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miR-133b, a particular member of myomiRs, coming into playing its unique pathological role in human cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50193-50208. [PMID: 28422730 PMCID: PMC5564843 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a family of single-stranded and non-coding RNAs, play a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional level, by which it can mediate various types of physiological and pathological process in normal developmental progress and human disease, including cancer. The microRNA-133b originally defined as canonical muscle-specific microRNAs considering their function to the development and health of mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscles, but new findings coming from our group and others revealed that miR-133b have frequently abnormal expression in various kinds of human cancer and its complex complicated regulatory networks affects the tumorigenicity and development of malignant tumors. Very few existing reviews on miR-133b, until now, are principally about its role in homologous cluster (miR-1, −133 and -206s), however, most of constantly emerging new researches now are focused mainly on one of them, so In this article, to highlight the unique pathological role of miR-133b playing in tumor, we conduct a review to summarize the current understanding about one of the muscle-specific microRNAs, namely miR-133b, acting in human cancer. The review focused on the following four aspects: the overview of miR-133b, the target genes of miR-133b involved in human cancer, the expression of miR-133b and regulatory mechanisms leading to abnormal expression of miR-133b.
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252
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Goda AA, Siddique AB, Mohyeldin M, Ayoub NM, El Sayed KA. The Maxi-K (BK) Channel Antagonist Penitrem A as a Novel Breast Cancer-Targeted Therapeutic. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050157. [PMID: 29751615 PMCID: PMC5983288 DOI: 10.3390/md16050157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes. The high conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK, Maxi-K channels) play an important role in the survival of some BC phenotypes, via membrane hyperpolarization and regulation of cell cycle. BK channels have been implicated in BC cell proliferation and invasion. Penitrems are indole diterpene alkaloids produced by various terrestrial and marine Penicillium species. Penitrem A (1) is a selective BK channel antagonist with reported antiproliferative and anti-invasive activities against multiple malignancies, including BC. This study reports the high expression of BK channel in different BC subtypes. In silico BK channel binding affinity correlates with the antiproliferative activities of selected penitrem analogs. 1 showed the best binding fitting at multiple BK channel crystal structures, targeting the calcium-sensing aspartic acid moieties at the calcium bowel and calcium binding sites. Further, 1 reduced the levels of BK channel expression and increased expression of TNF-α in different BC cell types. Penitrem A (1) induced G1 cell cycle arrest of BC cells, and induced upregulation of the arrest protein p27. Combination treatment of 1 with targeted anti-HER drugs resulted in synergistic antiproliferative activity, which was associated with reduced EGFR and HER2 receptor activation, as well as reduced active forms of AKT and STAT3. Collectively, the BK channel antagonists represented by penitrem A can be novel sensitizing, chemotherapeutics synergizing, and therapeutic agents for targeted BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Goda
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Mohamed Mohyeldin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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Muzzio NE, Carballido M, Pasquale MA, González PH, Azzaroni O, Arvia AJ. Morphology and dynamics of tumor cell colonies propagating in epidermal growth factor supplemented media. Phys Biol 2018; 15:046001. [PMID: 29624182 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aabc2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. This work reports on the influence of EGF concentration (c EGF) on the modulation of individual cell phenotype and cell colony kinetics with the aim of perturbing the colony front roughness fluctuations. For this purpose, HeLa cell colonies that remain confluent along the whole expansion process with initial quasi-radial geometry and different initial cell populations, as well as colonies with initial quasi-linear geometry and large cell population, are employed. Cell size and morphology as well as its adhesive characteristics depend on c EGF. Quasi-radial colonies (QRC) expansion kinetics in EGF-containing medium exhibits a complex behavior. Namely, at the first stages of growth, the average QRC radius evolution can be described by a t 1/2 diffusion term coupled with exponential growth kinetics up to a critical time, and afterwards a growth regime approaching constant velocity. The extension of each regime depends on c EGF and colony history. In the presence of EGF, the initial expansion of quasi-linear colonies (QLCs) also exhibits morphological changes at both the cell and the colony levels. In these cases, the cell density at the colony border region becomes smaller than in the absence of EGF and consequently, the extension of the effective rim where cell duplication and motility contribute to the colony expansion increases. QLC front displacement velocity increases with c EGF up to a maximum value in the 2-10 ng ml-1 range. Individual cell velocity is increased by EGF, and an enhancement in both the persistence and the ballistic characteristics of cell trajectories can be distinguished. For an intermediate c EGF, collective cell displacements contribute to the roughening of the colony contours. This global dynamics becomes compatible with the standard Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth model, although a faster colony roughness saturation in EGF-containing medium than in the control medium is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Muzzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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254
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Richani D, Gilchrist RB. The epidermal growth factor network: role in oocyte growth, maturation and developmental competence. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:1-14. [PMID: 29029246 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The LH surge induces great physiological changes within the preovulatory follicle, which culminate in the ovulation of a mature oocyte that is capable of supporting embryo and foetal development. However, unlike mural granulosa cells, the oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells are not directly responsive to LH, indicating that the LH signal is mediated by secondary factors produced by the granulosa cells. The mechanisms by which the oocyte senses the ovulatory LH signal and hence prepares for ovulation has been a subject of considerable controversy for the past four decades. Within the last 15 years several significant insights have been made into the molecular mechanisms orchestrating oocyte development, maturation and ovulation. These findings centre on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway and the role it plays in the complex signalling network that finely regulates oocyte maturation and ovulation. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review outlines the role of the EGF network during oocyte development and regulation of the ovulatory cascade, and in particular focuses on the effect of the EGF network on oocyte developmental competence. Application of this new knowledge to advances in ART is examined. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was used to search for peer-reviewed original and review articles concerning the EGF network. Publications offering a comprehensive description of the role of the EGF network in follicle and oocyte development were used. OUTCOMES It is now clear that acute upregulation of the EGF network is an essential component of the ovulatory cascade as it transmits the LH signal from the periphery of the follicle to the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC). More recent findings have elucidated new roles for the EGF network in the regulation of oocyte development. EGF signalling downregulates the somatic signal 3'5'-cyclic guanine monophosphate that suppresses oocyte meiotic maturation and simultaneously provides meiotic inducing signals. The EGF network also controls translation of maternal transcripts in the quiescent oocyte, a process that is integral to oocyte competence. As a means of restricting the ovulatory signal to the Graffian follicle, most COCs in the ovary are unresponsive to EGF-ligands. Recent studies have revealed that development of a functional EGF signalling network in cumulus cells requires dual endocrine (FSH) and oocyte paracrine cues (growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15), and this occurs progressively in COCs during the last stages of folliculogenesis. Hence, a new concept to emerge is that cumulus cell acquisition of EGF receptor responsiveness represents a developmental hallmark in folliculogenesis, analogous to FSH-induction of LH receptor signalling in mural granulosa cells. Likewise, this event represents a major milestone in the oocyte's developmental progression and acquisition of developmental competence. It is now clear that EGF signalling is perturbed in COCs matured in vitro. This has inspired novel concepts in IVM systems to ameliorate this perturbation, resulting in improved oocyte developmental competence. WIDER IMPLICATIONS An oocyte of high quality is imperative for fertility. Elucidating the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanims by which the EGF network regulates oocyte maturation and ovulation can be expected to open new opportunities in ART. This knowledge has already led to advances in oocyte IVM in animal models. Translation of such advances into a clinical setting should increase the efficacy of IVM, making it a viable treatment option for a wide range of patients, thereby simplifying fertility treatment and bringing substantial cost and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulama Richani
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Buiga P, Elson A, Tabernero L, Schwartz JM. Regulation of dual specificity phosphatases in breast cancer during initial treatment with Herceptin: a Boolean model analysis. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2018; 12:11. [PMID: 29671404 PMCID: PMC5907139 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-018-0534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background 25% of breast cancer patients suffer from aggressive HER2-positive tumours that are characterised by overexpression of the HER2 protein or by its increased tyrosine kinase activity. Herceptin is a major drug used to treat HER2 positive breast cancer. Understanding the molecular events that occur when breast cancer cells are exposed to Herceptin is therefore of significant importance. Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are central regulators of cell signalling that function downstream of HER2, but their role in the cellular response to Herceptin is mostly unknown. This study aims to model the initial effects of Herceptin exposure on DUSPs in HER2-positive breast cancer cells using Boolean modelling. Results We experimentally measured expression time courses of 21 different DUSPs between 0 and 24 h following Herceptin treatment of human MDA-MB-453 HER2-positive breast cancer cells. We clustered these time courses into patterns of similar dynamics over time. In parallel, we built a series of Boolean models representing the known regulatory mechanisms of DUSPs and then demonstrated that the dynamics predicted by the models is in agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, we used the models to predict regulatory mechanisms of DUSPs, where these mechanisms were partially known. Conclusions Boolean modelling is a powerful technique to investigate and understand signalling pathways. We obtained an understanding of different regulatory pathways in breast cancer and new insights on how these signalling pathways are activated. This method can be generalized to other drugs and longer time courses to better understand how resistance to drugs develops in cancer cells over time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12918-018-0534-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Buiga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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256
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Sooro MA, Zhang N, Zhang P. Targeting EGFR-mediated autophagy as a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2116-2125. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mopa Alina Sooro
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225001 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases; Medical College, Yangzhou University; Yangzhou 225001 China
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257
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Hernandez-Armenta C, Ochoa D, Gonçalves E, Saez-Rodriguez J, Beltrao P. Benchmarking substrate-based kinase activity inference using phosphoproteomic data. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:1845-1851. [PMID: 28200105 PMCID: PMC5870625 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Phosphoproteomic experiments are increasingly used to study the changes in signaling occurring across different conditions. It has been proposed that changes in phosphorylation of kinase target sites can be used to infer when a kinase activity is under regulation. However, these approaches have not yet been benchmarked due to a lack of appropriate benchmarking strategies. Results We used curated phosphoproteomic experiments and a gold standard dataset containing a total of 184 kinase-condition pairs where regulation is expected to occur to benchmark and compare different kinase activity inference strategies: Z-test, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and a multiple linear regression model. We also tested weighted variants of the Z-test and GSEA that include information on kinase sequence specificity as proxy for affinity. Finally, we tested how the number of known substrates and the type of evidence (in vivo, in vitro or in silico) supporting these influence the predictions. Conclusions Most models performed well with the Z-test and the GSEA performing best as determined by the area under the ROC curve (Mean AUC = 0.722). Weighting kinase targets by the kinase target sequence preference improves the results marginally. However, the number of known substrates and the evidence supporting the interactions has a strong effect on the predictions. Availability and Implementation The KSEA implementation is available in https://github.com/ evocellnet/ksea. Additional data is available in http://phosfate.com Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Ochoa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Emanuel Gonçalves
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK.,RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Wendlingweg 2, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, UK
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258
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Wang Q, Hao R, Zhao X, Huang R, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Chen W, Du X. Identification of EGFR in pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) and correlation analysis of its expression and growth traits. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1073-1080. [PMID: 29621937 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1459174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine pearl production is directly influenced by the growth speed of Pinctada fucata martensii. However, the slow growth rate of this organism remains the main challenge in aquaculture production. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), an important receptor of tyrosine kinases in animals, plays versatile functions in development, growth and tissue regeneration. In this study, we described the characteristic and function of an EGFR gene identified from P. f. martensii (PmEGFR). PmEGFR possesses a typical EGFR structure and is expressed in all studied tissues, with the highest expression level in adductor muscle. PmEGFR expression level is significantly higher in the fast-growing group than that in the slow-growing one. Correlation analysis represents that shell height and shell weight show positive correlation with PmEGFR expression (p < 0.05), and total weight and tissue weight exhibit positive correlation with it (p < 0.01). This study indicates that PmEGFR is a valuable functional gene associated with growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingheng Wang
- a Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,b Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology, Research Centre of Guangdong Province , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- a Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- c Environment Protection Monitoring Station, Environmental Protection Agency of Zhanjiang , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Ronglian Huang
- a Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,b Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology, Research Centre of Guangdong Province , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- a Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,b Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology, Research Centre of Guangdong Province , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- a Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,b Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology, Research Centre of Guangdong Province , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Weiyao Chen
- b Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology, Research Centre of Guangdong Province , Zhanjiang , China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- a Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,b Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology, Research Centre of Guangdong Province , Zhanjiang , China
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259
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Miao T, Wang J, Zeng Y, Liu G, Chen X. Polysaccharide-Based Controlled Release Systems for Therapeutics Delivery and Tissue Engineering: From Bench to Bedside. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700513. [PMID: 29721408 PMCID: PMC5908359 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides or polymeric carbohydrate molecules are long chains of monosaccharides that are linked by glycosidic bonds. The naturally based structural materials are widely applied in biomedical applications. This article covers four different types of polysaccharides (i.e., alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and dextran) and emphasizes their chemical modification, preparation approaches, preclinical studies, and clinical translations. Different cargo fabrication techniques are also presented in the third section. Recent progresses in preclinical applications are then discussed, including tissue engineering and treatment of diseases in both therapeutic and monitoring aspects. Finally, clinical translational studies with ongoing clinical trials are summarized and reviewed. The promise of new development in nanotechnology and polysaccharide chemistry helps clinical translation of polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine and theMedical and Scientific Research CenterGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning530021China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Department of PharmacologyXiamen Medical CollegeXiamen361008China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologyInnovation Center for Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & InstrumentationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and NanomedicineNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
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260
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Wang L, Yan J, Yan J, Xu H, Zhang D, Wang X, Sheng J. Expression and purification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 144:33-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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261
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Ferreira GR, Nakaya HI, Costa LDF. Gene regulatory and signaling networks exhibit distinct topological distributions of motifs. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:042417. [PMID: 29758668 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.042417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological processes of cellular decision making and differentiation involve a plethora of signaling pathways and gene regulatory circuits. These networks in turn exhibit a multitude of motifs playing crucial parts in regulating network activity. Here we compare the topological placement of motifs in gene regulatory and signaling networks and observe that it suggests different evolutionary strategies in motif distribution for distinct cellular subnetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helder Imoto Nakaya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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262
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Kim S, Barzi A, Rajdev L. Biomarker-driven targeted therapies for gastric/gastro-esophageal junction malignancies. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:133-150. [PMID: 30262395 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal malignancies often contain high amounts of genetic and molecular alterations that result in an aggressive disease capable of rapidly metastasizing to distant organs and early development of drug resistance. Most patients in the Western hemisphere present with locally advanced or metastatic disease that is treated with systemic chemotherapy used either in the neoadjuvant or palliative setting, respectively. This article will review the various recent advances in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Kim
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Afsaneh Barzi
- Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California
| | - Lakshmi Rajdev
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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263
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Abstract
A major endeavor of systems biology is the construction of graphical and computational models of biological pathways as a means to better understand their structure and function. Here, we present a protocol for a biologist-friendly graphical modeling scheme that facilitates the construction of detailed network diagrams, summarizing the components of a biological pathway (such as proteins and biochemicals) and illustrating how they interact. These diagrams can then be used to simulate activity flow through a pathway, thereby modeling its dynamic behavior. The protocol is divided into four sections: (i) assembly of network diagrams using the modified Edinburgh Pathway Notation (mEPN) scheme and yEd network editing software with pathway information obtained from published literature and databases of molecular interaction data; (ii) parameterization of the pathway model within yEd through the placement of 'tokens' on the basis of the known or imputed amount or activity of a component; (iii) model testing through visualization and quantitative analysis of the movement of tokens through the pathway, using the network analysis tool Graphia Professional and (iv) optimization of model parameterization and experimentation. This is the first modeling approach that combines a sophisticated notation scheme for depicting biological events at the molecular level with a Petri net-based flow simulation algorithm and a powerful visualization engine with which to observe the dynamics of the system being modeled. Unlike many mathematical approaches to modeling pathways, it does not require the construction of a series of equations or rate constants for model parameterization. Depending on a model's complexity and the availability of information, its construction can take days to months, and, with refinement, possibly years. However, once assembled and parameterized, a simulation run, even on a large model, typically takes only seconds. Models constructed using this approach provide a means of knowledge management, information exchange and, through the computation simulation of their dynamic activity, generation and testing of hypotheses, as well as prediction of a system's behavior when perturbed.
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264
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The impact of ERBB-family germline single nucleotide polymorphisms on survival response to adjuvant trastuzumab treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75518-75525. [PMID: 27776352 PMCID: PMC5342757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trastuzumab treatment for women with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) resulted in the significant improvement of both relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). However, many women who are classified as HER2-positive do not respond. Many studies have focused on the role of somatic mutations rather than germline polymorphisms in trastuzumab resistance. Results We completed an Agena MassArray screen of 10 ERBB-family single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 194 adjuvant trastuzumab treated HER2-positive BC patients. SNPs in EGFR genes have a significant association with RFS and OS. Patients with the minor allele of EGFR N158N had significantly worse OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.01, (confidence interval (CI) = 1.53– 10.69), p = 0.05) relative to those with either the heterozygous or wild-type (WT) allele. Patients with the minor allele of EGFR T903T (HR = 3.52, (CI = 1.38– 8.97), p = 0.05) had worse RFS relative to those with either the heterozygous or WT allele. Patients and methods Using next generation sequencing (NGS) we identified ERBB-family (EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occurred in 2 or more patients of a 32 HER2-positive BC patient cohort. Agena MassArray analysis confirmed the frequency of these SNPs in 194 women with HER2-positive BC who received trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting. Using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analysis we correlated the presence of ERBB-family SNPs with both RFS and OS. Conclusions The presence of germline ERBB-family SNPs may play an important role in how a patient responds to adjuvant trastuzumab, and clinical assessment of these SNPs by targeted genetic screening of patients' blood may be important to stratify patients for treatment.
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265
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Pornchai S, Chirappapha P, Pipatsakulroj W, Lertsithichai P, Vassanasiri W, Sitathanee C, Kongdan Y, Sukarayothin T, Leesombatpaiboon M. Malignant transformation of phyllodes tumor: a case report and review of literature. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:678-685. [PMID: 29636939 PMCID: PMC5889262 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant phyllodes may transform from benign phyllodes; low-aggressive malignant phyllodes tumor is manageable by locally wide excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suragit Pornchai
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Prakasit Chirappapha
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Wiriya Pipatsakulroj
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Panuwat Lertsithichai
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Watoo Vassanasiri
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Chomporn Sitathanee
- Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Youwanush Kongdan
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Thongchai Sukarayothin
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Monchai Leesombatpaiboon
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
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266
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Song JM, Anandharaj A, Upadhyaya P, Kirtane AR, Kim JH, Hong KH, Panyam J, Kassie F. Honokiol suppresses lung tumorigenesis by targeting EGFR and its downstream effectors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57752-57769. [PMID: 27458163 PMCID: PMC5295387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly deregulated in pre-malignant lung epithelium, targeting EGFR may arrest the development of lung cancer. Here, we showed that honokiol (2.5–7.5 μM), a bioactive compound of Magnolia officinalis, differentially suppressed proliferation (up to 93%) and induced apoptosis (up to 61%) of EGFR overexpressing tumorigenic bronchial cells and these effects were paralleled by downregulation of phospho-EGFR, phospho-Akt, phospho-STAT3 and cell cycle-related proteins as early as 6–12 h post-treatment. Autocrine secretion of EGF sensitized 1170 cells to the effects of honokiol. Molecular docking studies indicated that honokiol binds to the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR although it was less efficient than erlotinib. However, the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of honokiol were stronger than those of erlotinib. Upon combinatory treatment, honokiol sensitized bronchial cells and erlotinib resistant H1650 and H1975 cells to erlotinib. Furthermore, in a mouse lung tumor bioassay, intranasal instillation of liposomal honokiol (5 mg/kg) for 14 weeks reduced the size and multiplicity (49%) of lung tumors and the level of total- and phospho-EGFR, phospho-Akt and phospho-STAT3. Overall, our results indicate that honokiol is a promising candidate to suppress the development and even progression of lung tumors driven by EGFR deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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267
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Ye H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Liu Q, Wei J. Ranking novel cancer driving synthetic lethal gene pairs using TCGA data. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55352-55367. [PMID: 27438146 PMCID: PMC5342422 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality (SL) has emerged as a promising approach to cancer therapy. In contrast to the costly and labour-intensive genome-wide siRNA or CRISPR-based human cell line screening approaches, computational approaches to prioritize potential synthetic lethality pairs for further experimental validation represent an attractive alternative. In this study, we propose an efficient and comprehensive in-silico pipeline to rank novel SL gene pairs by mining vast amounts of accumulated tumor high-throughput sequencing data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), coupled with other protein interaction networks and cell line information. Our pipeline integrates three significant features, including mutation coverage in TCGA, driver mutation probability and the quantified cancer network information centrality, into a ranking model for SL gene pair identification, which is presented as the first learning-based method for SL identification. As a result, 107 potential SL gene pairs were obtained from the top 10 results covering 11 cancers. Functional analysis of these genes indicated that several promising pathways were identified, including the DNA repair related Fanconi Anemia pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. In addition, 4 SL pairs, mTOR-TP53, VEGFR2-TP53, EGFR-TP53, ATM-PRKCA, were validated using drug sensitivity information in the cancer cell line databases CCLE or NCI60. Interestingly, significant differences in the cell growth of mTOR siRNA or EGFR siRNA knock-down were detected between cancer cells with wild type TP53 and mutant TP53. Our study indicates that the pre-screening of potential SL gene pairs based on the large genomics data repertoire of tumor tissues and cancer cell lines could substantially expedite the identification of synthetic lethal gene pairs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ye
- R&D Information, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yunqin Chen
- R&D Information, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Wei
- R&D Information, AstraZeneca, Shanghai, China
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268
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Fisher SA, Tam RY, Fokina A, Mahmoodi MM, Distefano MD, Shoichet MS. Photo-immobilized EGF chemical gradients differentially impact breast cancer cell invasion and drug response in defined 3D hydrogels. Biomaterials 2018; 178:751-766. [PMID: 29452913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cell invasion is influenced by growth factor concentration gradients in the tumor microenvironment. However, studying the influence of growth factor gradients on breast cancer cell invasion is challenging due to both the complexities of in vivo models and the difficulties in recapitulating the tumor microenvironment with defined gradients using in vitro models. A defined hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel crosslinked with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavable peptides and modified with multiphoton labile nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) was synthesized to photochemically immobilize epidermal growth factor (EGF) gradients. We demonstrate that EGF gradients can differentially influence breast cancer cell invasion and drug response in cell lines with different EGF receptor (EGFR) expression levels. Photopatterned EGF gradients increase the invasion of moderate EGFR expressing MDA-MB-231 cells, reduce invasion of high EGFR expressing MDA-MB-468 cells, and have no effect on invasion of low EGFR-expressing MCF-7 cells. We evaluate MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell response to the clinically tested EGFR inhibitor, cetuximab. Interestingly, the cellular response to cetuximab is completely different on the EGF gradient hydrogels: cetuximab decreases MDA-MB-231 cell invasion but increases MDA-MB-468 cell invasion and cell number, thus demonstrating the importance of including cell-microenvironment interactions when evaluating drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Fisher
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Roger Y Tam
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ana Fokina
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - M Mohsen Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455, USA
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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269
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Amanam I, Chung V. Targeted Therapies for Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E36. [PMID: 29382159 PMCID: PMC5836068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer related death and by 2030, it will be second only to lung cancer. We have seen tremendous advances in therapies for lung cancer as well as other solid tumors using a molecular targeted approach but our progress in treating pancreatic cancer has been incremental with median overall survival remaining less than one year. There is an urgent need for improved therapies with better efficacy and less toxicity. Small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and immune modulatory therapies have been used. Here we review the progress that we have made with these targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoroenyi Amanam
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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270
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Zhao XM, Li S. HISP: a hybrid intelligent approach for identifying directed signaling pathways. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:453-462. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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271
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Heare JE, White SJ, Vadopalas B, Roberts SB. Differential response to stress in Ostrea lurida as measured by gene expression. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4261. [PMID: 29362695 PMCID: PMC5772385 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Olympia oysters are the only oyster native to the west coast of North America. The population within Puget Sound, WA has been decreasing significantly since the early 1900’s. Current restoration efforts are focused on supplementing local populations with hatchery bred oysters. A recent study by Heare et al. (2017) has shown differences in stress response in oysters from different locations in Puget Sound however, nothing is known about the underlying mechanisms associated with these observed differences. In this study, expression of genes associated with growth, immune function, and gene regulatory activity in oysters from Oyster Bay, Dabob Bay, and Fidalgo Bay were characterized following temperature and mechanical stress. We found that heat stress and mechanical stress significantly changed expression in molecular regulatory activity and immune response, respectively. We also found that oysters from Oyster Bay had the most dramatic response to stress at the gene expression level. These data provide important baseline information on the physiological response of Ostrea lurida to stress and provide clues to underlying performance differences in the three populations examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Emerson Heare
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Samuel J White
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brent Vadopalas
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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272
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Piperonylic acid stimulates keratinocyte growth and survival by activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Sci Rep 2018; 8:162. [PMID: 29317682 PMCID: PMC5760518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. The biological benefits of EGF have been utilized in medical uses for improving wound healing as well as in today’s skin cosmetics. EGF has been found in urine, saliva, milk, and plasma, but its efficient isolation remains a difficult task. With technical advances, recombinant protein purification technique has been used for EGF production. However, the recombinant EGF is still expensive and keeping it with stable activity is difficult to be used widely. Thus, a molecule that can mimic the EGF activity would be a useful alternative of EGF. Herein, we have discovered that a natural small molecule piperonylic acid shows EGF-like activity in HaCaT keratinocytes. Piperonylic acid induced EGF receptor (EGFR) activation and resulted in serial activation of the downstream modulators. The activated signaling pathway eventually up-regulated gene expression of egr-1, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc, which are involved in cell growth and survival. Moreover, piperonylic acid showed promoting role in keratinocyte growth and survival from UVB-induced cellular damages. This study has revealed the EGF-like activity of piperonylic acid and proposed that the piperonylic acid could be a promising component for skin wound healing agents or cosmetic ingredient.
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273
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Abstract
Rho GTPases such as the canonical Rac1 and RhoA are embedded within complex networks requiring the precise spatiotemporal balance of GEFs, GAPs, upstream regulators, growth factors, and downstream effectors. A modeling approach based on Boolean logical networks is becoming an increasingly relied-upon tool to harness this complexity and elucidate further details regarding Rho GTPase signaling. In this methods chapter we describe how to initially create appropriately sized networks based on literature evidence; formalize these networks with reactions based on Boolean logical operators; implement the network into appropriate simulation software (CellNetAnalyzer); and finally perform simulations and make novel, testable predictions via in silico knockouts. Given this predictive power, the Boolean approach may ultimately help to highlight potential future avenues of experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H R Hetmanski
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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274
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Martins M, Mansinho A, Cruz-Duarte R, Martins SL, Costa L. Anti-EGFR Therapy to Treat Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Not for All. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1110:113-131. [PMID: 30623369 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02771-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cetuximab and panitumumab, which target the transmembrane protein epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mark a major step forward in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, this therapeutic progress proved to be effective only in a very restricted subset of patients. Although several mechanisms of resistance, both primary and acquired, have been identified, the only established predictive tumour biomarker for the treatment of mCRC patients is the RAS mutational status. RAS activating mutations predict a lack of response to these therapies while low levels of primary resistance characterize RAS wild type (WT) patients (only about 15%). However, even WT patients that initially respond to anti-EGFR therapy, eventually undergo tumour progression. In this context, there is still more to be done in the search for effective predictive markers with therapeutic applicability. In this chapter, we provide an overview on the mechanisms that contribute to resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy and highlight what is still missing in our understanding of these molecular mechanisms and approaches to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - André Mansinho
- Oncology Division, Santa Maria Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Cruz-Duarte
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Soraia Lobo Martins
- Oncology Division, Santa Maria Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Oncology Division, Santa Maria Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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275
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Khan FM, Sadeghi M, Gupta SK, Wolkenhauer O. A Network-Based Integrative Workflow to Unravel Mechanisms Underlying Disease Progression. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1702:247-276. [PMID: 29119509 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7456-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling mechanisms underlying diseases has motivated the development of systems biology approaches. The key challenges for the development of mathematical models and computational tool are (1) the size of molecular networks, (2) the nonlinear nature of spatio-temporal interactions, and (3) feedback loops in the structure of interaction networks. We here propose an integrative workflow that combines structural analyses of networks, high-throughput data, and mechanistic modeling. As an illustration of the workflow, we use prostate cancer as a case study with the aim of identifying key functional components associated with primary to metastasis transitions. Analysis carried out by the workflow revealed that HOXD10, BCL2, and PGR are the most important factors affected in primary prostate samples, whereas, in the metastatic state, STAT3, JUN, and JUNB are playing a central role. The identified key elements of each network are validated using patient survival analysis. The workflow presented here allows experimentalists to use heterogeneous data sources for the identification of diagnostic and prognostic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M Khan
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shailendra K Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany.,Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany. .,Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India. .,Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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276
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Vaughan CA, Pearsall I, Singh S, Windle B, Deb SP, Grossman SR, Yeudall WA, Deb S. Addiction of lung cancer cells to GOF p53 is promoted by up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor through multiple contacts with p53 transactivation domain and promoter. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12426-46. [PMID: 26820293 PMCID: PMC4914296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung cancers harboring gain-of-function (GOF) p53 alleles express higher levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We demonstrate that a number of GOF p53 alleles directly upregulate EGFR. Knock-down of p53 in lung cancer cells lowers EGFR expression and reduces tumorigenicity and other GOF p53 properties. However, addiction of lung cancer cells to GOF p53 can be compensated by overexpressing EGFR, suggesting that EGFR plays a critical role in addiction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using lung cancer cells expressing GOF p53 alleles showed that GOF p53 localized to the EGFR promoter. The sequence where GOF p53 is found to interact by ChIP seq can act as a GOF p53 response element. The presence of GOF p53 on the EGFR promoter increased histone H3 acetylation, indicating a mechanism whereby GOF p53 enhances chromatin opening for improved access to transcription factors (TFs). ChIP and ChIP-re-ChIP with p53, Sp1 and CBP histone acetylase (HAT) antibodies revealed docking of GOF p53 on Sp1, leading to increased binding of Sp1 and CBP to the EGFR promoter. Up-regulation of EGFR can occur via GOF p53 contact at other novel sites in the EGFR promoter even when TAD-I is inactivated; these sites are used by both intact and TAD-I mutated GOF p53 and might reflect redundancy in GOF p53 mechanisms for EGFR transactivation. Thus, the oncogenic action of GOF p53 in lung cancer is highly dependent on transactivation of the EGFR promoter via a novel transcriptional mechanism involving coordinated interactions of TFs, HATs and GOF p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Vaughan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Isabella Pearsall
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shilpa Singh
- Integrated Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brad Windle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Philips Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Swati P Deb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Integrated Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven R Grossman
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - W Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Philips Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sumitra Deb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Integrated Life Sciences Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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277
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Dittmann K, Mayer C, Czemmel S, Huber SM, Rodemann HP. New roles for nuclear EGFR in regulating the stability and translation of mRNAs associated with VEGF signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189087. [PMID: 29253018 PMCID: PMC5734708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane-associated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) translocates into a perinuclear/nuclear location upon stimulation, where it complexes with mRNAs. Treatment with radiation and cisplatin decreases the amounts of mRNAs present within this complex. Gene array analyses of mRNAs in complex with immunoprecipitated nEGFR revealed significant enrichment of different mRNA species compared to the control immunoprecipitation. Functional annotation with help of DAVID Gene Ontology Analysis identified under other terms the HIF-1A/VEGF signaling pathway as one of the top scoring KEGG pathways. RT-PCR and western blots revealed the radiation-induced expression of mRNAs and proteins involved in HIF-1A/VEGF signaling. Simultaneously, the levels of the corresponding validated miRNAs within the complex containing nEGFR and mRNAs were decreased. This finding argues that an mRNA/miRNA/nEGFR complex regulates protein expression. Indeed, we detected the GW182, AGO2, PABPC1 and cNOT1 proteins, which belong to the deadenylase complex, in a complex with nuclear EGFR. Erlotinib-mediated inhibition of EGFR kinase reduced the radiation-induced increase in mRNA expression. In this context, erlotinib reduced AGO2 phosphorylation by the EGFR kinase at residue Y393, which was associated with increased cNOT1 deadenylase activity and reduced mRNA stability. To prove the roles of miRNAs in this context, we transfected cells with an inhibitor of Hsa-mir-1180p5, which targets the NFATC4 mRNA, an mRNA associated with VEGF signaling, or pretreated cells with erlotinib. Indeed, Hsa-mir-1180p5 knockdown increased and the erlotinib treatment decreased the expression of the NFATC4 protein. The expression of the NFATC4 protein controlled the cloning efficiency and radiosensitivity of A549 and FaDu tumor cells. Thus, this study is the first to show that a membrane-located tyrosine kinase receptor, such as EGFR, is internalized to a nuclear/perinuclear location upon exposure to stress and modulates the stability and translation of miRNA-selected mRNAs. This mechanism enables cells to directly express proteins in response to EGFR activation and may contribute to treatment resistance in EGFR-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claus Mayer
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Czemmel
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M. Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Peter Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tuebingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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278
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Pathak RK, Baunthiyal M, Pandey N, Pandey D, Kumar A. Modeling of the jasmonate signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana with respect to pathophysiology of Alternaria blight in Brassica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16790. [PMID: 29196636 PMCID: PMC5711873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The productivity of Oilseed Brassica, one of the economically important crops of India, is seriously affected by the disease, Alternaria blight. The disease is mainly caused by two major necrotrophic fungi, Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola which are responsible for significant yield losses. Till date, no resistant source is available against Alternaria blight, hence plant breeding methods can not be used to develop disease resistant varieties. Jasmonate mediated signalling pathway, which is known to play crucial role during defense response against necrotrophs, could be strengthened in Brassica plants to combat the disease. Since scanty information is available in Brassica-Alternaria pathosystems at molecular level therefore, in the present study efforts have been made to model jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana to simulate the dynamic behaviour of molecular species in the model. Besides, the developed model was also analyzed topologically for investigation of the hubs node. COI1 is identified as one of the promising candidate genes in response to Alternaria and other linked components of plant defense mechanisms against the pathogens. The findings from present study are therefore informative for understanding the molecular basis of pathophysiology and rational management of Alternaria blight for securing food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri Garhwal, 246194, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mamta Baunthiyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pauri Garhwal, 246194, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Neetesh Pandey
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India.
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279
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Materi W, Wishart DS. Computational Systems Biology in Cancer: Modeling Methods and Applications. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117762500700100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it has become clear that carcinogenesis is a complex process, both at the molecular and cellular levels. Understanding the origins, growth and spread of cancer, therefore requires an integrated or system-wide approach. Computational systems biology is an emerging sub-discipline in systems biology that utilizes the wealth of data from genomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies to build computer simulations of intra and intercellular processes. Several useful descriptive and predictive models of the origin, growth and spread of cancers have been developed in an effort to better understand the disease and potential therapeutic approaches. In this review we describe and assess the practical and theoretical underpinnings of commonly-used modeling approaches, including ordinary and partial differential equations, petri nets, cellular automata, agent based models and hybrid systems. A number of computer-based formalisms have been implemented to improve the accessibility of the various approaches to researchers whose primary interest lies outside of model development. We discuss several of these and describe how they have led to novel insights into tumor genesis, growth, apoptosis, vascularization and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Materi
- National Research Council, National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT) Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David S. Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta
- National Research Council, National Institute for Nanotechnology (NINT) Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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280
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Fichter CD, Przypadlo CM, Buck A, Herbener N, Riedel B, Schäfer L, Nakagawa H, Walch A, Reinheckel T, Werner M, Lassmann S. A new model system identifies epidermal growth factor receptor-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER2-human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 heterodimers as potent inducers of oesophageal epithelial cell invasion. J Pathol 2017; 243:481-495. [PMID: 28940194 DOI: 10.1002/path.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas and oesophageal adenocarcinomas show distinct patterns of ErbB expression and dimers. The functional effects of specific ErbB homodimers or heterodimers on oesophageal (cancer) cell behaviour, particularly invasion during early carcinogenesis, remain unknown. Here, a new cellular model system for controlled activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and EGFR-HER2 or HER2-human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) homodimers and heterodimers was studied in non-neoplastic squamous oesophageal epithelial Het-1A cells. EGFR, HER2 and HER3 intracellular domains (ICDs) were fused to dimerization domains (DmrA/DmrA and DmrC), and transduced into Het-1A cells lacking ErbB expression. Dimerization of EGFR, HER2 or EGFR-HER2 and HER2-HER3 ICDs was induced by synthetic ligands (A/A or A/C dimerizers). This was accompanied by phosphorylation of the respective EGFR, HER2 and HER3 ICDs and activation of distinct downstream signalling pathways, such as phospholipase Cγ1, Akt, STAT and Src family kinases. Phenotypically, ErbB dimers caused cell rounding and non-apoptotic blebbing, specifically in EGFR-HER2 and HER2-HER3 heterodimer cells. In a Transwell assay, cell migration velocity was elevated in HER2 dimer cells as compared with empty vector cells. In addition, HER2 dimer cells showed in increased cell invasion, reaching significance for induced HER2-HER3 heterodimers (P = 0.015). Importantly, in three-dimensional organotypic cultures, empty vector cells grew as a superficial cell layer, resembling oesophageal squamous epithelium. In contrast, induced HER2 homodimer cells were highly invasive into the matrix and formed cell clusters. This was associated with partial loss of cytokeratin 7 (when HER2 homodimers were modelled) and p63 (when EGFR-HER2 heterodimers were modelled), which suggests a change or loss of squamous cell differentiation. Controlled activation of specific EGFR, HER2 and HER3 homodimers and heterodimers caused oesophageal squamous epithelial cell migration and/or invasion, especially in a three-dimensional microenvironment, thereby functionally identifying ErbB homodimers and heterodimers as important drivers of oesophageal carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Daniela Fichter
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Camilla Maria Przypadlo
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Herbener
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Riedel
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schäfer
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Lassmann
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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281
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Elkamhawy A, Paik S, Hassan AHE, Lee YS, Roh EJ. Hit discovery of 4-amino-N-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzamide: A novel EGFR inhibitor from a designed small library. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:393-405. [PMID: 29102722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Searching for hit compounds within the huge chemical space resembles the attempt to find a needle in a haystack. Cheminformatics-guided selection of few representative molecules of a rationally designed virtual combinatorial library is a powerful tool to confront this challenge, speed up hit identification and cut off costs. Herein, this approach has been applied to identify hit compounds with novel scaffolds able to inhibit EGFR kinase. From a generated virtual library, six 4-aryloxy-5-aminopyrimidine scaffold-derived compounds were selected, synthesized and evaluated as hit EGFR inhibitors. 4-Aryloxy-5-benzamidopyrimidines inhibited EGFR with IC50 1.05-5.37 μM. Cell-based assay of the most potent EGFR inhibitor hit (10ac) confirmed its cytotoxicity against different cancerous cells. In spite of no EGFR, HER2 or VEGFR1 inhibition was elicited by 4-aryloxy-5-(thio)ureidopyrimidine derivatives, cell-based evaluation suggested them as antiproliferative hits acting by other mechanism(s). Molecular docking study provided a plausible explanation of incapability of 4-aryloxy-5-(thio)ureidopyrimidines to inhibit EGFR and suggested a reasonable binding mode of 4-aryloxy-5-benzamidopyrimidines which provides a basis to develop more optimized ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Sora Paik
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nonopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nonopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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282
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Efficient synthesis of phycocyanobilin in mammalian cells for optogenetic control of cell signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11962-11967. [PMID: 29078307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707190114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics is a powerful tool to precisely manipulate cell signaling in space and time. For example, protein activity can be regulated by several light-induced dimerization (LID) systems. Among them, the phytochrome B (PhyB)-phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) system is the only available LID system controlled by red and far-red lights. However, the PhyB-PIF system requires phycocyanobilin (PCB) or phytochromobilin as a chromophore, which must be artificially added to mammalian cells. Here, we report an expression vector that coexpresses HO1 and PcyA with Ferredoxin and Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase for the efficient synthesis of PCB in the mitochondria of mammalian cells. An even higher intracellular PCB concentration was achieved by the depletion of biliverdin reductase A, which degrades PCB. The PCB synthesis and PhyB-PIF systems allowed us to optogenetically regulate intracellular signaling without any external supply of chromophores. Thus, we have provided a practical method for developing a fully genetically encoded PhyB-PIF system, which paves the way for its application to a living animal.
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283
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Tsui IF, Chari R, Buys TP, Lam WL. Public Databases and Software for the Pathway Analysis of Cancer Genomes. Cancer Inform 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117693510700300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of pathway disruption is key to understanding cancer biology. Advances in high throughput technologies have led to the rapid accumulation of genomic data. The explosion in available data has generated opportunities for investigation of concerted changes that disrupt biological functions, this in turns created a need for computational tools for pathway analysis. In this review, we discuss approaches to the analysis of genomic data and describe the publicly available resources for studying biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy F.L. Tsui
- Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Raj Chari
- Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Timon P.H. Buys
- Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wan L. Lam
- Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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284
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wigle
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, 200 First St. SW Rochester, Minnesota 55905, U.S.A
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Ontario Cancer Institute, PMH/UHN, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Division of Signaling Biology, Life Sciences Discovery Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7
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285
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Kim E, Leung H, Akhtar N, Li J, Barta JR, Wang Y, Yang C, Kiarie E. Growth performance and gastrointestinal responses of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diet without or with exogenous epidermal growth factor upon challenge with Eimeria. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3676-3686. [PMID: 28938785 PMCID: PMC5850350 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a protein known for its mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects was fed to broiler chickens to evaluate growth performance, gastrointestinal measurements, and apparent retention (AR) of components upon challenge with Eimeria. A total of 216, d old male broiler chicks (Ross 708) were placed in cages (6 birds/cage) and allocated to treatments. The treatments were: 1) control (Lactotobacilli lactis fermentation supernatant without EGF), 2) 80 μg of EGF/kg BW/d, and 3) 160 μg of EGF/kg BW/d. A basal antibiotic-free corn-soybean diet containing TiO2 was used. Birds were offered fresh feed with respective treatments on daily basis and had free access to drinking water for 14 d. On d 5, birds (6 replicates per treatment) were challenged with 1 mL of E. acervulina and E. maxima mixture via oral gavage and the other 6 replicates were given sham. Growth performance was measured in pre- (d 0 to 5) and post- (d 6 to 14) challenge periods. Two birds per cage were necropsied on d 10 for intestinal lesion scores and tissue samples for histomorphology and expression of select intestinal genes. Excreta samples for AR of components and oocyst shedding were taken d 10 to 13 and all birds were necropsied on d 14 for gastrointestinal weight. The EGF linearly (P < 0.05) increased BWG before challenge. There was no EGF and Eimeria interaction (P > 0.05) on growth performance, AR of GE, and intestinal histomorphology; the main effects were such that Eimeria depressed (P < 0.01) BWG, FCR, AR of DM, crude fat, and GE, and villi height to crypt depth ratio. An interaction between EGF and Eimeria (P < 0.05) on indices of gut function was such that EGF improved expression of genes for nutrient transporters and tight junction proteins in Eimeria challenged birds whilst no effect in non-challenged control. In conclusion, Eimeria challenge reduced growth performance and impaired gut function; EGF showed beneficial effects on growth pre-challenge and improved indices of gut function upon Eimeria challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kim
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - H. Leung
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - N. Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - J. Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - J. R. Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - C. Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - E. Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
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286
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Wang L, Li P, Li B, Wang Y, Li J, Song L. Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Activity of Novel Quinazoline Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101624. [PMID: 28956845 PMCID: PMC6151509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to explore a new class of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, novel 4-stilbenylamino quinazoline derivatives were synthesized through a Dimorth rearrangement reaction and characterized via IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. Methoxyl, methyl, halogen, and trifluoromethyl groups on stilbeneamino were detected. These synthesized compounds were evaluated for antitumor activity in vitro against eight human tumor cell lines with an MTS assay. Most synthesized compounds exhibited more potent activity (IC50 = ~2.0 μM) than gefitinib (IC50 > 10.0 μM) against the A431, A549, and BGC-823 cell lines. Docking methodology of compound 6c and 6i binding into the ATP site of EGFR was carried out. The results showed that fluorine and trifluoromethyl played an important role in efficient cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Pengna Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jiangtao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Limei Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China.
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287
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Hass H, Masson K, Wohlgemuth S, Paragas V, Allen JE, Sevecka M, Pace E, Timmer J, Stelling J, MacBeath G, Schoeberl B, Raue A. Predicting ligand-dependent tumors from multi-dimensional signaling features. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:27. [PMID: 28944080 PMCID: PMC5607260 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have shown significant patient benefit in about 5-10% of solid tumors that are addicted to a single oncogene. Here, we explore the idea of ligand addiction as a driver of tumor growth. High ligand levels in tumors have been shown to be associated with impaired patient survival, but targeted therapies have not yet shown great benefit in unselected patient populations. Using an approach of applying Bagged Decision Trees (BDT) to high-dimensional signaling features derived from a computational model, we can predict ligand dependent proliferation across a set of 58 cell lines. This mechanistic, multi-pathway model that features receptor heterodimerization, was trained on seven cancer cell lines and can predict signaling across two independent cell lines by adjusting only the receptor expression levels for each cell line. Interestingly, for patient samples the predicted tumor growth response correlates with high growth factor expression in the tumor microenvironment, which argues for a co-evolution of both factors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Hass
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Sibylle Wohlgemuth
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zuerich, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | | | - John E. Allen
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Mark Sevecka
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Emily Pace
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Celgene, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Joerg Stelling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zuerich, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Gavin MacBeath
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - Andreas Raue
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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288
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Liu F, Mischel PS. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor co-dependent signaling pathways in glioblastoma. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 10. [PMID: 28892308 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is critical for normal development and function. EGFR is also amplified or mutated in a variety of cancers including in nearly 60% of cases of the highly lethal brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM). EGFR amplification and mutation reprogram cellular metabolism and broadly alter gene transcription to drive tumor formation and progression, rendering EGFR as a compelling drug target. To date, brain tumor patients have yet to benefit from anti-EGFR therapy due in part to an inability to achieve sufficient intratumoral drug levels in the brain, cultivating adaptive mechanisms of resistance. Here, we review an alternative set of strategies for targeting EGFR-amplified GBMs, based on identifying and targeting tumor co-dependencies shaped both by aberrant EGFR signaling and the brain's unique biochemical environment. These approaches may include highly brain-penetrant drugs from non-cancer pipelines, expanding the pharmacopeia and providing promising new treatments. We review the molecular underpinnings of EGFR-activated co-dependencies in the brain and the promising new treatments based on this strategy. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2018, 10:e1398. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1398 This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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289
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Role of Daptomycin on Burn Wound Healing in an Animal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00606-17. [PMID: 28696234 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00606-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic therapy are risk factors for the development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in thermal burn patients. We used a rat model to study the in vivo efficacy of daptomycin in the treatment of burn wound infections by S. aureus, and we evaluated the wound healing process through morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. A copper bar heated in boiling water was applied on a paraspinal site of each rat, resulting in two full-thickness burns. A small gauze was placed over each burn and inoculated with 5 × 107 CFU of S. aureus ATCC 43300. The study included two uninfected control groups with and without daptomycin treatment, an infected control group that did not receive any treatment, and two infected groups treated, respectively, with intraperitoneal daptomycin and teicoplanin. The main outcome measures were quantitative culture, histological evaluation of tissue repair, and immunohistochemical expression of wound healing markers: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). The highest inhibition of infection was achieved in the group that received daptomycin, which reduced the bacterial load from 107 CFU/ml to about 103 CFU/g (P < 0.01). The groups treated with daptomycin showed better overall healing with epithelialization and significantly higher collagen scores than the other groups, and these findings were also confirmed by immunohistochemical data. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that daptomycin is an important modulator of wound repair by possibly reducing hypertrophic burn scar formation.
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290
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Unraveling a tumor type-specific regulatory core underlying E2F1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition to predict receptor protein signatures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:198. [PMID: 28775339 PMCID: PMC5543083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of subverted regulatory pathways. In this paper, we reconstruct the regulatory network around E2F, a family of transcription factors whose deregulation has been associated to cancer progression, chemoresistance, invasiveness, and metastasis. We integrate gene expression profiles of cancer cell lines from two E2F1-driven highly aggressive bladder and breast tumors, and use network analysis methods to identify the tumor type-specific core of the network. By combining logic-based network modeling, in vitro experimentation, and gene expression profiles from patient cohorts displaying tumor aggressiveness, we identify and experimentally validate distinctive, tumor type-specific signatures of receptor proteins associated to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder and breast cancer. Our integrative network-based methodology, exemplified in the case of E2F1-induced aggressive tumors, has the potential to support the design of cohort- as well as tumor type-specific treatments and ultimately, to fight metastasis and therapy resistance.Deregulation of E2F family transcription factors is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Here, the authors construct a map of the regulatory network around the E2F family, and using gene expression profiles, identify tumour type-specific regulatory cores and receptor expression signatures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder and breast cancer.
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291
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Chim SSC, Wong KKW, Chung CYL, Lam SKW, Kwok JSL, Lai CY, Cheng YKY, Hui ASY, Meng M, Chan OK, Tsui SKW, Lee KY, Chan TF, Leung TY. Systematic Selection of Reference Genes for the Normalization of Circulating RNA Transcripts in Pregnant Women Based on RNA-Seq Data. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1709. [PMID: 28777335 PMCID: PMC5578099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA transcripts circulating in peripheral blood represent an important source of non-invasive biomarkers. To accurately quantify the levels of circulating transcripts, one needs to normalize the data with internal control reference genes, which are detected at relatively constant levels across blood samples. A few reference gene candidates have to be selected from transcriptome data before the validation of their stable expression by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, there is a lack of transcriptome, let alone whole-transcriptome, data from maternal blood. To overcome this shortfall, we performed RNA-sequencing on blood samples from women presenting with preterm labor. The coefficient of variation (CV) of expression levels was calculated. Of 11,215 exons detected in the maternal blood whole-transcriptome, a panel of 395 genes, including PPP1R15B, EXOC8, ACTB, and TPT1, were identified to comprise exons with considerably less variable expression level (CV, 7.75-17.7%) than any GAPDH exon (minimum CV, 27.3%). Upon validation, the selected genes from this panel remained more stably expressed than GAPDH in maternal blood. This panel is over-represented with genes involved with the actin cytoskeleton, macromolecular complex, and integrin signaling. This groundwork provides a starting point for systematically selecting reference gene candidates for normalizing the levels of circulating RNA transcripts in maternal blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S C Chim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karen K W Wong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Claire Y L Chung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Stephanie K W Lam
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jamie S L Kwok
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chit-Ying Lai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yvonne K Y Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Annie S Y Hui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Oi-Ka Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Stephen K W Tsui
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Keun-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07441, Korea.
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tak-Yeung Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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292
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Hossain E, Anand-Srivastava MB. Resveratrol prevents angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells through the transactivation of growth factor receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:945-953. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that augmented levels of endogenous angiotensin II (AngII) contribute to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy through the transactivation of growth factor receptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Resveratrol (RV), a polyphenolic component of red wine, has also been shown to attenuate AngII-evoked VSMC hypertrophy; however, the molecular mechanism mediating this response is obscure. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine whether RV could prevent AngII-induced VSMC hypertrophy through the transactivation of growth factor receptor and associated signaling pathways. AngII treatment of VSMC enhanced the protein synthesis that was attenuated towards control levels by RV pretreatment as well as by the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, c-Src, and growth factor receptors. Furthermore, RV pretreatment also inhibited enhanced levels of superoxide anion, NADPH oxidase activity, increased expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, and phosphorylation of c-Src, EGF-R, PDGE-R, ERK1/2, and AKT1/2. In conclusion, these results indicate that RV attenuates AngII-induced VSMC hypertrophy through the inhibition of enhanced oxidative stress and activation of c-Src, growth factor receptors, and MAPK/AKT signaling. We suggest that RV could be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of vascular complications associated with hypertension and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekhtear Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Madhu B. Anand-Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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293
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Modelling GTPase dynamics to understand RhoA-driven cancer cell invasion. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1695-1700. [PMID: 27913679 PMCID: PMC5134997 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, initially driven by cells migrating and invading through the local environment, leads to most cancer-associated deaths. Cells can use a variety of modes to move in vitro, all of which depend on Rho GTPases at some level. While traditionally it was thought that Rac1 activity drives protrusive lamellipodia at the leading edge of a polarised cell while RhoA drives rear retraction, more recent work in 3D microenvironments has revealed a much more complicated picture of GTPase dynamics. In particular, RhoA activity can dominate the leading edge polymerisation of actin to form filopodial actin-spike protrusions that drive more invasive cell migration. We recently described a potential mechanism to abrogate this pro-invasive localised leading edge Rac1 to RhoA switch via manipulation of a negative feedback loop that was revealed by adopting a logical modelling approach. Both challenging dogma and taking a formal, mathematical approach to understanding signalling involved in motility may be vital to harnessing harmful cell migration and preventing metastasis in future research.
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294
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Zhang J, Song F, Zhao X, Jiang H, Wu X, Wang B, Zhou M, Tian M, Shi B, Wang H, Jia Y, Wang H, Pan X, Li Z. EGFR modulates monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis through phosphorylation of SCD1 in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:127. [PMID: 28724430 PMCID: PMC5518108 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a well-known oncogenic driver, contributes to the initiation and progression of a wide range of cancer types. Aberrant lipid metabolism including highly produced monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. However, how EGFR regulates MUFA synthesis in cancer remains elusive. This is the focus of our study. Methods The interaction between EGFR and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) was detected byco-immunoprecipitation. SCD1 protein expression, stability and phosphorylation were tested by western blot. The synthesis of MUFA was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The growth of lung cancer was detected by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI staining, colony formation assay and subcutaneous xenograft assay. The expression of activated EGFR, phosphorylated and total SCD1 was tested by immunohistochemistry in 90 non-small cell lung cancersamples. The clinical correlations were analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression. Results EGFR binds to and phosphorylates SCD1 at Y55. Phosphorylation of Y55 is required for maintaining SCD1 protein stability and thus increases MUFA level to facilitate lung cancer growth. Moreover, EGFR-stimulated cancer growth depends on SCD1 activity. Evaluation of non-small cell lung cancersamples reveals a positive correlation among EGFR activation, SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation and SCD1 protein expression. Furthermore, phospho-SCD1 Y55 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for poor patient survival. Conclusions Ourstudy demonstrates that EGFR stabilizes SCD1 through Y55 phosphorylation, thereby up-regulating MUFA synthesis to promote lung cancer growth. Thus, we provide the first evidence that SCD1 can be subtly controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation and uncover a previously unknown direct linkage between oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase and lipid metabolism in lung cancer. We also propose SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation as a potential diagnostic marker for lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0704-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huamao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College ofMedicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaorong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.25/Ln2200, XieTu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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295
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Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with rs17337023 polymorphism and increased serum level of the EGFR protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180604. [PMID: 28700691 PMCID: PMC5507450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We have previously described the association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevalence and two epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) SNPs (rs17337023 and rs2227983) among the Taiwanese population. This present study aimed to elucidate whether the SNPs can alter the expression of EGFR in the progression of RA. Methods The cohort study included 366 Taiwan’s Han Chinese RA patients and 326 age and gender matched healthy controls. Blood samples collected from the participants were analyzed to determine their serum EGFR levels and to identify EGFR SNPs from their genomic DNA. Genotyping for EGFR SNPs was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The relationship between EGFR SNP and the clinical manifestations of RA was evaluated. Results Our results showed that a statistically significant difference in genotype frequency distributions at rs17337023 SNP for RA patients and controls (p ˂ 0.05). In addition, compared with the haplotype frequencies between case and control groups, the RA patient with the GT haplotype appeared to be a significant “protective” haplotype compared with other haplotypes (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59–0.91; p = 0.005). Furthermore, the increased serum level of EGFR was also observed in RA patients (p ˂ 0.001). Conclusion Our study showed that RA is associated with rs17337023 SNP in EGFR gene and increased serum level of the EGFR protein. These findings suggest EGFR is worthy of further investigation as a therapeutic target for RA.
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296
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Gillman AN, Breshears LM, Kistler CK, Finnegan PM, Torres VJ, Schlievert PM, Peterson ML. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Enhances the Proinflammatory Effects of Staphylococcus aureus Gamma-Toxin on the Mucosa. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9070202. [PMID: 28657583 PMCID: PMC5535149 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9070202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) produces many different exotoxins including the gamma-toxins, HlgAB and HlgCB. Gamma-toxins form pores in both leukocyte and erythrocyte membranes, resulting in cell lysis. The genes encoding gamma-toxins are present in most strains of S. aureus, and are commonly expressed in clinical isolates recovered from menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome (mTSS) patients. This study set out to investigate the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of gamma-toxins on vaginal epithelial surfaces. We found that both HlgAB and HlgCB were cytotoxic to cultured human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs) and induced cytokine production at sub-cytotoxic doses. Cytokine production induced by gamma-toxin treatment of HVECs was found to involve epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and mediated by shedding of EGFR ligands from the cell surface. The gamma-toxin subunits displayed differential binding to HVECs (HlgA 93%, HlgB 97% and HlgC 28%) with both components (HlgAB or HlgCB) required for maximum detectable binding and significant stimulation of cytokine production. In studies using full thickness ex vivo porcine vaginal mucosa, HlgAB or HlgCB stimulated a dose-dependent cytokine response, which was reduced significantly by inhibition of EGFR signaling. The effects of gamma-toxins on porcine vaginal tissue and cultured HVECs were validated using ex vivo human ectocervical tissue. Collectively, these studies have identified the EGFR-signaling pathway as a key component in gamma-toxin-induced proinflammatory changes at epithelial surfaces and highlight a potential therapeutic target to diminish toxigenic effects of S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Gillman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9019, Troms, Norway.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Laura M Breshears
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | | | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Patrick M Schlievert
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Marnie L Peterson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Extherid Biosciences, LLC., Jackson, WY 83001, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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297
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Pi J, Jin H, Jiang J, Yang F, Cai H, Yang P, Cai J, Chen ZW. Single molecule force spectroscopy for in-situ probing oridonin inhibited ROS-mediated EGF-EGFR interactions in living KYSE-150 cells. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:479-489. [PMID: 28411855 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the active anticancer component of Rabdosia Rubescens, oridonin has been proved to show strong anticancer activity in cancer cells, which is also found to be closely related to its specific inhibition effects on the EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. In this study, atomic force microscopy based single molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS) was used for real-time and in-situ detection of EGF-EGFR interactions in living esophageal cancer KYSE-150 cells to evaluate the anticancer activity of oridonin for the first time. Oridonin was found to induce apoptosis and also reduce EGFR expression in KYSE-150 cells. AFM-SMFS results demonstrated that oridonin could inhibit the binding between EGF and EGFR in KYSE-150 cells by decreasing the unbinding force and binding probability for EGF-EGFR complexes, which was further proved to be closely associated with the intracellular ROS level. More precise mechanism studies based on AFM-SMFS demonstrated that oridonin treatment could decrease the energy barrier width, increase the dissociation off rate constant and decrease the activation energy of EGF-EGFR complexes in ROS dependent way, suggesting oridonin as a strong anticancer agent targeting EGF-EGFR interactions in cancer cells through ROS dependent mechanism. Our results not only suggested oridonin as a strong anticancer agent targeting EGF-EGFR interactions in ROS dependent mechanism, but also highlighted AFM-SMFS as a powerful technique for pharmacodynamic studies by detecting ligand-receptor interactions, which was also expected to be developed into a promising tool for the screening and mechanism studies of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA
| | - Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Huaihong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Peihui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA
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298
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Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important target for cancer therapy. In this study, EGFR inhibitors were investigated to build a two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) model and a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model. In the 2D-QSAR model, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier combined with the feature selection method was applied to predict whether a compound was an EGFR inhibitor. As a result, the prediction accuracy of the 2D-QSAR model was 98.99% by using tenfold cross-validation test and 97.67% by using independent set test. Then, in the 3D-QSAR model, the model with q2 = 0.565 (cross-validated correlation coefficient) and r2 = 0.888 (non-cross-validated correlation coefficient) was built to predict the activity of EGFR inhibitors. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the training set and test set was 0.308 log units and 0.526 log units, respectively. In addition, molecular docking was also employed to investigate the interaction between EGFR inhibitors and EGFR.
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299
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78495111110.3390/cancers9050052" />
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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300
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Wee P, Wang Z. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cell Proliferation Signaling Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050052. [PMID: 28513565 PMCID: PMC5447962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1036] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer. Various mechanisms mediate the upregulation of EGFR activity, including common mutations and truncations to its extracellular domain, such as in the EGFRvIII truncations, as well as to its kinase domain, such as the L858R and T790M mutations, or the exon 19 truncation. These EGFR aberrations over-activate downstream pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways. These pathways then activate many biological outputs that are beneficial to cancer cell proliferation, including their chronic initiation and progression through the cell cycle. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate EGFR signal transduction, including the EGFR structure and its mutations, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, as well as the signaling pathways that lead to G1 cell cycle progression. We focus on the induction of CYCLIN D expression, CDK4/6 activation, and the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CDKi) by EGFR signaling pathways. We also discuss the successes and challenges of EGFR-targeted therapies, and the potential for their use in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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