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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 and 9969=5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 and 5942=7793-- wekp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 where 1308=1308 or not 3176=8140-- fmnx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 having 2903=4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 and 9876=9876#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 or not 3512=3512-- oniq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 or not 2016=9936-- tbsf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 and make_set(3433=7054,7054)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 where 4062=4062 and 5081=5081-- ilyf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 and make_set(2734=2878,2878)# lcij] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 having 4867=4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Challenges in Antibody Development against Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Biomolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/biom5031783 and 5081=5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sethi MK, Fanayan S. Using Single Lectins to Enrich Glycoproteins in Conditioned Media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 81:24.6.1-24.6.10. [DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2406s81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manveen K. Sethi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney Australia
| | - Susan Fanayan
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University Sydney Australia
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282
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Thompson P, Lakshminarayanan V, Supekar NT, Bradley JM, Cohen PA, Wolfert MA, Gendler SJ, Boons GJ. Linear synthesis and immunological properties of a fully synthetic vaccine candidate containing a sialylated MUC1 glycopeptide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10214-7. [PMID: 26022217 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the linear synthesis of a sialylated glycolipopeptide cancer vaccine candidate has been developed using a strategically designed sialyl-Tn building block and microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis. The glycolipopeptide elicited potent humoral and cellular immune responses. T-cells primed by such a vaccine candidate could be restimulated by tumor-associated MUC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Thompson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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283
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Beatson R, Maurstad G, Picco G, Arulappu A, Coleman J, Wandell HH, Clausen H, Mandel U, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Sletmoen M, Burchell JM. The Breast Cancer-Associated Glycoforms of MUC1, MUC1-Tn and sialyl-Tn, Are Expressed in COSMC Wild-Type Cells and Bind the C-Type Lectin MGL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125994. [PMID: 25951175 PMCID: PMC4423978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation occurs in the majority of human cancers and changes in mucin-type O-glycosylation are key events that play a role in the induction of invasion and metastases. These changes generate novel cancer-specific glyco-antigens that can interact with cells of the immune system through carbohydrate binding lectins. Two glyco-epitopes that are found expressed by many carcinomas are Tn (GalNAc-Ser/Thr) and STn (NeuAcα2,6GalNAc-Ser/Thr). These glycans can be carried on many mucin-type glycoproteins including MUC1. We show that the majority of breast cancers carry Tn within the same cell and in close proximity to extended glycan T (Galβ1,3GalNAc) the addition of Gal to the GalNAc being catalysed by the T synthase. The presence of active T synthase suggests that loss of the private chaperone for T synthase, COSMC, does not explain the expression of Tn and STn in breast cancer cells. We show that MUC1 carrying both Tn or STn can bind to the C-type lectin MGL and using atomic force microscopy show that they bind to MGL with a similar dead adhesion force. Tumour associated STn is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in breast carcinomas, inhibition of DC maturation, DC apoptosis and inhibition of NK activity. As engagement of MGL in the absence of TLR triggering may lead to anergy, the binding of MUC1-STn to MGL may be in part responsible for some of the characteristics of STn expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Gjertrud Maurstad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gianfranco Picco
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Appitha Arulappu
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Coleman
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Hans H. Wandell
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joy M. Burchell
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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284
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Muthana SM, Xia L, Campbell CT, Zhang Y, Gildersleeve JC. Competition between serum IgG, IgM, and IgA anti-glycan antibodies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119298. [PMID: 25807519 PMCID: PMC4373866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-glycan antibodies are an abundant subpopulation of serum antibodies with critical functions in many immune processes. Changes in the levels of these antibodies can occur with the onset of disease, exposure to pathogens, or vaccination. As a result, there has been significant interest in exploiting anti-glycan antibodies as biomarkers for many diseases. Serum contains a mixture of anti-glycan antibodies that can recognize the same antigen, and competition for binding can potentially influence the detection of antibody subpopulations that are more relevant to disease processes. The most abundant antibody isotypes in serum are IgG, IgM, and IgA, but little is known regarding how these different isotypes compete for the same glycan antigen. In this study, we developed a multiplexed glycan microarray assay and applied it to evaluate how different isotypes of anti-glycan antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM) compete for printed glycan antigens. While IgG and IgA antibodies typically outcompete IgM for peptide or protein antigens, we found that IgM outcompete IgG and IgA for many glycan antigens. To illustrate the importance of this effect, we provide evidence that IgM competition can account for the unexpected observation that IgG of certain antigen specificities appear to be preferentially transported from mothers to fetuses. We demonstrate that IgM in maternal sera compete with IgG resulting in lower than expected IgG signals. Since cord blood contains very low levels of IgM, competition only affects maternal IgG signals, making it appear as though certain IgG antibodies are higher in cord blood than matched maternal blood. Taken together, the results highlight the importance of competition for studies involving anti-glycan antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam M. Muthana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Li Xia
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Campbell
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, MD, 21702, United States of America
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285
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Cai H, Palitzsch B, Hartmann S, Stergiou N, Kunz H, Schmitt E, Westerlind U. Antibody induction directed against the tumor-associated MUC4 glycoprotein. Chembiochem 2015; 16:959-67. [PMID: 25755023 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are important diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Although several strategies have been developed to explore anti-tumor vaccines based on MUC1 glycopeptides, only few studies have focused on vaccines directed against the tumor-associated MUC4 glycoprotein. MUC4 is an important tumor marker overexpressed in lung cancer and uniquely expressed in pancreatic ductual adenocarcinoma. The aberrant glycosylation of MUC4 in tumor cells results in an exposure of its peptide backbone and the formation of tumor-associated glycopeptide antigens. Due to the low immunogenicity of these endogenous structures, their conjugation with immune stimulating peptide or protein carriers are required. In this study, MUC4 tandem-repeat glycopeptides were conjugated to the tetanus toxoid and used for vaccination of mice. Immunological evaluations showed that our MUC4-based vaccines induced very strong antigen-specific immune responses. In addition, antibody binding epitope analysis on glycopeptide microarrays, were demonstrating a clear glycosylation site dependence of the induced antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V. ISAS-Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6b, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
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286
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Role of the unfolded protein response in regulating the mucin-dependent filamentous-growth mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1414-32. [PMID: 25666509 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01501-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling mucins are evolutionarily conserved regulators of signal transduction pathways. The signaling mucin Msb2p regulates the Cdc42p-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that controls filamentous growth in yeast. The cleavage and release of the glycosylated inhibitory domain of Msb2p is required for MAPK activation. We show here that proteolytic processing of Msb2p was induced by underglycosylation of its extracellular domain. Cleavage of underglycosylated Msb2p required the unfolded protein response (UPR), a quality control (QC) pathway that operates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The UPR regulator Ire1p, which detects misfolded/underglycosylated proteins in the ER, controlled Msb2p cleavage by regulating transcriptional induction of Yps1p, the major protease that processes Msb2p. Accordingly, the UPR was required for differentiation to the filamentous cell type. Cleavage of Msb2p occurred in conditional trafficking mutants that trap secretory cargo in the endomembrane system. Processed Msb2p was delivered to the plasma membrane, and its turnover by the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5p and ESCRT attenuated the filamentous-growth pathway. We speculate that the QC pathways broadly regulate signaling glycoproteins and their cognate pathways by recognizing altered glycosylation patterns that can occur in response to extrinsic cues.
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287
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Kudelka MR, Ju T, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Simple sugars to complex disease--mucin-type O-glycans in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 126:53-135. [PMID: 25727146 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans are a class of glycans initiated with N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) α-linked primarily to Ser/Thr residues within glycoproteins and often extended or branched by sugars or saccharides. Most secretory and membrane-bound proteins receive this modification, which is important in regulating many biological processes. Alterations in mucin-type O-glycans have been described across tumor types and include expression of relatively small-sized, truncated O-glycans and altered terminal structures, both of which are associated with patient prognosis. New discoveries in the identity and expression of tumor-associated O-glycans are providing new avenues for tumor detection and treatment. This chapter describes mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, altered mucin-type O-glycans in primary tumors, including mechanisms for structural changes and contributions to the tumor phenotype, and clinical approaches to detect and target altered O-glycans for cancer treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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288
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Corfield AP. Mucins: A biologically relevant glycan barrier in mucosal protection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:236-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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289
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Page DB, Naidoo J, McArthur HL. Emerging immunotherapy strategies in breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:195-209. [PMID: 24491092 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immunogenicity is typically associated with renal cell carcinomas and melanoma, there are several compelling reasons why immune-based therapies should be explored in breast cancer. First, breast cancers express multiple putative tumor-associated antigens, such as HER-2 and MUC-1, which have been the successful focus of vaccine development over the past decade, translating into tumor-specific immune responses and, in some cases, clinical benefit. Second, passive immune strategies with anti-HER-2 antibodies, such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab, have led to survival benefits in breast cancer. Finally, the successes observed with novel immunotherapeutic strategies, such as immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T-cell therapies in other malignancies, combined with a growing body of literature that supports an interplay between solid tumors and the immune system, indicate that these strategies have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Page
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, 300 East 66th Street, New York, NY 10065, NY, USA
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290
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Rolfo C, Sortino G, Smits E, Passiglia F, Bronte G, Castiglia M, Russo A, Santos ES, Janssens A, Pauwels P, Raez L. Immunotherapy: is a minor god yet in the pantheon of treatments for lung cancer? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1173-87. [PMID: 25148289 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.952287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been studied for many years in lung cancer without significant results, making the majority of oncologists quite skeptical about its possible application for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. However, the recent knowledge about immune escape and subsequent 'cancer immunoediting' has yielded the development of new strategies of cancer immunotherapy, heralding a new era of lung cancer treatment. Cancer vaccines, including both whole-cell and peptide vaccines have been tested both in early and advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer. New immunomodulatory agents, including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD1/PDL1 monoclonal antibodies, have been investigated as monotherapy in metastatic lung cancer. To date, these treatments have shown impressive results of efficacy and tolerability in early clinical trials, leading to testing in several large, randomized Phase III trials. As these results will be confirmed, these drugs will be available in the near future, offering new exciting therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rolfo
- Oncology Department, Phase I - Early Clinical Trials Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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291
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Mechanisms of antitumor and immune-enhancing activities of MUC1/sec, a secreted form of mucin-1. Immunol Res 2014; 57:70-80. [PMID: 24222275 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a polymorphic type 1 transmembrane protein found on the apical surface of normal cells lining the lumen of ducts and glands. Mucins are thought to provide mucosal protection from environmental exposures and carcinogens. An altered form of the MUC1 glycoprotein, which is hypoglycosylated, is expressed in several types of human cancers. In our laboratory, we have found that transfection of a murine mammary tumor cell line with a human secreted isoform of MUC1 rendered these DA-3 cells (DA-3/sec) incapable of growing in intact BALB/c mice. In contrast, implantation of DA-3 cells transfected with the human transmembrane isoform of MUC1 (DA-3/TM), resulted in tumor formation and ultimately death of the animals, similar to the DA-3 parental line. Importantly, inoculation of the DA-3/sec cells in immunodeficient nude mice resulted in tumor formation, indicating that the MUC1/sec molecule's antitumor activity is immunologically controlled. In this review, we summarize the studies we have performed to elucidate possible mechanisms for the immune-mediated antitumor effect of MUC1/sec and/or a unique peptide present in this mucin. Understanding these mechanisms may provide new immunotherapeutic approaches that could be used to target different types of cancer.
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292
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Lacombe J, Mangé A, Bougnoux AC, Prassas I, Solassol J. A multiparametric serum marker panel as a complementary test to mammography for the diagnosis of node-negative early-stage breast cancer and DCIS in young women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1834-42. [PMID: 24957886 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity of mammography for the detection of small lesions, including node-negative early-stage (T1N0) primary breast cancer (PBC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), is significantly decreased in young patients. From a clinical standpoint, an inconclusive mammogram reflects the inability of clinicians to confidently decide whether patients should be referred for biopsy or for follow-up with repeat imaging. METHODS Specific ELISAs were developed for a panel of 13 well-recognized breast autoantigens (HSP60, FKBP52, PRDX2, PPIA, MUC1, GAL3, PAK2, P53, CCNB1, PHB2, RACK1, RUVBL1, and HER2). Circulating autoantibody levels were measured in a cohort of 396 serum samples from histologically confirmed DCIS (n = 87) or T1N0 PBC (n = 153) and healthy controls (n = 156). RESULTS Individually, antibodies against CCNB1, FKBP52, GAL3, PAK2, PRDX2, PPIA, P53, and MUC1 demonstrated discriminatory power between breast cancer and healthy control groups. At 90% sensitivity, the overall combined specificity of the autoantibody serum screening test was 42%. Adjustment for higher sensitivities of 95% and 99% resulted in 30% and 21% specificities, respectively (33% and 18% in T1N0 PBC and 28% and 21% in DCIS). Finally, in patients with node-negative early-stage breast cancer younger than 50 years, the autoantibody assay exhibited 59% specificity with a fixed sensitivity at 90%. CONCLUSIONS Our autoantibody panel allows accurate detection of early breast cancer and DCIS, notably in younger patients. IMPACT Clinical assessment of this autoantibody panel displays a potential to facilitate clinical management of early-stage breast cancer detection in cases of inconclusive mammogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lacombe
- CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve, Department of Biopathology, Montpellier, France. University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France. CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Department of Clinical Oncoproteomics, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Mangé
- CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve, Department of Biopathology, Montpellier, France. University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France. CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Department of Clinical Oncoproteomics, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Claire Bougnoux
- CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve, Department of Biopathology, Montpellier, France. University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France. CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Department of Clinical Oncoproteomics, Montpellier, France
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jérôme Solassol
- CHU Montpellier, Arnaud de Villeneuve, Department of Biopathology, Montpellier, France. University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France. CRLC Val d'Aurelle, Department of Clinical Oncoproteomics, Montpellier, France.
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293
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Abdel-Aal ABM, Lakshminarayanan V, Thompson P, Supekar N, Bradley JM, Wolfert MA, Cohen PA, Gendler SJ, Boons GJ. Immune and anticancer responses elicited by fully synthetic aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 tripartite vaccines modified by a TLR2 or TLR9 agonist. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1508-13. [PMID: 24890740 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mucin MUC1 is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated by many epithelial cancer cells manifested by truncated O-linked saccharides. Although tumor-associated MUC1 has generated considerable attention because of its potential for the development of a therapeutic cancer vaccine, it has been difficult to design constructs that consistently induce cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and ADCC-mediating antibodies specific for the tumor form of MUC1. We have designed, chemically synthesized, and immunologically examined vaccine candidates each composed of a glycopeptide derived from MUC1, a promiscuous Thelper peptide, and a TLR2 (Pam3 CysSK4 ) or TLR9 (CpG-ODN 1826) agonist. It was found that the Pam3 CysSK4 -containing compound elicits more potent antigenic and cellular immune responses, resulting in a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of mammary cancer. It is thus shown, for the first time, that the nature of an inbuilt adjuvant of a tripartite vaccine can significantly impact the quality of immune responses elicited against a tumor-associated glycopeptide. The unique adjuvant properties of Pam3 CysSK4 , which can reduce the suppressive function of regulatory T cells and enhance the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific CTLs, are likely responsible for the superior properties of the vaccine candidate 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Baker M Abdel-Aal
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
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294
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Wang D. Glyco-epitope Diversity: An Evolving Area of Glycomics Research and Biomarker Discovery. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2014; 7:23539. [PMID: 25378871 PMCID: PMC4219575 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.10000e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denong Wang
- Tumor Glycomics Laboratory, SRI International Biosciences Division, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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295
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Arraying the post-translational glycoproteome (PTG). Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 18:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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296
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Dalziel M, Crispin M, Scanlan CN, Zitzmann N, Dwek RA. Emerging principles for the therapeutic exploitation of glycosylation. Science 2014; 343:1235681. [PMID: 24385630 DOI: 10.1126/science.1235681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a key role in a wide range of biological processes. Specific modification to a glycan's structure can directly modulate its biological function. Glycans are not only essential to glycoprotein folding, cellular homeostasis, and immune regulation but are involved in multiple disease conditions. An increased molecular and structural understanding of the mechanistic role that glycans play in these pathological processes has driven the development of therapeutics and illuminated novel targets for drug design. This knowledge has enabled the treatment of metabolic disorders and the development of antivirals and shaped cancer and viral vaccine strategies. Furthermore, an understanding of glycosylation has led to the development of specific drug glycoforms, for example, monoclonal antibodies, with enhanced potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dalziel
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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297
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Matsushita T, Takada W, Igarashi K, Naruchi K, Miyoshi R, Garcia-Martin F, Amano M, Hinou H, Nishimura SI. A straightforward protocol for the preparation of high performance microarray displaying synthetic MUC1 glycopeptides. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1105-16. [PMID: 24246952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human serum MUC1 peptide fragments bearing aberrant O-glycans are secreted from columnar epithelial cell surfaces and known as clinically important serum biomarkers for the epithelial carcinoma when a specific monoclonal antibody can probe disease-relevant epitopes. Despite the growing importance of MUC1 glycopeptides as biomarkers, the precise epitopes of most anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies remains unclear. METHODS A novel protocol for the fabrication of versatile microarray displaying peptide/glycopeptide library was investigated for the construction of highly sensitive and accurate epitope mapping assay of various anti-MUC1 antibodies. RESULTS Selective imine-coupling between aminooxy-functionalized methacrylic copolymer with phosphorylcholine unit and synthetic MUC1 glycopeptides-capped by a ketone linker at N-terminus provided a facile and seamless protocol for the preparation of glycopeptides microarray platform. It was demonstrated that anti-KL-6 monoclonal antibody shows an extremely specific and strong binding affinity toward MUC1 fragments carrying sialyl T antigen (Neu5Acα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAcα1→) at Pro-Asp-Thr-Arg motif when compared with other seven anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies such as VU-3D1, VU-12E1, VU-11E2, Ma552, VU-3C6, SM3, and DF3. The present microarray also uncovered the occurrence of IgG autoantibodies in healthy human sera that bind specifically with sialyl T antigen attached at five potential O-glycosylation sites of MUC1 tandem repeats. CONCLUSION We established a straightforward strategy toward the standardized microarray platform allowing highly sensitive and accurate epitope mapping analysis by reducing the background noise due to nonspecific protein adsorption. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present approach would greatly accelerate the discovery research of new class autoantibodies as well as the development of therapeutic mAbs reacting specifically with disease-relevant epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Matsushita
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N22, W11 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentaro Naruchi
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co. Ltd., N22, W12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Risho Miyoshi
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co. Ltd., N22, W12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Fayna Garcia-Martin
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N22, W11 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Maho Amano
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N22, W11 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co. Ltd., N22, W12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N22, W11 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co. Ltd., N22, W12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N22, W11 Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co. Ltd., N22, W12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
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298
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Rughetti A, Rahimi H, Belleudi F, Napoletano C, Battisti F, Zizzari IG, Antonilli M, Bellati F, Wandall HH, Benedetti Panici P, Burchell JM, Torrisi MR, Nuti M. Microvesicle cargo of tumor-associated MUC1 to dendritic cells allows cross-presentation and specific carbohydrate processing. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 2:177-86. [PMID: 24778281 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0112-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated glycoproteins are a group of antigens with high immunogenic interest: The glycoforms generated by the aberrant glycosylation are tumor-specific and the novel glycoepitopes exposed can be targets of tumor-specific immune responses. The MUC1 antigen is one of the most relevant tumor-associated glycoproteins. In cancer, MUC1 loses polarity and becomes overexpressed and hypoglycosylated. Changes in glycan moieties contribute to MUC1 immunogenicity and can modify the interactions of tumor cells with antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells that would affect the overall antitumor immune response. Here, we show that the form of the MUC1 antigen, i.e., soluble or as microvesicle cargo, influences MUC1 processing in dendritic cells. In fact, MUC1 carried by microvesicles translocates from the endolysosomal/HLA-II to the HLA-I compartment and is presented by dendritic cells to MUC1-specific CD8(+) T cells stimulating IFN-γ responses, whereas the soluble MUC1 is retained in the endolysosomal/HLA-II compartment independently by the glycan moieties and by the modality of internalization (receptor-mediated or non-receptor mediated). MUC1 translocation to the HLA-I compartment is accompanied by deglycosylation that generates novel MUC1 glycoepitopes. Microvesicle-mediated transfer of tumor-associated glycoproteins to dendritic cells may be a relevant biologic mechanism in vivo contributing to define the type of immunogenicity elicited. Furthermore, these results have important implications for the design of glycoprotein-based immunogens for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Rughetti
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Research Oncology, King's College of London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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299
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Ruhaak LR, Nguyen UT, Stroble C, Taylor SL, Taguchi A, Hanash SM, Lebrilla CB, Kim K, Miyamoto S. Enrichment strategies in glycomics-based lung cancer biomarker development. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:664-76. [PMID: 23640812 PMCID: PMC3884000 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a need to identify better glycan biomarkers for diagnosis, early detection, and treatment monitoring in lung cancer using biofluids such as blood. Biofluids are complex mixtures of proteins dominated by a few high abundance proteins that may not have specificity for lung cancer. Therefore, two methods for protein enrichment were evaluated; affinity capturing of IgG and enrichment of medium abundance proteins, thus allowing us to determine which method yields the best candidate glycan biomarkers for lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN N-glycans isolated from plasma samples from 20 cases of lung adenocarcinoma and 20 matched controls were analyzed using nLC-PGC-chip-TOF-MS (where PGC is porous-graphitized carbon). N-glycan profiles were obtained for five different fractions: total plasma, isolated IgG, IgG-depleted plasma, and the bound and flow-through fractions of protein enrichment. RESULTS Four glycans differed significantly (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05) between cases and controls in whole unfractionated plasma, while four other glycans differed significantly by cancer status in the IgG fraction. No significant glycan differences were observed in the other fractions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results confirm that the N-glycan profile in plasma of lung cancer patients is different from healthy controls and appears to be dominated by alterations in relatively abundant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Uyen Thao Nguyen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol Stroble
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention - Research, Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne Miyamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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300
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Humoral immune response against tumoral mucin 1 (MUC1) in breast cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 2013; 28:318-25. [PMID: 23828406 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the IgG humoral immune response to breast cancer cells is directed to the aberrant mucin-1 (MUC1) associated to this type of cancer. To this aim, an adaptation of immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on samples of 45 breast cancer tissues, 12 benign disease tissues, and 31 normal tissues, incubated with matched serum samples from the same patients. Each serum sample was also incubated, with a modified immunocytochemistry (ICC), with MCF7 cells. In both techniques, serum was employed instead of the primary antibody. In the case of IHC, the reactivity with sera diminished when added after previous incubation of the tumor/tissue with an anti-MUC1 mAb; the reduction in reactivity was: from 93% to 44% in breast cancer tissues, and from 100% to 67% in benign disease tissues. The reactivity of normal samples (36%) remained unchanged. In the case of ICC, the reactivity with sera decreased after incubation with anti-MUC1 mAb from 71% to 16% in breast cancer tissues, from 83% to 0% in benign disease tissues, and from 52% to 10% in normal serum samples. These results were confirmed employing siRNA MUC1 transient gene knockdown. By Western blot analysis -
after immunoprecipitation (IP) of the circulating MUC1- and ELISA, the TF antigen was detected in circulating MUC1 in all breast cancer and benign samples while Tn was detected in 38% of the samples.
The existence of IgG autoantibodies against aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 may have a protective role and may contribute to a better prognosis in some patients. Enhancement of this natural immune response may constitute an alternative therapeutic strategy.
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