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Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Magoulas GE, Bariamis SE, Tsimali Z, Avgoustakis K, Kontogiorgis CA, Athanassopoulos CM, Papaioannou D. Synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidative potential of minoxidil–polyamine conjugates. Biochimie 2013; 95:1437-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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252
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Zhuang XS, Zheng YY, Xu JJ, Fan WX. Quality of life in women with female pattern hair loss and the impact of topical minoxidil treatment on quality of life in these patients. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:542-546. [PMID: 24137223 PMCID: PMC3786879 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common hair loss disorder in women and it may impact on the psychological and social activities of patients, thereby reducing their quality of life (QoL). Topical minoxidil has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of patients with FPHL. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of patients with FPHL and investigate whether topical minoxidil solution treatment improves the QoL of these patients. In this study, we enrolled 125 female patients aged 16-72 years to answer visual analog scale (VAS) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaires. Of these patients, 31 were recruited for the follow-up study after 12 months of treatment with 2% minoxidil. Each index and the change in QoL prior to and following treatment were statistically analyzed. There was identified to be a correlation between clinical severity and the values of the indices in all patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the VAS and DLQI scores prior to and following treatment with 2% minoxidil. A comparison between the good responders (n=23) and the poor responders (n=8) revealed no significant difference in the improvement of VAS and DLQI scores. The QoL of the patients was severely impaired by FPHL. The DLQI and VAS used in this study were validated as useful indices for the evaluation of QoL due to their high reliability, sensitivity and simplicity. This evaluation is recommended for the management of FPHL treatment. The results of the study demonstrated that topical minoxidil improved the QoL of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sheng Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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253
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Valente Duarte de Sousa IC, Tosti A. New investigational drugs for androgenetic alopecia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:573-89. [PMID: 23550739 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.784743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss, however current treatment options are limited and moderately effective. In the past few years, there has been an increased interest in deciphering the molecular mechanisms responsible for this disorder, which has opened the possibility of novel treatments that promise to not only stimulate hair growth, but also to induce formation of new hair follicles. AREAS COVERED The future holds more effective topical treatments with less systemic side effects (such as topical 5-alfa-reductase inhibitors), prostaglandin analogs and antagonists, medications which act through the Wnt signaling pathway, stem cells for hair regeneration, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and more effective ways of transplanting hair. A comprehensive search was made using PubMed, GoogleScholar and Clinicaltrial.gov using different combination of key words, which included AGA treatment, new treatments for AGA, Wnt pathway, prostaglandins, PRP and stem cells for hair regrowth. EXPERT OPINION In the near future, treatments with topical 5-alfa-reductase inhibitors and prostaglandin agonists or antagonists are expected. More evidence is needed to verify the efficacy of PRP. Although hair follicle bioengineering and multiplication is a fascinating and promising field, it is still a long way from being available to clinicians.
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254
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Pan J, Yung Chan S, Common JEA, Amini S, Miserez A, Birgitte Lane E, Kang L. Fabrication of a 3D hair follicle-like hydrogel by soft lithography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3159-69. [PMID: 23554315 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle transplantation is often used in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, the only source of hair follicles is from human donors themselves, which limits the application of this approach. One possible solution is to reconstitute hair follicle from dissociated cells. Currently, a number of microscale technologies have been developed to create size and shape controlled microenvironments in tissue engineering. Photopolymerizable PEGDA hydrogels are often selected as promising scaffolds in engineered microtissues due to their biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties. Here, we fabricated an array of PEGDA microwells with center islets that mimic the architecture of human hair follicles using soft lithography. Dermal and epithelial cells were seeded in different compartments of the microstructured mould to mimic mesenchymal and epithelial compartmentalization in native hair follicles. We demonstrated that these compartmentalized microstructures support cell proliferation and cell survival over 14 days, and spreading of dermal fibroblasts was observed. This hydrogel micromould provides a potentially useful tool for engineering 3D hair follicle-mimicking complex cultures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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255
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Jalli VP, Jaggavarapu SR, Kamalakaran AS, Gangisetty SK, Nanubolu JB, Gaddamanugu G. Direct access to novel chromeno-pyrimidine-N-oxides via tandem base catalyzed double nucleophilic addition/dehydration reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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256
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Obach RS. Pharmacologically active drug metabolites: impact on drug discovery and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:578-640. [PMID: 23406671 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism represents the most prevalent mechanism for drug clearance. Many drugs are converted to metabolites that can retain the intrinsic affinity of the parent drug for the pharmacological target. Drug metabolism redox reactions such as heteroatom dealkylations, hydroxylations, heteroatom oxygenations, reductions, and dehydrogenations can yield active metabolites, and in rare cases even conjugation reactions can yield an active metabolite. To understand the contribution of an active metabolite to efficacy relative to the contribution of the parent drug, the target affinity, functional activity, plasma protein binding, membrane permeability, and pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite and parent drug must be known. Underlying pharmacokinetic principles and clearance concepts are used to describe the dispositional behavior of metabolites in vivo. A method to rapidly identify active metabolites in drug research is described. Finally, over 100 examples of drugs with active metabolites are discussed with regard to the importance of the metabolite(s) in efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Obach
- Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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257
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Yamada T, Hara K, Umematsu H, Kadowaki T. Male pattern baldness and its association with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2012-002537. [PMID: 23554099 PMCID: PMC3641488 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the association between male pattern baldness and coronary heart disease (CHD). DESIGN Meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published up to November 2012 using keywords that included both 'baldness' and 'coronary heart disease' and the reference lists of those studies identified were also searched. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies were identified that reported risk estimates for CHD related to baldness. Two observers independently assessed eligibility, extracted data and assessed the possibility of bias. DATA SYNTHESIS The adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effect model. RESULTS 850 possible studies, 3 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies were selected (36 990 participants). In the cohort studies, the adjusted RR of men with severe baldness for CHD was 1.32 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.63, p=0.008, I(2)=25%) compared to those without baldness. Analysis of younger men (<55 or ≤60 years) showed a similar association of CHD with severe baldness (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.86, p=0.006, I(2)=0%). In three studies employing the modified Hamilton scale, vertex baldness was associated with CHD and the relation depended on the severity of baldness (severe vertex: RR 1.48 (1.04 to 2.11, p=0.03); moderate vertex: RR 1.36 (1.16 to 1.58, p<0.001); mild vertex: RR 1.18 (1.04 to 1.35, p<0.001)). However, frontal baldness was not associated with CHD (RR 1.11 (0.92 to 1.32, p=0.28)). CONCLUSIONS Vertex baldness, but not frontal baldness, is associated with an increased risk of CHD. The association with CHD depends on the severity of vertex baldness and also exists among younger men. Thus, vertex baldness might be more closely related to atherosclerosis than frontal baldness, but the association between male pattern baldness and CHD deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Yamada
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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258
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259
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Hamishehkar H, Rahimpour Y, Kouhsoltani M. Niosomes as a propitious carrier for topical drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 10:261-72. [PMID: 23252629 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.746310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Topical delivery is defined as drug targeting to the pathologic sites of skin with the least systemic absorption. Drug localization in this case is a crucial issue. For these purposes vesicular drug delivery systems including niosomes, proniosomes, liposomes and transferosomes have been developed. AREAS COVERED This review first highlights the role of niosome in dermatology focusing on localized skin delivery and then reviews the most recent literatures regarding specific applications of niosomal drug delivery systems in clinics. EXPERT OPINION Niosomes are becoming popular in the field of topical drug delivery due to their outstanding characteristics like enhancing the penetration of drugs, providing a sustained pattern of drug release, increasing drug stability and ability to carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hamishehkar
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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260
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Kim MJ, Lim C, Lee JY, Im KR, Yoon KS, Song JM. Visible-to-near IR quantum dot-based hypermulticolor high-content screening of herbal medicines for the efficacy monitoring of hair growth promotion and hair loss inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [PMID: 23190736 DOI: 10.1177/1087057112464574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in alopecia prevention strategies, as the number of alopecia patients is increasing. We examine the efficacy of herbal medicine for hair growth promotion/hair loss inhibition in two cell lines via Western blot and high-content screening (HCS). Nine herbal extracts were obtained from three different herbal medicine mixtures using 3 different extraction methods. Five target proteins-IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), TGF-β2 (transforming growth factor-β2), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), DKK-1 (Dickkopf-1), and Wnt5α-were observed for the assessment of hair growth promotion/hair loss inhibition efficacy. The efficacies of nine extracts were compared with minoxidil as control. Efficacy was defined as a rise in the expression levels of IGF-1, VEGF, and Wnt5α but a decrease in DKK-1 and TGF-β2. Intracellular concurrent imaging of these proteins was successfully achieved using HCS, employing visible-to-near infrared probing based on quantum-antibody conjugates and hypermulticolor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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261
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Shin HS, Lee JM, Park SY, Yang JE, Kim JH, Yi TH. Hair growth activity of Crataegus pinnatifida on C57BL/6 mouse model. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1352-7. [PMID: 23148028 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Crataegus pinnatifida has a long history of use in traditional oriental herbal medicine to stimulating digestion and improving blood circulation. Based on nutrition of hair, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of C. pinnatifida extract on hair growth using mouse model and its mechanisms of action. The C. pinnatifida extract containing the contents of total polyphenol of 5.88□0.82 g gallic acid/100 g extract and proanthocyanidin of 9.15□1.58 mg cyaniding chloride/100 g extract was orally administered daily at a dosage of 50 mg/kg weight to the 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice in telogen. The C. pinnatifida extract promoted hair growth by inducing anagen phase in mice in telogen, reflected by color of skin, thickness of hair shaft, and density of hair. The ratio of anagento telogen was determined by shape of hair follicles in vertically sectioned slide and increased by oral administration of C. pinnatifida extract. The number and the size of hair follicles were also enlarged, indicating anagen phase induction. The proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPC) was accelerated by addition of C. pinnatifida extract, which activated the signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinases (Erk, p-38, and JNK) and Akt. Moreover, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax as the determinant of cell fate was also raised in skin. These results suggest that the C. pinnatifida extract promotes hair growth by inducing anagen phase, which might be mediated by the activation of cellular signalings that enhance the survival of cultured hDPC and the increase of the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax that protects cells against cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Sub Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seocheon-Dong, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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262
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Kumura H, Sawada T, Oda Y, Konno M, Kobayashi K. Potential of polar lipids from bovine milk to regulate the rodent dorsal hair cycle. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3629-33. [PMID: 22720920 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the lipids in bovine milk, minor components such as conjugated linoleic acids and phospholipids are more attractive than triacylglycerols from the standpoint of biological activity. To explore novel functions of bovine milk polar lipids (MPL), topical application to murine dorsal skin was introduced as an assay system. The acetone-insoluble lipid fraction derived from bovine milk was dispersed in ethanol and applied to 9-wk-old C57BL/6N female mice for 3 wk. In combination with visual assessment of the dorsal pigmentation, the progression of the hair cycle was estimated by calculating the ratio of subcutis to dermis thickness. The administration of MPL led to earlier progression of the hair cycle compared with administration of the vehicle. In some cases, the extent of MPL-induced hair cycle progression was comparable to that in animals treated with minoxidil, the most well-known reagent that initiates anagen. These results indicate that the MPL preparation contains a dermal penetrative component that can regulate the hair cycle and, thus, this preparation possesses potential for cosmetic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kumura
- Laboratory of Dairy Food Science, Division of Bioresources and Product Science, Hokkaido University, 060-8589, Sapporo, Japan.
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263
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Khidhir KG, Woodward DF, Farjo NP, Farjo BK, Tang ES, Wang JW, Picksley SM, Randall VA. The prostamide-related glaucoma therapy, bimatoprost, offers a novel approach for treating scalp alopecias. FASEB J 2012; 27:557-67. [PMID: 23104985 PMCID: PMC3545535 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-218156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Balding causes widespread psychological distress but is poorly controlled. The commonest treatment, minoxidil, was originally an antihypertensive drug that promoted unwanted hair. We hypothesized that another serendipitous discovery, increased eyelash growth side-effects of prostamide F(2α)-related eyedrops for glaucoma, may be relevant for scalp alopecias. Eyelash hairs and follicles are highly specialized and remain unaffected by androgens that inhibit scalp follicles and stimulate many others. Therefore, we investigated whether non-eyelash follicles could respond to bimatoprost, a prostamide F(2α) analog recently licensed for eyelash hypotrichosis. Bimatoprost, at pharmacologically selective concentrations, increased hair synthesis in scalp follicle organ culture and advanced mouse pelage hair regrowth in vivo compared to vehicle alone. A prostamide receptor antagonist blocked isolated follicle growth, confirming a direct, receptor-mediated mechanism within follicles; RT-PCR analysis identified 3 relevant receptor genes in scalp follicles in vivo. Receptors were located in the key follicle regulator, the dermal papilla, by analyzing individual follicular structures and immunohistochemistry. Thus, bimatoprost stimulates human scalp follicles in culture and rodent pelage follicles in vivo, mirroring eyelash behavior, and scalp follicles contain bimatoprost-sensitive prostamide receptors in vivo. This highlights a new follicular signaling system and confirms that bimatoprost offers a novel, low-risk therapeutic approach for scalp alopecias.
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264
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Garza LA, Liu Y, Yang Z, Alagesan B, Lawson JA, Norberg SM, Loy DE, Zhao T, Blatt HB, Stanton DC, Carrasco L, Ahluwalia G, Fischer SM, FitzGerald GA, Cotsarelis G. Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:126ra34. [PMID: 22440736 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone is necessary for the development of male pattern baldness, known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA); yet, the mechanisms for decreased hair growth in this disorder are unclear. We show that prostaglandin D(2) synthase (PTGDS) is elevated at the mRNA and protein levels in bald scalp compared to haired scalp of men with AGA. The product of PTGDS enzyme activity, prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), is similarly elevated in bald scalp. During normal follicle cycling in mice, Ptgds and PGD(2) levels increase immediately preceding the regression phase, suggesting an inhibitory effect on hair growth. We show that PGD(2) inhibits hair growth in explanted human hair follicles and when applied topically to mice. Hair growth inhibition requires the PGD(2) receptor G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide)-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44), but not the PGD(2) receptor 1 (PTGDR). Furthermore, we find that a transgenic mouse, K14-Ptgs2, which targets prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression to the skin, demonstrates elevated levels of PGD(2) in the skin and develops alopecia, follicular miniaturization, and sebaceous gland hyperplasia, which are all hallmarks of human AGA. These results define PGD(2) as an inhibitor of hair growth in AGA and suggest the PGD(2)-GPR44 pathway as a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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265
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Song JH, Lee JS, Choi HJ. Hair growth promoting effect of essence manufactured with products fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Backryeoncho (Opuntia ficus-indica var. sarboten) fruits in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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266
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Lai JJ, Chang P, Lai KP, Chen L, Chang C. The role of androgen and androgen receptor in skin-related disorders. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 304:499-510. [PMID: 22829074 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) may play important roles in several skin-related diseases, such as androgenetic alopecia and acne vulgaris. Current treatments for these androgen/AR-involved diseases, which target the synthesis of androgens or prevent its binding to AR, can cause significant adverse side effects. Based on the recent studies using AR knockout mice, it has been suggested that AR and androgens play distinct roles in the skin pathogenesis, and AR seems to be a better target than androgens for the treatment of these skin diseases. Here, we review recent studies of androgen/AR roles in several skin-related disorders, including acne vulgaris, androgenetic alopecia and hirsutism, as well as cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Jyh Lai
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 626, URMC, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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267
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van Bon BWM, Gilissen C, Grange DK, Hennekam RCM, Kayserili H, Engels H, Reutter H, Ostergaard JR, Morava E, Tsiakas K, Isidor B, Le Merrer M, Eser M, Wieskamp N, de Vries P, Steehouwer M, Veltman JA, Robertson SP, Brunner HG, de Vries BBA, Hoischen A. Cantú syndrome is caused by mutations in ABCC9. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:1094-101. [PMID: 22608503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantú syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, neonatal macrosomia, a distinct osteochondrodysplasia, and cardiomegaly. Using an exome-sequencing approach applied to one proband-parent trio and three unrelated single cases, we identified heterozygous mutations in ABCC9 in all probands. With the inclusion of the remaining cohort of ten individuals with Cantú syndrome, a total of eleven mutations in ABCC9 were found. The de novo occurrence in all six simplex cases in our cohort substantiates the presence of a dominant disease mechanism. All mutations were missense, and several mutations affect Arg1154. This mutation hot spot lies within the second type 1 transmembrane region of this ATP-binding cassette transporter protein, which may suggest an activating mutation. ABCC9 encodes the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) that forms ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels) originally shown in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. Previously, loss-of-function mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy type 10 (CMD10). These findings identify the genetic basis of Cantú syndrome and suggest that this is a new member of the potassium channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W M van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, The Netherlands
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268
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Mura S, Manconi M, Fadda AM, Sala MC, Perricci J, Pini E, Sinico C. Penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) as carriers for cutaneous delivery of minoxidil: in vitro evaluation of drug permeation by infrared spectroscopy. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1339-45. [PMID: 22563642 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.685661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we carried out a research on new liposomal systems prepared by using in their composition a few penetration enhancers which differ for chemical structure and physicochemical properties. The penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) were prepared by using soy lecithin and different amounts of three penetration enhancers, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethanol (Transcutol(®)), capryl-caproyl macrogol 8-glyceride (Labrasol(®)), and cineole.To study the influence of the PEVs on (trans)dermal delivery of minoxidil, in vitro diffusion experiments were performed through new born pig skin and the results were compared with that obtained applying the vesicular system without enhancer (control) after pretreatment of the skin with the various enhancers. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) and FTIR imaging were used to evaluate the effective penetration of minoxidil in the skin layers and to discover the influence of the enhancer on the drug topical delivery. These analytical studies allowed us to characterize the drug formulations and to evaluate the vesicle distribution into the skin. Recorded spectra confirmed that the vesicle formulations with penetration enhancers promoted drug deposition into the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mura
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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269
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Yang Z, Gu L, Zhang D, Li Z, Li J, Lee M, Wang C, Wang Z, Cho J, Sung C. Red Deer Antler Extract Accelerates Hair Growth by Stimulating Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Full-thickness Wound Healing Rat Model. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:708-16. [PMID: 25049617 PMCID: PMC4093112 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on hair growth in the full-thickness wound healing model, Sprague-Dawley rats were given incision wounds through the full thickness of their dorsal skin and deer antler was applied for 40 days. At specified intervals thereafter (4, 8, 16, 32 and 40 days), the animals were sacrificed and the wound site skins were excised, processed, and sectioned. At post-injury days 16, 32 and 40, longer and more active new hair appeared around the healing wound of antler-treated skin. Histological studies showed that the antler extract markedly increases the depth, size, and number of hair follicles. Expression of IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR. The result showed that the expression of IGF-I (days 16, 32, and 40) was obviously up-regulated in antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results were seen in the ELISA analysis to quantify the IGF-I expression. These results support the notion that wound healing can cause hair growth by enhancing the expression of IGF-I. Deer antler extract appears to have the potential to promote hair growth and could be used in hair growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiHong Yang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - LiJuan Gu
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - DongLiang Zhang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - JingJie Li
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - MiRa Lee
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - ChunYan Wang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - JeongHee Cho
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
| | - Changkeun Sung
- Colloge of life science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 31300, China
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270
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271
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Sinclair R, Patel M, Dawson TL, Yazdabadi A, Yip L, Perez A, Rufaut NW. Hair loss in women: medical and cosmetic approaches to increase scalp hair fullness. Br J Dermatol 2012; 165 Suppl 3:12-8. [PMID: 22171680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia affects both men and women. In men it produces male pattern hair loss with bitemporal recession and vertex baldness. In women it produces female pattern hair loss (FPHL) with diffuse alopecia over the mid-frontal scalp. FPHL occurs as a result of nonuniform hair follicle miniaturization within follicular units. Diffuse alopecia is produced by a reduction in the number of terminal fibres per follicular unit. Baldness occurs only when all hairs within the follicular units are miniaturized and is a relatively late event in women. The concepts of follicular units and primary and secondary hair follicles within follicular units are well established in comparative mammalian studies, particularly in sheep. However, discovery of these structures in the human scalp hair and investigation of the changes in follicular unit anatomy during the development of androgenetic alopecia have provided a clearer understanding of the early stages of androgenetic alopecia and how the male and female patterns of hair loss are related. FPHL is the most common cause of alopecia in women and approximately one-third of adult caucasian women experience hair loss. The impact of FPHL is predominantly psychological. While men anticipate age-related hair loss, hair loss in women is usually unexpected and unwelcome at any age. Treatment options to arrest hair loss progression and stimulate partial hair regrowth for FPHL include the androgen receptor antagonists spironolactone and cyproterone acetate, the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride and the androgen-independent hair growth stimulator minoxidil. These treatments appear to work best when initiated early. Hair transplantation should be considered in advanced FPHL that is resistant to medical treatments. Hair transplantation requires well-preserved hair growth over the occipital donor area. The psychological impact of FPHL may also be reduced by cosmetic products that improve the appearance of the hair. These agents work to minimize hair fibre breakage, improve hair volume or conceal visible bald scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sinclair
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, PO Box 2900 Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia.
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273
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Blume-Peytavi U, Hillmann K, Dietz E, Canfield D, Garcia Bartels N. A randomized, single-blind trial of 5% minoxidil foam once daily versus 2% minoxidil solution twice daily in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:1126-1134.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.09.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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274
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Purnak T, Senel E, Sahin C. Liquid formulation of minoxidil versus its foam formulation. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56:462. [PMID: 21965875 PMCID: PMC3179030 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.84714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tugrul Purnak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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275
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Robinson Guerrero A, Ch. MK. Alopecias. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(11)70490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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276
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Chen PH, Wang CY, Hsia CW, Ho MY, Chen A, Tseng MJ, Wu YF, Chen HM, Huang TH, Liu HT, Shui HA. Impact of taxol on dermal papilla cells — A proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2760-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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277
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Rushton DH, Gilkes JJH, Van Neste DJJ. No improvement in male-pattern hair loss using laser hair-comb therapy: a 6-month, half-head, assessor-blinded investigation in two men. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 37:313-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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278
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Gelfuso GM, Gratieri T, Simão PS, de Freitas LAP, Lopez RFV. Chitosan microparticles for sustaining the topical delivery of minoxidil sulphate. J Microencapsul 2011; 28:650-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.604435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n. 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Taís Gratieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n. 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sper Simão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n. 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Alexandre Pedro de Freitas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n. 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n. 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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279
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Zhang D, Lijuan G, Jingjie L, Zheng L, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu L, Mira L, Sung C. Cow placenta extract promotes murine hair growth through enhancing the insulin - like growth factor-1. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56:14-8. [PMID: 21572784 PMCID: PMC3088926 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.77544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair loss is seen as an irreversible process. Most research concentrates on how to elongate the anagen, reduce the negative factors of obstructing hair growth and improve the hair number and size. AIM In our experiment, we tried to prove that the cow placenta extract can promote hair growth by elongating hair shaft and increasing hair follicle number. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cow placenta extract (CPE), water and minoxidil applied separately on the back of depilated B57CL/6 mice for the case, negative and positive control respectively. We checked the proliferation of cells which are resident in hair sheath, and the expression of a few growth factors which stimulate hair growth. RESULTS Result shows that placenta extract more efficiently accelerates cell division and growth factor expression, by raising the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) mRNA and protein level to increase HF size and hair length. CONCLUSIONS The extract is not a purified product; so, it is less effective than minoxidil, which is approved by the US FDA for the treatment of male pattern baldness. If refinement is done, the placenta extract would be a good candidate medicine for hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zhang
- from Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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280
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Joo SS. In vitro and In vivo Hair Growth Promotion Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum-Fermented Plant Extracts (MBN). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2011.43.3.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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281
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Baek JH, Lee SY, Yoo M, Park WS, Lee SJ, Boo YC, Koh JS. Effects of a new mild shampoo for preventing hair loss in Asian by a simple hand-held phototrichogram technique. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:491-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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282
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283
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Padois K, Cantiéni C, Bertholle V, Bardel C, Pirot F, Falson F. Solid lipid nanoparticles suspension versus commercial solutions for dermal delivery of minoxidil. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:300-4. [PMID: 21704140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles have been reported as possible carrier for skin drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles are produced from biocompatible and biodegradable lipids. Solid lipid nanoparticles made of semi-synthetic triglycerides stabilized with a mixture of polysorbate and sorbitan oleate were loaded with 5% of minoxidil. The prepared systems were characterized for particle size, pH and drug content. Ex vivo skin penetration studies were performed using Franz-type glass diffusion cells and pig ear skin. Ex vivo skin corrosion studies were realized with a method derived from the Corrositex(®) test. Solid lipid nanoparticles suspensions were compared to commercial solutions in terms of skin penetration and skin corrosion. Solid lipid nanoparticles suspensions have been shown as efficient as commercial solutions for skin penetration; and were non-corrosive while commercial solutions presented a corrosive potential. Solid lipid nanoparticles suspensions would constitute a promising formulation for hair loss treatment.
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284
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Wang L, Million M, Rivier J, Rivier C, Craft N, Stenzel-Poore MP, Taché Y. CRF receptor antagonist astressin-B reverses and prevents alopecia in CRF over-expressing mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16377. [PMID: 21359208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways are involved in the stress response, and there is growing evidence supporting hair growth inhibition of murine hair follicle in vivo upon stress exposure. We investigated whether the blockade of CRF receptors influences the development of hair loss in CRF over-expressing (OE)-mice that display phenotypes of Cushing's syndrome and chronic stress, including alopecia. The non-selective CRF receptors antagonist, astressin-B (5 µg/mouse) injected peripherally once a day for 5 days in 4-9 months old CRF-OE alopecic mice induced pigmentation and hair re-growth that was largely retained for over 4 months. In young CRF-OE mice, astressin-B prevented the development of alopecia that occurred in saline-treated mice. Histological examination indicated that alopecic CRF-OE mice had hair follicle atrophy and that astressin-B revived the hair follicle from the telogen to anagen phase. However, astressin-B did not show any effect on the elevated plasma corticosterone levels and the increased weights of adrenal glands and visceral fat in CRF-OE mice. The selective CRF₂ receptor antagonist, astressin₂-B had moderate effect on pigmentation, but not on hair re-growth. The commercial drug for alopecia, minoxidil only showed partial effect on hair re-growth. These data support the existence of a key molecular switching mechanism triggered by blocking peripheral CRF receptors with an antagonist to reset hair growth in a mouse model of alopecia associated with chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, CURE and Center for Neurobiological Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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285
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Morita T, Kitagawa M, Yamamoto S, Suzuki M, Sogabe A, Imura T, Fukuoka T, Kitamoto D. Activation of fibroblast and papilla cells by glycolipid biosurfactants, mannosylerythritol lipids. J Oleo Sci 2010; 59:451-5. [PMID: 20625237 DOI: 10.5650/jos.59.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), the extracellular glycolipids produced from feedstock by yeasts belonging to the genus Pseudozyma, are the most promising biosurfactants known due to its versatile interfacial and biochemical actions. In order to broaden the application in cosmetics, the cell activating property of MELs was investigated using cultured fibroblast and papilla cells, and a three-dimensional cultured human skin model. The di-acetylated MEL (MEL-A) produced from soybean oil significantly increased the viability of the fibroblast cells over 150% compared with that of control cells. On the other hand, no cell activation was observed by the treatment with MEL-A produced from olive oil. The mono-acetylated MEL (MEL-B) hardly increased the cell viability. The viability of the fibroblast cells decreased with the addition of more than 1 microg/L of MELs, whereas the cultured human skin cells showed high viability with 5 microg/L of MELs. Interestingly, the papilla cells were dramatically activated with 0.001 microg/L of MEL-A produced from soybean oil: the cell viability reached at 150% compared with that of control cells. Consequently, the present MEL-A produced from soybean oil should have a potential as a new hair growth agent stimulating the papilla cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotake Morita
- Research Institute for Innovations in Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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286
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COHEN JOELL. Enhancing the Growth of Natural Eyelashes: The Mechanism of Bimatoprost-Induced Eyelash Growth. Dermatol Surg 2010; 36:1361-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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287
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Rathnayake D, Sinclair R. Innovative Use of Spironolactone as an Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss. Dermatol Clin 2010; 28:611-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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288
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Semalty M, Semalty A, Joshi GP, Rawat MSM. Hair growth and rejuvenation: an overview. J DERMATOL TREAT 2010; 22:123-32. [PMID: 20536276 DOI: 10.3109/09546630903578574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hair has psychological and sociological importance throughout the ages in framing the personality and general appearance of an individual. Significant progress is being made on discovering an effective and safe drug for hair growth. Angiogenesis, androgen antagonism, vasodilation, potassium channel opening and 5-alpha reductase inhibition are the major non-surgical therapeutic strategies of hair growth promotion. In spite of a flood of drugs claiming to be useful as hair growth promoters, more rational strategies, which can target the problem areas or stages of the hair growth cycle effectively, are still awaited. This article highlights the developments in hair rejuvenation strategies and reviews the potential of herbal drugs as safer and effective alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Semalty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India.
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289
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Miranda BH, Tobin DJ, Sharpe DT, Randall VA. Intermediate hair follicles: a new more clinically relevant model for hair growth investigations. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:287-95. [PMID: 20500795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia causes widespread psychological distress, but is relatively poorly controlled. The development of new treatments is hampered by the lack of suitable human hair follicle models. Although intermediate and vellus hair follicles are the main clinical targets for pharmacological therapy, terminal hair follicles are more frequently studied as smaller hair follicles are more difficult to obtain. OBJECTIVES This investigation was designed to quantify in vivo morphological and in vitro behavioural differences in organ culture between matched intermediate and terminal hair follicles, in order to develop a new clinically relevant model system. METHODS Microdissected terminal and intermediate hair follicles, from the same individuals, were analysed morphometrically (250 follicles; five individuals), or observed and measured over 9 days of organ culture (210 follicles; six individuals). RESULTS Intermediate hair follicles were less pigmented and smaller, penetrating less below the skin surface (mean +/- SEM) (2.59 +/- 0.07 vs. 3.52 +/- 0.10 mm; P = 0.02), with smaller fibre (0.03 +/- 0.002 vs. 0.07 +/- 0.002 mm), connective tissue sheath (0.24 +/- 0.01 mm vs. 0.33 +/- 0.01 mm), bulb (0.19 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.01 mm) and dermal papilla (0.06 +/- 0.002 vs. 0.12 +/- 0.01 mm) diameters (P < 0.001). Intermediate hair follicle bulbs appeared 'tubular', unlike their 'bulbous' terminal follicle counterparts. In organ culture they also grew more slowly (0.044 +/- 0.002 vs. 0.067 +/- 0.003 mm per day; P < 0.001), remained in anagen longer (84 +/- 0.03% vs. 74 +/- 0.03% at day 9; P = 0.012) and produced less hair fibre (0.36 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.03 mm; P < 0.001) than terminal follicles. CONCLUSIONS Smaller intermediate hair follicles showed major morphological differences from terminal follicles in vivo and retained significant, biologically relevant differences in vitro in organ culture. Therefore, intermediate hair follicles offer a novel, exciting, more clinically relevant, albeit technically difficult, model for future investigations into hair growth. This should be particularly important for developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Miranda
- Plastic Surgery and Burns Research Unit and Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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290
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Mura S, Manconi M, Valenti D, Sinico C, Vila AO, Fadda AM. Transcutol containing vesicles for topical delivery of minoxidil. J Drug Target 2010; 19:189-96. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.483516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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291
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Synthetic studies toward the development of novel minoxidil analogs and conjugates with polyamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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292
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Tauchi M, Fuchs T, Kellenberger A, Woodward D, Paus R, Lütjen-Drecoll E. Characterization of an in vivo
model for the study of eyelash biology and trichomegaly: mouse eyelash morphology, development, growth cycle, and anagen prolongation by bimatoprost. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:1186-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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293
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Alkhalifah A, Alsantali A, Wang E, McElwee KJ, Shapiro J. Alopecia areata update: part II. Treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62:191-202, quiz 203-4. [PMID: 20115946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Various therapeutic agents have been described for the treatment of alopecia areata (AA), but none are curative or preventive. The aim of AA treatment is to suppress the activity of the disease. The high rate of spontaneous remission and the paucity of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies make the evidence-based assessment of these therapies difficult. The second part of this two-part series on AA discusses treatment options in detail and suggests treatment plans according to specific disease presentation. It also reviews recently reported experimental treatment options and potential directions for future disease management. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to compare the efficacy and safety of various treatment options, formulate a treatment plan tailored to individual patients, and recognize recently described treatments and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alkhalifah
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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294
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Grice JE, Ciotti S, Weiner N, Lockwood P, Cross SE, Roberts MS. Relative uptake of minoxidil into appendages and stratum corneum and permeation through human skin in vitro. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:712-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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295
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Abstract
The appearance of hair plays an important role in people's overall physical appearance and self-perception. With today's increasing life expectation, the desire to look youthful plays a bigger role than ever. The hair care industry has become aware of this and also more capable to deliver active products that are directed toward meeting this consumer demand. The discovery of pharmacological targets and the development of safe and effective drugs also indicate strategies of the drug industry for maintenance of healthy and beautiful hair. Hair aging comprises weathering of the hair shaft and aging of the hair follicle. The latter manifests as decrease of melanocyte function or graying, and decrease in hair production in androgenetic and senescent alopecia. The scalp is also subject to intrinsic or physiologic aging and extrinsic aging caused by external factors. Intrinsic factors are related to individual genetic and epigenetic mechanisms with interindividual variation. Prototypes are familial premature graying and androgenetic alopecia. Extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation and smoking. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a role in skin and hair aging. Topical anti-aging compounds for hair include humefactants, hair conditioners, photoprotectors, and antioxidants. Current available treatment modalities with proven efficacy for treatment of androgenetic alopecia are topical minoxidil, oral finasteride, and autologous hair transplantation. In the absence of another way to reverse hair graying, hair colorants are the mainstays of recovering lost hair color. Topical liposome targeting for melanins, genes, and proteins selectively to hair follicles are under current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph M Trüeb
- Department of Dermatology and Hair Consultation Clinic, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
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296
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Ali Mapar M, Omidian M. Is topical minoxidil solution effective on androgenetic alopecia in routine daily practice? J DERMATOL TREAT 2009; 18:268-70. [DOI: 10.1080/09546630701383727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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297
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Lee GS, Hong EJ, Gwak KS, Park MJ, Choi KC, Choi IG, Jang JW, Jeung EB. The essential oils of Chamaecyparis obtusa promote hair growth through the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor gene. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:17-24. [PMID: 19576968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa) is a conifer in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to northeast Asia. The essential oils of C. obtusa have antibacterial and antifungal effects and several products such as hygienic bands, aromatics, and shampoos contain these oils as a natural source of antimicrobial/antifungal agents. Interestingly, some consumers suffering from baldness and/or other forms of hair loss have reported a hair growth promoting effect of shampoos containing these oils. In the present study, the hair growth promoting effect of C. obtusa oils was elucidated in an animal model. C. obtusa oils promoted the early phase of hair growth in shaved mice. In addition, we examined the molecular effect of C. obtusa oils on the regulation of hair morphogenesis and hair growth using the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. In the current study of hair growth regulating genes, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF beta 1), and keratinocyte growth factor(KGF) have been analyzed by real-time PCR in HaCaT cells. The essential oils of C. obtusa were divided into seven fractions for treatment of HaCaT cells. VEGF transcripts were induced by fractions 6 and 7; however, TGF beta 1 and KGF mRNA levels were unchanged by C. obtusa oils or fractions. Fraction 7 was separated into seven sub-fractions and studied further. Sub-fractions E and D significantly increased VEGF and KGF gene expression without up-regulating the hair growth inhibition factor, TGF beta 1. The components of the two sub-fractions were further analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cuminol, eucarvone, and calamenene were common to these two sub-fractions, although the effects of these individual components were not determined. Taken together, these results suggest that C. obtusa oils promote hair growth in an animal model and a positive regulator of hair growth, VEGF, was induced by particular components of these oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Shik Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
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299
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