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Parikh F, Duluc D, Imai N, Clark A, Misiukiewicz K, Bonomi M, Gupta V, Patsias A, Parides M, Demicco EG, Zhang DY, Kim-Schulze S, Kao J, Gnjatic S, Oh S, Posner MR, Sikora AG. Chemoradiotherapy-induced upregulation of PD-1 antagonizes immunity to HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7205-16. [PMID: 25320012 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While viral antigens in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) are attractive targets for immunotherapy, the effects of existing standard-of-care therapies on immune responses to HPV are poorly understood. We serially sampled blood from patients with stage III-IV oropharyngeal cancer undergoing concomitant chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy. Circulating immunocytes including CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were profiled by flow cytometry. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were measured in response to HPV16 E6 and E7 peptide pools. The role of PD-1 signaling in treatment-related immunosuppression was functionally defined by performing HPV-specific T-cell assays in the presence of blocking antibody. While HPV-specific T-cell responses were present in 13 of 18 patients before treatment, 10 of 13 patients lost these responses within 3 months after chemoradiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy decreased circulating T cells and markedly elevated MDSCs. PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells increased by nearly 2.5-fold after chemoradiotherapy, and ex vivo culture with PD-1-blocking antibody enhanced HPV-specific T-cell responses in 8 of 18 samples tested. Chemoradiotherapy suppresses circulating immune responses in patients with HPVOPC by unfavorably altering effector:suppressor immunocyte ratios and upregulating PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells. These data strongly support testing of PD-1-blocking agents in combination with standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy for HPVOPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Parikh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Naoko Imai
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Amelia Clark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Krzys Misiukiewicz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Marcello Bonomi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexis Patsias
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Parides
- Health Evidence and Policy, Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Johnny Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sangkon Oh
- Baylor Institute of Immunology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Marshall R Posner
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Friedman JM, Stavas MJ, Cmelak AJ. Clinical and scientific impact of human papillomavirus on head and neck cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:781-91. [PMID: 25302178 PMCID: PMC4129541 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i4.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) arises from the skull base to the clavicles and is the fifth most common cancer in the world by incidence. Historically, in the developed world HNC was associated with tobacco use and alcohol consumption, and the combination of the two produced a synergistic increase in risk. However, beginning in 1983, investigators have found a significant and growing proportion of HNC patients with human papillomavirus-positive (HPV) tumors who neither drank nor used tobacco. Since that time, there has been increased interest in the molecular biology of HPV-positive HNC. Multiple studies now show that HPV has shifted the epidemiological landscape and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). These studies provide strong evidence for improved survival outcomes in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. In many reports, HPV status is the strongest predictor of locoregional control, disease specific survival and overall survival. In response to these findings, there has been significant interest in the best management of HPV-positive disease. Discussions within major cooperative groups consider new trials designed to maintain the current strong survival outcomes while reducing the long-term treatment-related toxicities. This review will highlight the epidemiological, clinical and molecular discoveries surrounding HPV-related HNSCC over the recent decades and we conclude by suggesting how these findings may guide future treatment approaches.
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Grimm M, Iftner T, Altaki H, Iftner A, Peters J, Munz A, Reinert S. Detection of mutation-specific epidermal growth factor receptor (E746–A750del) and lack of detection of human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:1199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Masterson L, Moualed D, Liu ZW, Howard JEF, Dwivedi RC, Tysome JR, Benson R, Sterling JC, Sudhoff H, Jani P, Goon PKC. De-escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2636-48. [PMID: 25091798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Iatrogenic complications associated with current treatment protocols for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma are noted to cause high rates of acute and chronic morbidity. The aims of this study are to provide an overview of the current de-escalation trials for human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal carcinoma and to evaluate the evidence supporting improved response to treatment of patients within this viral cohort. This study reviewed all completed or in progress randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing clinical interventions for human papillomavirus-associated locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We utilised a validated 'risk of bias' tool to assess study quality. We identified nine RCTs that met the full inclusion criteria for this review (all of which are currently on-going and will report from 2015 onwards). Five RCTs performed a post hoc analysis by HPV status, which allowed meta-analysis of 1130 patients. The data reveal a significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.49 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35-0.69]), loco-regional failure (HR 0.43 [95% CI 0.17-1.11]) and disease specific survival (0.41 [95% 0.3-0.56]) in favour of the HPV+ category. In considering de-escalation treatment protocols, nine studies are currently ongoing. Our meta-analysis provides strong evidence for an improved prognosis in the viral associated cohort when treated by platinum based chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy or primary radiotherapy. So far, one trial (with moderate to high risk of bias) suggests a reduced survival outcome for the HPV+ population when using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Masterson
- ENT Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel Moualed
- ENT Department, Milton Keynes Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Zi Wei Liu
- ENT Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James E F Howard
- Oncology Centre, University College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Raghav C Dwivedi
- ENT Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Tysome
- ENT Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bielefeld Academic Teaching Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Piyush Jani
- ENT Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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HPV in oropharyngeal cancer: the basics to know in clinical practice. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2014; 34:299-309. [PMID: 25709145 PMCID: PMC4299160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rising in contrast to the decreasing incidence of carcinomas in other subsites of the head and neck, in spite of the reduced prevalence of smoking. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and in particular type 16 (HPV-16), is now recognized as a significant player in the onset of HPV positive OPSCC, with different epidemiological, clinical, anatomical, radiological, behavioural, biological and prognostic characteristics from HPV negative OPSCC. Indeed, the only subsite in the head and neck with a demonstrated aetiological viral link is, at present, the oropharynx. These observations lead to questions regarding management choices for patients based on tumour HPV status with important consequences on treatment, and on the role of vaccines and targeted therapy over the upcoming years.
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256
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Krüger M, Pabst A, Walter C, Sagheb K, Günther C, Blatt S, Weise K, Al-Nawas B, Ziebart T. The prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in oral squamous cell carcinomas: A retrospective analysis of 88 patients and literature overview. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:1506-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Mackenzie P, Pryor D, Burmeister E, Foote M, Panizza B, Burmeister B, Porceddu S. T-category Remains an Important Prognostic Factor for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma in the Era of Human Papillomavirus. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:643-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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258
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Abstract
The striking rise in the incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and their improved prognosis compared to classical oropharyngeal cancer raises the question as to whether this subset of patients could benefit from less aggressive treatment without compromising efficacy. To achieve that goal, it is critically important to advance our understanding of the behavior of HPV-positive tumors. It is necessary to identify relevant clinical risk factors and to refine the current staging system. Several clinical trials studying various deintensification strategies are currently underway. This review presents some of the most valuable evidence in this regard in an attempt to encourage further exploration of risk stratification and risk-based therapy for patients with oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica George
- Medway Maritime Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, UK,
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259
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Chung CH, Zhang Q, Kong CS, Harris J, Fertig EJ, Harari PM, Wang D, Redmond KP, Shenouda G, Trotti A, Raben D, Gillison ML, Jordan RC, Le QT. p16 protein expression and human papillomavirus status as prognostic biomarkers of nonoropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:3930-8. [PMID: 25267748 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.54.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although p16 protein expression, a surrogate marker of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is recognized as a prognostic marker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), its prevalence and significance have not been well established in cancer of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, or larynx, collectively referred as non-OPSCC, where HPV infection is less common than in the oropharynx. PATIENTS AND METHODS p16 expression and high-risk HPV status in non-OPSCCs from RTOG 0129, 0234, and 0522 studies were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Hazard ratios from Cox models were expressed as positive or negative, stratified by trial, and adjusted for clinical characteristics. RESULTS p16 expression was positive in 14.1% (12 of 85), 24.2% (23 of 95), and 19.0% (27 of 142) and HPV ISH was positive in 6.5% (six of 93), 14.6% (15 of 103), and 6.9% (seven of 101) of non-OPSCCs from RTOG 0129, 0234, and 0522 studies, respectively. Hazard ratios for p16 expression were 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.95; P = .03) and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.89; P = .01) for progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. Comparing OPSCC and non-OPSCC, patients with p16-positive OPSCC have better PFS and OS than patients with p16-positive non-OPSCC, but patients with p16-negative OPSCC and non-OPSCC have similar outcomes. CONCLUSION Similar to results in patients with OPSCC, patients with p16-negative non-OPSCC have worse outcomes than patients with p16-positive non-OPSCC, and HPV may also have a role in outcome in a subset of non-OPSCC. However, further development of a p16 IHC scoring system in non-OPSCC and improvement of HPV detection methods are warranted before broad application in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Chung
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Christina S Kong
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Jonathan Harris
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Paul M Harari
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Dian Wang
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Kevin P Redmond
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - George Shenouda
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Andy Trotti
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - David Raben
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Maura L Gillison
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Richard C Jordan
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Christine H. Chung and Elana J. Fertig, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Qiang Zhang and Jonathan Harris, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Statistical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Christina S. Kong and Quynh-Thu Le, Stanford University, Stanford; Richard C. Jordan, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Paul M. Harari, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison; Dian Wang, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Kevin P. Redmond, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati; Maura L. Gillison, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; George Shenouda, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Andy Trotti, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; and David Raben, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
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260
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Finnigan JP, Sikora AG. Counseling the patient with potentially HPV-related newly diagnosed head and neck cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2014; 16:375. [PMID: 24488548 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of a clinically distinct subset of head and neck cancers (HNC) caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) necessitates critical reevaluation of the existing counseling paradigm for patients with newly diagnosed HNC. Herein we propose a structural framework for patient counseling in which HPV testing is incorporated and the impact of HPV-status is discussed in the context of multiple medical and psychosocial domains. We strive to maintain a balance between making recommendations based on the best available scientific evidence and acknowledgment of uncertainty for both patients and providers. We anticipate that both the standard-of-care diagnostic workup and treatment, and counseling guidelines for these patients will change rapidly in the years ahead, as data from ongoing and planned prospective clinical trials become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Finnigan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,
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261
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Heiduschka G, Grah A, Oberndorfer F, Kadletz L, Altorjai G, Kornek G, Wrba F, Thurnher D, Selzer E. Improved survival in HPV/p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 191:209-16. [PMID: 25252603 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the literature, HPV infection and/or p16 positivity have been consistently demonstrated to correlate with improved response rates in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients treated with primary radiotherapy (RT) alone and in combination with chemotherapy. However, the exact role of HPV/p16 positivity in patients treated with postoperative RT is still unclear. METHODS We analyzed tumor samples for HPV-DNA and p16 expression and correlated these variables with treatment outcome in a series of 63 consecutively treated oropharyngeal cancer patients (95% stage III/IV). HPV and p16 analysis were performed using validated test systems. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to compare the risk of death among patients stratified according to risk factors. RESULTS Expression of p16 or high-risk HPV-DNA was detected in 60.3% and 39.6% of the tumors, respectively. p16 expression [overall survival (OS) at 2 years: 91%] as well as HPV infection (OS at 2 years: 95%) was associated with improved OS. Mean survival in p16-positive patients was 112 months compared to 64.6 months in case of p16 negativity. All HPV-positive tumors stained positive for p16. In a multivariable analysis, p16 positivity was associated with improved OS and with disease-free survival. CONCLUSION p16 expression and HPV infection are strongly associated with the outcome of postoperatively irradiated OPSCC patients. HPV and p16 double-negative OPSCC patients should be regarded as a distinct "very high-risk patient group" that may benefit from intensified or novel treatment combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Heiduschka
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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262
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Chau NG, Rabinowits G, Haddad RI. Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharynx Cancer (HPV-OPC): Treatment Options. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2014; 15:595-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-014-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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263
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Bauman J, Wirth L. Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Growing Epidemic. ADOLESCENT MEDICINE: STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS 2014; 25:489-501. [PMID: 27132327 PMCID: PMC5957483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now considered a major causative agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP-SCC). The incidence of HPV+ OP-SCC is increasing dramatically, is higher in men, and is now more common than cervical cancer in the United States. HPV+ OPSCCs usually present as locally advanced, stage IV cancers, requiring intensive treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation that can cause tremendous morbidity. HPV vaccination is predicted to prevent HPV+ OP-SCC because over 90% are caused by vaccine-type HPV. However, current vaccination rates are not yet high enough to be effective at preventing HPV-associated malignancies at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bauman
- Corresponding author Jessica Bauman, MD, Phone: 617-724-4000 Fax: 617-643-0798
| | - Lori Wirth
- Medical Director of the Center for Head and Neck Cancers, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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264
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Psyrri A, Rampias T, Vermorken JB. The current and future impact of human papillomavirus on treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:2101-2115. [PMID: 25057165 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) was traditionally associated with smoking and alcohol use; however, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has recently been implicated as a novel risk factor for oropharyngeal tumors. Furthermore, HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) appears to be a distinct entity with different epidemiology, biology, and clinical outcomes. METHODS Here, we comprehensively review the existing data regarding HPV status and prognostic or predictive outcomes in both the locoregionally advanced (LA) and recurrent/metastatic (RM) disease setting and discuss ongoing trials that may eventually impact the treatment of patients with HPV-positive (HPV+) SCCHN. RESULTS A body of retrospective and prospective data established an association between HPV+ OPC and better survival, particularly for LA disease. Current data on RM disease are limited, but they also suggest prognostic significance for HPV. CONCLUSIONS Better outcomes in HPV+ LA disease may allow for less aggressive treatment in the future, and several trials are evaluating deintensified regimens in patients with HPV+, LA OPC; it should be emphasized that deintensification strategies are appropriate only in a clinical research setting and only for selected subgroups of HPV+ patients. In addition, HPV-targeted strategies, such as vaccines, are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. On the other hand, the prognostic impact of HPV in RM disease requires further validation before any modifications in treatment can be made. Likewise, the predictive significance of HPV status in both disease settings remains to be defined. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBERS NCT00226239, NCT00301028, NCT00387127, NCT00410826, NCT00503997, NCT00514943, NCT00544414, NCT00768664, NCT00939627, NCT01084083, NCT01302834, NCT01687413, NCT01706939.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Psyrri
- Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - T Rampias
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - J B Vermorken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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265
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Vatca M, Lucas JT, Laudadio J, D'Agostino RB, Waltonen JD, Sullivan CA, Rouchard-Plasser R, Matsangou M, Browne JD, Greven KM, Porosnicu M. Retrospective analysis of the impact of HPV status and smoking on mucositis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:869-76. [PMID: 24998139 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The standard concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens for patients with oropharyngeal cancer are highly toxic. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has recently emerged as a distinct biological and clinical entity with improved response to treatment and prognosis. A tailored therapeutic approach is needed to optimize patient care. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of HPV and smoking status on early toxicities (primarily mucositis) associated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with OPSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 72 consecutive patients with OPSCC and known HPV status treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy at our institution. Treatment-related toxicities were stratified by smoking and HPV status and compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS HPV-positive patients had a 6.86-fold increase in the risk of having severe, grade 3-4 mucositis. This effect was preserved after adjusting for patient smoking status, nodal stage, radiotherapy technique and radiotherapy maximum dose. Additionally, HPV status had significant effect on the objective weight loss during treatment and at three months after treatment. Consistently, non-smokers had a significant 2.70-fold increase in the risk of developing severe mucositis. CONCLUSION Risk factors for OPSCC modify the incidence of treatment-related early toxicities, with HPV-positive and non-smoking status correlating with increased risk of high grade mucositis and associated outcomes. Retrospective single-institution studies need to be interpreted cautiously. However, this finding is important to consider when designing therapeutic strategies for HPV-positive patients and merits further investigation in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vatca
- Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J T Lucas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J Laudadio
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - R B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J D Waltonen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - C A Sullivan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - R Rouchard-Plasser
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - M Matsangou
- Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - J D Browne
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - K M Greven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - M Porosnicu
- Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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266
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Zandberg DP, Strome SE. The role of the PD-L1:PD-1 pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:627-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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267
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Rahmati R, Dogan S, Pyke O, Palmer F, Awad M, Lee N, Kraus DH, Shah JP, Patel SG, Ganly I. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil managed by conventional surgery and postoperative radiation. Head Neck 2014; 37:800-7. [PMID: 24616252 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to report the long-term outcome of patients with squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the tonsil managed by surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). METHODS Eighty-eight patients treated between 1985 and 2005 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Forty-eight percent of patients had T3 to T4 disease and 75% had a positive neck. Five-year OS, DSS, and RFS were 66%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. The status of the neck was not predictive of outcome (DSS 80% for N0 vs 82% for N+; p = .97). Lymphovascular invasion was an independent predictor of OS, DSS, and RFS on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Lymphovascular invasion but not pathological stage of the neck is an independent predictor of outcome in patients with tonsillar SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatullah Rahmati
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Owen Pyke
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,State University of New York - Stony Brook, School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Frank Palmer
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mahmoud Awad
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dennis H Kraus
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Head and Neck Institute, North Shore Health System, Great Neck, New York
| | - Jatin P Shah
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Snehal G Patel
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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268
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Woods RSR, O’Regan EM, Kennedy S, Martin C, O’Leary JJ, Timon C. Role of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A review. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:172-193. [PMID: 24945004 PMCID: PMC4061306 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i6.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, traditional paradigms in relation to the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been changing. Research into HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is rapidly expanding, however many molecular pathological and clinical aspects of the role of HPV remain uncertain and are the subject of ongoing investigation. A detailed search of the literature pertaining to HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was performed and information on the topic was gathered. In this article, we present an extensive review of the current literature on the role of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in relation to epidemiology, risk factors, carcinogenesis, biomarkers and clinical implications. HPV has been established as a causative agent in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and biologically active HPV can act as a prognosticator with better overall survival than HPV-negative tumours. A distinct group of younger patients with limited tobacco and alcohol exposure have emerged as characteristic of this HPV-related subset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are not completely understood and further studies are needed to assist development of optimal prevention and treatment modalities.
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269
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Zandberg DP, Liu S, Goloubeva OG, Schumaker LM, Cullen KJ. Emergence of HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancer in Black patients over time: University of Maryland 1992-2007. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 8:12-9. [PMID: 24916537 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0089-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
While we previously reported a striking racial difference in the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC), less is known about differences in outcomes and trends over time in OPSCC by HPV status and race. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 467 patients with OPSCC treated at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center (Baltimore, MD) between 1992 and 2007, of which 200 had tissue available for HPV16 testing. HPV16-positive patients were significantly more likely to be white, with 45.5% of whites and 15.5% of blacks testing positive for HPV16. There was a significant increase in HPV16-positive OPSCC for all patients over time from 15.6% in 1992 to 1995 to 43.3% in 2004 to 2007 (P = 0.01). From 1992 to 1995, 33% of white patients were HPV16-positive, with no black patients positive. From 2004 to 2007, 17.7% of black patients and 54% of white patients were HPV16-positive. White and black patients with HPV16-positive tumors had an identical and favorable overall survival (OS; median, 8.1 and 8.1 years, respectively). However, among HPV16-negative patients, whites had an improved OS compared with blacks (median, 2.3 vs. 0.9 years, respectively; P = 0.02), including when analyzed in a multivariable Cox regression model. From 1992 to 2007, the percentage of HPV16-positive OPSCC increased for white patients and was seen for the first time in black patients. While survival for HPV-positive black and white patients was similar and favorable, outcomes for HPV-negative patients were poor, with blacks having worse survival even after controlling for baseline characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P Zandberg
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sandy Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olga G Goloubeva
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Schumaker
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kevin J Cullen
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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270
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Seiwert T. Accurate HPV testing: a requirement for precision medicine for head and neck cancer. Ann Oncol 2014; 24:2711-3. [PMID: 24170608 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Seiwert
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago
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271
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Cobos C, Figueroa JA, Mirandola L, Colombo M, Summers G, Figueroa A, Aulakh A, Konala V, Verma R, Riaz J, Wade R, Saadeh C, Rahman RL, Pandey A, Radhi S, Nguyen DD, Jenkins M, Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E. The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in non-anogenital cancer and the promise of immunotherapy: a review. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:383-401. [PMID: 24811210 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.911857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, human papilloma virus (HPV) has been shown to play a role in the development of various cancers. Most notably, HPV has been linked to malignant progression in neoplasms of the anogenital region. However, high-risk HPV has also been suggested to play a significant role in the development of cancers in other anatomic locations, such as the head and neck, lung, breast and bladder. In 2006, the first vaccine for HPV, Gardasil, was approved for the prevention of subtypes 6, 11, 16 and 18. A few years later, Cevarix was approved for the prevention of subtypes 16 and 18, the HPV subtypes most frequently implicated in malignant progression. Although increased awareness and vaccination could drastically decrease the incidence of HPV-positive cancers, these approaches do not benefit patients who have already contracted HPV and developed cancer as a result. For this reason, researchers need to continue developing treatment modalities, such as targeted immunotherapies, for HPV-positive lesions. Here, we review the potential evidence linking HPV infection with the development of non-anogenital cancers and the potential role of immunotherapy in the prevention and eradication of HPV infection and its oncogenic sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Cobos
- 1Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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272
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Marur S, Burtness B. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treatment: current standards and future directions. Curr Opin Oncol 2014; 26:252-8. [PMID: 24626127 PMCID: PMC5813288 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the changing landscape and significant developments in the diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. RECENT FINDINGS High-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) have been recognized as important causative factors for oropharyngeal cancer. The diagnosis is established with type-specific and broad-spectrum in-situ hybridization probes and/or p16 immunohistochemistry assays on fresh frozen paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. HPV-associated tumors have superior response and outcomes compared with HPV-unrelated tumors. Retrospective studies have been able to stratify oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on HPV status, tumor stage, nodal stage, and smoking history into risk groups with differing risks of death or distant disease. Selected patients, nonsmokers with less advanced nodal stage, may be overtreated with current treatment paradigms, and deintensification of curative therapy is a current research focus for these patients. Smokers, patients with advanced nodal or tumor stage, and those with HPV-unrelated cancers have a less favorable prognosis and the search for novel targets is particularly important for these patients. SUMMARY The present review will highlight the current standards and the future direction of novel therapies in both HPV-associated and HPV-unrelated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Marur
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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273
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Significance of p16 expression in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and cetuximab. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:832-8. [PMID: 24715244 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV-infection, p16 positivity, and EGFR expression have been correlated with favorable responses of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy. However, a possible correlation of HPV/p16 and EGFR status on the effect of RT in combination with cetuximab has not been sufficiently investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed tumor samples for p16 and EGFR expression and correlated these variables with treatment outcome. Cox-proportional-hazard regression models were applied to compare the risk of death among patients stratified according to risk factors. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results were compared with an institutional historical control group treated without cetuximab and with published data. RESULTS Expression of p16 was predominantly found in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer patients (OPSCC; 36.6% positivity; 92% of all cases), while EGFR was expressed at high levels in all tumor subsites (82%). p16 expression was associated with improved overall survival in irradiated OPSCC patients (2-year overall survival of 80% in p16-positive vs. 33% overall survival in p16-negative patients). In a multivariable analysis covering all tumor sites, nodal stage (> N2a vs. ≤ N2a) and tumor site (OPSSC vs. non-OPSCC) had an impact on overall survival. CONCLUSION Our results show that p16 positivity is associated with a favorable outcome in OPSCC patients treated with RT and cetuximab.
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274
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Stein AP, Saha S, Yu M, Kimple RJ, Lambert PF. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the United States across time. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:462-9. [PMID: 24641254 PMCID: PMC4002059 DOI: 10.1021/tx500034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Human
papillomaviruses (HPVs) are involved in approximately 5%
of all human cancer. Although initially recognized for causing nearly
all cases of cervical carcinoma, much data has now emerged implicating
HPVs as a causal factor in other anogenital cancers as well as a subset
of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), most commonly
oropharyngeal cancers. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated
that patients with HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)
have improved survival compared to patients with HPV– cancers.
Furthermore, epidemiological evidence shows the incidence of OPSCC
has been steadily rising over time in the United States. It has been
proposed that an increase in HPV-related OPSCCs is the driving force
behind the increasing rate of OPSCC. Although some studies have revealed
an increase in HPV+ head and neck malignancies over time in specific
regions of the United States, there has not been a comprehensive study
validating this trend across the entire country. Therefore, we undertook
this meta-analysis to assess all literature through August 2013 that
reported on the prevalence of HPV in OPSCC for patient populations
within the United States. The results show an increase in the prevalence
of HPV+ OPSCC from 20.9% in the pre-1990 time period to 51.4% in 1990–1999
and finally to 65.4% for 2000–present. In this manner, our
study provides further evidence to support the hypothesis that HPV-associated
OPSCCs are driving the increasing incidence of OPSCC over time in
the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stein
- Departments of †Oncology, ‡Human Oncology, and §Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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275
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Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has markedly increased over the last three decades mostly due to human papillomavirus (HPV)-related infections. Cancers resulting from HPV infection bear a better prognosis than those that are smoking-related. Because HPV-positive patients are often younger, with lower rates of co-morbid illness and longer overall life expectancies, long-term sequelae of therapy have become an important issue. Treatment of oropharyngeal cancers has typically involved the use of radiation and chemotherapy to avoid the morbidity of open surgery which included mandibulotomy and composite resection. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an emerging treatment option for this disease, avoiding the morbidity of open approaches while providing excellent oncologic and functional outcomes. With overall survival rate at 2 years exceeding 80%, and local failure rate of less than 3%, patients receiving TORS report relatively good health-related quality of life (QOL) scores. The aim of the current review is to provide a summary of the current literature with regard to the oncologic and functional outcomes following treatment of OPSCC with TORS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Duek
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Salem Billan
- The Oncology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, the Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziv Gil
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, the Clinical Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Technion, Haifa, Israel
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276
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Blitzer GC, Smith MA, Harris SL, Kimple RJ. Review of the clinical and biologic aspects of human papillomavirus-positive squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 88:761-70. [PMID: 24606845 PMCID: PMC3990872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a known etiology of a subset of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNCs), causes numerous alterations in normal cellular functions. This article reviews the biology, detection, and treatment of HPV-positive HNC. The role of HPV oncoproteins in tumor development, the natural history of HPV infection, and risk factors for and prevention of transmission of oral HPV are considered. Commonly used methods for detecting HPV infection, including limitations of these methods, are discussed to aid the practicing clinician in using these tests in their clinical practice. Clinical characteristics of HPV-positive HNC, including potential explanations for the improved outcomes seen in patients with HPV-positive HNC, are assessed. Ongoing clinical trials specific for patients with HPV-positive HNC are described, and areas in need of additional research are summarized. Until the results of ongoing trials are known, treatment of HPV-positive HNC should not differ in clinical practice from treatment of similar non-HPV related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Blitzer
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Molly A Smith
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
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277
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Bossi P, Orlandi E, Miceli R, Perrone F, Guzzo M, Mariani L, Granata R, Locati L, Fallai C, Cortelazzi B, Pilotti S, Scaramellini G, Gloghini A, Licitra L. Treatment-related outcome of oropharyngeal cancer patients differentiated by HPV dictated risk profile: a tertiary cancer centre series analysis. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:694-699. [PMID: 24510315 PMCID: PMC4433530 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no treatment modality has been identified as more effective for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), and no predictive factors are known to guide treatment decision for this disease. This retrospective study evaluates the differential effects of diverse treatment options for OPC according to patient risk profiles. PATIENTS AND METHODS We considered two series of locally advanced squamous cell OPC patients treated with either surgery followed by radiotherapy (surgical series) or chemoradiation (CRT) with/without induction docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) chemotherapy (CRT series). Smoking habits, tumor p16 expression/human papillomavirus (HPV) status and T and N stage were analyzed to stratify the patients according to Ang's risk profile (low, intermediate and high risk). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Globally, 171 patients were considered, 56 in surgical and 115 in CRT series. Patients were stratified in low- (20% of surgical and CRT groups), intermediate- (23% and 41%) and high-risk (57% and 39%) groups. In the surgical series, 5-year OS was 54.5%, 46.9% and 40.0% in low, intermediate and high Ang's risk profiles, respectively, whereas in the CRT series those were 100%, 78.9% and 46.7%, respectively. In the multivariable analyses, adjusting for inhomogeneity between the treatment group, the CRT effect was significantly higher in the low- and intermediate-risk groups (P-value for the interaction treatment risk group = 0.034 in the OS analysis). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective analysis, low- and intermediate-risk OPC patients had a better survival when treated with CRT compared with open surgery followed by radiation therapy. These data suggest that different treatment approaches might be essential in determining outcome results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bossi
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Unit.
| | | | - R Miceli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization Unit
| | - F Perrone
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology
| | - M Guzzo
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - L Mariani
- Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization Unit
| | - R Granata
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Unit
| | - L Locati
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Unit
| | | | - B Cortelazzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology
| | - S Pilotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology
| | - G Scaramellini
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - A Gloghini
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology
| | - L Licitra
- Head and Neck Cancer Medical Oncology Unit
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278
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Urban D, Corry J, Rischin D. What is the best treatment for patients with human papillomavirus-positive and -negative oropharyngeal cancer? Cancer 2014; 120:1462-70. [PMID: 24578320 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with a high and increasing percentage of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is among the most significant advances in the field of head and neck oncology. HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) has clinical, etiologic, pathologic, and molecular features that distinguish it from HPV-negative disease. Increasingly, HPVOPC is being diagnosed in clinical practice because of the easy availability of p16 immunohistochemistry, a surrogate marker of HPV. The superior prognosis of HPVOPC has led to a reexamination of treatment approaches, and clinical trials are currently investigating strategies to deintensify treatment to reduce acute and late toxicity while preserving efficacy. This is of particular interest in low-risk patients. Unfortunately, patients with HPV-negative tumors still have high rates of locoregional failure and more efficacious treatments are required. This review of oropharyngeal SCC focuses on current and investigational treatment strategies in patients with both HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Urban
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Head and Neck Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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279
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Masterson L, Moualed D, Masood A, Dwivedi RC, Benson R, Sterling JC, Rhodes KM, Sudhoff H, Jani P, Goon P. De-escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD010271. [PMID: 24532092 PMCID: PMC10654373 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010271.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas are a distinct subgroup of tumours that may have a better prognosis than traditional tobacco/alcohol-related disease. Iatrogenic complications, associated with conventional practice, are estimated to cause mortality of approximately 2% and high morbidity. As a result, clinicians are actively investigating the de-escalation of treatment protocols for disease with a proven viral aetiology. OBJECTIVES To summarise the available evidence regarding de-escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-associated, locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 25 June 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials investigating de-escalation treatment protocols for human papillomavirus-associated, locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma. Specific de-escalation categories were: 1) bioradiotherapy (experimental) versus chemoradiotherapy (control); 2) radiotherapy (experimental) versus chemoradiotherapy (control); and 3) low-dose (experimental) versus standard-dose radiotherapy (control). The outcomes of interest were overall and disease-specific survival, treatment-related morbidity, quality of life and cost. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three authors independently selected studies from the search results and extracted data. We planned to use the Cochrane 'Risk of bias' tool to assess study quality. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any completed randomised controlled trials that could be included in the current version of this systematic review. We did, however, identify seven ongoing trials that will meet our inclusion criteria. These studies will report from 2014 onwards. We excluded 30 studies on methodological grounds (seven randomised trials with post hoc analysis by human papillomavirus status, 11 prospective trials and 12 ongoing studies). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently insufficient high-quality evidence for, or against, de-escalation of treatment for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma. Future trials should be multicentre to ensure adequate power. Adverse events, morbidity associated with treatment, quality of life outcomes and cost analyses should be reported in a standard format to facilitate comparison with other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Masterson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Daniel Moualed
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentSwindonUK
| | - Ajmal Masood
- Norfolk and Norwich University HospitalENT DepartmentNorwichUK
| | - Raghav C Dwivedi
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Richard Benson
- Addenbrooke's HospitalOncology CentreBox 193CambridgeUKCB2 2QQ
| | - Jane C Sterling
- Addenbrooke's HospitalDepartment of DermatologyBox 46CambridgeUKCB2 2QQ
| | - Kirsty M Rhodes
- University of CambridgeMRC Biostatistics UnitNewnham CollegeSidgwick AvenueCambridgeCambridgeshireUKCB3 DF
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Bielefeld Academic Teaching HospitalDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryTeutoburger Str. 50BielefeldGermany33604
| | - Piyush Jani
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Peter Goon
- University of CambridgeDepartment of PathologyCambridgeUK
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280
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Bresse X, Goergen C, Prager B, Joura E. Universal vaccination with the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Austria: impact on virus circulation, public health and cost–effectiveness analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 14:269-81. [DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2014.881253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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281
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Tural D, Kilickap S. Is taxane-cisplatin-fluorouracil superior to cisplatin-fluorouracil as induction chemotherapy in outcome in locally advanced head and neck cancers? J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:259. [PMID: 24297943 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.52.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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282
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Kann BH, Buckstein M, Carpenter TJ, Bakst R, Misiukiewicz K, Genden E, Posner M, Kostakoglu L, Som P, Gupta V. Radiographic extracapsular extension and treatment outcomes in locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 36:1689-94. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H. Kann
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Michael Buckstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Todd J. Carpenter
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Richard Bakst
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Krzysztof Misiukiewicz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Eric Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Marshall Posner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Lale Kostakoglu
- Department of Radiology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Peter Som
- Department of Radiology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
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283
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Starmer HM, Tippett D, Webster K, Quon H, Jones B, Hardy S, Gourin CG. Swallowing outcomes in patients with oropharyngeal cancer undergoing organ-preservation treatment. Head Neck 2014; 36:1392-7. [PMID: 24038454 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess swallowing outcomes in a cohort of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) undergoing nonoperative treatment. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients who completed videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) after nonoperative treatment of oropharyngeal SCC. All patients received intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) ± chemotherapy. Swallowing abnormalities were recorded and the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) quantified airway infiltration. RESULTS Posttreatment VFSS (n = 71) occurred at an average of 4.69 months posttreatment. Abnormal PAS was noted in 45% of swallow studies. Swallowing decompensations included reduced pharyngeal constriction (75%), epiglottic tilt (70%), cricopharyngeal opening (42%), and hyoid excursion (42%). The only variable independently associated with abnormal PAS was pretreatment swallowing difficulty (odds ratio [OR] = 4.02; p = .009). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that patients undergoing nonsurgical treatment for oropharyngeal SCC are at risk for posttreatment dysphagia. This suggests a need for dysphagia evaluation/management and refinement of interventions to minimize dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Starmer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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284
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Head and neck cancer. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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285
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Ihara H. [Diagnosis and treatment for head and neck cancer-virus association and characterization-]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 116:1064-6. [PMID: 24340791 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.116.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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286
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Nguyen TK, Iyer NG. Genetic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: The next-gen sequencing era. World J Med Genet 2013; 3:22-33. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v3.i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer in the world with approximately 650000 new cases diagnosed annually. Next-generation molecular techniques and results from phase 2 of the Cancer Genome Atlas becoming available have drastically improved our current knowledge on the genetics basis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. New insights and new perspectives on the mutational landscape implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma provide improved tools for prognostication. More importantly, depend on the patient’s tumor subtypes and prognosis, deescalated or more aggressive therapy maybe chosen to achieve greater potency while minimizing the toxicity of therapy. This paper aims to review our current knowledge on the genetic mutations and altered molecular pathways in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Some of the most common mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reported by the cancer genome atlas including TP53, NOTCH1, Rb, CDKN2A, Ras, PIK3CA and EGFR are described here. Additionally, the emerging role of epigenetics and the role of human papilloma virus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are also discussed in this review. The molecular pathways, clinical applications, actionable molecular targets and potential therapeutic strategies are highlighted and discussed in details.
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287
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Rietbergen MM, Snijders PJ, Beekzada D, Braakhuis BJ, Brink A, Heideman DA, Hesselink AT, Witte BI, Bloemena E, Baatenburg-De Jong RJ, René Leemans C, Brakenhoff RH. Molecular characterization of p16-immunopositive but HPV DNA-negative oropharyngeal carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2366-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Rietbergen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter J.F. Snijders
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Derakshan Beekzada
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn J.M. Braakhuis
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Brink
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Birgit I. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Pathology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology; VU University Medical Center/Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - C. René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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288
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Sinha P, Thorstad WT, Nussenbaum B, Haughey BH, Adkins DR, Kallogjeri D, Lewis JS. Distant metastasis in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a critical analysis of patterns and outcomes. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:45-51. [PMID: 24211084 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With good loco-regional control, disease failure in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) mainly results from distant metastasis (DM). Our objective was to characterize the patterns and clinical outcomes of DM in p16-positive OPSCC and compare these to patients with p16-negative disease. METHODS Primary OPSCC patients who developed DM after completing surgical or non-surgical treatment were identified and p16 status was evaluated. Patterns of DM and post-DM progression-free (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were assessed. RESULTS Forty-one of the 66 (62%) patients with DM were p16-positive. DM patterns were not statistically different by p16 status. However, p16-positive patients developed DM later in their course and had longer survival. All p16-negative patients either had progression or died within 24 months of DM detection whereas the 2-year post-DM PFS in the p16-positive group was 20% (95% CI: 8-32.5%, p=0.003). The 3-year post-DM disease-specific survival (DSS) estimate in the p16-positive patients was 16% (95% CI: 7-18%) while all p16-negative patients died within 34 months (p<0.001). p16-negativity, loco-regional disease, and no/palliative versus curative intent treatment were all associated with reduced post-DM DSS in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The DM pattern did not differ remarkably between p16-positive and negative OPSCC patients in our practice. In p16-positive OPSCC with pulmonary oligometastatic disease, curative intent treatment and optimized locoregional control for the index primary prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sinha
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - W T Thorstad
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - B Nussenbaum
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - B H Haughey
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D R Adkins
- Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D Kallogjeri
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J S Lewis
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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289
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Misiukiewicz K, Posner M. The SPECTRUM of findings in treatment options for recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. J Comp Eff Res 2013; 2:533-5. [DOI: 10.2217/cer.13.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of: Vermorken JB, Stohlmacher-Williams J, Davidenko I et al. Cisplatin and fluorouracil with or without panitumumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SPECTRUM): an open-label Phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 14(8), 697–710 (2013). In recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in the biological understanding of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) has become more evident. The EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway represents the main target of the new therapeutic agents currently in development and has proven to be efficacious in locally advanced SCCHN. The role of HPV in recurrent and metastatic disease for predicting response to EGFR monoclonal antibodies is still unknown. Today, cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, is the only targeted therapy approved for the treatment of SCCHN in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, in association with platinum-based chemotherapy. The identification of novel tumor targets has stimulated the search for other anti-EGFR agents with a more favorable side-effect profile, such as aspanitumumab, but the SPECTRUM study failed to meet its primary end point, stipulating the need to test these agents in clinical trials with a more appropriate choice of study end point. Overall survival, considered a gold standard, may be difficult to interpret if treatment only takes place in a small subinterval of overall survival, therefore, progression-free survival should be used as a surrogate end point for regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marshall Posner
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, NY, USA
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290
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Benson E, Li R, Eisele D, Fakhry C. The clinical impact of HPV tumor status upon head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:565-74. [PMID: 24134947 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is etiologically responsible for a distinct subset of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs). HPV-positive HNSCCs (HPV-HNSCCs) most commonly arise from the oropharynx and are responsible for the increasing incidence of oropharyngeal SCC (OSCC) in the United States (US) and abroad. HPV-positive OSCC (HPV-OSCC) has a unique demographic and risk factor profile and tumor biology. HPV-OSCC patients tend to be white, younger, and have a higher cumulative exposure to sexual behaviors as compared with HPV-negative OSCC patients. HPV-positive tumor status also significantly improves survival, and is indeed the single strongest prognostic factor for OSCC. The mechanisms that underlie the improved prognosis conferred by HPV-positive disease are unknown. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical impact of HPV status in HNSCC, particularly in OSCC, both in terms of the unique clinic-demographic profile and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Benson
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Ryan Li
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - David Eisele
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery., 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21204, United States; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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291
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Rietbergen MM, Braakhuis BJM, Moukhtari N, Bloemena E, Brink A, Sie D, Ylstra B, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Snijders PJF, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR. No evidence for active human papillomavirus (HPV) in fields surrounding HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:137-42. [PMID: 24118314 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) have a better prognosis than patients with HPV-negative OPSCCs. Important factors contributing to this better prognosis are relatively low numbers of local/regional recurrences (LRRs) and second primary tumors (SPTs) in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. These low numbers may be explained in addition by the absence of a 'field cancerization' effect, which is a cause of LRRs and SPTs in patients with HPV-negative OPSCC. We aimed to detect a possible 'field effect' in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. As HPV is involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis in OPSCCs, its presence is considered a reliable marker for the detection of such a field effect. Therefore, the presence of transcriptionally active HPV was analyzed in the mucosa surrounding HPV-positive OPSCCs. METHODS We included 20 patients who were surgically treated for an HPV-positive OPSCC in the period 2000-2006. Of each patient, the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor sample and all available resection margins were collected. In total, 97 resection margins were investigated with an average of five resection margins per tumor. All samples were analyzed for the presence of tumor and the presence of transcriptionally active HPV by HPV16-E6-mRNA detection. RESULTS All tumors were HPV16-E6-mRNA positive. HPV16-E6-mRNA could be detected in the resection margins that contained tumor (n = 6). All tumor-negative resection margins (n = 91) scored negative for HPV16-E6-mRNA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, transcriptional active HPV could not be detected in the mucosa surrounding an HPV-positive OPSCC, which suggests the absence of field effect. This observation may explain the lower number of LRRs and SPTs in HPV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Rietbergen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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292
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Petrelli F, Sarti E, Barni S. Predictive value of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 trials. Head Neck 2013; 36:750-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Petrelli
- Medical Oncology Unit; Oncology Department; Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Piazzale Ospedale 1 24047 Treviglio (BG) Italy
| | - Enrico Sarti
- Radiotherapy Unit; Oncology Department; Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Piazzale Ospedale 1 24047 Treviglio (BG) Italy
| | - Sandro Barni
- Medical Oncology Unit; Oncology Department; Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Piazzale Ospedale 1 24047 Treviglio (BG) Italy
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293
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Panwar A, Batra R, Lydiatt WM, Ganti AK. Human papilloma virus positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a growing epidemic. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:215-9. [PMID: 24080155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing despite a decrease in tobacco use. Almost 20-30% of patients with OPSCC do not have the traditional risk factors of smoking and alcohol use and in a vast majority of these patients, the human papilloma virus (HPV) appears to drive the malignant transformation. HPV induced malignant transformation is attributed to two viral oncogenes and their non-structural protein products (E6 and E7). These two proteins appear to affect carcinogenesis by their inhibitory effects on p53 and retinoblastoma proteins (Rb). Patients with HPV mediated OPSCC seem to have a better prognosis compared to their non-HPV counterparts. However, in the absence of strong evidence, standard of care at this time for OPSCC does not differ based on HPV status. Current research is focused on the role of de-escalation of treatment and elucidation of prognostic markers in this unique population. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of HPV mediated OPSCC and details the current evidence in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aru Panwar
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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294
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Burtness B, Bauman JE, Galloway T. Novel targets in HPV-negative head and neck cancer: overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibition. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:e302-9. [PMID: 23816296 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the head and neck that arise from habitual exposure to carcinogens have lower cure rates than those that arise from infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), and intensification of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation has not improved outcomes. HPV-negative head and neck cancers abundantly express EGFR, and the monoclonal antibody cetuximab, directed against EGFR, is the only targeted therapy that has improved disease survival so far. However, response rates to single-agent cetuximab are lower than 15%, and cetuximab given with chemotherapy or radiation leads to only a modest effect on survival. Thus, investigating the mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibition in HPV-negative head and neck cancer might help identify novel and active therapies. In this Review, we focus on therapies in development that target redundant receptor tyrosine kinases (eg, HER2 and MET), reduce or abrogate nuclear functions of EGFR, affect cellular trafficking by inhibition of histone deacetylase, or treatments that might address resistance that arises in the EGFR signalling stream (eg, aurora-kinase inhibitors and STAT decoys).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Burtness
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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295
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Wein RO. Acquired disorders of the thyroid following treatment for head and neck cancer. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:461-467. [PMID: 30754189 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2013.827396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The multimodality management of head and neck cancer routinely utilizes radiation therapy in treatment. The hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid gland may be included within treatment fields. The incidence of human papilloma virus-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma has seen a dramatic increase over the last 3 decades. Current guidelines for the long-term aftercare assessment advocate only for thyroid-stimulating hormone levels every 6-12 months after baseline posttreatment imaging. With a growing population of younger patients with a favorable prognosis exposed to therapeutic radiation therapy, it is anticipated that incidence of thyroid-associated complications, such as hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer, could increase significantly over time. Constructing a strategy for the long-term reassessment of these patients beyond existing guidelines may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O Wein
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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296
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Rietbergen MM, Brakenhoff RH, Bloemena E, Witte BI, Snijders PJF, Heideman DAM, Boon D, Koljenovic S, Baatenburg-de Jong RJ, Leemans CR. Human papillomavirus detection and comorbidity: critical issues in selection of patients with oropharyngeal cancer for treatment De-escalation trials. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2740-5. [PMID: 23946330 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infection in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a major determinant in prognostic risk modeling. However, most risk models are based on clinical trials which only include a selected patient population. The clinical significance of HPV and other prognostic factors in patients with OPSCC remains to be evaluated in a large, unselected cohort, which also includes patients with stage I/II disease and patients with severe comorbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients diagnosed with OPSCC in 2000-2006 in two Dutch university hospitals were included. The presence of an oncogenic HPV infection was determined by p16-immunostaining, followed by a high-risk HPV general primer 5+/6+ DNA PCR on the p16-positive cases. Cox regression analysis was carried out to compare survival rates between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients and a prognostic model was generated by recursive partitioning. RESULTS In total, 163 of 841 (19.4%) tumors were HPV-positive. Patients with HPV-positive OPSCC had a more favorable overall survival [73.5% versus 40.9% after 5 years; P < 0.001; hazard ratio = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.48] compared with patients with HPV-negative OPSCC. Patients with p16-positive but HPV DNA-negative tumors showed a significantly less favorable survival than patients with p16-positive and HPV DNA-positive tumors (P < 0.001). A prognostic model was developed in which patients were classified into three risk groups according to HPV status, nodal stage and comorbidity. [Harrell's concordance index of 0.68 (95% CI 0.65-0.71)]. CONCLUSIONS Tumor HPV status is a strong and independent prognostic factor for survival among patients with OPSCC. A prognostic risk model was proposed, based on our large, unselected cohort of patients with HPV status, comorbidity and nodal stage being the important prognostic factors. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of performing an HPV DNA-specific test besides p16-immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rietbergen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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297
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New treatment strategies for HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:1861-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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298
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Gold KA, Neskey M, William WN. The role of systemic treatment before, during, and after definitive treatment. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013; 46:645-56. [PMID: 23910475 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, outcomes using single-modality therapy are usually poor. Although chemotherapy alone is not considered a curative therapy, the addition of chemotherapy to other modalities can lead to improved outcomes. Discussed here is the use of chemotherapy for oropharyngeal and/or oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas in 3 settings: in combination with radiation as definitive therapy, as induction treatment before definitive therapy, and in combination with radiation therapy as adjuvant treatment following surgical resection. The role of the targeted agent cetuximab in combination with radiation therapy for locally advanced disease is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Gold
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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299
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Goto M, Hanai N, Ozawa T, Hirakawa H, Suzuki H, Hyodo I, Kodaira T, Ogawa T, Fujimoto Y, Terada A, Kato H, Hasegawa Y. Prognostic factors and outcomes for salvage surgery in patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2013; 12:e141-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Goto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Aichi Cancer Center
| | - Taijiro Ozawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Aichi Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Ikuo Hyodo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Aichi Cancer Center
| | - Takeshi Kodaira
- Department of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology; Aichi Cancer Center
| | - Tetsuya Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Nagakute
| | - Yasushi Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihiro Terada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital; Nagoya
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology; Gifu University Hospital; Gifu Japan
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300
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Zafereo ME. Evaluation and Staging of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013; 46:599-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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