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Godin K, Leatherdale ST, Elton-Marshall T. A systematic review of the effectiveness of school-based obesity prevention programmes for First Nations, Inuit and Métis youth in Canada. Clin Obes 2015; 5:103-15. [PMID: 25880029 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
First Nations, Inuit and Métis (FNIM) youth are disproportionately affected by obesity and represent known a high-risk group in Canada. School-based prevention programmes may have the potential to effectively influence obesity-related health behaviours (i.e. healthy eating and physical activity) among this population. We conducted a systematic review of nine electronic databases (2003-2014) to identify studies that describe school-based programmes that have been developed to improve obesity-related health behaviours and outcomes among FNIM youth in Canada. The objectives of this review were to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of these programmes and assess the strength of the methodologies used to evaluate them. Fifteen studies, representing seven distinct interventions, met our inclusion criteria. The majority of these programmes did not result in significant improvements in outcomes related to obesity, healthy eating, or physical activity among FNIM youth. The studies varied in design rigour and use of evaluation activities. The lack of literature on effective school-based programmes for FNIM youth in Canada that target obesity-related outcomes highlights a priority area for future intervention development, evaluation and dissemination within the peer-reviewed literature. Further research is needed on interventions involving Métis and Inuit youth, secondary school-aged FNIM youth and FNIM youth living in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Godin
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - S T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - T Elton-Marshall
- Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, Canada
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252
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DuBois CM, Lopez OV, Beale EE, Healy BC, Boehm JK, Huffman JC. Relationships between positive psychological constructs and health outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Int J Cardiol 2015; 195:265-80. [PMID: 26048390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are well-known to be associated with adverse health outcomes in cardiac patients. However, there has been less work synthesizing the effects of positive psychological constructs (e.g., optimism) on health-related outcomes in cardiac patients. We completed a systematic review of prospective observational studies using established guidelines. A search of PubMed and PsycINFO databases from inception to January 2014 was used to identify articles. To be eligible, studies were required to assess effects of a positive psychological construct on subsequent health-related outcomes (including mortality, rehospitalizations, self-reported health status) in patients with established heart disease. Exploratory random effects' meta-analyses were performed on the subset of studies examining mortality or rehospitalizations. Seventy-seven analyses from 30 eligible studies (N=14,624) were identified. Among studies with 100 or more participants, 65.0% of all analyses and 64.7% of analyses adjusting for one or more covariates reported a significant (p<.05) association between positive psychological constructs and subsequent health outcomes. An exploratory meta-analysis of 11 studies showed that positive constructs were associated with reduced rates of rehospitalization or mortality in unadjusted (odds ratio=.87; 95% confidence interval [.83, .92]; p<.001) and adjusted analyses (odds ratio=.89; 95% confidence interval [.84, .91]; p<.001); there was little suggestion of publication bias. Among cardiac patients, positive psychological constructs appear to be prospectively associated with health outcomes in most but not all studies. Additional work is needed to identify which constructs are most important to cardiac health, and whether interventions can cultivate positive attributes and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M DuBois
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oriana Vesga Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eleanor E Beale
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian C Healy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julia K Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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253
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Fernie BA, Kollmann J, Brown RG. Cognitive behavioural interventions for depression in chronic neurological conditions: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:411-419. [PMID: 25777621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic neurological conditions (CNCs) affect over one million people in the UK alone. Individuals with CNCs endure an increased prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety. Poor mental health exacerbates the cost of the treatment and management of CNCs. CBT is recommended for the treatment of depression. However the application of CBT to individuals with CNCs may be limited by disease characteristics (e.g. mobility issues restricting therapy attendance and reducing engagement with behavioural activation, as well as difficulties challenging the veracity of disease-related negative thoughts that may reflect accurate appraisals). The objective of this review is to assess the clinical effectiveness of cognitive and behavioural interventions for depressive symptoms in individuals with non-acquired, medically explained CNCs. DATA SOURCES Searches of The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, and PsychINFO were conducted. RESULTS All studies suggested that CBT is an effective treatment for depression comorbid to CNCs, however when CBT was compared to an active therapy control condition, between group differences were unstable. CONCLUSION CBT has promise for the treatment for depression in such conditions; however treatment protocols and outcome measures should be adapted for this population. Future trials should control for non-specific effects of therapy and, as much as possible, introduce blinding into methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Fernie
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, London, UK; CASCAID, South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Josianne Kollmann
- Philipps University Marburg, Institute of Psychology, Germany; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | - Richard G Brown
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, London, UK
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254
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Vart P, Gansevoort RT, Joosten MM, Bültmann U, Reijneveld SA. Socioeconomic disparities in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:580-92. [PMID: 25891058 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence on the strength of the association between low SES and chronic kidney disease (CKD; measured by low estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], high albuminuria, low eGFR/high albuminuria, and renal failure) is scattered and sometimes conflicting. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the strength of the associations between SES and CKD and identify study-level characteristics related to this association. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Studies published through January 2013 in MEDLINE and Embase were searched. From 35 studies that met the inclusion criteria, association estimates were pooled per CKD measure in the meta-analysis (performed between 2013 and 2014). Meta-regression analysis was used to identify study-level characteristics related to the strength of the SES-CKD association. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Low SES was associated with low eGFR (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.21, 1.62), high albuminuria (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.22, 1.82), low eGFR/high albuminuria (OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.03, 1.74), and renal failure (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.40, 1.71). Differences in SES measures across studies were not related to the strength of associations between low SES and any of the CKD measures (low GFR, p=0.63; high albuminuria, p=0.29; low eGFR/high albuminuria, p=0.54; renal failure, p=0.31). Variations in the strength of associations were related to the level of covariate adjustment for low eGFR (p<0.001) and high albuminuria (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic disparities in CKD were fairly strong, irrespective of how SES was measured. Variations in the strength of the associations were related to the level of covariate adjustment, particularly for low eGFR and high albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vart
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine.
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel M Joosten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine
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255
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de Luca K, Parkinson L, Pollard H, Byles J, Blyth F. How is the experience of pain measured in older, community-dwelling people with osteoarthritis? A systematic review of the literature. Rheumatol Int 2015; 35:1461-72. [PMID: 25869349 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to perform a systematic review to identify and appraise outcome measures and measures of pain that are used to assess the experience of pain by older people with osteoarthritis, and to assess whether these measures are effective at capturing the multidimensional nature of the experience of this pain. A systematic review of five electronic databases from January 1996 to March 2013 was done. Inclusion criteria were cohort/observational and cross-sectional studies; specific diagnosis of OA; employed outcome measures of pain and/or health and/or quality of life which included questions about pain; and considered older adults. Articles were reviewed for methodological quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A total of 14 publications met the inclusion criteria, and 11 discrete studies were included in the review. The studies used 21 different outcome measures, utilizing 13 measures of pain. Sensory, affective and cognitive dimensions of pain were captured by the measures, albeit studies predominantly measured intensity or severity alone. Measures of pain used in epidemiological studies do not adequately capture the multidimensional nature of the experience of pain in osteoarthritis. There is a fraught complexity in the multidimensionality of the experience of pain in osteoarthritis, and studies exploring osteoarthritis pain in older people should attempt to capture this multidimensionality by employing multiple valid and reliable outcome measures that capture specific dimensions of the pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie de Luca
- Research Centre for Gender Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, 18 Palm Court South West Rocks, Callaghan, NSW, 2431, Australia,
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256
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Stevens B, Buettner P, Watt K, Clough A, Brimblecombe J, Judd J. The effect of balanced protein energy supplementation in undernourished pregnant women and child physical growth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2015; 11:415-32. [PMID: 25857334 PMCID: PMC6860195 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of balanced protein energy supplementation during pregnancy on subsequent child growth is unclear and may depend upon the mother entering pregnancy adequately nourished or undernourished. Systematic reviews to-date have included studies from high-, middle- and low-income countries. However, the effect of balanced protein energy supplementation should not be generalised. This review assesses the effect of balanced protein energy supplementation in undernourished pregnant women from low- and middle-income countries on child growth. A systematic review of articles published in English (1970-2015) was conducted via MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Register and hand searching. Only peer-reviewed experimental studies analysing the effects of balanced protein energy supplementation in undernourished pregnant women from low- and middle-income countries with measures of physical growth as the primary outcome were included. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles against inclusion criteria. Validity of eligible studies was ascertained using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP QAT). In total, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported on birthweight, five on birth length, three on birth head circumference, and one on longer-term growth. Standardised mean differences were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Balanced protein energy supplementation significantly improved birthweight (seven randomised controlled trials, n = 2367; d = 0.20, 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.38, P = 0.02). No significant benefit was observed on birth length or birth head circumference. Impact of intervention could not be determined for longer-term physical growth due to limited evidence. Additional research is required in low- and middle-income countries to identify impacts on longer-term infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony Stevens
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Petra Buettner
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrianne Watt
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Clough
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Anton Breinl Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenni Judd
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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257
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Bennett S, Shafran R, Coughtrey A, Walker S, Heyman I. Psychological interventions for mental health disorders in children with chronic physical illness: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2015; 100:308-16. [PMID: 25784736 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with chronic physical illness are significantly more likely to develop common psychiatric symptoms than otherwise healthy children. These children therefore warrant effective integrated healthcare yet it is not established whether the known, effective, psychological treatments for symptoms of common childhood mental health disorders work in children with chronic physical illness. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched with predefined terms relating to evidence-based psychological interventions for psychiatric symptoms in children with chronic physical illness. We included all studies (randomised and non-randomised designs) investigating interventions aimed primarily at treating common psychiatric symptoms in children with a chronic physical illness in the review. Two reviewers independently assessed the relevance of abstracts identified, extracted data and undertook quality analysis. RESULTS Ten studies (209 children, including 70 in control groups) met the criteria for inclusion in the review. All studies demonstrated some positive outcomes of cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in children with chronic physical illness. Only two randomised controlled trials, both investigating interventions for symptoms of depression, were found. CONCLUSIONS There is preliminary evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy has positive effects in the treatment of symptoms of depression and anxiety in children with chronic physical illness. However, the current evidence base is weak and fully powered randomised controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of psychological treatments in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bennett
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Coughtrey
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susan Walker
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Isobel Heyman
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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258
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Guindon GE, Paraje GR, Chaloupka FJ. The impact of prices and taxes on the use of tobacco products in Latin America and the Caribbean. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:e9-19. [PMID: 25602902 PMCID: PMC4330839 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impact of tobacco prices or taxes on tobacco use in Latin America and Caribbean countries. We searched MEDLINE, EconLit, LILACS, unpublished literature, 6 specialty journals, and reviewed references. We calculated pooled price elasticities using random-effects models. The 32 studies we examined found that cigarette prices have a negative and statistically significant effect on cigarette consumption. A change in price is associated with a less than proportional change in the quantity of cigarettes demanded. In most Latin American countries, own-price elasticity for cigarettes is likely below -0.5 (pooled elasticities, short-run: -0.31; 95% confidence interval=-0.39, -0.24; long-run: -0.43; 95% CI=-0.51, -0.35). Tax increases effectively reduce cigarette use. Lack of studies using household- or individual-level data limits research's policy relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Emmanuel Guindon
- G. Emmanuel Guindon is with the Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis and the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton. Guillermo R. Paraje is with the Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile. Frank J. Chaloupka is with the Department of Economics and the Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois, Chicago, and the US National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
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259
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Naylor PJ, Nettlefold L, Race D, Hoy C, Ashe MC, Wharf Higgins J, McKay HA. Implementation of school based physical activity interventions: a systematic review. Prev Med 2015; 72:95-115. [PMID: 25575800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implementation science is an emerging area in physical activity (PA) research. We sought to establish the current state of the evidence related to implementation of school-based PA models to explore 1) the relationship between implementation and health outcomes, and 2) factors that influence implementation. METHODS We searched 7 electronic databases (1995-2014) and included controlled studies of school-based PA programmes for healthy youth (6-18 y) measuring at least one physical health-related outcome. For objective 1, studies linked implementation level to student-level health outcome(s). For objective 2, studies reported factors associated with implementation. RESULTS There was substantial variability in how health outcomes and implementation were assessed. Few studies linked implementation and health outcomes (n=15 interventions). Most (11/15) reported a positive relationship between implementation and at least one health outcome. Implementation factors were reported in 29 interventions. Of 22 unique categories, time was the most prevalent influencing factor followed by resource availability/quality and supportive school climate. CONCLUSIONS Implementation evaluation supports scale-up of effective school-based PA interventions and thus population-level change. Our review serves as a call to action to 1) address the link between implementation and outcome within the school-based PA literature and 2) improve and standardize definitions and measurement of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3015 STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 3P1, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Nettlefold
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Douglas Race
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Christa Hoy
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Maureen C Ashe
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Joan Wharf Higgins
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3015 STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 3P1, Canada.
| | - Heather A McKay
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, 5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, 910 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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260
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Pandor A, Kaltenthaler E, Higgins A, Lorimer K, Smith S, Wylie K, Wong R. Sexual health risk reduction interventions for people with severe mental illness: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:138. [PMID: 25886371 PMCID: PMC4330652 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite variability in sexual activity among people with severe mental illness, high-risk sexual behavior (e.g. unprotected intercourse, multiple partners, sex trade and illicit drug use) is common. Sexual health risk reduction interventions (such as educational and behavioral interventions, motivational exercises, counselling and service delivery), developed and implemented for people with severe mental illness, may improve participants’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs behaviors or practices (including assertiveness skills) and could lead to a reduction in risky sexual behavior. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of sexual health risk reduction interventions for people with severe mental illness. Methods Thirteen electronic databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO) were searched to August 2014, and supplemented by hand-searching relevant articles and contacting experts. All controlled trials (randomized or non-randomized) comparing the effectiveness of sexual health risk reduction interventions with usual care for individuals living in the community with severe mental illness were included. Outcomes included a range of biological, behavioral and proxy endpoints. Narrative synthesis was used to combine the evidence. Results Thirteen controlled trials (all from the USA) were included. Although there was no clear and consistent evidence that interventions reduce the total number of sex partners or improved behavioral intentions in sexual risk behavior, positive effects were generally observed in condom use, condom protected intercourse and on measures of HIV knowledge, attitudes to condom use and sexual behaviors and practices. However, the robustness of these findings is low due to the large between study variability, small sample sizes and low-to-moderate quality of included studies. Conclusions There is insufficient evidence at present to fully support or reject the identified sexual health risk reduction interventions for people with severe mental illness. Given the serious consequences of high-risk sexual behaviors, there is an urgent need for well-designed UK based trials, as well as training and support for staff implementing sexual health risk reduction interventions. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42013003674. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1448-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Pandor
- Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Eva Kaltenthaler
- Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Agnes Higgins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Karen Lorimer
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Shubulade Smith
- Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Ruth Wong
- Health Economics and Decision Science, ScHARR, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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261
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Taylor C, Upton P, Upton D. Increasing primary school children’s fruit and vegetable consumption. HEALTH EDUCATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1108/he-02-2014-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the evidence base of the Food Dudes healthy eating programme, specifically the short- and long-term effectiveness of the intervention for consumption of fruit and vegetables both at school and at home and displacement of unhealthy snack consumption.
Design/methodology/approach
– Articles were identified using Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES, Medline and PubMed databases keywords for the period January 1995 to August 2013. Articles were included if they reported an empirical evaluation of the Food Dudes programme aimed at children aged between 4-11 years. Articles were included regardless of geographical location and publication type (i.e. published and “grey” literature).
Findings
– Six articles were included for review. Findings indicated that the programme was moderately effective in the short term; however, the long-term effectiveness of the programme is unknown. The ability of the programme to generalise to the home setting and to displace unhealthy snack foods also requires further investigation.
Originality/value
– This is the first independent review of the Food Dudes programme. In light of the extensive roll out of the Food Dudes programme, an appraisal of the evidence surrounding the programme is timely. The review highlights that sustaining fruit and vegetable intake cannot be achieved through behaviour-based interventions alone and the long-term maintenance of fruit and vegetable consumption requires more than the implementation of an intervention found to be effective in a controlled research environment.
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262
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Hendry VL, Almíron-Roig E, Monsivais P, Jebb SA, Neelon SEB, Griffin SJ, Ogilvie DB. Impact of regulatory interventions to reduce intake of artificial trans-fatty acids: a systematic review. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:e32-42. [PMID: 25602897 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We examined the impact of regulatory action to reduce levels of artificial trans-fatty acids (TFAs) in food. We searched Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, and EconLit (January 1980 to December 2012) for studies related to government regulation of food- or diet-related health behaviors from which we extracted the subsample of legislative initiatives to reduce artificial TFAs in food. We screened 38 162 articles and identified 14 studies that examined artificial TFA controls limiting permitted levels or mandating labeling. These measures achieved good compliance, with evidence of appropriate reformulation. Regulations grounded on maximum limits and mandated labeling can lead to reductions in actual and reported TFAs in food and appear to encourage food producers to reformulate their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien L Hendry
- Vivien L. Hendry, Pablo Monsivais, Sara E. Benjamin Neelon, Simon J. Griffin, and David B. Ogilvie are with the UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK. Eva Almíron-Roig and Susan A. Jebb are with the Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
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263
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Power BT, Kiezebrink K, Allan JL, Campbell MK. Effects of workplace-based dietary and/or physical activity interventions for weight management targeting healthcare professionals: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMC OBESITY 2014. [PMID: 26217510 PMCID: PMC4511014 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-014-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high amongst healthcare professionals and there is growing interest in delivering weight loss interventions in the workplace. We conducted a systematic review to (i) examine the effectiveness of workplace-based diet and/or physical activity interventions aimed at healthcare professionals and to (ii) identify and describe key components of effective interventions. Seven electronic databases were systematically searched. RESULTS Thirteen randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, of which seven had data available for meta-analysis. Where meta-analysis was possible, studies were grouped according to length of follow-up (<12 months and ≥12 months) and behavioural target (diet only, physical activity only or diet and physical activity), with outcome data pooled using a weighted random effects model. Nine studies reported statistically significant (between-group) differences. Four studies reported being informed by a behaviour change theory. Meta-analysis of all trials reporting weight data demonstrated healthcare professionals allocated to dietary and physical activity interventions lost significantly more body weight (-3.95 Kg, [95% CI -4.96 to- 2.95 Kg]) than controls up to 12 months follow up. CONCLUSIONS Workplace diet and/or physical activity interventions targeting healthcare professionals are limited in number and are heterogeneous. To improve the evidence base, we recommend additional evaluations of theory-based interventions and adequate reporting of intervention content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Power
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Kirsty Kiezebrink
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Julia L Allan
- Health Psychology, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Marion K Campbell
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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Seguin M, Niño Zarazúa M. Non-clinical interventions for acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases among young children in developing countries. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 20:146-69. [PMID: 25345845 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of non-clinical interventions against acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases among young children in developing countries. METHODS Experimental and observational impact studies of non-clinical interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of mortality and/or morbidity among children due to acute respiratory infections and/or diarrhoeal diseases were reviewed, following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Enhancing resources and/or infrastructure, and promoting behavioural changes, are effective policy strategies to reduce child morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in developing countries. Interventions targeting diarrhoeal incidence generally demonstrated a reduction, ranging from 18.3% to 61%. The wide range of impact size reflects the diverse design features of policies and the heterogeneity of socio-economic environments in which these policies were implemented. Sanitation promotion at household level seems to have a greater protective effect for small children. CONCLUSION Public investment in sanitation and hygiene, water supply and quality and the provision of medical equipment that detect symptoms of childhood diseases, in combination of training and education for medical workers, are effective policy strategies to reduce diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections. More research is needed in the countries that are most affected by childhood diseases. There is a need for disaggregation of analysis by age cohorts, as impact effectiveness of policies depends on children's age.
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265
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Hersch D, Perdue L, Ambroz T, Boucher JL. The impact of cooking classes on food-related preferences, attitudes, and behaviors of school-aged children: a systematic review of the evidence, 2003-2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E193. [PMID: 25376015 PMCID: PMC4222785 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.140267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cooking programs have been used to promote healthful eating among people of all ages. This review assesses the evidence on childhood cooking programs and their association with changes in food-related preferences, attitudes, and behaviors of school-aged children. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid-Medline, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases. We included primary research articles that involved cooking education programs for children and searched reference lists for eligible articles. Studies considered for review contained a hands-on cooking intervention; had participants aged 5 to 12 years; were published in a peer-reviewed journal on or after January 1, 2003; and were written in English. We used the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies to rate the strength of each article and assess bias. The following information was extracted from each study: study design, sample size, location, duration, intervention components, data collection methods, and outcomes. Results Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and used cooking education to influence children’s food-related preferences, attitudes, and behaviors. Programs varied in duration, evaluation methods, and outcomes of interest. Self-reported food preparation skills, dietary intake, cooking confidence, fruit and vegetable preferences, attitudes toward food and cooking, and food-related knowledge were among the outcomes measured. Program exposure ranged from 2 sessions to regular instruction over 2 years, and the effect of cooking programs on children’s food-related preferences, attitudes, and behaviors varied among the reviewed studies. Conclusions Findings suggest that cooking programs may positively influence children’s food-related preferences, attitudes, and behaviors. However, because study measurements varied widely, determining best practices was difficult. Further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps on ideal program length, long-term effects, and usefulness of parent engagement, tasting lessons, and other intervention components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Hersch
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, 920 East 28th St, Suite 100, Minneapolis, MN 55407. E-mail:
| | - Laura Perdue
- University of Minnesota Extension Regional Center, St. Cloud, Minnesota
| | - Teresa Ambroz
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Cornish F, Priego-Hernandez J, Campbell C, Mburu G, McLean S. The impact of community mobilisation on HIV prevention in middle and low income countries: a systematic review and critique. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:2110-34. [PMID: 24659360 PMCID: PMC4196137 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
While community mobilisation (CM) is increasingly advocated for HIV prevention, its impact on measurable outcomes has not been established. We performed a systematic review of the impact of CM within HIV prevention interventions (N = 20), on biomedical, behavioural and social outcomes. Among most at risk groups (particularly sex workers), the evidence is somewhat consistent, indicating a tendency for positive impact, with stronger results for behavioural and social outcomes than for biomedical ones. Among youth and general communities, the evidence remains inconclusive. Success appears to be enhanced by engaging groups with a strong collective identity and by simultaneously addressing the socio-political context. We suggest that the inconclusiveness of the findings reflects problems with the evidence, rather than indicating that CM is ineffective. We discuss weaknesses in the operationalization of CM, neglect of social context, and incompatibility between context-specific CM processes and the aspiration of review methodologies to provide simple, context-transcending answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cornish
- Department of Methodology, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Priego-Hernandez
- Department of Social Psychology, The London School of Economics and Political Science, 3rd Floor St Clements Building, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE UK
| | - Catherine Campbell
- Department of Social Psychology, The London School of Economics and Political Science, 3rd Floor St Clements Building, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE UK
| | - Gitau Mburu
- International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Brighton, UK
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Guise JM, Chang C, Viswanathan M, Glick S, Treadwell J, Umscheid CA, Whitlock E, Fu R, Berliner E, Paynter R, Anderson J, Motu'apuaka P, Trikalinos T. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods for systematically reviewing complex multicomponent health care interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2014; 67:1181-91. [PMID: 25438663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods white paper was to outline approaches to conducting systematic reviews of complex multicomponent health care interventions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We performed a literature scan and conducted semistructured interviews with international experts who conduct research or systematic reviews of complex multicomponent interventions (CMCIs) or organizational leaders who implement CMCIs in health care. RESULTS Challenges identified include lack of consistent terminology for such interventions (eg, complex, multicomponent, multidimensional, multifactorial); a wide range of approaches used to frame the review, from grouping interventions by common features to using more theoretical approaches; decisions regarding whether and how to quantitatively analyze the interventions, from holistic to individual component analytic approaches; and incomplete and inconsistent reporting of elements critical to understanding the success and impact of multicomponent interventions, such as methods used for implementation the context in which interventions are implemented. CONCLUSION We provide a framework for the spectrum of conceptual and analytic approaches to synthesizing studies of multicomponent interventions and an initial list of critical reporting elements for such studies. This information is intended to help systematic reviewers understand the options and tradeoffs available for such reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne-Marie Guise
- Scientific Resource Center for the AHRQ Effective Health Care Program, Portland VA Research Foundation, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode R&D71, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Christine Chang
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Meera Viswanathan
- RTI-UNC Evidence-based Practice Center, 3400 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Susan Glick
- Blue Cross Blue Shield Evidence-based Practice Center, 225 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60601, USA
| | - Jonathan Treadwell
- ECRI-Penn Evidence-based Practice Center, 5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Craig A Umscheid
- ECRI-Penn Evidence-based Practice Center, 5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Evelyn Whitlock
- Kaiser Evidence-based Practice Center, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Rongwei Fu
- Scientific Resource Center for the AHRQ Effective Health Care Program, Portland VA Research Foundation, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode R&D71, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elise Berliner
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Robin Paynter
- Scientific Resource Center for the AHRQ Effective Health Care Program, Portland VA Research Foundation, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode R&D71, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Johanna Anderson
- Scientific Resource Center for the AHRQ Effective Health Care Program, Portland VA Research Foundation, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode R&D71, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Pua Motu'apuaka
- Scientific Resource Center for the AHRQ Effective Health Care Program, Portland VA Research Foundation, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Mailcode R&D71, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Tom Trikalinos
- Brown Evidence-based Practice Center, Brown University, 1 Prospect Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Tumilty E, Walker S, Tumilty S. Tainting by numbers – how the disadvantaged become invisible within evidence-based medicine. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x14y.0000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Appiah-Brempong E, Okyere P, Owusu-Addo E, Cross R. Motivational Interviewing Interventions and Alcohol Abuse among College Students: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2014; 29:e32-42. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.130502-lit-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The study sought to assess the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) interventions in reducing alcohol consumption among college students, as compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. It also sought to identify the potential moderators to MI intervention effects. Data Source. Database sources consulted included Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLE, PsycLIT, CINAHL, and MEDLINE. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Included studies were (1) underpinned by experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental designs; (2) studies in which participants were either college males only or females only or both; and (3) studies in which adaptations of MI were based on key MI principles. Excluded studies were (1) non-English language studies; (2) studies not published from 2000–2012; (3) studies in which participants were not college students; (4) studies in which intervention was not delivered by face-to-face approach; and (5) studies that failed to embark on postintervention follow-ups. Data Extraction. A total of 115 abstracts were screened. These were narrowed down to 13 studies from which data for the study were extracted. Data Synthesis. Selected studies were underpinned by experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental designs. Owing to the heterogeneity in selected studies, a narrative synthesis was used. Results. MI interventions were found to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption among college students, when compared to alternative interventions or no intervention. Potential moderators of MI intervention effects were identified to include practitioner's adherence to MI techniques and individual's drinking motives. Conclusion. MI presents itself as a promising tool that can augment the many existing social-environmental strategies of health promotion.
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270
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Bayliss SE, Davenport CF, Pennant ME. Where and how to search for information on the effectiveness of public health interventions - a case study for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Health Info Libr J 2014; 31:303-13. [DOI: 10.1111/hir.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Bayliss
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Clare F. Davenport
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Mary E. Pennant
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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271
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Attena F. Complexity and indeterminism of evidence-based public health: an analytical framework. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2014; 17:459-465. [PMID: 24634100 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-014-9554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Improving the evidence in public health is an important goal for the health promotion community. With better evidence, health professionals can make better decisions to achieve effectiveness in their interventions. The relative failure of such evidence in public health is well-known, and it is due to several factors. Briefly, from an epistemological point of view, it is not easy to develop evidence-based public health because public health interventions are highly complex and indeterminate. This paper proposes an analytical explanation of the complexity and indeterminacy of public health interventions in terms of 12 points. Public health interventions are considered as a causal chain constituted by three elements (intervention, risk factor, and disease) and two levels of evaluation (risk factor and disease). Public health interventions thus differ from clinical interventions, which comprise two causal elements and one level of evaluation. From the two levels of evaluation, we suggest a classification of evidence into four typologies: evidence of both relations; evidence of the second (disease) but not of the first (risk factor) relation; evidence of the first but not of the second relation; and no evidence of either relation. In addition, a grading of indeterminacy of public health interventions is introduced. This theoretical point of view could be useful for public health professionals to better define and classify the public health interventions before acting.
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272
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Lima-Serrano M, Lima-Rodríguez JS. Impact of school-based health promotion interventions aimed at different behavioral domains: a systematic review. GACETA SANITARIA 2014; 28:411-7. [PMID: 24923204 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given that lifestyleshave similar determinants and that school-based interventions are usually targeted at all the risks that affect adolescents, the objective of this systematic review was to summarize the characteristics and effects of school-based interventions acting on different behavioral domains of adolescent health promotion. METHODS The review process was conducted by two independent reviewers who searched PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases for experimental or observational studies with at least two measures of results published from 2007 to 2011, given that the research information available doubles every 5 years. Methodological quality was assessed with a standardized tool. RESULTS Information was extracted from 35 studies aiming to prevent risk behaviors and promote healthy nutrition, physical activity, and mental and holistic health. Activities were based on theoretical models and were classified into interactive lessons, peer mediation, environmental changes, parents' and community activities, and tailored messages by computer-assisted training or other resources, usually including multiple components. In some cases, we identified some moderate to large, short- and long-term effects on behavioral and intermediate variable. CONCLUSIONS This exhaustive review found that well-implemented interventions can promote adolescent health. These findings are consistent with recent reviews. Implications for practice, public health, and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lima-Serrano
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, España
| | - Joaquín S Lima-Rodríguez
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, España.
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273
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The impact of conditional cash transfers on child health in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Int J Public Health 2014; 59:609-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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274
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Eslami E, Bassir SH, Sadr-Eshkevari P. Current State of the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning in Prosthodontics: A Systematic Review. J Dent Educ 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.5.tb05724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicine
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275
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Quinlan J, Tu MT, Langlois EV, Kapoor M, Ziegler D, Fahmi H, Zunzunegui MV. Protocol for a systematic review of the association between chronic stress during the life course and telomere length. Syst Rev 2014; 3:40. [PMID: 24886862 PMCID: PMC4022427 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-3-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of stress on ill health have become evident in recent years. Under acute stress situations, a cascade of physiological events helps the body mount an appropriate adaptive response. However, under chronic stress situations, this physiological response may lead to wear and tear on the body that accelerates the decline in physiological functioning and increases the risk of chronic conditions. Recent evidence for social stress experienced during childhood suggests serious consequences many years later, even later life. Telomere length, a marker of cell aging, may provide a link between chronic social stress and age-associated physical and mental decline and risk of chronic conditions. This study examines whether chronic social stress is associated with telomere length throughout the life course. METHODS/DESIGN We will perform a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between chronic social stress, for example, due to violence, extreme poverty, or caregiving of people with disabling conditions (exposure), and telomere length (outcome) by searching electronic databases in MEDLINE (PubMed interface), EMBASE (OVID interface), Cochrane Central (OVID interface) and gray literature from their start date onwards. We will limit the search to studies performed on human populations. Two reviewers will conduct standardized screening, eligibility assessment, data abstraction, and scientific quality assessment. All study designs investigating the association between chronic social stress and telomere length in healthy or diseased adults and children will be eligible for inclusion in the review. We will extract individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, research setting, method of measuring telomere length, reported outcome, and determinants of interest. Studies will also be stratified by 1) age into 3 groups: childhood (0 to 18 years), adulthood (19 to 64 years) and late life (65+); 2) cell type; 3) study design; and 4) telomere length assessment method. Where feasible, study results will be combined through meta-analyses to obtain a pooled measure of associations. Results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. DISCUSSION This systematic review will provide knowledge on the existing evidence for chronic social stress and its association with telomere lengths throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Quinlan
- Department of Medicine, Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM), 3875 St-Urbain St, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1V1, Canada.
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Chapman B, Bogle V. Adherence to medication and self-management in stroke patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:158-66. [PMID: 24526023 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2014.23.3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and one of the leading causes of adult physical disability in England. Medical treatment is imperative for the management of stroke and the risk reduction of recurrent stroke. The success of a medical treatment is determined largely by adherence. However, research has shown that adherence to medication in patients who have had a stroke is often suboptimal. Self-management interventions have been shown to improve adherence in long-term conditions. The impact of self-management interventions specifically on adherence to stroke medication is unknown. OBJECTIVE To review systematically the impact that self-management interventions have on adherence to stroke medication. METHOD The online databases that were systematically searched included PsychINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and Web of Science. Reference lists of retrieved studies were hand-searched. RESULTS Six studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Self-management interventions for stroke patients were effective in improving adherence to stroke medication in the short term. However, in the longer term, these benefits were not maintained. CONCLUSIONS Applying self-management interventions to improve medication adherence in stroke patients across integrated clinical settings shows promise. However, further development of such interventions and research is recommended, with more stringent methodologies and longer follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Bogle
- Health Psychology Supervisor and Visiting Lecturer at City University London
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277
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Langford R, Bonell CP, Jones HE, Pouliou T, Murphy SM, Waters E, Komro KA, Gibbs LF, Magnus D, Campbell R. The WHO Health Promoting School framework for improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD008958. [PMID: 24737131 PMCID: PMC11214127 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008958.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization's (WHO's) Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework is an holistic, settings-based approach to promoting health and educational attainment in school. The effectiveness of this approach has not been previously rigorously reviewed. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of the Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework in improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following electronic databases in January 2011 and again in March and April 2013: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Campbell Library, ASSIA, BiblioMap, CAB Abstracts, IBSS, Social Science Citation Index, Sociological Abstracts, TRoPHI, Global Health Database, SIGLE, Australian Education Index, British Education Index, Education Resources Information Centre, Database of Education Research, Dissertation Express, Index to Theses in Great Britain and Ireland, ClinicalTrials.gov, Current controlled trials, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We also searched relevant websites, handsearched reference lists, and used citation tracking to identify other relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included cluster-randomised controlled trials where randomisation took place at the level of school, district or other geographical area. Participants were children and young people aged four to 18 years, attending schools or colleges. In this review, we define HPS interventions as comprising the following three elements: input to the curriculum; changes to the school's ethos or environment or both; and engagement with families or communities, or both. We compared this intervention against schools that implemented either no intervention or continued with their usual practice, or any programme that included just one or two of the above mentioned HPS elements. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors identified relevant trials, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in the trials. We grouped different types of interventions according to the health topic targeted or the approach used, or both. Where data permitted, we performed random-effects meta-analyses to provide a summary of results across studies. MAIN RESULTS We included 67 eligible cluster trials, randomising 1443 schools or districts. This is made up of 1345 schools and 98 districts. The studies tackled a range of health issues: physical activity (4), nutrition (12), physical activity and nutrition combined (18), bullying (7), tobacco (5), alcohol (2), sexual health (2), violence (2), mental health (2), hand-washing (2), multiple risk behaviours (7), cycle-helmet use (1), eating disorders (1), sun protection (1), and oral health (1). The quality of evidence overall was low to moderate as determined by the GRADE approach. 'Risk of bias' assessments identified methodological limitations, including heavy reliance on self-reported data and high attrition rates for some studies. In addition, there was a lack of long-term follow-up data for most studies.We found positive effects for some interventions for: body mass index (BMI), physical activity, physical fitness, fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco use, and being bullied. Intervention effects were generally small but have the potential to produce public health benefits at the population level. We found little evidence of effectiveness for standardised body mass index (zBMI) and no evidence of effectiveness for fat intake, alcohol use, drug use, mental health, violence and bullying others; however, only a small number of studies focused on these latter outcomes. It was not possible to meta-analyse data on other health outcomes due to lack of data. Few studies provided details on adverse events or outcomes related to the interventions. In addition, few studies included any academic, attendance or school-related outcomes. We therefore cannot draw any clear conclusions as to the effectiveness of this approach for improving academic achievement. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The results of this review provide evidence for the effectiveness of some interventions based on the HPS framework for improving certain health outcomes but not others. More well-designed research is required to establish the effectiveness of this approach for other health topics and academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Langford
- University of BristolSchool of Social and Community MedicineCanynge Hall39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Christopher P Bonell
- Institute of Education, University of LondonSocial Science Research Unit18 Woburn SquareLondonLondonUKWC1H 0NR
| | - Hayley E Jones
- University of BristolSchool of Social and Community MedicineCanynge Hall39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Theodora Pouliou
- University of BristolSchool of Social and Community MedicineCanynge Hall39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Simon M Murphy
- Cardiff UniversityCardiff School of Social Sciences1‐3 Museum PlaceCardiffSouth GlamorganUKCF10 3BD
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- The University of MelbourneJack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthLevel 5/207 Bouverie StParkvilleVICAustralia3052
| | - Kelli A Komro
- University of FloridaHealth Outcomes and Policy and Institute for Child Health PolicyPO Box 100177GainesvilleFloridaUSA32610‐0177
| | - Lisa F Gibbs
- The University of MelbourneJack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthLevel 5/207 Bouverie StParkvilleVICAustralia3052
| | - Daniel Magnus
- University of BristolSchool of Social and Community MedicineCanynge Hall39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Rona Campbell
- University of BristolSchool of Social and Community MedicineCanynge Hall39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
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Coolbrandt A, Wildiers H, Aertgeerts B, Van der Elst E, Laenen A, Dierckx de Casterlé B, van Achterberg T, Milisen K. Characteristics and effectiveness of complex nursing interventions aimed at reducing symptom burden in adult patients treated with chemotherapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Nurs Stud 2014; 51:495-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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279
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Bassir SH, Sadr-Eshkevari P, Amirikhorheh S, Karimbux NY. Problem-Based Learning in Dental Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Dent Educ 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2014.78.1.tb05661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity; Harvard School of Dental Medicines
| | | | - Shaden Amirikhorheh
- Dental Research Center; School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht Iran
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Deedat S, Kenten C, Morgan M. What are effective approaches to increasing rates of organ donor registration among ethnic minority populations: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003453. [PMID: 24362010 PMCID: PMC3884619 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify effective interventions to increase organ donor registration and improve knowledge about organ donation among ethnic minorities in North America and the UK. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central searched up to November 2012, together with four trials databases and the grey literature. REVIEW METHODS A systematic search followed by assessment of eligibility and quality. An interpretive and thematic approach to synthesis was undertaken. This examined the nature and delivery of interventions in relation to a range of outcomes: verified registration, changing knowledge and a measured shift towards greater readiness. RESULTS 18 studies were included in the review, comprising educational and mass media interventions. Mass media interventions alone reported no significant change in the intention or willingness to register. Educational interventions either alone or combined with mass media approaches were more effective in increasing registration rates, with a strong interpersonal component and an immediate opportunity to register identified as important characteristics in successful change. CONCLUSIONS Effective interventions need to be matched to the populations' stage of readiness to register. Measured outcomes should include registration and shifts along the pathway towards this behavioural outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Deedat
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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281
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Dietscher C. How can the functioning and effectiveness of networks in the settings approach of health promotion be understood, achieved and researched? Health Promot Int 2013; 32:139-148. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dat067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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282
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Brown CA, Berry R, Schmidt A. Sleep and military members: emerging issues and nonpharmacological intervention. SLEEP DISORDERS 2013; 2013:160374. [PMID: 23956864 PMCID: PMC3728519 DOI: 10.1155/2013/160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. Many individuals who work in the military experience sleep deficiency which presents a significant problem given the nature of their work. The cause of their sleep problems is likely multifactorial, stemming from the interplay between their personal health, habits and lifestyle juxtaposed with the stress of their military work such as emotional and physical trauma experienced in service. Objective. To present an overview of sleep deficiency in military members (MMs) and review of nonpharmacological treatment options. Discussion. Although there are a number of promising nonpharmacological treatment options available for people working in the military who experience problems sleeping, testing interventions within the context of the military are still in the early stages. Further research utilizing rigorous design and standardized, context appropriate outcome measures is needed to help treat this burgeoning problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary A. Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G4
| | - Robyn Berry
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G4
| | - Ashley Schmidt
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-64 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G4
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283
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Does integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) training improve the skills of health workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66030. [PMID: 23776599 PMCID: PMC3680429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An estimated 6.9 million children die annually in low and middle-income countries because of treatable illneses including pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria. To reduce morbidity and mortality, the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy was developed, which included a component to strengthen the skills of health workers in identifying and managing these conditions. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine whether IMCI training actually improves performance. Methods Database searches of CIHAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Global Health, Medline, Ovid Healthstar, and PubMed were performed from 1990 to February 2013, and supplemented with grey literature searches and reviews of bibliographies. Studies were included if they compared the performance of IMCI and non-IMCI health workers in illness classification, prescription of medications, vaccinations, and counseling on nutrition and admistration of oral therapies. Dersminion-Laird random effect models were used to summarize the effect estimates. Results The systematic review and meta-analysis included 46 and 26 studies, respectively. Four cluster-randomized controlled trials, seven pre-post studies, and 15 cross-sectional studies were included. Findings were heterogeneous across performance domains with evidence of effect modification by health worker performance at baseline. Overall, IMCI-trained workers were more likely to correctly classify illnesses (RR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.66–2.24). Studies of workers with lower baseline performance showed greater improvements in prescribing medications (RR = 3.08, 95% CI: 2.04–4.66), vaccinating children (RR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.49–8.01), and counseling families on adequate nutrition (RR = 10.12, 95% CI: 6.03–16.99) and administering oral therapies (RR = 3.76, 95% CI: 2.30–6.13). Trends toward greater training benefits were observed in studies that were conducted in lower resource settings and reported greater supervision. Conclusion Findings suggest that IMCI training improves health worker performance. However, these estimates need to be interpreted cautiously given the observational nature of the studies and presence of heterogeneity.
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284
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Breland JY, McAndrew LM, Burns E, Leventhal EA, Leventhal H. Using the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation to Review the Effects of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose on Glycemic Control for Non–Insulin-Treated Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2013; 39:541-59. [DOI: 10.1177/0145721713490079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review examined the relationship between self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) served as a theoretical framework for examining how, when (mediators), and for whom (moderators) SMBG improved glycemic control. Data Sources Five databases were searched: Medline, PsychInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature. Study Selection Included studies had cross-sectional, longitudinal, or randomized controlled trial designs; were published between 2007 and 2011; and included patients with type 2 diabetes at least some of whom were not taking insulin; 1318 studies were screened, 119 were reviewed in detail, and 26 were included. Data Extraction Data were collected on the relationship between SMBG and glycemic control, study design, mediators, moderators, participant characteristics, the CSM, and limitations. Data Synthesis Twenty-six studies met criteria for inclusion: 11 cross-sectional, 4 longitudinal, and 11 randomized controlled trials. The results of the cross-sectional studies were inconclusive. Results from the longitudinal studies and randomized control trials suggested that SMBG may improve glycemic control. The few studies investigating mediators or moderators reported mixed results. Few studies effectively measured the CSM. Conclusion Data suggested that SMBG may help improve glycemic control. Future trials must be designed to test hypotheses and improve our understanding of when, how, and for whom SMBG can enhance glycemic control. Rigorously controlled repetitions of current 2-arm trials will yield little new knowledge of theoretical or practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y. Breland
- Department of Psychology and the Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy & Aging Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Ms Breland, Dr H. Leventhal)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr Burns)
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Dr EA Leventhal)
| | - Lisa M. McAndrew
- Department of Psychology and the Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy & Aging Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Ms Breland, Dr H. Leventhal)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr Burns)
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Dr EA Leventhal)
| | - Edith Burns
- Department of Psychology and the Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy & Aging Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Ms Breland, Dr H. Leventhal)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr Burns)
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Dr EA Leventhal)
| | - Elaine A. Leventhal
- Department of Psychology and the Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy & Aging Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Ms Breland, Dr H. Leventhal)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr Burns)
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Dr EA Leventhal)
| | - Howard Leventhal
- Department of Psychology and the Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy & Aging Research, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Ms Breland, Dr H. Leventhal)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (Dr McAndrew)
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Dr Burns)
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Dr EA Leventhal)
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285
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Delavari M, Sønderlund AL, Swinburn B, Mellor D, Renzaho A. Acculturation and obesity among migrant populations in high income countries--a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:458. [PMID: 23663279 PMCID: PMC3654930 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence to suggest that immigrant populations from low or medium-income countries to high income countries show a significant change in obesogenic behaviors in the host society, and that these changes are associated with acculturation. However, the results of studies vary depending on how acculturation is measured. The objective of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the relationship between acculturation - as measured with a standardized acculturation scale - and overweight/obesity among adult migrants from low/middle countries to high income countries. Methods A systematic review of relevant studies was undertaken using six EBSCOhost databases and following the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination’s Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care. Results The initial search identified 1135 potentially relevant publications, of which only nine studies met the selection criteria. All of the studies were from the US with migrant populations from eight different countries. Six studies employed bi-directional acculturation scales and three used uni-directional scales. Six studies indicated positive general associations between higher acculturation and body mass index (BMI), and three studies reported that higher acculturation was associated with lower BMI, as mainly among women. Conclusion Despite the small number of studies, a number of potential explanatory hypotheses were developed for these emerging patterns. The ‘Healthy Migrant Effect’ may diminish with greater acculturation as the host culture potentially promotes more unhealthy weight gain than heritage cultures. This appears particularly so for men and a rapid form of nutrition transition represents a likely contributor. The inconsistent results observed for women may be due to the interplay of cultural influences on body image, food choices and physical activity. That is, the Western ideal of a slim female body and higher values placed on physical activity and fitness may counteract the obesogenic food environment for female migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delavari
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Department of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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286
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Sønderlund AL, O'Brien K, Kremer P, Rowland B, De Groot F, Staiger P, Zinkiewicz L, Miller PG. The association between sports participation, alcohol use and aggression and violence: a systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 17:2-7. [PMID: 23602563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the current research on alcohol-related violence and sports participation. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to identify relevant studies for inclusion. A search of six databases (EBSCOhost) was conducted. RESULTS A total of 6890 studies was were identified in the initial search. Of these, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were from the US (n=10) and focused on collegiate athletes (n=7), adolescents (n=3), professional/former professional athletes (n=1). CONCLUSION The reviewed research indicates higher rates of alcohol use and violence in athlete populations when compared against non-athlete populations. Masculinity, violent social identity and antisocial norms connected to certain sports stand out as potential factors that may impact the association between sport and violence in athlete populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry O'Brien
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Kremer
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia
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287
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Prenger R, Pieterse ME, Braakman-Jansen LMA, van der Palen J, Christenhusz LCA, Seydel ER. Moving beyond a limited follow-up in cost-effectiveness analyses of behavioral interventions. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2013; 14:297-306. [PMID: 22223124 PMCID: PMC3579467 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-011-0371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cost-effectiveness analyses of behavioral interventions typically use a dichotomous outcome criterion. However, achieving behavioral change is a complex process involving several steps towards a change in behavior. Delayed effects may occur after an intervention period ends, which can lead to underestimation of these interventions. To account for such delayed effects, intermediate outcomes of behavioral change may be used in cost-effectiveness analyses. The aim of this study is to model cognitive parameters of behavioral change into a cost-effectiveness model of a behavioral intervention. METHODS The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of an existing dataset from an RCT in which an high-intensity smoking cessation intervention was compared with a medium-intensity intervention, was re-analyzed by modeling the stages of change of the Transtheoretical Model of behavioral change. Probabilities were obtained from the dataset and literature and a sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS In the original CEA over the first 12 months, the high-intensity intervention dominated in approximately 58% of the cases. After modeling the cognitive parameters to a future 2nd year of follow-up, this was the case in approximately 79%. CONCLUSION This study showed that modeling of future behavioral change in CEA of a behavioral intervention further strengthened the results of the standard CEA. Ultimately, modeling future behavioral change could have important consequences for health policy development in general and the adoption of behavioral interventions in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilana Prenger
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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288
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Johnston V, Westphal DW, Glover M, Thomas DP, Segan C, Walker N. Reducing Smoking Among Indigenous Populations: New Evidence From a Review of Trials. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 15:1329-38. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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289
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Wolkow A, Netto K, Aisbett B. The effectiveness of health interventions in cardiovascular risk reduction among emergency service personnel. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 86:245-60. [PMID: 23456219 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The physical demands and hazards associated with emergency service work place particular stress on responders' cardiovascular systems. Indeed, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant problem for emergency service personnel. Although it may be difficult to alter the cardiovascular health hazards associated with the work environment, it is possible for personnel to control their modifiable CVD risk factors, cardiovascular fitness levels and subsequently, reduce their CVD risk. This review aimed to determine the effectiveness and methodological quality of health interventions designed to mitigate CVD risk in emergency service personnel. METHODS A literature search of electronic journal databases was performed. Sixteen relevant studies were assessed for methodological quality using a standardised assessment tool. Data regarding the effectiveness of each intervention were extracted and synthesised in a narrative format. RESULTS Fifteen studies were rated 'Weak' and one study was rated 'Strong'. Interventions which combined behavioural counselling, exercise and nutrition were more effective in improving cardiovascular health than nutrition, exercise or CVD risk factor assessment-based interventions alone. Further, CVD risk factor assessment in isolation proved to be an ineffective intervention type to reduce CVD risk. CONCLUSION Combined interventions appear most effective in improving the cardiovascular health of emergency service personnel. Accordingly, fire and emergency service agencies should consider trialling multifaceted interventions to improve the cardiovascular health of personnel and avoid interventions focused only on one of nutrition, exercise or CVD risk factor assessment. However, as most studies were methodologically weak, further studies of a higher methodological quality are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wolkow
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
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290
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Silveira JACD, Taddei JADAC, Guerra PH, Nobre MRC. The effect of participation in school-based nutrition education interventions on body mass index: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled community trials. Prev Med 2013; 56:237-43. [PMID: 23370048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education interventions in reducing or preventing overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of 14 databases until May 2010 and cross-reference check in 8 systematic reviews (SRs) for studies published that described randomized controlled trials conducted in schools to reduce or prevent overweight in children and adolescents. An additional search was carried out using PubMed for papers published through May 2012, and no further papers were identified. Body mass index (BMI) was the primary outcome. The title and abstract review and the quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. The software EPPI-Reviewer3 was used to store, manage and analyze all data. This SR is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00985972). RESULTS From the 4888 references initially retrieved, only 8 met the eligibility criteria for a random-effects meta-analysis. The total population consisted of 8722 children and adolescents. Across the studies, there was an average treatment effect of -0.33 kg/m(2) (-0.55, -0.11 95% CI) on BMI, with 84% of this effect explained by the highest quality studies. CONCLUSION This systematic review provides evidence that school-based nutrition education interventions are effective in reducing the BMI of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Augusto Cardoso da Silveira
- Disciplina de Nutrologia, Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen, 1647, CEP 04040-032 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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291
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Bui L, Mullan B, McCaffery K. Protection motivation theory and physical activity in the general population: a systematic literature review. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2013; 18:522-42. [PMID: 23324044 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2012.749354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate theoretical framework may be useful for guiding the development of physical activity interventions. This review investigates the effectiveness of the protection motivation theory (PMT), a model based on the cognitive mediation processes of behavioral change, in the prediction and promotion of physical activity participation. A literature search was conducted using the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a manual search was conducted on relevant reference lists. Studies were included if they tested or applied the PMT, measured physical activity, and sampled from healthy populations. A total of 20 studies were reviewed, grouped into four design categories: prediction, stage discrimination, experimental manipulation, and intervention. The results indicated that the PMT's coping appraisal construct of self-efficacy generally appears to be the most effective in predicting and promoting physical activity participation. In conclusion, the PMT shows some promise, however, there are still substantial gaps in the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Bui
- a School of Psychology , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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292
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty exists over whether listening for carotid bruits as part of the clinical examination is informative in terms of predicting the presence or severity of carotid stenosis. AIM We sought to undertake a comprehensive meta-analysis and meta-regression of all studies to date that have assessed the relationship between a carotid bruit and severity of degree of stenosis. METHODS Electronic databases were used to identify all published studies in humans evaluating the association between bruit and stenosis published until and including October 2011. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated for each stenosis group. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve analysis was performed in studies assessing clinically relevant (i.e. >70%) stenosis. Meta-regression was performed in all studies, using random effects. RESULTS We identified 26 studies evaluating the association between carotid bruit and stenosis, in 15 117 arteries. For clinically relevant stenosis (i.e. >70%), we found pooled sensitivity 0.53 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5-0.55], specificity 0.83 (95% CI: 0.82-0.84) and DOR 4.32 (95% CI: 2.78-6.66). SROC curve analysis gave an area under the curve of 0.73. Meta-regression analysis showed a (non-significant) (P = 0.067) inverse relationship between carotid bruit and stenosis. CONCLUSION The carotid bruit is of moderate value for detecting clinically relevant carotid stenosis. It gives high specificity but low sensitivity. The likelihood of a carotid bruit does not increase at increasing degrees of stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P McColgan
- Imperial College Cerebrovascular Research Unit (ICCRU), Imperial College & Hammersmith Hospitals, Fulham Palace Rd, London W6 8RF, UK
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293
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Van Lippevelde W, Verloigne M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Brug J, Bjelland M, Lien N, Maes L. Does parental involvement make a difference in school-based nutrition and physical activity interventions? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Public Health 2012; 57:673-8. [PMID: 22301709 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-012-0335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parental involvement is often advocated as important for school-based interventions, however, to date, only inconsistent evidence is available. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the impact of parental involvement in school-based obesity prevention interventions in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic review of obesity prevention studies published from 1990 to 2010 including a comparison between school-based interventions with and without parental component was conducted. Only studies reporting effects on health behaviour-related outcomes were included. RESULTS Some positive effects of parental involvement were found on children's behaviours and behavioural determinants. Parental modules including different strategies and addressing several home-related determinants and parenting practices concerning eating and physical activity behaviours were more likely to be effective. However, no conclusive evidence could be provided concerning the added value of parent involvement, because of the paucity of studies to test this hypothesis. The few studies that are available provide inconsistent evidence. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for more studies comparing school-based interventions with and without a parental component, and dose, strategies and content of parental components of school-based interventions should be better reported in articles.
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294
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Brown CA, Kuo M, Phillips L, Berry R, Tan M. Non-pharmacological sleep interventions for youth with chronic health conditions: A critical review of the methodological quality of the evidence. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 35:1221-55. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.723788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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295
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Yassi A, O'Hara LM, Lockhart K, Spiegel JM. Workplace programmes for HIV and tuberculosis: a systematic review to support development of international guidelines for the health workforce. AIDS Care 2012; 25:525-43. [PMID: 22880845 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2012.712668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The health service sector has a vital role to play in delivering human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) prevention, treatment and care, yet evidence indicates that healthcare workers (HCWs) themselves lack adequate access to HIV and TB services. HCWs are also at increased risk from TB and other infectious diseases at work, and therefore accessing HIV services is particularly important. A systematic review was therefore conducted to inform the development of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to improve access to HIV and TB services, and specifically, to assess the evidence regarding providing such services through workplace-based programmes. We identified any study published since 1984 that addressed outcomes of interest as defined through multi-stakeholder consultations, and were related to workplace interventions in (1) the healthcare workplace and (2) any workplace that included HIV and/or TB diagnosis and/or treatment. Interventions focusing solely on primary prevention with no diagnostic or treatment services were excluded, as they were the subject of other guidelines. A minimum of two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the articles against pre-set selection criteria; studies were also profiled and quality assessed by a minimum of two reviewers. Three studies met these criteria specifically for HCWs; all showed a preponderance of positive benefits, with minimal negative outcome. Seven studies met these criteria regarding workplace HIV and/or TB diagnosis and/or treatment from other sectors, public or private. Again, all showed positive results. The paucity of high-quality evidence in this field of research was itself an important finding, beckoning further research on workplace-based programmes for health workers. Nonetheless, while more well-designed intervention studies are definitely desirable, providing programmes for HCWs to obtain HIV and TB diagnosis and treatment at the workplace is supported by the literature and is consistent with the values of the stakeholders, justifying the WHO-International Labour Organization-UNAIDS guidelines that emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalee Yassi
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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296
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Ward K, Chow MYK, King C, Leask J. Strategies to improve vaccination uptake in Australia, a systematic review of types and effectiveness. Aust N Z J Public Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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297
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Pucci GCMF, Rech CR, Fermino RC, Reis RS. Association between physical activity and quality of life in adults. Rev Saude Publica 2012; 46:166-79. [PMID: 22249758 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102012000100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize and analyze evidences of the association between physical activity and quality of life. METHODS Systematic literature review in three electronic databases -PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO- using the following descriptors: "physical activity," "motor activity," "exercise," "walking," "running," "physical fitness," "sport," "life style," "quality of life," "WHOQOL" and "SF." There were selected 38 studies published between 1980 and 2010 that used any instrument to measure physical activity and any version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey or the World Health Organization Quality of Life to assess quality of life. RESULTS Most studies reviewed were cross-sectional (68%), 18% experimental, 8% prospective follow-up cohort and 5% mixed-design (cross-sectional and longitudinal). The most widely used questionnaire to assess quality of life was SF-36 (71%), and physical activity was self-reported in 82% of the studies reviewed. Higher level of physical activity was associated with better perception of quality of life in the elderly, apparently healthy adults and individuals with different clinical conditions. CONCLUSIONS There is a positive association between physical activity and quality of life that varies according to the domain analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Cristine Moura Fernandes Pucci
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Qualidade de Vida, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
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Cash-Gibson L, Felix LM, Minorikawa N, Pappas Y, Gunn LH, Majeed A, Atun R, Car J. Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long-term conditions. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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299
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Guillaumier A, Bonevski B, Paul C. Anti-tobacco mass media and socially disadvantaged groups: a systematic and methodological review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012; 31:698-708. [PMID: 22571783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES Only a limited amount of research has been conducted to explore whether there are socioeconomic status differences in responses to mass media. However, the methodological quality of this evidence has not been assessed, limiting confidence in conclusions that can be drawn regarding study outcomes. A systematic review of the effectiveness of anti-tobacco mass media campaigns with socially disadvantaged groups was conducted, and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed. APPROACH Medline, The Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Embase and Web of Science were searched using MeSH and keywords for quantitative studies conducted in Western countries prior to March 2012. A methodological quality assessment and narrative analysis of included studies was undertaken. KEY FINDINGS Seventeen relevant studies (reported in 18 papers) were identified; however, weak study designs and selection bias were common characteristics, limiting strong conclusions about effectiveness. Using predominantly non-cessation related outcome measures reviewed papers indicated mixed results for mass media tobacco control campaign effectiveness among various social groups. Most studies assessed mass media impact on low socioeconomic status groups rather than highly socially disadvantaged groups. IMPLICATIONS Methodological rigour of evaluations in this field must be improved to aid understanding regarding the effectiveness of mass media campaigns in driving cessation among disadvantaged groups. CONCLUSION The results of this review indicate a gap in methodologically rigorous research into the effectiveness of mass media campaigns among socially disadvantaged groups, particularly the highly disadvantaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Guillaumier
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
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Heikens JT, de Vries J, van Laarhoven CJHM. Quality of life, health-related quality of life and health status in patients having restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:536-44. [PMID: 21176062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM There are numerous studies on quality of life (QoL), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and health status (HS) in patients undergoing surgery for ulcerative colitis. A systematic review of published literature was conducted to establish the quality of these studies and to determine QoL, HRQoL, and HS in patients after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. METHOD All published studies describing QoL, HRQoL, and HS in adult patients in combination with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis were reviewed systematically. No time or language limitations were applied. Relevance was established on the basis of three pre-specified selection criteria: 1) ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed for ulcerative colitis, 2) QoL, HRQoL, and HS were reported as outcome of the study and 3) studies reported a minimum follow-up after surgery for 12 months. Outcome variables were results of QoL, HRQoL, and HS, characteristics of the study population, pouch construction, duration of follow-up, and time of assessment in months before and after restorative surgery. Descriptive data synthesis was performed by tabulation displaying the methodological quality, study characteristics and conclusions on QoL, HRQoL, and HS measurements in the studies. RESULTS The review included 33 studies comprising 4790 patients. Three were graded to be of high quality, 23 of moderate quality and seven of low quality. All reported improved HS and the majority reported improved HRQoL. However, none of the studies reported on QoL. CONCLUSION The HRQoL and HS of patients with ulcerative colitis improved 12 months after restorative proctocolectomy with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and were indistinguishable from the HRQoL and HS of the normal healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Heikens
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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