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Ogene L, Woods S, Hetmanski J, Lozano N, Karakasidi A, Caswell PT, Kostarelos K, Domingos MAN, Vranic S, Kimber SJ. Graphene oxide activates canonical TGFβ signalling in a human chondrocyte cell line via increased plasma membrane tension. Nanoscale 2024; 16:5653-5664. [PMID: 38414413 PMCID: PMC10939054 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Graphene Oxide (GO) has been shown to increase the expression of key cartilage genes and matrix components within 3D scaffolds. Understanding the mechanisms behind the chondroinductive ability of GO is critical for developing articular cartilage regeneration therapies but remains poorly understood. The objectives of this work were to elucidate the effects of GO on the key chondrogenic signalling pathway - TGFβ and identify the mechanism through which signal activation is achieved in human chondrocytes. Activation of canonical signalling was validated through GO-induced SMAD-2 phosphorylation and upregulation of known TGFβ response genes, while the use of a TGFβ signalling reporter assay allowed us to identify the onset of GO-induced signal activation which has not been previously reported. Importantly, we investigate the cell-material interactions and molecular mechanisms behind these effects, establishing a novel link between GO, the plasma membrane and intracellular signalling. By leveraging fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIM) and a membrane tension probe, we reveal GO-mediated increases in plasma membrane tension, in real-time for the first time. Furthermore, we report the activation of mechanosensory pathways which are known to be regulated by changes in plasma membrane tension and reveal the activation of endogenous latent TGFβ in the presence of GO, providing a mechanism for signal activation. The data presented here are critical to understanding the chondroinductive properties of GO and are important for the implementation of GO in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Ogene
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Joseph Hetmanski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neus Lozano
- Nanomedicine Lab, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angeliki Karakasidi
- Nano-Cell Biology Lab, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Nanotechnology in Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marco A N Domingos
- Department of Solids and Structure, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nano-Cell Biology Lab, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Centre for Nanotechnology in Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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2
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Newman D, Young LE, Waring T, Brown L, Wolanska KI, MacDonald E, Charles-Orszag A, Goult BT, Caswell PT, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Machesky LM, Morgan MR, Zech T. 3D matrix adhesion feedback controls nuclear force coupling to drive invasive cell migration. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113554. [PMID: 38100355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is a multi-step process, initiated by the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and the ability to move through complex 3D extracellular environments. We determine the composition of cell-matrix adhesion complexes of invasive breast cancer cells in 3D matrices and identify an interaction complex required for invasive migration. βPix and myosin18A (Myo18A) drive polarized recruitment of non-muscle myosin 2A (NM2A) to adhesion complexes at the tips of protrusions. Actomyosin force engagement then displaces the Git1-βPix complex from paxillin, establishing a feedback loop for adhesion maturation. We observe active force transmission to the nucleus during invasive migration that is needed to pull the nucleus forward. The recruitment of NM2A to adhesions creates a non-muscle myosin isoform gradient, which extends from the protrusion to the nucleus. We postulate that this gradient facilitates coupling of cell-matrix interactions at the protrusive cell front with nuclear movement, enabling effective invasive migration and front-rear cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Newman
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorna E Young
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Brown
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna I Wolanska
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ewan MacDonald
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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3
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Wilson B, Flett C, Gemperle J, Lawless C, Hartshorn M, Hinde E, Harrison T, Chastney M, Taylor S, Allen J, Norman JC, Zacharchenko T, Caswell PT. Proximity labelling identifies pro-migratory endocytic recycling cargo and machinery of the Rab4 and Rab11 families. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260468. [PMID: 37232246 PMCID: PMC10323252 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling controls the return of internalised cargoes to the plasma membrane to coordinate their positioning, availability and downstream signalling. The Rab4 and Rab11 small GTPase families regulate distinct recycling routes, broadly classified as fast recycling from early endosomes (Rab4) and slow recycling from perinuclear recycling endosomes (Rab11), and both routes handle a broad range of overlapping cargoes to regulate cell behaviour. We adopted a proximity labelling approach, BioID, to identify and compare the protein complexes recruited by Rab4a, Rab11a and Rab25 (a Rab11 family member implicated in cancer aggressiveness), revealing statistically robust protein-protein interaction networks of both new and well-characterised cargoes and trafficking machinery in migratory cancer cells. Gene ontological analysis of these interconnected networks revealed that these endocytic recycling pathways are intrinsically connected to cell motility and cell adhesion. Using a knock-sideways relocalisation approach, we were further able to confirm novel links between Rab11, Rab25 and the ESCPE-1 and retromer multiprotein sorting complexes, and identify new endocytic recycling machinery associated with Rab4, Rab11 and Rab25 that regulates cancer cell migration in the 3D matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chloe Flett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jakub Gemperle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew Hartshorn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Eleanor Hinde
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tess Harrison
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Megan Chastney
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jennifer Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jim C. Norman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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4
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Caswell PT. ARF3 weights the balance for prostate cancer metastasis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303037. [PMID: 36920439 PMCID: PMC10040632 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patrick T. Caswell discusses work from Bryant and colleagues (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202206115) which shows how ARF3 impacts metastasis in prostate cancer by regulating a switch between modes of collective invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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5
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Gemperle J, Harrison TS, Flett C, Adamson AD, Caswell PT. On demand expression control of endogenous genes with DExCon, DExogron and LUXon reveals differential dynamics of Rab11 family members. eLife 2022; 11:76651. [PMID: 35708998 PMCID: PMC9203059 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR technology has made generation of gene knock-outs widely achievable in cells. However, once inactivated, their re-activation remains difficult, especially in diploid cells. Here, we present DExCon (Doxycycline-mediated endogenous gene Expression Control), DExogron (DExCon combined with auxin-mediated targeted protein degradation), and LUXon (light responsive DExCon) approaches which combine one-step CRISPR-Cas9-mediated targeted knockin of fluorescent proteins with an advanced Tet-inducible TRE3GS promoter. These approaches combine blockade of active gene expression with the ability to re-activate expression on demand, including activation of silenced genes. Systematic control can be exerted using doxycycline or spatiotemporally by light, and we demonstrate functional knock-out/rescue in the closely related Rab11 family of vesicle trafficking regulators. Fluorescent protein knock-in results in bright signals compatible with low-light live microscopy from monoallelic modification, the potential to simultaneously image different alleles of the same gene, and bypasses the need to work with clones. Protein levels are easily tunable to correspond with endogenous expression through cell sorting (DExCon), timing of light illumination (LUXon), or by exposing cells to different levels of auxin (DExogron). Furthermore, our approach allowed us to quantify previously unforeseen differences in vesicle dynamics, transferrin receptor recycling, expression kinetics, and protein stability among highly similar endogenous Rab11 family members and their colocalization in triple knock-in ovarian cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gemperle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Harrison
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe Flett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D Adamson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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6
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Caswell PT. Non-canonical ubiquitylation makes its mark on Rap2 and cell motility. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213094. [PMID: 35333280 PMCID: PMC8961291 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin modification controls protein stability and cargo trafficking, and in this issue Duncan et al. (2022. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202107114) reveal a unique mechanism through which Rab40b/Cul5-mediated ubiquitylation of Rap2 regulates its activity and recycling to the leading edge to control cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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7
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Bolado-Carrancio A, Lee M, Ewing A, Muir M, Macleod KG, Gallagher WM, Nguyen LK, Carragher NO, Semple CA, Brunton VG, Caswell PT, von Kriegsheim A. ISGylation drives basal breast tumour progression by promoting EGFR recycling and Akt signalling. Oncogene 2021; 40:6235-6247. [PMID: 34556814 PMCID: PMC8566238 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ISG15 is an ubiquitin-like modifier that is associated with reduced survival rates in breast cancer patients. The mechanism by which ISG15 achieves this however remains elusive. We demonstrate that modification of Rab GDP-Dissociation Inhibitor Beta (GDI2) by ISG15 (ISGylation) alters endocytic recycling of the EGF receptor (EGFR) in non-interferon stimulated cells using CRISPR-knock out models for ISGylation. By regulating EGFR trafficking, ISGylation enhances EGFR recycling and sustains Akt-signalling. We further show that Akt signalling positively correlates with levels of ISG15 and its E2-ligase in basal breast cancer cohorts, confirming the link between ISGylation and Akt signalling in human tumours. Persistent and enhanced Akt activation explains the more aggressive tumour behaviour observed in human breast cancers. We show that ISGylation can act as a driver of tumour progression rather than merely being a bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Bolado-Carrancio
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Martin Lee
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ailith Ewing
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kenneth G Macleod
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - William M Gallagher
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Colin A Semple
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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8
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Larocque G, Moore DJ, Sittewelle M, Kuey C, Hetmanski JHR, La-Borde PJ, Wilson BJ, Clarke NI, Caswell PT, Royle SJ. Intracellular nanovesicles mediate α5β1 integrin trafficking during cell migration. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212493. [PMID: 34287617 PMCID: PMC8298100 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202009028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane traffic is an important regulator of cell migration through the endocytosis and recycling of cell surface receptors such as integrin heterodimers. Intracellular nanovesicles (INVs) are transport vesicles that are involved in multiple membrane trafficking steps, including the recycling pathway. The only known marker for INVs is tumor protein D54 (TPD54/TPD52L2), a member of the TPD52-like protein family. Overexpression of TPD52-like family proteins in cancer has been linked to poor prognosis and an aggressive metastatic phenotype, which suggests cell migration may be altered under these conditions. Here, we show that TPD54 directly binds membrane and associates with INVs via a conserved positively charged motif in its C terminus. We describe how other TPD52-like proteins are also associated with INVs, and we document the Rab GTPase complement of all INVs. Depletion of TPD52-like proteins inhibits cell migration and invasion, while their overexpression boosts motility. We show that inhibition of migration is likely due to altered recycling of α5β1 integrins in INVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Larocque
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Méghane Sittewelle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Cansu Kuey
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Joseph H R Hetmanski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Penelope J La-Borde
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Beverley J Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas I Clarke
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
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9
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Hetmanski JHR, Jones MC, Chunara F, Schwartz JM, Caswell PT. Combinatorial mathematical modelling approaches to interrogate rear retraction dynamics in 3D cell migration. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008213. [PMID: 33690598 PMCID: PMC7984637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration in 3D microenvironments is a complex process which depends on the coordinated activity of leading edge protrusive force and rear retraction in a push-pull mechanism. While the potentiation of protrusions has been widely studied, the precise signalling and mechanical events that lead to retraction of the cell rear are much less well understood, particularly in physiological 3D extra-cellular matrix (ECM). We previously discovered that rear retraction in fast moving cells is a highly dynamic process involving the precise spatiotemporal interplay of mechanosensing by caveolae and signalling through RhoA. To further interrogate the dynamics of rear retraction, we have adopted three distinct mathematical modelling approaches here based on (i) Boolean logic, (ii) deterministic kinetic ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and (iii) stochastic simulations. The aims of this multi-faceted approach are twofold: firstly to derive new biological insight into cell rear dynamics via generation of testable hypotheses and predictions; and secondly to compare and contrast the distinct modelling approaches when used to describe the same, relatively under-studied system. Overall, our modelling approaches complement each other, suggesting that such a multi-faceted approach is more informative than methods based on a single modelling technique to interrogate biological systems. Whilst Boolean logic was not able to fully recapitulate the complexity of rear retraction signalling, an ODE model could make plausible population level predictions. Stochastic simulations added a further level of complexity by accurately mimicking previous experimental findings and acting as a single cell simulator. Our approach highlighted the unanticipated role for CDK1 in rear retraction, a prediction we confirmed experimentally. Moreover, our models led to a novel prediction regarding the potential existence of a 'set point' in local stiffness gradients that promotes polarisation and rapid rear retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. R. Hetmanski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JHRH); (PTC)
| | - Matthew C. Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fatima Chunara
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JHRH); (PTC)
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10
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Abstract
Membrane-cortex attachment plays key roles in controlling cell shape and integrity. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Welf et al. describe a new function for membrane-actin tethering in controlling where and when cells initiate new protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Hetmanski JHR, de Belly H, Busnelli I, Waring T, Nair RV, Sokleva V, Dobre O, Cameron A, Gauthier N, Lamaze C, Swift J, Del Campo A, Starborg T, Zech T, Goetz JG, Paluch EK, Schwartz JM, Caswell PT. Membrane Tension Orchestrates Rear Retraction in Matrix-Directed Cell Migration. Dev Cell 2019; 51:460-475.e10. [PMID: 31607653 PMCID: PMC6863396 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis, vertebrate cells move through 3D interstitial matrix, responding to chemical and physical guidance cues. Protrusion at the cell front has been extensively studied, but the retraction phase of the migration cycle is not well understood. Here, we show that fast-moving cells guided by matrix cues establish positive feedback control of rear retraction by sensing membrane tension. We reveal a mechanism of rear retraction in 3D matrix and durotaxis controlled by caveolae, which form in response to low membrane tension at the cell rear. Caveolae activate RhoA-ROCK1/PKN2 signaling via the RhoA guanidine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Ect2 to control local F-actin organization and contractility in this subcellular region and promote translocation of the cell rear. A positive feedback loop between cytoskeletal signaling and membrane tension leads to rapid retraction to complete the migration cycle in fast-moving cells, providing directional memory to drive persistent cell migration in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H R Hetmanski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Henry de Belly
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67200, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thomas Waring
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Roshna V Nair
- INM, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D226, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vanesa Sokleva
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oana Dobre
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angus Cameron
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nils Gauthier
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joe Swift
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Tobias Starborg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tobias Zech
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67200, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Ewa K Paluch
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Wilson BJ, Allen JL, Caswell PT. Vesicle trafficking pathways that direct cell migration in 3D matrices and in vivo. Traffic 2018; 19:899-909. [PMID: 30054969 PMCID: PMC6282850 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a vital process in development and disease, and while the mechanisms that control motility are relatively well understood on two-dimensional surfaces, the control of cell migration in three dimensions (3D) and in vivo has only recently begun to be understood. Vesicle trafficking pathways have emerged as a key regulatory element in migration and invasion, with the endocytosis and recycling of cell surface cargos, including growth factor and chemokine receptors, adhesion receptors and membrane-associated proteases, being of major importance. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of how endocytic trafficking controls the availability and local activity of these cargoes to influence the movement of cells in 3D matrix and in developing organisms. In particular, we discuss how endocytic trafficking of different receptor classes spatially restricts signals and activity, usually to the leading edge of invasive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley J. Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Jennifer L. Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
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13
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Warner H, Wilson BJ, Caswell PT. Control of adhesion and protrusion in cell migration by Rho GTPases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 56:64-70. [PMID: 30292078 PMCID: PMC6368645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a critical process that underpins a number of physiological and pathological contexts such as the correct functioning of the immune system and the spread of metastatic cancer cells. Central to this process are the Rho family of GTPases, which act as core regulators of cell migration. Rho GTPases are molecular switches that associate with lipid membranes and act to choreograph molecular events that underpin cell migration. Specifically, these GTPases play critical roles in coordinating force generation through driving the formation of cellular protrusions as well as cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. Here we provide an update on the many roles of Rho-family GTPases in coordinating protrusion and adhesion formation in the context of cell migration, as well as describing how their activity is controlled to by a variety of complex signalling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Warner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Beverley J Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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14
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Caswell PT, Dickens M. Correction to: JIP3 localises to exocytic vesicles and focal adhesions in the growth cones of differentiated PC12 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 444:15. [PMID: 29725980 PMCID: PMC6002433 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Dickens
- Human Physiology, College of Health, Massey University, North Shore, Auckland, 0630, New Zealand.
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15
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Abstract
Rho GTPases such as the canonical Rac1 and RhoA are embedded within complex networks requiring the precise spatiotemporal balance of GEFs, GAPs, upstream regulators, growth factors, and downstream effectors. A modeling approach based on Boolean logical networks is becoming an increasingly relied-upon tool to harness this complexity and elucidate further details regarding Rho GTPase signaling. In this methods chapter we describe how to initially create appropriately sized networks based on literature evidence; formalize these networks with reactions based on Boolean logical operators; implement the network into appropriate simulation software (CellNetAnalyzer); and finally perform simulations and make novel, testable predictions via in silico knockouts. Given this predictive power, the Boolean approach may ultimately help to highlight potential future avenues of experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H R Hetmanski
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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16
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Bridgewater RE, Streuli CH, Caswell PT. Extracellular matrix promotes clathrin-dependent endocytosis of prolactin and STAT5 activation in differentiating mammary epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4572. [PMID: 28676702 PMCID: PMC5496899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone prolactin promotes lactational differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) via its cognate receptor and the downstream JAK2-STAT5a signalling pathway. In turn this regulates transcription of milk protein genes. Prolactin signalling depends on a cross-talk with basement membrane extracellular matrix (ECM) via β1 integrins which activate both ILK and Rac1 and are required for STAT5a activation and lactational differentiation. Endocytosis is an important regulator of signalling. It can both enhance and suppress cytokine signalling, although the role of endocytosis for prolactin signalling is not known. Here we show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is required for ECM-dependent STAT5 activation. In the presence of ECM, prolactin is internalised via a clathrin-dependent, but caveolin-independent, route. This occurs independently from JAK2 and Rac signalling, but is required for full phosphorylation and activation of STAT5. Prolactin is internalised into early endosomes, where the master early endosome regulator Rab5b promotes STAT5 phosphorylation. These data reveal a novel role for ECM-driven endocytosis in the positive regulation of cytokine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Bridgewater
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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17
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Gundry C, Marco S, Rainero E, Miller B, Dornier E, Mitchell L, Caswell PT, Campbell AD, Hogeweg A, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Norman JC. Phosphorylation of Rab-coupling protein by LMTK3 controls Rab14-dependent EphA2 trafficking to promote cell:cell repulsion. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14646. [PMID: 28294115 PMCID: PMC5355957 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPase effector, Rab-coupling protein (RCP) is known to promote invasive behaviour in vitro by controlling integrin and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) trafficking, but how RCP influences metastasis in vivo is unclear. Here we identify an RTK of the Eph family, EphA2, to be a cargo of an RCP-regulated endocytic pathway which controls cell:cell repulsion and metastasis in vivo. Phosphorylation of RCP at Ser435 by Lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) and of EphA2 at Ser897 by Akt are both necessary to promote Rab14-dependent (and Rab11-independent) trafficking of EphA2 which generates cell:cell repulsion events that drive tumour cells apart. Genetic disruption of RCP or EphA2 opposes cell:cell repulsion and metastasis in an autochthonous mouse model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma-whereas conditional knockout of another RCP cargo, α5 integrin, does not suppress pancreatic cancer metastasis-indicating a role for RCP-dependent trafficking of an Eph receptor to drive tumour dissemination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gundry
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sergi Marco
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Elena Rainero
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Bryan Miller
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Emmanuel Dornier
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Louise Mitchell
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Anna Hogeweg
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jim C. Norman
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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18
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Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric receptors that bind to components of the extracellular matrix and influence cellular processes as varied as proliferation and migration. These effects are achieved by tight spatiotemporal control over intracellular signalling pathways, including those that mediate cytoskeletal reorganisation. The ability of integrins to bind to ligands is governed by integrin conformation, or activity, and this is widely acknowledged to be an important route to the regulation of integrin function. Over the last 15 years, however, the pathways that regulate endocytosis and recycling of integrins have emerged as major players in controlling integrin action, and studying integrin trafficking has revealed fresh insight into the function of this fascinating class of extracellular matrix receptors, in particular in the context of cell migration and invasion. Here, we review our current understanding of the contribution of integrin trafficking to cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal dynamics of Rho GTPases are essential for efficient cell migration. Manipulating Rac1 and RhoA signaling is thus a potential intervention strategy to abrogate harmful cell invasion and subsequent metastasis; however GTPase signaling can be extremely complicated due to crosstalk and the multitude of upstream regulators and downstream effectors. Studying Rho GTPase networks in a formal mathematical setting can therefore be of great use. We recently built a predictive model based on Boolean logic which identified a negative feedback loop critical for RhoA and Rac1 activity. Here, we discuss the value and potential pitfalls of different mathematical approaches which have been used to study Rho GTPase dynamics, and highlight the importance of choosing the correct approach given the data available and outputs desired. Overall, a mathematical approach, particularly when combined iteratively with in vitro experiments, can be of great use in deriving new biological insight to further harness the activity of Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H R Hetmanski
- a Wellcome Trust Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- a Wellcome Trust Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- a Wellcome Trust Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
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20
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Hetmanski JHR, Zindy E, Schwartz JM, Caswell PT. A MAPK-Driven Feedback Loop Suppresses Rac Activity to Promote RhoA-Driven Cancer Cell Invasion. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004909. [PMID: 27138333 PMCID: PMC4854413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration in 3D microenvironments is fundamental to development, homeostasis and the pathobiology of diseases such as cancer. Rab-coupling protein (RCP) dependent co-trafficking of α5β1 and EGFR1 promotes cancer cell invasion into fibronectin (FN) containing extracellular matrix (ECM), by potentiating EGFR1 signalling at the front of invasive cells. This promotes a switch in RhoGTPase signalling to inhibit Rac1 and activate a RhoA-ROCK-Formin homology domain-containing 3 (FHOD3) pathway and generate filopodial actin-spike protrusions which drive invasion. To further understand the signalling network that drives RCP-driven invasive migration, we generated a Boolean logical model based on existing network pathways/models, where each node can be interrogated by computational simulation. The model predicted an unanticipated feedback loop, whereby Raf/MEK/ERK signalling maintains suppression of Rac1 by inhibiting the Rac-activating Sos1-Eps8-Abi1 complex, allowing RhoA activity to predominate in invasive protrusions. MEK inhibition was sufficient to promote lamellipodia formation and oppose filopodial actin-spike formation, and led to activation of Rac and inactivation of RhoA at the leading edge of cells moving in 3D matrix. Furthermore, MEK inhibition abrogated RCP/α5β1/EGFR1-driven invasive migration. However, upon knockdown of Eps8 (to suppress the Sos1-Abi1-Eps8 complex), MEK inhibition had no effect on RhoGTPase activity and did not oppose invasive migration, suggesting that MEK-ERK signalling suppresses the Rac-activating Sos1-Abi1-Eps8 complex to maintain RhoA activity and promote filopodial actin-spike formation and invasive migration. Our study highlights the predictive potential of mathematical modelling approaches, and demonstrates that a simple intervention (MEK-inhibition) could be of therapeutic benefit in preventing invasive migration and metastasis. The majority of cancer-related fatalities are caused by the movement of cancer cells away from the primary site to form metastases, making understanding the signalling mechanisms which underpin cell migration and invasion through their local environment of paramount importance. Much has been discovered about key events leading to invasive cell migration. Here, we have taken this prior knowledge to build a powerful predictive model based on simple ON/OFF relations and logic to determine potential intervention targets to reduce harmful invasive migration. Interrogating our model, we have identified a negative feedback loop important to the signalling that determines invasive migration, the breaking of which reverts cells to a slower, less invasive phenotype. We have supported this feedback loop prediction using an array of in vitro experiments performed in cells within 2-D and physiologically relevant 3-D environments. Our findings demonstrate the predictive power of such modelling techniques, and could form the basis for clinical intervention to prevent metastasis in certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. R. Hetmanski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Egor Zindy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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21
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Paul NR, Allen JL, Chapman A, Morlan-Mairal M, Zindy E, Jacquemet G, Fernandez del Ama L, Ferizovic N, Green DM, Howe JD, Ehler E, Hurlstone A, Caswell PT. α5β1 integrin recycling promotes Arp2/3-independent cancer cell invasion via the formin FHOD3. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:1013-31. [PMID: 26370503 PMCID: PMC4576860 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab-coupling protein–mediated integrin trafficking promotes filopodia formation via RhoA-ROCK-FHOD3, generating non-lamellipodial actin spike protrusions that drive cancer cell migration in 3D extracellular matrix and in vivo. Invasive migration in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to cancer metastasis, yet little is known of the molecular mechanisms that drive reorganization of the cytoskeleton as cancer cells disseminate in vivo. 2D Rac-driven lamellipodial migration is well understood, but how these features apply to 3D migration is not clear. We find that lamellipodia-like protrusions and retrograde actin flow are indeed observed in cells moving in 3D ECM. However, Rab-coupling protein (RCP)-driven endocytic recycling of α5β1 integrin enhances invasive migration of cancer cells into fibronectin-rich 3D ECM, driven by RhoA and filopodial spike-based protrusions, not lamellipodia. Furthermore, we show that actin spike protrusions are Arp2/3-independent. Dynamic actin spike assembly in cells invading in vitro and in vivo is regulated by Formin homology-2 domain containing 3 (FHOD3), which is activated by RhoA/ROCK, establishing a novel mechanism through which the RCP–α5β1 pathway reprograms the actin cytoskeleton to promote invasive migration and local invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Jennifer L Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Anna Chapman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Maria Morlan-Mairal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Egor Zindy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Laura Fernandez del Ama
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Nermina Ferizovic
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - David M Green
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England, UK
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Cardiovascular Division, BHF Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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22
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Paul NR, Allen JL, Chapman A, Morlan-Mairal M, Zindy E, Jacquemet G, Fernandez del Ama L, Ferizovic N, Green D, Howe JD, Ehler E, Hurlstone A, Caswell PT. α5β1 integrin recycling promotes Arp2/3-independent cancer cell invasion via the formin FHOD3. J Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1084/jem.21210oia78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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23
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Rainero E, Howe JD, Caswell PT, Jamieson NB, Anderson K, Critchley DR, Machesky L, Norman JC. Ligand-Occupied Integrin Internalization Links Nutrient Signaling to Invasive Migration. Cell Rep 2015; 10:398-413. [PMID: 25600874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin trafficking is key to cell migration, but little is known about the spatiotemporal organization of integrin endocytosis. Here, we show that α5β1 integrin undergoes tensin-dependent centripetal movement from the cell periphery to populate adhesions located under the nucleus. From here, ligand-engaged α5β1 integrins are internalized under control of the Arf subfamily GTPase, Arf4, and are trafficked to nearby late endosomes/lysosomes. Suppression of centripetal movement or Arf4-dependent endocytosis disrupts flow of ligand-bound integrins to late endosomes/lysosomes and their degradation within this compartment. Arf4-dependent integrin internalization is required for proper lysosome positioning and for recruitment and activation of mTOR at this cellular subcompartment. Furthermore, nutrient depletion promotes subnuclear accumulation and endocytosis of ligand-engaged α5β1 integrins via inhibition of mTORC1. This two-way regulatory interaction between mTORC1 and integrin trafficking in combination with data describing a role for tensin in invasive cell migration indicate interesting links between nutrient signaling and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rainero
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Kurt Anderson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laura Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jim C Norman
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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24
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Muller PAJ, Trinidad AG, Caswell PT, Norman JC, Vousden KH. Mutant p53 regulates Dicer through p63-dependent and -independent mechanisms to promote an invasive phenotype. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:122-32. [PMID: 24220032 PMCID: PMC3879536 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.502138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control and processing of microRNAs (miRs) is critical in the regulation of all cellular responses. Previous studies have suggested that a reduction in the expression of certain miRs, or an overall decrease in miR processing through the partial depletion of Dicer, can promote enhanced metastatic potential. We show here that Dicer depletion can promote the invasive behavior of cells that is reflected in enhanced recycling and activation of the growth factor receptors Met and EGF receptor. These responses are also seen in response to the expression of tumor-derived mutant p53s, and we show that mutant p53 can down-regulate Dicer expression through both direct inhibition of the TAp63-mediated transcriptional activation of Dicer and a TAp63-independent control of Dicer protein expression. Our results delineate a clear relationship between mutant p53, TAp63, and Dicer that might contribute to the metastatic function of mutant p53 but, interestingly, also reveal TAp63-independent functions of mutant p53 in controlling Dicer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. J. Muller
- From the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom and
| | - Antonio G. Trinidad
- From the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom and
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jim C. Norman
- From the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom and
| | - Karen H. Vousden
- From the Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom and
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Jacquemet G, Green DM, Bridgewater RE, von Kriegsheim A, Humphries MJ, Norman JC, Caswell PT. RCP-driven α5β1 recycling suppresses Rac and promotes RhoA activity via the RacGAP1-IQGAP1 complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:917-35. [PMID: 24019536 PMCID: PMC3776348 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201302041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of αvβ3 or expression of mutant p53 promotes invasion into fibronectin (FN)-containing extracellular matrix (ECM) by enhancing Rab-coupling protein (RCP)-dependent recycling of α5β1 integrin. RCP and α5β1 cooperatively recruit receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR1, to regulate their trafficking and downstream signaling via protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, which, in turn, promotes invasive migration. In this paper, we identify a novel PKB/Akt substrate, RacGAP1, which is phosphorylated as a consequence of RCP-dependent α5β1 trafficking. Phosphorylation of RacGAP1 promotes its recruitment to IQGAP1 at the tips of invasive pseudopods, and RacGAP1 then locally suppresses the activity of the cytoskeletal regulator Rac and promotes the activity of RhoA in this subcellular region. This Rac to RhoA switch promotes the extension of pseudopodial processes and invasive migration into FN-containing matrices, in a RhoA-dependent manner. Thus, the localized endocytic trafficking of α5β1 within the tips of invasive pseudopods elicits signals that promote the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, protrusion, and invasion into FN-rich ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, England, UK
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26
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Jacquemet G, Morgan MR, Byron A, Humphries JD, Choi CK, Chen CS, Caswell PT, Humphries MJ. Rac1 is deactivated at integrin activation sites through an IQGAP1-filamin-A-RacGAP1 pathway. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4121-35. [PMID: 23843620 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration makes a fundamental contribution to both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Integrin engagement with extracellular ligands spatially controls, via the cyclical activation and deactivation of the small GTPase Rac1, the dynamic membrane protrusion and cytoskeletal reorganization events that are required for directional migration. Although the pathways that control integrin-mediated Rac1 activation are reasonably well defined, the mechanisms that are responsible for switching off activity are poorly understood. Here, proteomic analysis of activated integrin-associated complexes suggests filamin-A and IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as candidates that link β1 integrin to Rac1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of either filamin-A or IQGAP1 induced high, dysregulated Rac1 activity during cell spreading on fibronectin. Using immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, filamin-A and IQGAP1 were shown to be part of a complex that is recruited to active β1 integrin. Mass spectrometric analysis of individual filamin-A, IQGAP1 and Rac1 pull-downs and biochemical analysis, identified RacGAP1 as a novel IQGAP1 binding partner. Further immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry analyses demonstrated that RacGAP1 is recruited to IQGAP1 and active β1 integrin, and that suppression of RacGAP1 expression triggered elevated Rac1 activity during spreading on fibronectin. Consistent with these findings, reduced expression of filamin-A, IQGAP1 or RacGAP1 triggered unconstrained membrane protrusion and disrupted directional cell migration on fibrillar extracellular matrices. These findings suggest a model whereby integrin engagement, followed by filamin-A, IQGAP1 and RacGAP1 recruitment, deactivates Rac1 to constrain its activity spatially and thereby coordinate directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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27
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Jacquemet G, Humphries MJ, Caswell PT. Role of adhesion receptor trafficking in 3D cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:627-32. [PMID: 23797030 PMCID: PMC3759831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion receptor trafficking makes a major contribution to cell migration in 3D. Integrin and syndecan receptors synergise to control signals for migration. Specific integrin heterodimers perform different roles during migration.
This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of adhesion receptor trafficking in vitro, and extrapolates them as far as what is currently possible towards an understanding of migration in three dimensions in vivo. Our specific focus is the mechanisms for endocytosis and recycling of the two major classes of cell-matrix adhesion receptors, integrins and syndecans. We review the signalling networks that are employed to regulate trafficking and conversely the effects of trafficking on signalling itself. We then define the contribution that this element of the migration process makes to processes such as wound healing and tumour invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Bridgewater
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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29
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Muller PAJ, Trinidad AG, Timpson P, Morton JP, Zanivan S, van den Berghe PVE, Nixon C, Karim SA, Caswell PT, Noll JE, Coffill CR, Lane DP, Sansom OJ, Neilsen PM, Norman JC, Vousden KH. Mutant p53 enhances MET trafficking and signalling to drive cell scattering and invasion. Oncogene 2013; 32:1252-65. [PMID: 22580601 PMCID: PMC3592945 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-derived mutant p53 proteins promote invasion, in part, by enhancing Rab coupling protein (RCP)-dependent receptor recycling. Here we identified MET as an RCP-binding protein and showed that mutant p53 promoted MET recycling. Mutant p53-expressing cells were more sensitive to hepatocyte growth factor, the ligand for MET, leading to enhanced MET signalling, invasion and cell scattering that was dependent on both MET and RCP. In cells expressing the p53 family member TAp63, inhibition of TAp63 also lead to cell scattering and MET-dependent invasion. However, in cells that express very low levels of TAp63, the ability of mutant p53 to promote MET-dependent cell scattering was independent of TAp63. Taken together, our data show that mutant p53 can enhance MET signalling to promote cell scattering and invasion through both TAp63-dependent and -independent mechanisms. MET has a predominant role in metastatic progression and the identification of mechanisms through which mutations in p53 can drive MET signalling may help to identify and direct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A J Muller
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - A G Trinidad
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Timpson
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Morton
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Zanivan
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C Nixon
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A Karim
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - P T Caswell
- Welcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J E Noll
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratories, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C R Coffill
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D P Lane
- p53 Laboratory (A-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - O J Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - P M Neilsen
- Cancer Therapeutics Laboratories, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J C Norman
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - K H Vousden
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
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30
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Rainero E, Caswell PT, Muller PAJ, Grindlay J, McCaffrey MW, Zhang Q, Wakelam MJO, Vousden KH, Graziani A, Norman JC. Diacylglycerol kinase α controls RCP-dependent integrin trafficking to promote invasive migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 196:277-95. [PMID: 22270919 PMCID: PMC3265946 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid generation by DGK-α is essential for the localization of Rab11-coupling protein to invasive pseudopods and subsequent invasive migration by tumor cells. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin or expression of oncogenic mutants of p53 promote invasive cell migration by enhancing endosomal recycling of α5β1 integrin under control of the Rab11 effector Rab-coupling protein (RCP). In this paper, we show that diacylglycerol kinase α (DGK-α), which phosphorylates diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid (PA), was required for RCP to be mobilized to and tethered at the tips of invasive pseudopods and to allow RCP-dependent α5β1 recycling and the resulting invasiveness of tumor cells. Expression of a constitutive-active mutant of DGK-α drove RCP-dependent invasion in the absence of mutant p53 expression or αvβ3 inhibition, and conversely, an RCP mutant lacking the PA-binding C2 domain was not capable of being tethered at pseudopod tips. These data demonstrate that generation of PA downstream of DGK-α is essential to connect expression of mutant p53s or inhibition of αvβ3 to RCP and for this Rab11 effector to drive the trafficking of α5β1 that is required for tumor cell invasion through three-dimensional matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rainero
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, G61 1BD Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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31
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Muller PAJ, Caswell PT, Doyle B, Iwanicki MP, Tan EH, Karim S, Lukashchuk N, Gillespie DA, Ludwig RL, Gosselin P, Cromer A, Brugge JS, Sansom OJ, Norman JC, Vousden KH. Mutant p53 drives invasion by promoting integrin recycling. Cell 2010; 139:1327-41. [PMID: 20064378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 618] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein whose function is frequently lost in cancers through missense mutations within the Tp53 gene. This results in the expression of point-mutated p53 proteins that have both lost wild-type tumor suppressor activity and show gain of functions that contribute to transformation and metastasis. Here, we show that mutant p53 expression can promote invasion, loss of directionality of migration, and metastatic behavior. These activities of p53 reflect enhanced integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking, which depends on Rab-coupling protein (RCP) and results in constitutive activation of EGFR/integrin signaling. We provide evidence that mutant p53 promotes cell invasion via the inhibition of TAp63, and simultaneous loss of p53 and TAp63 recapitulates the phenotype of mutant p53 in cells. These findings open the possibility that blocking alpha5/beta1-integrin and/or the EGF receptor will have therapeutic benefit in mutant p53-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A J Muller
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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Jones MC, Caswell PT, Moran-Jones K, Roberts M, Barry ST, Gampel A, Mellor H, Norman JC. VEGFR1 (Flt1) regulates Rab4 recycling to control fibronectin polymerization and endothelial vessel branching. Traffic 2009; 10:754-66. [PMID: 19302266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell's main receptor for VEGF, VEGFR2 (Kdr) is one of the most important positive regulators of new blood vessel growth and its downstream signalling is well characterized. By contrast, VEGFR1 (Flt1) and the mechanisms by which this VEGF receptor promotes branching morphogenesis in angiogenesis remain relatively unclear.Here we report that engagement of VEGFR1 activates a Rab4A-dependent pathway that transports alphavbeta3 Integrin from early endosomes to the plasma membrane, and that this is required for VEGF-driven fibronectin polymerization in endothelial cells. Furthermore, VEGFR1 acts to promote endothelial tubule branching in an organotypic model of angiogenesis via a mechanism that requires Rab4A and alphavbeta3 Integrin. We conclude that a recycling pathway regulated by Rab4A is a critical effector of VEGFR1 during branching morphogenesis of the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Jones
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research (Cancer Research UK), Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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33
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Caswell PT, Chan M, Lindsay AJ, McCaffrey MW, Boettiger D, Norman JC. Rab-coupling protein coordinates recycling of alpha5beta1 integrin and EGFR1 to promote cell migration in 3D microenvironments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 183:143-55. [PMID: 18838556 PMCID: PMC2557049 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200804140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that blocking the adhesive function of αvβ3 integrin with soluble RGD ligands, such as osteopontin or cilengitide, promoted association of Rab-coupling protein (RCP) with α5β1 integrin and drove RCP-dependent recycling of α5β1 to the plasma membrane and its mobilization to dynamic ruffling protrusions at the cell front. These RCP-driven changes in α5β1 trafficking led to acquisition of rapid/random movement on two-dimensional substrates and to a marked increase in fibronectin-dependent migration of tumor cells into three-dimensional matrices. Recycling of α5β1 integrin did not affect its regulation or ability to form adhesive bonds with substrate fibronectin. Instead, α5β1 controlled the association of EGFR1 with RCP to promote the coordinate recycling of these two receptors. This modified signaling downstream of EGFR1 to increase its autophosphorylation and activation of the proinvasive kinase PKB/Akt. We conclude that RCP provides a scaffold that promotes the physical association and coordinate trafficking of α5β1 and EGFR1 and that this drives migration of tumor cells into three-dimensional matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Caswell
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
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34
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Kim M, Jang HR, Kim JH, Noh SM, Song KS, Cho JS, Jeong HY, Norman JC, Caswell PT, Kang GH, Kim SY, Yoo HS, Kim YS. Epigenetic inactivation of protein kinase D1 in gastric cancer and its role in gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:629-37. [PMID: 18283041 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) 1 influences cell migration by mediating both trans-Golgi vesicle fission and integrin recycling to the cell surface. Using restriction landmark genomic scanning methods, we found that the promoter region of PKD1 was aberrantly methylated in gastric cancer cell lines. Silencing of PKD1 expression was detected in 72.7% of gastric cancer cell lines examined, and the silencing was associated with CpG hypermethylation in the promoter region of PKD1. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A partially reversed PKD1 methylation and restored gene expression in PKD1-silenced cell lines. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of 96 paired clinical primary gastric cancer samples revealed that 59% of the analyzed tumors had a >2-fold decrease in PKD1 expression compared with each normal-appearing tissue and that this downregulation of PKD1 expression was significantly correlated with increased methylation. We also observed a gradual increase in the level of promoter methylation of PKD1 in aging, normal-appearing mucosal tissues, suggesting that PKD1 methylation may be one of the earliest events that predispose an individual to gastric cancer. PKD1 expression was required for directional migration of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, knock down of PKD1 by RNA interference promoted the invasiveness of cell lines that expressed PKD1 at relatively high levels. Based on these results, we propose that PKD1 is frequently silenced by epigenetic regulation, which plays a role in cell migration and metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirang Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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35
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Caswell PT, Spence HJ, Parsons M, White DP, Clark K, Cheng KW, Mills GB, Humphries MJ, Messent AJ, Anderson KI, McCaffrey MW, Ozanne BW, Norman JC. Rab25 associates with alpha5beta1 integrin to promote invasive migration in 3D microenvironments. Dev Cell 2008; 13:496-510. [PMID: 17925226 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a direct interaction between the beta1 integrin cytoplasmic tail and Rab25, a GTPase that has been linked to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. Rab25 promotes a mode of migration on 3D matrices that is characterized by the extension of long pseudopodia, and the association of the GTPase with alpha5beta1 promotes localization of vesicles that deliver integrin to the plasma membrane at pseudopodial tips as well as the retention of a pool of cycling alpha5beta1 at the cell front. Furthermore, Rab25-driven tumor-cell invasion into a 3D extracellular matrix environment is strongly dependent on ligation of fibronectin by alpha5beta1 integrin and the capacity of Rab25 to interact with beta1 integrin. These data indicate that Rab25 contributes to tumor progression by directing the localization of integrin-recycling vesicles and thereby enhancing the ability of tumor cells to invade the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Caswell
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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36
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White DP, Caswell PT, Norman JC. alpha v beta3 and alpha5beta1 integrin recycling pathways dictate downstream Rho kinase signaling to regulate persistent cell migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:515-25. [PMID: 17485491 PMCID: PMC2064808 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200609004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that integrin recycling regulates cell migration. However, the lack of reagents to selectively target the trafficking of individual heterodimers, as opposed to endocytic transport as a whole, has made it difficult to define the contribution made by particular recycling pathways to directional cell movement. We show that autophosphorylation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) at Ser916 is necessary for its association with αvβ3 integrin. Expression of PKD1916A or the use of mutants of β3 that do not bind to PKD1 selectively inhibits short-loop, Rab4-dependent recycling of αvβ3, and this suppresses the persistence of fibroblast migration. However, we report that short-loop recycling does not directly contribute to fibroblast migration by moving αvβ3 to the cell front, but by antagonizing α5β1 recycling, which, in turn, influences the cell's decision to migrate with persistence or to move randomly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P White
- Integrin Cell Biology Laboratory, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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37
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Jones MC, Caswell PT, Norman JC. Endocytic recycling pathways: emerging regulators of cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18:549-57. [PMID: 16904305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The past five years have seen a steady accumulation of data reinforcing the view that Rab-regulated recycling pathways contribute to cell migration. In particular, detailed descriptions have emerged of the mechanisms that recruit integrins and growth factor receptors to Rab4- and Rab11-driven pathways. Recent work provides new insight into the importance of particular recycling events in cell migration within a variety of physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Jones
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, (Cancer Research UK), Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
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38
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Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the observation that certain integrin heterodimers are continually internalized from the plasma membrane into endosomal compartments and subsequently recycled back to the cell surface indicated that the endocytic and recycling pathways have the potential to exert minute-to-minute control over integrin function. This insight has prompted others to study the regulation of integrin trafficking in more detail. This review aims to summarize the findings of studies revealing the molecular mechanisms controlling integrin traffic, particularly those providing indications as to how these processes contribute to cell migration and tumour cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Caswell
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK, Garscube Estate, Glasgow
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39
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Woods AJ, White DP, Caswell PT, Norman JC. PKD1/PKCmu promotes alphavbeta3 integrin recycling and delivery to nascent focal adhesions. EMBO J 2004; 23:2531-43. [PMID: 15192707 PMCID: PMC449777 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify kinases that regulate integrin recycling, we have immunoprecipitated alphavbeta3 integrin from NIH 3T3 fibroblasts in the presence and absence of primaquine (a drug that inhibits receptor recycling and leads to accumulation of integrins in endosomes) and screened for co-precipitating kinases. Primaquine strongly promoted association of alphavbeta3 integrin with PKD1, and fluorescence microscopy indicated that integrin and PKD1 associate at a vesicular compartment that is downstream of a Rab4-dependent transport step. PKD1 association was mediated by the C-terminal region of the beta3 integrin cytodomain, and mutants of beta3 that were unable to recruit PKD1 did not recycle in a PDGF-dependent fashion. Furthermore, suppression of endogenous PKD1 levels by RNAi, or overexpression of catalytically inactive PKD1 inhibited PDGF-dependent recycling of alphavbeta3 from early endosomes to the plasma membrane and blocked recruitment of alphavbeta3 to newly formed focal adhesions during cell spreading. These data indicate that PKD1 influences cell migration by directing vesicular transport of the alphavbeta3 integrin heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dominic P White
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Jim C Norman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. Tel.: +44 116 252 5250; Fax: +44 116 252 3369; E-mail:
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