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Liu Y, Zhai H, Alemayehu H, Boulanger J, Hopkins LJ, Borgeaud AC, Heroven C, Howe JD, Leigh KE, Bryant CE, Modis Y. Cryo-electron tomography of NLRP3-activated ASC complexes reveals organelle co-localization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7246. [PMID: 37945612 PMCID: PMC10636019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 induces caspase-1-dependent pyroptotic cell death to drive inflammation. Aberrant activity of NLRP3 occurs in many human diseases. NLRP3 activation induces ASC polymerization into a single, micron-scale perinuclear punctum. Higher resolution imaging of this signaling platform is needed to understand how it induces pyroptosis. Here, we apply correlative cryo-light microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to visualize ASC/caspase-1 in NLRP3-activated cells. The puncta are composed of branched ASC filaments, with a tubular core formed by the pyrin domain. Ribosomes and Golgi-like or endosomal vesicles permeate the filament network, consistent with roles for these organelles in NLRP3 activation. Mitochondria are not associated with ASC but have outer-membrane discontinuities the same size as gasdermin D pores, consistent with our data showing gasdermin D associates with mitochondria and contributes to mitochondrial depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangci Liu
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Haoming Zhai
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Helen Alemayehu
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Lee J Hopkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 157, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
- Wren Therapeutics, Clarendon House, Clarendon Road, Cambridge, CB2 8FH, UK
| | - Alicia C Borgeaud
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Heroven
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Kendra E Leigh
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 157, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Yorgo Modis
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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Mali GR, Ali FA, Lau CK, Begum F, Boulanger J, Howe JD, Chen ZA, Rappsilber J, Skehel M, Carter AP. Shulin packages axonemal outer dynein arms for ciliary targeting. Science 2021; 371:910-916. [PMID: 33632841 PMCID: PMC7116892 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main force generators in eukaryotic cilia and flagella are axonemal outer dynein arms (ODAs). During ciliogenesis, these ~1.8-megadalton complexes are assembled in the cytoplasm and targeted to cilia by an unknown mechanism. Here, we used the ciliate Tetrahymena to identify two factors (Q22YU3 and Q22MS1) that bind ODAs in the cytoplasm and are required for ODA delivery to cilia. Q22YU3, which we named Shulin, locked the ODA motor domains into a closed conformation and inhibited motor activity. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed how Shulin stabilized this compact form of ODAs by binding to the dynein tails. Our findings provide a molecular explanation for how newly assembled dyneins are packaged for delivery to the cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish R Mali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ferdos Abid Ali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Clinton K Lau
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Farida Begum
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Zhuo A Chen
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Mark Skehel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andrew P Carter
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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3
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Hwang MS, Boulanger J, Howe JD, Albecka A, Pasche M, Mureşan L, Modis Y. MAVS polymers smaller than 80 nm induce mitochondrial membrane remodeling and interferon signaling. FEBS J 2019; 286:1543-1560. [PMID: 30715798 PMCID: PMC6513760 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a potent proinflammatory signature of viral infection and is sensed primarily by RIG‐I‐like receptors (RLRs). Oligomerization of RLRs following binding to cytosolic dsRNA activates and nucleates self‐assembly of the mitochondrial antiviral‐signaling protein (MAVS). In the current signaling model, the caspase recruitment domains of MAVS form helical fibrils that self‐propagate like prions to promote signaling complex assembly. However, there is no conclusive evidence that MAVS forms fibrils in cells or with the transmembrane anchor present. We show here with super‐resolution light microscopy that MAVS activation by dsRNA induces mitochondrial membrane remodeling. Quantitative image analysis at imaging resolutions as high as 32 nm shows that in the cellular context, MAVS signaling complexes and the fibrils within them are smaller than 80 nm. The transmembrane domain of MAVS is required for its membrane remodeling, interferon signaling, and proapoptotic activities. We conclude that membrane tethering of MAVS restrains its polymerization and contributes to mitochondrial remodeling and apoptosis upon dsRNA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shih Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Albecka
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK
| | | | - Leila Mureşan
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Yorgo Modis
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK
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4
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Uttamapinant C, Howe JD, Lang K, Beránek V, Davis L, Mahesh M, Barry NP, Chin JW. Correction to "Genetic Code Expansion Enables Live-Cell and Super-Resolution Imaging of Site-Specifically Labeled Cellular Proteins". J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13986. [PMID: 30351131 PMCID: PMC8154428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Billing LJ, Smith CA, Larraufie P, Goldspink DA, Galvin S, Kay RG, Howe JD, Walker R, Pruna M, Glass L, Pais R, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Co-storage and release of insulin-like peptide-5, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptideYY from murine and human colonic enteroendocrine cells. Mol Metab 2018; 16:65-75. [PMID: 30104166 PMCID: PMC6158034 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like peptide-5 (INSL5) is an orexigenic gut hormone found in a subset of colonic and rectal enteroendocrine L-cells together with the anorexigenic hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptideYY (PYY). Unlike GLP-1 and PYY, INSL5 levels are elevated by calorie restriction, raising questions about how these hormones respond to different stimuli when they arise from the same cell type. The aim of the current study was to identify whether and how INSL5, GLP-1 and PYY are co-secreted or differentially secreted from colonic L-cells. METHODS An inducible reporter mouse (Insl5-rtTA) was created to enable selective characterisation of Insl5-expressing cells. Expression profiling and Ca2+-dynamics were assessed using TET-reporter mice. Secretion of INSL5, PYY, and GLP-1 from murine and human colonic crypt cultures was quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. Vesicular co-localisation of the three hormones was analysed in 3D-SIM images of immunofluorescently-labelled murine colonic primary cultures and tissue sections. RESULTS INSL5-producing cells expressed a range of G-protein coupled receptors previously identified in GLP-1 expressing L-cells, including Ffar1, Gpbar1, and Agtr1a. Pharmacological or physiological agonists for these receptors triggered Ca2+ transients in INSL5-producing cells and stimulated INSL5 secretion. INSL5 secretory responses strongly correlated with those of PYY and GLP-1 across a range of stimuli. The majority (>80%) of secretory vesicles co-labelled for INSL5, PYY and GLP-1. CONCLUSIONS INSL5 is largely co-stored with PYY and GLP-1 and all three hormones are co-secreted when INSL5-positive cells are stimulated. Opposing hormonal profiles observed in vivo likely reflect differential stimulation of L-cells in the proximal and distal gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Billing
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher A Smith
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Deborah A Goldspink
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Sam Galvin
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Ryan Walker
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Mihai Pruna
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Leslie Glass
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Ramona Pais
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK.
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Sciences and MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB0 0QQ, UK.
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6
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Paul NR, Allen JL, Chapman A, Morlan-Mairal M, Zindy E, Jacquemet G, Fernandez del Ama L, Ferizovic N, Green DM, Howe JD, Ehler E, Hurlstone A, Caswell PT. α5β1 integrin recycling promotes Arp2/3-independent cancer cell invasion via the formin FHOD3. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:1013-31. [PMID: 26370503 PMCID: PMC4576860 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab-coupling protein–mediated integrin trafficking promotes filopodia formation via RhoA-ROCK-FHOD3, generating non-lamellipodial actin spike protrusions that drive cancer cell migration in 3D extracellular matrix and in vivo. Invasive migration in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to cancer metastasis, yet little is known of the molecular mechanisms that drive reorganization of the cytoskeleton as cancer cells disseminate in vivo. 2D Rac-driven lamellipodial migration is well understood, but how these features apply to 3D migration is not clear. We find that lamellipodia-like protrusions and retrograde actin flow are indeed observed in cells moving in 3D ECM. However, Rab-coupling protein (RCP)-driven endocytic recycling of α5β1 integrin enhances invasive migration of cancer cells into fibronectin-rich 3D ECM, driven by RhoA and filopodial spike-based protrusions, not lamellipodia. Furthermore, we show that actin spike protrusions are Arp2/3-independent. Dynamic actin spike assembly in cells invading in vitro and in vivo is regulated by Formin homology-2 domain containing 3 (FHOD3), which is activated by RhoA/ROCK, establishing a novel mechanism through which the RCP–α5β1 pathway reprograms the actin cytoskeleton to promote invasive migration and local invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Jennifer L Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Anna Chapman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Maria Morlan-Mairal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Egor Zindy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Laura Fernandez del Ama
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Nermina Ferizovic
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - David M Green
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England, UK
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Cardiovascular Division, BHF Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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7
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Uttamapinant C, Howe JD, Lang K, Beránek V, Davis L, Mahesh M, Barry NP, Chin JW. Genetic code expansion enables live-cell and super-resolution imaging of site-specifically labeled cellular proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4602-5. [PMID: 25831022 PMCID: PMC4506205 DOI: 10.1021/ja512838z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methods to site-specifically and densely label proteins in cellular ultrastructures with small, bright, and photostable fluorophores would substantially advance super-resolution imaging. Recent advances in genetic code expansion and bioorthogonal chemistry have enabled the site-specific labeling of proteins. However, the efficient incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins and the specific, fluorescent labeling of the intracellular ultrastructures they form for subdiffraction imaging has not been accomplished. Two challenges have limited progress in this area: (i) the low efficiency of unnatural amino acid incorporation that limits labeling density and therefore spatial resolution and (ii) the uncharacterized specificity of intracellular labeling that will define signal-to-noise, and ultimately resolution, in imaging. Here we demonstrate the efficient production of cystoskeletal proteins (β-actin and vimentin) containing bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne-lysine at genetically defined sites. We demonstrate their selective fluorescent labeling with respect to the proteome of living cells using tetrazine-fluorophore conjugates, creating densely labeled cytoskeletal ultrastructures. STORM imaging of these densely labeled ultrastructures reveals subdiffraction features, including nuclear actin filaments. This work enables the site-specific, live-cell, fluorescent labeling of intracellular proteins at high density for super-resolution imaging of ultrastructural features within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayasith Uttamapinant
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Václav Beránek
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd Davis
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mohan Mahesh
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P Barry
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jason W Chin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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8
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Rainero E, Howe JD, Caswell PT, Jamieson NB, Anderson K, Critchley DR, Machesky L, Norman JC. Ligand-Occupied Integrin Internalization Links Nutrient Signaling to Invasive Migration. Cell Rep 2015; 10:398-413. [PMID: 25600874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin trafficking is key to cell migration, but little is known about the spatiotemporal organization of integrin endocytosis. Here, we show that α5β1 integrin undergoes tensin-dependent centripetal movement from the cell periphery to populate adhesions located under the nucleus. From here, ligand-engaged α5β1 integrins are internalized under control of the Arf subfamily GTPase, Arf4, and are trafficked to nearby late endosomes/lysosomes. Suppression of centripetal movement or Arf4-dependent endocytosis disrupts flow of ligand-bound integrins to late endosomes/lysosomes and their degradation within this compartment. Arf4-dependent integrin internalization is required for proper lysosome positioning and for recruitment and activation of mTOR at this cellular subcompartment. Furthermore, nutrient depletion promotes subnuclear accumulation and endocytosis of ligand-engaged α5β1 integrins via inhibition of mTORC1. This two-way regulatory interaction between mTORC1 and integrin trafficking in combination with data describing a role for tensin in invasive cell migration indicate interesting links between nutrient signaling and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rainero
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jonathan D Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrick T Caswell
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Kurt Anderson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laura Machesky
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jim C Norman
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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9
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Bitsikas V, Riento K, Howe JD, Barry NP, Nichols BJ. The role of flotillins in regulating aβ production, investigated using flotillin 1-/-, flotillin 2-/- double knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85217. [PMID: 24465508 PMCID: PMC3897416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillin 1 and flotillin 2 associate in the plasma membrane to form microdomains that have roles in cell signaling, regulation of cell-cell contacts, membrane-cytoskeletal interactions, and endocytosis. They are thought to be involved in the trafficking and hence processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein, APP. In this study we set out to obtain in vivo confirmation of a link between flotillins and cleavage of APP to release amyloidogenic Aβ peptide, and to generate tools that would allow us to ask whether flotillins are functionally redundant. We used a mouse model for Aβ-dependent cerebral amyloidosis, APPPS1 mice, combined with deletion of either flotillin 1 singly, or flotillin 1 and flotillin 2 together. There was a small but significant reduction in Aβ levels, and the abundance of congo-red stained plaques, in brains of 12 week old mice lacking flotillin 1. A similar reduction in Aβ levels was observed in the flotillin 1-/-, flotillin 2-/- double knockouts. We did not observe large effects on the clustering or endocytosis of APP in flotillin 1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We conclude that flotillins are likely to play some role in APP trafficking or processing, but the relevant cellular mechanisms require more investigation. The availability of flotillin 1-/-, flotillin 2-/- mice, which have no overt phenotypes, will facilitate research into flotillin function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Bitsikas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsi Riento
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Howe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Barry
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J. Nichols
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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10
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Abstract
The surface behaviour of swimming amoebae was followed in cells bearing a cAR1-paGFP (cyclic AMP receptor fused to a photoactivatable-GFP) construct. Sensitized amoebae were placed in a buoyant medium where they could swim toward a chemoattractant cAMP source. paGFP, activated at the cell's front, remained fairly stationary in the cell's frame as the cell advanced; the label was not swept rearwards. Similar experiments with chemotaxing cells attached to a substratum gave the same result. Furthermore, if the region around a lateral projection near a crawling cell's front is marked, the projection and the labelled cAR1 behave differently. The label spreads by diffusion but otherwise remains stationary in the cell's frame; the lateral projection moves rearwards on the cell (remaining stationary with respect to the substrate), so that it ends up outside the labelled region. Furthermore, as cAR1-GFP cells move, they occasionally do so in a remarkably straight line; this suggests they do not need to snake to move on a substratum. Previously, we suggested that the surface membrane of a moving amoeba flows from front to rear as part of a polarised membrane trafficking cycle. This could explain how swimming amoebae are able to exert a force against the medium. Our present results indicate that, in amoebae, the suggested surface flow does not exist: this implies that they swim by shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Howe
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Barry
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Bretscher
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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11
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Murray MY, Birkland TP, Howe JD, Rowan AD, Fidock M, Parks WC, Gavrilovic J. Macrophage migration and invasion is regulated by MMP10 expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63555. [PMID: 23691065 PMCID: PMC3653827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify metalloproteinase determinants of macrophage migration and led to the specific hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP10/stromelysin-2) facilitates macrophage migration. We first profiled expression of all MMPs in LPS-stimulated primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and Raw264.7 cells and found that MMP10 was stimulated early (3 h) and down-regulated later (24 h). Based on this pattern of expression, we speculated that MMP10 plays a role in macrophage responses, such as migration. Indeed, using time lapse microscopy, we found that RNAi silencing of MMP10 in primary macrophages resulted in markedly reduced migration, which was reversed with exogenous active MMP10 protein. Mmp10 (-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages displayed significantly reduced migration over a two-dimensional fibronectin matrix. Invasion of primary wild-type macrophages into Matrigel supplemented with fibronectin was also markedly impaired in Mmp10 (-/-) cells. MMP10 expression in macrophages thus emerges as an important moderator of cell migration and invasion. These findings support the hypothesis that MMP10 promotes macrophage movement and may have implications in understanding the control of macrophages in several pathologies, including the abnormal wound healing response associated with pro-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Y. Murray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy P. Birkland
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Howe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Rowan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Fidock
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - William C. Parks
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jelena Gavrilovic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Clark K, Howe JD, Pullar CE, Green JA, Artym VV, Yamada KM, Critchley DR. Tensin 2 modulates cell contractility in 3D collagen gels through the RhoGAP DLC1. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:808-17. [PMID: 20069572 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins of the tensin family couple integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. They are found in both focal adhesions and the fibrillar adhesions formed between cells and the fibronectin matrix. There are four tensin genes which encode three large (approximately 200 kDa) tensin isoforms (tensin 1, 2, 3) and one short isoform (cten). However, the subcellular localization and function of the individual isoforms is poorly understood. Using human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), and imaging on both fixed and live cells, we show that GFP-tensin 2 is enriched in dynamic focal adhesions at the leading edge of the cell, whereas GFP-tensin 3 translocates rearward, and is enriched in fibrillar adhesions. To investigate the possible role of tensins in cell-matrix remodeling, we used siRNAs to knockdown each tensin isoform. We discovered that tensin 2 knockdown significantly reduced the ability of HFFs to contract 3D collagen gels, whilst no effect on fibronectin fibrillogenesis was observed. This inhibition of collagen gel contraction was associated with a substantial reduction in Rho activity, and it was reversed by depletion of DLC1, a RhoGAP that binds to tensin in focal adhesions. These findings suggest that focal adhesion-localized tensin 2 negatively regulates DLC1 to permit Rho-mediated actomyosin contraction and remodeling of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Morgan RA, Puyuelo P, Howe JD, Ashfold MNR, Buma WJ, Wales NPL, de Lange CA. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation spectroscopy of methanethiol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9959102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wilson SH, Howe JD, Rosser KN, Ashfold MN, Dixon RN. A reinvestigation of the near-ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of the methyl radical. Chem Phys Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(94)00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Morgan RA, Puyuelo P, Howe JD, Ashfold MNR, Buma WJ, Milan JB, de Lange CA. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation spectroscopy of thiirane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9949003591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Difazio FA, Incavo SJ, Howe JD. Prevention of longitudinal crack propagation around a femoral prosthesis: a study of cerclage wire fixation. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 1993; 8:274-6. [PMID: 23915989 DOI: 10.1016/0268-0033(93)90038-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/1991] [Accepted: 04/27/1992] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of single versus triple-wrap cerclage fixation techniques in preventing propagation of a longitudinal fracture around a cementless femoral prosthesis. A proximal filling femoral component was implanted in 14 matched pairs of fresh-frozen bovine femora, following placement of a 45-mm longitudinal crack in the anteromedial cortical wall of the proximal femur. In one group of seven pairs, a single cerclage wire was applied to one specimen of each pair. A triple-wrap of a single cerclage wire was similarly placed in one specimen of each of the other seven pairs. All specimens were axially loaded on a materials testing system machine and the force required to propagate the fracture of the proximal femur was recorded. A triple-wrap cerclage technique required a significant increase in the force to propagate a proximal femur fracture around a non-cemented prosthesis when compared to a single cerclage wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Difazio
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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