251
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Blake KJ, Jiang XR, Chiu IM. Neuronal Regulation of Immunity in the Skin and Lungs. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:537-551. [PMID: 31213389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are classically studied as two separate entities. However, their interactions are crucial for maintaining barrier functions at tissues constantly exposed to the external environment. We focus here on the role of neuronal signaling in regulating the immune system at two major barriers: the skin and respiratory tract. Barrier tissues are heavily innervated by sensory and autonomic nerves, and are densely populated by resident immune cells, allowing rapid, coordinated responses to noxious stimuli, as well as to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Neural release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides allows fast communication with immune cells and their recruitment. In addition to maintaining homeostasis and fighting infections, neuroimmune interactions are also implicated in several chronic inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbria J Blake
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Ru Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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252
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Petrović J, Silva JR, Bannerman CA, Segal JP, Marshall AS, Haird CM, Gilron I, Ghasemlou N. γδ T Cells Modulate Myeloid Cell Recruitment but Not Pain During Peripheral Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:473. [PMID: 30936874 PMCID: PMC6431614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating immune cells, which are recruited to the site of injury/disease, secrete various inflammatory mediators that are critical to nociception and pain. The role of tissue-resident immune cells, however, remains poorly characterized. One of the first cells to be activated in peripheral tissues following injury are γδT cells, which serve important roles in infection, disease, and wound healing. Using a mouse line lacking these cells, we sought to identify their contribution to inflammatory pain. Three distinct models of peripheral inflammatory pain were used: intraplantar injection of formalin (spontaneous inflammatory pain), incisional wound (acute inflammatory pain), and intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (chronic inflammatory pain). Our results show that absence of γδT cells does not alter baseline sensitivity, nor does it result in changes to mechanical or thermal hypersensitivity after tissue injury. Myeloid cell recruitment did show differential changes between models of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. These results were consistent in both male and female mice, suggesting that there are no sex differences in these outcomes. This comprehensive characterization suggests that γδT cells do not contribute to basal sensitivity or the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Petrović
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Raymondi Silva
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney A. Bannerman
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Julia P. Segal
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Abigail S. Marshall
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cortney M. Haird
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Gilron
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nader Ghasemlou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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253
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Scott BNV, Sarkar T, Kratofil RM, Kubes P, Thanabalasuriar A. Unraveling the host's immune response to infection: Seeing is believing. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:323-335. [PMID: 30776153 PMCID: PMC6849780 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri1218-503r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been appreciated that understanding the interactions between the host and the pathogens that make us sick is critical for the prevention and treatment of disease. As antibiotics become increasingly ineffective, targeting the host and specific bacterial evasion mechanisms are becoming novel therapeutic approaches. The technology used to understand host‐pathogen interactions has dramatically advanced over the last century. We have moved away from using simple in vitro assays focused on single‐cell events to technologies that allow us to observe complex multicellular interactions in real time in live animals. Specifically, intravital microscopy (IVM) has improved our understanding of infection, from viral to bacterial to parasitic, and how the host immune system responds to these infections. Yet, at the same time it has allowed us to appreciate just how complex these interactions are and that current experimental models still have a number of limitations. In this review, we will discuss the advances in vivo IVM has brought to the study of host‐pathogen interactions, focusing primarily on bacterial infections and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney N V Scott
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tina Sarkar
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel M Kratofil
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Microbial Sciences, MedImmune/AstraZeneca LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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254
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Chang RB. Body thermal responses and the vagus nerve. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:209-216. [PMID: 30634012 PMCID: PMC7061531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While thermosensation from external environment has been extensively studied, physiological responses to temperature changes inside the body and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are less understood. As a critical link between body and brain that relays visceral organ information and regulates numerous physiological functions, the vagus nerve has been proposed to mediate diverse visceral thermal reflexes and indirectly regulate body temperature. However, the precise role of the vagus nerve in body thermal responses or visceral organ-related thermoregulation is still under debate due to extensive contradictory results. This data discrepancy is likely due to the high cell heterogeneity in the vagus nerve, as diverse vagal neuron types mediate numerous and sometimes opposite physiological functions. Here, we will review evidences that support and against the role of the vagus nerve in body thermosensation and thermoregulation and discuss potential future approaches for better understanding of this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States.
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255
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Arkless K, Argunhan F, Brain SD. CGRP Discovery and Timeline. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 255:1-12. [PMID: 30430259 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was discovered over about 35 years ago through molecular biological techniques. Its activity as a vasodilator and the proposal that it was involved in pain processing were then soon established. Today, we are in the interesting situation of having the approval for the clinical use of antagonists and antibodies that have proved to block CGRP activities and benefit migraine. Despite all, there is still much to learn concerning the relevance of the vasodilator and other activities as well as further potential applications of CGRP agonists and blockers in disease. This review aims to discuss the history and present knowledge and to act as an introductory chapter in this volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Arkless
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fulye Argunhan
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan D Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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256
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Chesné J, Cardoso V, Veiga-Fernandes H. Neuro-immune regulation of mucosal physiology. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:10-20. [PMID: 30089849 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal barriers constitute major body surfaces that are in constant contact with the external environment. Mucosal sites are densely populated by a myriad of distinct neurons and immune cell types that sense, integrate and respond to multiple environmental cues. In the recent past, neuro-immune interactions have been reported to play central roles in mucosal health and disease, including chronic inflammatory conditions, allergy and infectious diseases. Discrete neuro-immune cell units act as building blocks of this bidirectional multi-tissue cross-talk, ensuring mucosal tissue health and integrity. Herein, we will focus on reciprocal neuro-immune interactions in the airways and intestine. Such neuro-immune cross-talk maximizes sensing and integration of environmental aggressions, which can be considered an important paradigm shift in our current views of mucosal physiology and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chesné
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Cardoso
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal
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257
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Yaksh TL, Di Nardo A. Complexity of systems and actions underlying neurogenic inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:225-228. [PMID: 29779134 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Anna Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0869 , La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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258
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Umans BD, Liberles SD. Neural Sensing of Organ Volume. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:911-924. [PMID: 30143276 PMCID: PMC6252275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many internal organs change volume periodically. For example, the stomach accommodates ingested food and drink, the bladder stores urine, the heart fills with blood, and the lungs expand with every breath. Specialized peripheral sensory neurons function as mechanoreceptors that detect tissue stretch to infer changes in organ volume and then relay this information to the brain. Central neural circuits process this information and evoke perceptions (satiety, nausea), control physiology (breathing, heart rate), and impact behavior (feeding, micturition). Yet, basic questions remain about how neurons sense organ distension and whether common sensory motifs are involved across organs. Here, we review candidate mechanosensory receptors, cell types, and neural circuits, focusing on the stomach, bladder, and airways. Understanding mechanisms of organ stretch sensation may provide new ways to treat autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Umans
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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259
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Neural regulation of drug resistance in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:20-28. [PMID: 30419311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of cancer has made great progress. However, drug resistance remains problematic. Multiple physiologic processes of tumor development can be dominated by central and sympathetic nervous systems. The interactions between the nervous system, immune system, and tumor occur consistently and dynamically. Recent evidence suggests that nerves and neural signals are intimately involved in the development of resistance to cancer therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent progress in this rapidly growing area and discuss the potential new strategies for targeting the neural signaling pathway to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies.
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260
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McGovern AE, Short KR, Kywe Moe AA, Mazzone SB. Translational review: Neuroimmune mechanisms in cough and emerging therapeutic targets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1392-1402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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261
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Abstract
The interplay between the immune and nervous systems has been acknowledged in the past, but only more recent studies have started to unravel the cellular and molecular players of such interactions. Mounting evidence indicates that environmental signals are sensed by discrete neuro-immune cell units (NICUs), which represent defined anatomical locations in which immune and neuronal cells colocalize and functionally interact to steer tissue physiology and protection. These units have now been described in multiple tissues throughout the body, including lymphoid organs, adipose tissue, and mucosal barriers. As such, NICUs are emerging as important orchestrators of multiple physiological processes, including hematopoiesis, organogenesis, inflammation, tissue repair, and thermogenesis. In this review we focus on the impact of NICUs in tissue physiology and how this fast-evolving field is driving a paradigm shift in our understanding of immunoregulation and organismal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Godinho-Silva
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal; , ,
| | - Filipa Cardoso
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal; , ,
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262
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Itch induced by peripheral mu opioid receptors is dependent on TRPV1-expressing neurons and alleviated by channel activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15551. [PMID: 30341332 PMCID: PMC6195532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids remain the gold standard for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, their analgesic properties come with important side effects, including pruritus, which occurs frequently after systemic or neuraxial administration. Although part of the opioid-induced itch is mediated centrally, recent evidence shows that the opioid receptor system in the skin also modulates itch. The goal of our study was to identify the peripherally located transducer mechanisms involved in opioid-induced pruritus. Scratching behaviors in response to an intradermal injection of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) was quantified in mast cell-, PAR2- and TRPV1-deficient mice or following ablation of TRPV1+ sensory neurons. We found that mast cells−/−, PAR-2−/−, or TRPV1−/− mice still exhibit DAMGO-induced itch responses. However, we show that ablation of TRPV1+ neurons or acute TRPV1 activation by capsaicin abolishes DAMGO-induced itch. Overall, our work shows that peripheral DAMGO-induced itch is dependent on the presence of TRPV1-expressing pruriceptors, but not the TRPV1 channel itself. Activation of these fibers by capsaicin prevents the opioid-induced itch.
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263
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Sui P, Wiesner DL, Xu J, Zhang Y, Lee J, Van Dyken S, Lashua A, Yu C, Klein BS, Locksley RM, Deutsch G, Sun X. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells amplify allergic asthma responses. Science 2018; 360:eaan8546. [PMID: 29599193 PMCID: PMC6387886 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are rare airway epithelial cells whose function is poorly understood. Here we show that Ascl1-mutant mice that have no PNECs exhibit severely blunted mucosal type 2 response in models of allergic asthma. PNECs reside in close proximity to group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) near airway branch points. PNECs act through calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to stimulate ILC2s and elicit downstream immune responses. In addition, PNECs act through the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to induce goblet cell hyperplasia. The instillation of a mixture of CGRP and GABA in Ascl1-mutant airways restores both immune and goblet cell responses. In accordance, lungs from human asthmatics show increased PNECs. These findings demonstrate that the PNEC-ILC2 neuroimmunological modules function at airway branch points to amplify allergic asthma responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Sui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Darin L Wiesner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jinhao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steven Van Dyken
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amber Lashua
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chuyue Yu
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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264
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Neuroimmunology: No pain, all gain. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18:222-223. [PMID: 29545640 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2018.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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