Anchors on the Efficiency of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Ta2O5. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:7186-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5080658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Akimov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - R. Jinnouchi
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - S. Shirai
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - R. Asahi
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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271
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Wang L, Prezhdo OV. Accurate and Efficient Quantum Chemistry by Locality of Chemical Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4317-4318. [PMID: 26273980 DOI: 10.1021/jz5024256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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272
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Urbani M, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Meso-substituted porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12330-96. [PMID: 25495339 DOI: 10.1021/cr5001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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273
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Migani A, Mowbray DJ, Zhao J, Petek H. Quasiparticle Interfacial Level Alignment of Highly Hybridized Frontier Levels: H2O on TiO2(110). J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 11:239-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500779s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Migani
- ICN2 - Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, ICN2 Building,
Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC - Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICN2 Building, Campus
UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Duncan J. Mowbray
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Center, Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU and DIPC, E-20018 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department
of Physics and ICQD/HFNL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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274
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Li W, Rego LGC, Bai FQ, Wang J, Jia R, Xie LM, Zhang HX. What Makes Hydroxamate a Promising Anchoring Group in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells? Insights from Theoretical Investigation. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3992-3999. [PMID: 26276483 DOI: 10.1021/jz501973d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report, from a theoretical point of view, the first comparative study between the highly water-stable hydroxamate and the widely used carboxylate, in addition to the robust phosphate anchors. Theoretical calculations reveal that hydroxamate would be better for photoabsorption. A quantum dynamics description of the interfacial electron transfer (IET), including the underlying nuclear motion effect, is presented. We find that both hydroxamate and carboxylate would have efficient IET character; for phosphate the injection time is significantly longer (several hundred femtoseconds). We also verified that the symmetry of the geometry of the anchoring group plays important roles in the electronic charge delocalization. We conclude that hydroxamate can be a promising anchoring group, as compared to carboxylate and phosphate, due to its better photoabsorption and comparable IET time scale as well as the experimental advantage of water stability. We expect the implications of these findings to be relevant for the design of more efficient anchoring groups for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- †Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Luis G C Rego
- ‡Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- †Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- †Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jia
- †Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Xie
- †Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- †Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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275
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Shuai Z, Wang D, Peng Q, Geng H. Computational evaluation of optoelectronic properties for organic/carbon materials. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3301-9. [PMID: 24702037 DOI: 10.1021/ar400306k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Organic optoelectronic materials are used in a variety of devices, including light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, spintronics, and chemico- and biosensors. The processes that determine the intrinsic optoelectronic properties occur either in the photoexcited states or within the electron-pumped charged species, and computations that predict these optical and electrical properties would help researchers design new materials. In this Account, we describe recent advances in related density functional theory (DFT) methods and present case studies that examine the efficiency of light emission, carrier mobility, and thermoelectric figures of merit by calculation of the electron-vibration couplings. First we present a unified vibrational correlation function formalism to evaluate the excited-state radiative decay rate constant kr, the nonradiative decay rate constant knr, the intersystem crossing rate constant kISC, and the optical spectra. The molecular parameters that appear in the formalism, such as the electronic excited-state energy, vibrational modes, and vibronic couplings, require extensive DFT calculations. We used experiments for anthracene at both low and ambient temperatures to benchmark the calculated photophysical parameters. In the framework of Fermi's golden rule, we incorporated the non-adiabatic coupling and the spin-orbit coupling to evaluate the phosphorescence efficiency and emission spectrum. Both of these are in good agreement with experimental results for anthracene and iridium compounds. Band electron scattering and relaxation processes within Boltzmann theory can describe charge transport in two-dimensional carbon materials and closely packed organic solids. For simplicity, we considered only the acoustic phonon scattering as modeled by the deformation potential approximation coupled with extensive DFT calculations for band structures. We then related the carrier mobility to the band-edge shift associated with the lattice dilation of longitudinal waves. The calculated relaxation time was in good agreement with experimental data for the graphene sheet, which supports the methodology. We then found that the intrinsic electron mobility for a 6,6,12-graphyne sheet can be even larger than that of graphene. We extended this approach to investigate the thermoelectric transport of electrons in metal phthalocyanines, which showed reasonable Seebeck coefficients when compared with experiments. For the thermal lattice transport, we employed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Combining both electron transport and lattice thermal conductivity, we can evaluate the thermoelectric figure of merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Shuai
- Department
of Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and
Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and
Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Geng
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Solids and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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276
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Haslinger S, Kück JW, Hahn EM, Cokoja M, Pöthig A, Basset JM, Kühn FE. Making Oxidation Potentials Predictable: Coordination of Additives Applied to the Electronic Fine Tuning of an Iron(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11573-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Haslinger
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jens W. Kück
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Eva M. Hahn
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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277
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Nieto-Pescador J, Abraham B, Gundlach L. Photoinduced Ultrafast Heterogeneous Electron Transfer at Molecule-Semiconductor Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3498-3507. [PMID: 26278600 DOI: 10.1021/jz501541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses recent developments in ultrafast electron transfer dynamics at interfaces between organic and inorganic materials. Heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) is a key process in important fields like catalysis and solar energy conversion. Furthermore, the solid state nature of the systems gives control over relevant parameters and allows for investigating excited state dynamics and electron transfer processes in unprecedented detail. Progress in synthesis, sample preparation, and instrumentation makes it possible to provide experimental proof of recent prediction from theory concerning the adiabaticity of the reaction and the influence of coherence. A short recapitulation of the field is followed by a discussion of recent experimental efforts that allowed for studying HET, particularly focusing on the influence of energetics and vibrational dynamics.
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278
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Pacchioni G. First Principles Calculations on Oxide-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts and Photocatalysts: Problems and Advances. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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279
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Akimov AV, Prezhdo OV. Second-quantized surface hopping. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:153003. [PMID: 25375709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The trajectory surface hopping method for quantum dynamics is reformulated in the space of many-particle states to include entanglement and correlation of trajectories. Used to describe many-body correlation effects in electronic structure theories, second quantization is applied to semiclassical trajectories. The new method allows coupling between individual trajectories via energy flow and common phase evolution. It captures the properties of a wave packet, such as branching, Heisenberg uncertainty, and decoherence. Applied to a superexchange process, the method shows very accurate results, comparable to exact quantum data and improving greatly on the standard approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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280
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281
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Hu S, Yang L, Tian Y, Wei X, Ding J, Zhong J, Chu PK. Non-covalent doping of graphitic carbon nitride with ultrathin graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets: An effective binary heterojunction photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 431:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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282
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Gajdos F, Valner S, Hoffmann F, Spencer J, Breuer M, Kubas A, Dupuis M, Blumberger J. Ultrafast Estimation of Electronic Couplings for Electron Transfer between π-Conjugated Organic Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:4653-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500527v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Gajdos
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Siim Valner
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Felix Hoffmann
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse
150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jacob Spencer
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Marian Breuer
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Adam Kubas
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Michel Dupuis
- Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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283
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Matsuda M, Nishi M, Koga S, Fujishima M, Hoshino N, Akutagawa T, Hasegawa H. Novel method for the fabrication of a charge-transfer complex crystal by photoirradiation. Chemistry 2014; 20:11318-21. [PMID: 25048397 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the fabrication of a charge-transfer complex crystal was developed. Photoirradiation of a solution of TPP[Co(tbp)(CN)(2)] and TPP[Co(Pc)(CN)(2)] (tbp=tetrabenzoporphyrin, Pc=phthalocyanine, TPP=tetraphenylphosphonium) gave a molecular conducting crystal of a charge-transfer complex TPP[Co(tbp)(CN)(2)](2), which was produced by the process in which the photoexcited electron in tbp was transferred from the LUMO of tbp to that of Pc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto 860-8555 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 96-342-3372.
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284
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Huang S, Kilin DS. Charge Transfer, Luminescence, and Phonon Bottleneck in TiO2 Nanowires Computed by Eigenvectors of Liouville Superoperator. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:3996-4005. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5004093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Dmitri S. Kilin
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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285
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Huang S, Inerbaev TM, Kilin DS. Excited State Dynamics of Ru10 Cluster Interfacing Anatase TiO2(101) Surface and Liquid Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2823-2829. [PMID: 26278085 DOI: 10.1021/jz501221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer dynamics at the interface of supported metal nanocluster and liquid water by GGA+U calculations combined with density matrix formalism is considered. The Ru10 cluster introduces new states into the band gap of TiO2 surface, narrows the band gap of TiO2, and enhances the absorption strength. The H2O adsorption significantly enhances the intensity of photon absorption, which is due to the formation of Ti-O(water) and Ru-O(water) bonds at the interfaces. The Ru10 cluster promotes the dissociation of water, facilitates charge transfer, and increases the relaxation rates of holes and electrons. We expect that our results are helpful in understanding basic processes contributing to photoelectrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Huang
- †Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Talgat M Inerbaev
- ‡L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan str., 2, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitri S Kilin
- †Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
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286
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Coromelci-Pastravanu C, Ignat M, Popovici E, Harabagiu V. TiO2-coated mesoporous carbon: conventional vs. microwave-annealing process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 278:382-90. [PMID: 24997254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of coating mesoporous carbon materials with titanium oxide nanoparticles is now becoming a promising and challenging area of research. To optimize the use of carbon materials in various applications, it is necessary to attach functional groups or other nanostructures to their surface. The combination of the distinctive properties of mesoporous carbon materials and titanium oxide is expected to be applied in field emission displays, nanoelectronic devices, novel catalysts, and polymer or ceramic reinforcement. But, their synthesis is still largely based on conventional techniques, such as wet impregnation followed by chemical reduction of the metal nanoparticle precursors, which takes time and money. The thermal heating based techniques are time consuming and often lack control of particle size and morphology. Hence, since there is a growing interest in microwave technology, an alternative way of power input into chemical reactions through dielectric heating is the use of microwaves. This work is focused on the advantages of microwave-assisted synthesis of TiO2-coated mesoporous carbon over conventional thermal heating method. The reviewed studies showed that the microwave-assisted synthesis of such composites allows processes to be completed within a shorter reaction time allowing the nanoparticles formation with superior properties than that obtained by conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Coromelci-Pastravanu
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University, Boulevard, Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Ignat
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University, Boulevard, Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Evelini Popovici
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University, Boulevard, Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeria Harabagiu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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287
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Ju MG, Sun G, Wang J, Meng Q, Liang W. Origin of high photocatalytic properties in the mixed-phase TiO2: a first-principles theoretical study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12885-12892. [PMID: 24964379 DOI: 10.1021/am502830m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a step-by-step theoretical protocol based on the first-principles methods to reveal the insight into the origin of the high photocatalytic activity achieved by the mixed-phase TiO2, consisting of anatase and rutile. The interfacial geometries, density of states, charge densities, optical absorption spectrum, electrostatic potential, and band offsets have been calculated. The most stable mixed-phase structures have been identified, the interfacial tensile strain-dependent electronic structures have been observed, and the energy level diagram of band alignment has been given. We find that the geometrical reconstruction around the interfacial area has a negligible influence on the light absorption of the heterojunction and the interfacial sites seem not to dominantly contribute to the band-edge states. For the most stable heterojunction, the calculated valence-band maximum and conduction-band minimum of rutile, respectively, lie 0.52 and 0.22 eV above those of anatase, which agrees well with the experimental measurements and other theoretical predications. The good match of band energies to reaction requirements, large driving force for the charge immigration across the interface, and the difference of electrostatic potentials around the interface successfully explain the high photocatalytic activity achieved by the mixed-phase TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Ju
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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288
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Wu G, Li Z, Zhang X, Lu G. Charge Separation and Exciton Dynamics at Polymer/ZnO Interface from First-Principles Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2649-2656. [PMID: 26277958 DOI: 10.1021/jz500980q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge separation and exciton dynamics play a crucial role in determining the performance of excitonic photovoltaics. Using time-dependent density functional theory with a range-separated exchange-correlation functional as well as nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics, we have studied the formation and dynamics of charge-transfer (CT) excitons at polymer/ZnO interface. The interfacial atomic structure, exciton density of states and conversions between exciton species are examined from first-principles. The exciton dynamics exhibits both adiabatic and nonadiabatic characters. While the adiabatic transitions are facilitated by C═C vibrations along the polymer (P3HT) backbone, the nonadiabatic transitions are realized by exciton hopping between the excited states. We find that the localized ZnO surface states lead to localized low-energy CT states and poor charge separation. In contrast, the surface states of crystalline C60 are indistinguishable from the bulk states, resulting in delocalized CT states and efficient charge separation in polymer/fullerene (P3HT/PCBM) heterojunctions. The hot CT states are found to cool down in an ultrafast time scale and may not play a major role in charge separation of P3HT/ZnO. Finally we suggest that the dimensions of nanostructured acceptors can be tuned to obtain both efficient charge separation and high open circuit voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfen Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Zi Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330-8268, United States
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289
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Ip CM, Eleuteri A, Troisi A. Predicting with confidence the efficiency of new dyes in dye sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19106-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03124e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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290
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Bi W, Ye C, Xiao C, Tong W, Zhang X, Shao W, Xie Y. Spatial location engineering of oxygen vacancies for optimized photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2820-5, 2742. [PMID: 24623574 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced H2 evolution efficiency is achieved via manipulating the spatial location of oxygen vacancies in niobates. The ultrathin K4 Nb6O17 nanosheets which are rich in surface oxygen vacancies show enhanced optical absorption and band gap narrowing. Meanwhile, the fast charge separation effectively reduces the probability of hole-electron recombination, enabling 20 times hydrogen evolution rate compared with the defect-free bulk counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentuan Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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291
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Sun M, Cao Z. DFT and TD-DFT studies on osmacycle dyes with tunable photoelectronic properties for solar cells. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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292
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Theoretical studies on organic D-π-A sensitizers with planar triphenylamine donor and different π-linkers for dyes-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2309. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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293
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Sun XL, Zhu QY, Mu WQ, Qian LW, Yu L, Wu J, Bian GQ, Dai J. Ion pair charge-transfer thiogermanate salts [MV]2Ge4S10·xSol: solvent induced crystal transformation and photocurrent responsive properties. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:12582-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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294
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Wang L, Trivedi D, Prezhdo OV. Global Flux Surface Hopping Approach for Mixed Quantum-Classical Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:3598-605. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5003835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Dhara Trivedi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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295
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Li L, Giokas PG, Kanai Y, Moran AM. Modeling time-coincident ultrafast electron transfer and solvation processes at molecule-semiconductor interfaces. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:234109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4882664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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296
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Han L, Zhong X, Liang W, Zhao Y. Energy relaxation and separation of a hot electron-hole pair in organic aggregates from a time-dependent wavepacket diffusion method. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4879955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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297
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Falke SM, Rozzi CA, Brida D, Maiuri M, Amato M, Sommer E, De Sio A, Rubio A, Cerullo G, Molinari E, Lienau C. Coherent ultrafast charge transfer in an organic photovoltaic blend. Science 2014; 344:1001-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1249771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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298
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Akimov AV, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Coherence penalty functional: A simple method for adding decoherence in Ehrenfest dynamics. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:194107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4875702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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299
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Rasmussen AM, Ramakrishna S, Weiss EA, Seideman T. Theory of ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer from a bulk semiconductor to a quantum dot. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:144102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4870335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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300
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Ghosh S, Horvath S, Soudackov AV, Hammes-Schiffer S. Electrochemical Solvent Reorganization Energies in the Framework of the Polarizable Continuum Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2091-102. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Samantha Horvath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander V. Soudackov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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