251
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Wright AE, Darolti I, Bloch NI, Oostra V, Sandkam B, Buechel SD, Kolm N, Breden F, Vicoso B, Mank JE. Convergent recombination suppression suggests role of sexual selection in guppy sex chromosome formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14251. [PMID: 28139647 PMCID: PMC5290318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict. Here we test this model using whole genome and transcriptome resequencing data in the guppy, a model for sexual selection with many Y-linked colour traits. We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage group, there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity. Using replicate wild populations with differing levels of sexually antagonistic selection for colour, we also show that sexual selection leads to greater expansion of the non-recombining region and increased Y chromosome divergence. These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Wright
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vicencio Oostra
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ben Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Severine D. Buechel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Beatriz Vicoso
- Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus 1A, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Judith E. Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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252
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XU W, CHEN S. Genomics and genetic breeding in aquatic animals: progress and prospects. FRONTIERS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017; 4:305. [DOI: 10.15302/j-fase-2017154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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253
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Baroiller JF, D'Cotta H. The Reversible Sex of Gonochoristic Fish: Insights and Consequences. Sex Dev 2016; 10:242-266. [PMID: 27907925 DOI: 10.1159/000452362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish sex reversal is a means to understand sex determination and differentiation, but it is also used to control sex in aquaculture. This review discusses sex reversal in gonochoristic fish, with the coexistence of genetic and environmental influences. The different periods of fish sensitivity to sex reversal treatments are presented with the mechanisms implicated. The old players of sex differentiation are revisited with transcriptome data and loss of function studies following hormone- or temperature-induced sex reversal. We also discuss whether cortisol is the universal mediator of sex reversal in fish due to its implication in ovarian meiosis and 11KT increase. The large plasticity in fish for sex reversal is also evident in the brain, with a reversibility existing even in adulthood. Studies on epigenetics are presented, since it links the environment, gene expression, and sex reversal, notably the association of DNA methylation in sex reversal. Manipulations with exogenous factors reverse the primary sex in many fish species under controlled conditions, but several questions arise on whether this can occur under wild conditions and what is the ecological significance. Cases of sex reversal in wild fish populations are shown and their fitness and future perspectives are discussed.
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254
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Yu H, Du X, Zhang Q, Wang X, He Y. Transcriptome analysis of the gonads of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1581-1594. [PMID: 27704311 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important cultured marine fish in China, Korea, and Japan. Controlling and managing the breeding of olive flounder in captivity is an imperative step toward obtaining a sustainable supply of this fish in aquaculture production systems. Therefore, investigation on the molecular regulatory mechanism of gonadal development and gametogenesis in this species is of great significance in aquaculture. Furthermore, identification of the expression profile of numerous sex-related genes is the first step to primarily understand such molecular regulatory mechanism. Six female and six male gonads obtained from 2-year-old olive flounders were sequenced using Illumina, which produced 6.68 and 6.24 GB data for ovary and testis, respectively. The reads were mapped to the draft genome of olive flounder, and then the reads per kilobase per million (FPKM) for each gene were calculated. The female-/male-biased expressed genes were investigated based on the FPKM values. Overall, 3086 female-biased and 5048 male-biased genes were screened out. GO enrichment analysis showed that the GO terms "male meiosis," "gamete generation," "fertilization," "spermatogenesis," and "germ plasma" were enriched in male-biased genes. In addition, the GO terms "cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation," "embryonic morphogenesis," "plasma membrane," "steroid hormone receptor activity," and "aromatase activity" were enriched in female-biased genes. Moreover, 373,369 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 32,993 indels were identified in the transcriptome. This work is the largest collection of gonad transcriptome data for olive flounder and provides an extensive resource for future gonadal development and gametogenesis molecular biology studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuezhong Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yan He
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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255
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Matsuda M, Sakaizumi M. Evolution of the sex-determining gene in the teleostean genus Oryzias. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:80-88. [PMID: 26449160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the genetic sex determination of vertebrates, the gonadal sex depends on the combination of sex chromosomes that a zygote possesses. Despite the discovery of the sex-determining gene (SRY/Sry) in mammals in 1990s, the sex-determining gene in non-mammalian vertebrates remained an enigma for over a decade. In most mammals, the male-inducing master sex-determining gene is located on the Y chromosome and is therefore absent from XX females. A second sex-determining gene, Dmy, was described in the Oryzias latipes in 2002 and has a DNA-binding motif that is different from the motif in the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY or Sry. Dmy is also located on the Y chromosome and is therefore absent in XX females. Seven other sex-determining genes, including candidate genes, are now known in birds, a frog species, and 5 fish species. These findings over the past twenty years have increased our knowledge of sex-determining genes and sex chromosomes among vertebrates. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of sex-determining genes and genetic sex determination systems in fish, especially those of the Oryzias species, which are described in detail. The facts suggest some patterns of how new sex-determining genes emerged and evolved. We believe that these facts are common not only in Oryzias but also in other fish species. This knowledge will help to elucidate the conserved mechanisms from which various sex-determining mechanisms have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Matsuda
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Sakaizumi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
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256
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Böhne A, Wilson CA, Postlethwait JH, Salzburger W. Variations on a theme: Genomics of sex determination in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:883. [PMID: 27821061 PMCID: PMC5100337 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex chromosomes change more frequently in fish than in mammals or birds. However, certain chromosomes or genes are repeatedly used as sex determinants in different members of the teleostean lineage. East African cichlids are an enigmatic model system in evolutionary biology representing some of the most diverse extant vertebrate adaptive radiations. How sex is determined and if different sex-determining mechanisms contribute to speciation is unknown for almost all of the over 1,500 cichlid species of the Great Lakes. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of sex determination in a cichlid from Lake Tanganyika, Astatotilapia burtoni, a member of the most species-rich cichlid lineage, the haplochromines. Results We used RAD-sequencing of crosses for two populations of A. burtoni, a lab strain and fish caught at the south of Lake Tanganyika. Using association mapping and comparative genomics, we confirmed male heterogamety in A. burtoni and identified different sex chromosomes (LG5 and LG18) in the two populations of the same species. LG5, the sex chromosome of the lab strain, is a fusion chromosome in A. burtoni. Wnt4 is located on this chromosome, representing the best candidate identified so far for the master sex-determining gene in our lab strain of A. burtoni. Conclusions Cichlids exemplify the high turnover rate of sex chromosomes in fish with two different chromosomes, LG5 and LG18, containing major sex-determining loci in the two populations of A. burtoni examined here. However, they also illustrate that particular chromosomes are more likely to be used as sex chromosomes. Chromosome 5 is such a chromosome, which has evolved several times as a sex chromosome, both in haplochromine cichlids from all Great Lakes and also in other teleost fishes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3178-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Böhne
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
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257
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Roberts NB, Juntti SA, Coyle KP, Dumont BL, Stanley MK, Ryan AQ, Fernald RD, Roberts RB. Polygenic sex determination in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:835. [PMID: 27784286 PMCID: PMC5080751 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The East African riverine cichlid species Astatotilapia burtoni serves as an important laboratory model for sexually dimorphic physiology and behavior, and also serves as an outgroup species for the explosive adaptive radiations of cichlid species in Lake Malawi and Lake Victoria. An astounding diversity of genetic sex determination systems have been revealed within the adaptive radiation of East African cichlids thus far, including polygenic sex determination systems involving the epistatic interaction of multiple, independently segregating sex determination alleles. However, sex determination has remained unmapped in A. burtoni. Here we present mapping results supporting the presence of multiple, novel sex determination alleles, and thus the presence of polygenic sex determination in A. burtoni. RESULTS Using mapping in small families in conjunction with restriction-site associated DNA sequencing strategies, we identify associations with sex at loci on linkage group 13 and linkage group 5-14. Inheritance patterns support an XY sex determination system on linkage group 5-14 (a chromosome fusion relative to other cichlids studied), and an XYW system on linkage group 13, and these associations are replicated in multiple families. Additionally, combining our genetic data with comparative genomic analysis identifies another fusion that is unassociated with sex, with linkage group 8-24 and linkage group 16-21 fused in A. burtoni relative to other East African cichlid species. CONCLUSIONS We identify genetic signals supporting the presence of three previously unidentified sex determination alleles at two loci in the species A. burtoni, strongly supporting the presence of polygenic sex determination system in the species. These results provide a foundation for future mapping of multiple sex determination genes and their interactions. A better understanding of sex determination in A. burtoni provides important context for their use in behavioral studies, as well as studies of the evolution of genetic sex determination and sexual conflicts in East African cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B. Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Scott A. Juntti
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kaitlin P. Coyle
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Bethany L. Dumont
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - M. Kaitlyn Stanley
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Allyson Q. Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | | | - Reade B. Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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258
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Gammerdinger WJ, Conte MA, Baroiller JF, D'Cotta H, Kocher TD. Comparative analysis of a sex chromosome from the blackchin tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:808. [PMID: 27756226 PMCID: PMC5070092 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inversions and other structural polymorphisms often reduce the rate of recombination between sex chromosomes, making it impossible to fine map sex-determination loci using traditional genetic mapping techniques. Here we compare distantly related species of tilapia that each segregate an XY system of sex-determination on linkage group 1. We use whole genome sequencing to identify shared sex-patterned polymorphisms, which are candidates for the ancestral sex-determination mutation. RESULTS We found that Sarotherodon melanotheron segregates an XY system on LG1 in the same region identified in Oreochromis niloticus. Both species have higher densities of sex-patterned SNPs, as well as elevated number of ancestral copy number variants in this region when compared to the rest of the genome, but the pattern of differentiation along LG1 differs between species. The number of sex-patterned SNPs shared by the two species is small, but larger than expected by chance, suggesting that a novel Y-chromosome arose just before the divergence of the two species. We identified a shared sex-patterned SNP that alters a Gata4 binding site near Wilms tumor protein that might be responsible for sex-determination. CONCLUSIONS Shared sex-patterned SNPs, insertions and deletions suggest an ancestral sex-determination system that is common to both S. melanotheron and O. niloticus. Functional analyses are needed to evaluate shared SNPs near candidate genes that might play a role in sex-determination of these species. Interspecific variation in the sex chromosomes of tilapia species provides an excellent model system for understanding the evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew A Conte
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas D Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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259
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Abstract
Egg or sperm? The mechanism of sexual fate decision in germ cells has been a long‐standing issue in biology. A recent analysis identified foxl3 as a gene that determines the sexual fate decision of germ cells in the teleost fish, medaka. foxl3/Foxl3 acts in female germline stem cells to repress commitment into male fate (spermatogenesis), indicating that the presence of mitotic germ cells in the female is critical for continuous sexual fate decision of germ cells in medaka gonads. Interestingly, foxl3 is found in most vertebrate genomes except for mammals. This provides the interesting possibility that the sexual fate of germ cells in mammals is determined in a different way compared to foxl3‐possessing vertebrates. Considering the fact that germline stem cells are the cells where foxl3 begins to express and sexual fate decision initiates and mammalian ovary does not have typical germline stem cells, the mechanism in mammals may have been co‐evolved with germline stem cell loss in mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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260
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Dor L, Shirak A, Rosenfeld H, Ashkenazi IM, Band MR, Korol A, Ronin Y, Seroussi E, Weller JI, Ron M. Identification of the sex-determining region in flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Anim Genet 2016; 47:698-707. [PMID: 27611243 DOI: 10.1111/age.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the sex-determination mechanism in flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is required to exploit its economic potential by production of genetically determined monosex populations and application of hormonal treatment to parents rather than to the marketed progeny. Our objective was to construct a first-generation linkage map of the M. cephalus in order to identify the sex-determining region and sex-determination system. Deep-sequencing data of a single male was assembled and aligned to the genome of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total 245 M. cephalus microsatellite markers were designed, spanning the syntenic tilapia genome assembly at intervals of 10 Mb. In the mapping family of full-sib progeny, 156 segregating markers were used to construct a first-generation linkage map of 24 linkage groups (LGs), corresponding to the number of chromosomes. The linkage map spanned approximately 1200 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 10.6 cM. Markers segregating on LG9 in two independent mapping families showed nearly complete concordance with gender (R2 = 0.95). The sex determining locus was fine mapped within an interval of 8.6 cM on LG9. The sex of offspring was determined only by the alleles transmitted from the father, thus indicating an XY sex-determination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dor
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.,Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - A Shirak
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - H Rosenfeld
- National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Eilat, 88112, Israel
| | - I M Ashkenazi
- National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Eilat, 88112, Israel
| | - M R Band
- The Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - A Korol
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Evolution, University Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Y Ronin
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Evolution, University Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - E Seroussi
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - J I Weller
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - M Ron
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.
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261
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Chalopin D, Volff JN, Galiana D, Anderson JL, Schartl M. Transposable elements and early evolution of sex chromosomes in fish. Chromosome Res 2016; 23:545-60. [PMID: 26429387 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In many organisms, the sex chromosome pair can be recognized due to heteromorphy; the Y and W chromosomes have often lost many genes due to the absence of recombination during meiosis and are frequently heterochromatic. Repetitive sequences are found at a high proportion on such heterochromatic sex chromosomes and the evolution and emergence of sex chromosomes has been connected to the dynamics of repeats and transposable elements. With an amazing plasticity of sex determination mechanisms and numerous instances of independent emergence of novel sex chromosomes, fish represent an excellent lineage to investigate the early stages of sex chromosome differentiation, where sex chromosomes often are homomorphic and not heterochromatic. We have analyzed the composition, distribution, and relative age of TEs from available sex chromosome sequences of seven teleost fish. We observed recent bursts of TEs and simple repeat accumulations around young sex determination loci. More strikingly, we detected transposable element (TE) amplifications not only on the sex determination regions of the Y and W sex chromosomes, but also on the corresponding regions of the X and Z chromosomes. In one species, we also clearly demonstrated that the observed TE-rich sex determination locus originated from a TE-poor genomic region, strengthening the link between TE accumulation and emergence of the sex determination locus. Altogether, our results highlight the role of TEs in the initial steps of differentiation and evolution of sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Chalopin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jean-Nicolas Volff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Galiana
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics (UR1037), Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.,Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Wuerzburg, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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262
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Genomic characterization of the Atlantic cod sex-locus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31235. [PMID: 27499266 PMCID: PMC4976360 DOI: 10.1038/srep31235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of sex determination mechanisms can be observed in evolutionary divergent teleosts. Sex determination is genetic in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), however the genomic location or size of its sex-locus is unknown. Here, we characterize the sex-locus of Atlantic cod using whole genome sequence (WGS) data of 227 wild-caught specimens. Analyzing more than 55 million polymorphic loci, we identify 166 loci that are associated with sex. These loci are located in six distinct regions on five different linkage groups (LG) in the genome. The largest of these regions, an approximately 55 Kb region on LG11, contains the majority of genotypes that segregate closely according to a XX-XY system. Genotypes in this region can be used genetically determine sex, whereas those in the other regions are inconsistently sex-linked. The identified region on LG11 and its surrounding genes have no clear sequence homology with genes or regulatory elements associated with sex-determination or differentiation in other species. The functionality of this sex-locus therefore remains unknown. The WGS strategy used here proved adequate for detecting the small regions associated with sex in this species. Our results highlight the evolutionary flexibility in genomic architecture underlying teleost sex-determination and allow practical applications to genetically sex Atlantic cod.
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263
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Tsutsui S, Yoshinaga T, Komiya K, Yamashita H, Nakamura O. Differential expression of skin mucus C-type lectin in two freshwater eel species, Anguilla marmorata and Anguilla japonica. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:154-60. [PMID: 27026508 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two types of lactose-specific lectins, galectin (AJL-1) and C-type lectin (AJL-2), were previously identified in the mucus of adult Anguilla japonica. Here, we compared the expression profiles of these two homologous lectins at the adult and juvenile stages between the tropical eel Anguilla marmorata and the temperate eel A. japonica. Only one lectin, predicted to be an orthologue of AJL-1 by LC-MS/MS, was detected in the mucus of adult A. marmorata. We also found that an orthologous gene to AJL-2 was expressed at very low levels, or not at all, in the skin of adult A. marmorata. However, we detected the gene expression of an AJL-2-orthologue in the skin of juvenile A. marmorata, and a specific antibody also detected the lectin in the juvenile fish epidermis. These findings suggest that expression profiles of mucosal lectins vary during development as well as between species in the Anguilla genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tsutsui
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Tatsuki Yoshinaga
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kaoru Komiya
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroka Yamashita
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakamura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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264
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Wright AE, Dean R, Zimmer F, Mank JE. How to make a sex chromosome. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12087. [PMID: 27373494 PMCID: PMC4932193 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes can evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. Owing to detailed studies using key model systems, we have a nuanced understanding and a rich review literature of what happens to sex chromosomes once recombination is arrested. However, three broad questions remain unanswered. First, why do sex chromosomes stop recombining in the first place? Second, how is recombination halted? Finally, why does the spread of recombination suppression, and therefore the rate of sex chromosome divergence, vary so substantially across clades? In this review, we consider each of these three questions in turn to address fundamental questions in the field, summarize our current understanding, and highlight important areas for future work. Sex chromosome evolution begins when recombination between a homologous pair of chromosomes is halted. Here, Wright et al. review our current understanding of the causes and mechanisms of recombination suppression between incipient sex chromosomes and suggest future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Wright
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Rebecca Dean
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Fabian Zimmer
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Judith E. Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
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265
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Zeng Q, Liu S, Yao J, Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Jiang C, Chen A, Fu Q, Su B, Dunham R, Liu Z. Transcriptome Display During Testicular Differentiation of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) as Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:19. [PMID: 27307075 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.138818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) has been recognized as a dominant freshwater aquaculture species in the United States. It is also a suitable model for studying the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation because of its sexual plasticity and exhibition of both genetic and environmental sex determination. The testicular differentiation in male channel catfish normally starts between 90 and 102 days postfertilization (dpf), while the ovarian differentiation starts early from 19 dpf. As such, efforts to better understand the postponed testicular development at the molecular level are needed. Toward that end, we conducted transcriptomic comparison of gene expression of male and female gonads at 90, 100, and 110 dpf using high-throughput RNA-Seq. Transcriptomic profiles of male gonads on 90 and 100 dpf exhibited high similarities except for a small number of significantly up-regulated genes that were involved in development of germ cell-supporting somatic cells, while drastic changes were observed during 100-110 dpf, with a group of highly up-regulated genes that were involved in germ cells development, including nanog and pou5f1 Transcriptomic comparison between testes and ovaries identified male-preferential genes, such as gsdf, cxcl12, as well as other cytokines mediated the development of the gonad into a testis. Co-expression analysis revealed highly correlated genes and potential pathways underlying germ cell differentiation and spermatogonia stem cell development. The candidate genes and pathways identified in this study set the foundation for further studies on sex determination and differentiation in catfish as well as other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Zihao Yuan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ailu Chen
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Baofeng Su
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Rex Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn, Alabama
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266
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Casane D, Rétaux S. Evolutionary Genetics of the Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2016; 95:117-59. [PMID: 27503356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Blind and depigmented fish belonging to the species Astyanax mexicanus are outstanding models for evolutionary genetics. During their evolution in the darkness of caves, they have undergone a number of changes at the morphological, physiological, and behavioral levels, but they can still breed with their river-dwelling conspecifics. The fertile hybrids between these two morphotypes allow forward genetic approaches, from the search of quantitative trait loci to the identification of the mutations underlying the evolution of troglomorphism. We review here the past 30years of evolutionary genetics on Astyanax: from the first crosses and the discovery of convergent evolution of different Astyanax cavefish populations to the most recent evolutionary transcriptomics and genomics studies that have provided researchers with potential candidate genes to be tested using functional genetic approaches. Although significant progress has been made and some genes have been identified, cavefish have not yet fully revealed the secret of their adaptation to the absence of light. In particular, the genetic determinism of their loss of eyes seems complex and still puzzles researchers. We also discuss future research directions, including searches for the origin of cave alleles and searches for selection genome-wide, as well as the necessary but missing information on the timing of cave colonization by surface fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Casane
- Laboratory EGCE, CNRS and University of Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - S Rétaux
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS and University Paris-Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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267
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Pan Q, Anderson J, Bertho S, Herpin A, Wilson C, Postlethwait JH, Schartl M, Guiguen Y. Vertebrate sex-determining genes play musical chairs. C R Biol 2016; 339:258-62. [PMID: 27291506 PMCID: PMC5393452 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is one of the most highly conserved processes in evolution. However, the genetic and cellular mechanisms making the decision of whether the undifferentiated gonad of animal embryos develops either towards male or female are manifold and quite diverse. In vertebrates, sex-determining mechanisms range from environmental to simple or complex genetic mechanisms and different mechanisms have evolved repeatedly and independently. In species with simple genetic sex-determination, master sex-determining genes lying on sex chromosomes drive the gonadal differentiation process by switching on a developmental program, which ultimately leads to testicular or ovarian differentiation. So far, very few sex-determining genes have been identified in vertebrates and apart from mammals and birds, these genes are apparently not conserved over a larger number of related orders, families, genera, or even species. To fill this knowledge gap and to better explore genetic sex-determination, we propose a strategy (RAD-Sex) that makes use of next-generation sequencing technology to identify genetic markers that define sex-specific segments of the male or female genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Pan
- Inra, Fish Physiology and Genomics Laboratory, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | - Sylvain Bertho
- Inra, Fish Physiology and Genomics Laboratory, 35042 Rennes, France; University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amaury Herpin
- Inra, Fish Physiology and Genomics Laboratory, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Wilson
- University of Oregon, Institute of Neuroscience, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - Manfred Schartl
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Texas Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Yann Guiguen
- Inra, Fish Physiology and Genomics Laboratory, 35042 Rennes, France.
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268
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Zheng Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Bing X, Gao Z, Liang H, Wang Z. Molecular mechanism of endocrine system impairment by 17α-methyltestosterone in gynogenic Pengze crucian carp offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:143-152. [PMID: 26938152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of synthetic androgen 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) on endocrine impairment were examined in crucian carp. Immature 7-month old mono-female Pengze crucian carp (Pcc) F2 offspring were exposed to 50 and 100 μg/L of MT (week 2, 4, and 8). Gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intestine weight altered considerably and oocyte development was repressed. In the treatment groups, ovarian 11-ketotestosterone decreased, whereas 17β-estradiol and testosterone increased, and ovarian aromatase activities increased at week 4. However, in the brain tissue, those values significantly decreased. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated changes in steroid receptor genes and upregulation of steroidogenic genes (Pcc-3bhsd, Pcc-11bhsd2 Pcc-cyp11a1), while the other three steroidogenic genes (Pcc-cyp17a1, Pcc-cyp19a1a and Pcc-star) decreased from week 4 to week 8. Ovarian, hepatic Pcc-vtg B and vitellogenin concentration increased in both 50 and 100 μg/L of MT exposure groups. This study adds further information regarding the effects of androgens on the development of previtellogenic oocytes, which suggests that MT could directly target estrogen signaling pathway, or indirectly affect steroidogenesis and vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, HZAU, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuwen Bing
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zexia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, HZAU, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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269
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Rocha A, Zanuy S, Gómez A. Conserved Anti-Müllerian Hormone: Anti-Müllerian Hormone Type-2 Receptor Specific Interaction and Intracellular Signaling in Teleosts. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:141. [PMID: 27226310 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.137547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher vertebrates, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is required for Müllerian duct regression in fetal males. AMH is also produced during postnatal life in both sexes regulating steroidogenesis and early stages of folliculogenesis. Teleosts lack Müllerian ducts, but Amh has been identified in several species including European sea bass. However, information on Amh type-2 receptor (Amhr2), the specific receptor for Amh binding, is restricted to a couple of fish species. Here, we report on cloning sea bass amhr2, the production of a recombinant sea bass Amh, and the functional analysis of this ligand-receptor couple. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sea bass amhr2 segregates with Amhr2 from other vertebrates. This piscine receptor is capable of activating Smad proteins. Antibodies raised against sea bass Amh were used to study native and recombinant Amh, revealing proteins in the range of 66-70 kDa corresponding to the full length Amh. Once proteolytically treated, recombinant sea bass Amh generates a 12 kDa C-terminal mature protein, suggesting that contrary to what has been described for other fish Amh proteins, this protein is processed in a similar way as mammalian AMH. The mature sea bass Amh is a biologically active protein able to bind sea bass Amhr2 and, surprisingly, also human AMHR2. In prepubertal sea bass testes, Amh was detected by immunohistochemistry mostly in Sertoli cells surrounding early germ-cell generations. During spermatogenesis, a weaker staining signal could be observed in Sertoli cells surrounding spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rocha
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Silvia Zanuy
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
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270
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Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in tilapia gonads at an early stage of sex differentiation. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:328. [PMID: 27142172 PMCID: PMC4855716 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a second regulatory network that has important effects on gene expression and protein translation during biological process. However, the possible role of miRNAs in the early stages of fish sex differentiation is not well understood. In this study, we carried an integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles to explore their possibly regulatory patterns at the critical stage of sex differentiation in tilapia. Results We identified 279 pre-miRNA genes in tilapia genome, which were highly conserved in other fish species. Based on small RNA library sequencing, we identified 635 mature miRNAs in tilapia gonads, in which 62 and 49 miRNAs showed higher expression in XX and XY gonads, respectively. The predicted targets of these sex-biased miRNAs (e.g., miR-9, miR-21, miR-30a, miR-96, miR-200b, miR-212 and miR-7977) included genes encoding key enzymes in steroidogenic pathways (Cyp11a1, Hsd3b, Cyp19a1a, Hsd11b) and key molecules involved in vertebrate sex differentiation (Foxl2, Amh, Star1, Sf1, Dmrt1, and Gsdf). These genes also showed sex-biased expression in tilapia gonads at 5 dah. Some miRNAs (e.g., miR-96 and miR-737) targeted multiple genes involved in steroid synthesis, suggesting a complex miRNA regulatory network during early sex differentiation in this fish. Conclusions The sequence and expression patterns of most miRNAs in tilapia are conserved in fishes, indicating the basic functions of vertebrate miRNAs might share a common evolutionary origin. This comprehensive analysis of miRNA and mRNA at the early stage of molecular sex differentiation in tilapia XX and XY gonads lead to the discovery of differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative targets, which will facilitate studies of the regulatory network of molecular sex determination and differentiation in fishes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2636-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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271
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Schroeder AL, Metzger KJ, Miller A, Rhen T. A Novel Candidate Gene for Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination in the Common Snapping Turtle. Genetics 2016; 203:557-71. [PMID: 26936926 PMCID: PMC4858799 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.182840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) was described nearly 50 years ago. Researchers have since identified many genes that display differential expression at male- vs. female-producing temperatures. Yet, it is unclear whether these genes (1) are involved in sex determination per se, (2) are downstream effectors involved in differentiation of ovaries and testes, or (3) are thermo-sensitive but unrelated to gonad development. Here we present multiple lines of evidence linking CIRBP to sex determination in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina We demonstrate significant associations between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (c63A > C) in CIRBP, transcript levels in embryonic gonads during specification of gonad fate, and sex in hatchlings from a thermal regime that produces mixed sex ratios. The A allele was induced in embryos exposed to a female-producing temperature, while expression of the C allele did not differ between female- and male-producing temperatures. In accord with this pattern of temperature-dependent, allele-specific expression, AA homozygotes were more likely to develop ovaries than AC heterozygotes, which, in turn, were more likely to develop ovaries than CC homozygotes. Multiple regression using SNPs in CIRBP and adjacent loci suggests that c63A > C may be the causal variant or closely linked to it. Differences in CIRBP allele frequencies among turtles from northern Minnesota, southern Minnesota, and Texas reflect small and large-scale latitudinal differences in TSD pattern. Finally, analysis of CIRBP protein localization reveals that CIRBP is in a position to mediate temperature effects on the developing gonads. Together, these studies strongly suggest that CIRBP is involved in determining the fate of the bipotential gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Schroeder
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Kelsey J Metzger
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota 55904
| | - Alexandra Miller
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Turk Rhen
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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272
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Jiang DN, Yang HH, Li MH, Shi HJ, Zhang XB, Wang DS. gsdf
is a downstream gene of dmrt1
that functions in the male sex determination pathway of the Nile tilapia. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:497-508. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Neng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education); Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education); Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education); Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing China
| | - Hong-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education); Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing China
| | - Xian-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education); Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing China
| | - De-Shou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education); Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Beibei Chongqing China
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273
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Rodrigues N, Vuille Y, Brelsford A, Merilä J, Perrin N. The genetic contribution to sex determination and number of sex chromosomes vary among populations of common frogs (Rana temporaria). Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:25-32. [PMID: 27071845 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns of sex determination and sex differentiation have been shown to differ among geographic populations of common frogs. Notably, the association between phenotypic sex and linkage group 2 (LG2) has been found to be perfect in a northern Swedish population, but weak and variable among families in a southern one. By analyzing these populations with markers from other linkage groups, we bring two new insights: (1) the variance in phenotypic sex not accounted for by LG2 in the southern population could not be assigned to genetic factors on other linkage groups, suggesting an epigenetic component to sex determination; (2) a second linkage group (LG7) was found to co-segregate with sex and LG2 in the northern population. Given the very short timeframe since post-glacial colonization (in the order of 1000 generations) and its seemingly localized distribution, this neo-sex chromosome system might be the youngest one described so far. It does not result from a fusion, but more likely from a reciprocal translocation between the original Y chromosome (LG2) and an autosome (LG7), causing their co-segregation during male meiosis. By generating a strict linkage between several important genes from the sex-determination cascade (Dmrt1, Amh and Amhr2), this neo-sex chromosome possibly contributes to the 'differentiated sex race' syndrome (strictly genetic sex determination and early gonadal development) that characterizes this northern population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rodrigues
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Vuille
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Perrin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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274
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Bhat IA, Rather MA, Saha R, Pathakota GB, Pavan-Kumar A, Sharma R. Expression analysis of Sox9 genes during annual reproductive cycles in gonads and after nanodelivery of LHRH in Clarias batrachus. Res Vet Sci 2016; 106:100-6. [PMID: 27234545 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor Sox9 plays a crucial role in determining the fate of several cell types and is a primary factor in regulation of gonadal development. Present study reports full-length cDNA sequence of Sox9a gene and partial coding sequence (cds) of Sox9b (two duplicate orthologs of Sox9 gene) from Clarias batrachus. The coding region of Sox9a gene encoded a peptide of 460 amino acids. The partial cds of Sox9b with the length of 558bp was amplified that codes for 186 amino acids. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that Sox9a and Sox9b mRNA expression was significantly higher in gonads and brain tissues. Furthermore Sox9a and Sox9b mRNA expression levels were high during preparatory and pre-spawning phases and decreased gradually with onset of spawning and post-spawning phases of reproductive cycles in gonads. Chitosan nanoconjugated sLHRH (CsLHRH) of particle size 133.0nm and zeta potential of 34.3mV were synthesized and evaluated against naked sLHRH (salmon luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone). The entrapment efficiency of CsLHRH was 63%. CsLHRH nanoparticles increased the expression level of Sox9 transcripts in gonads and steroid hormonal levels in blood of male and female. Thus, our findings clearly indicate that Sox9 genes play essential role during seasonal variation of gonads. Besides, the current study reports that sustained release delivery-system will be helpful for proper gonadal development of fish. To the best of our knowledge, till date no study has been reported on nanodelivery of sLHRH and their effect on reproductive gene expression in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Ratnadeep Saha
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Gireesh-Babu Pathakota
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Annam Pavan-Kumar
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
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275
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Fowler BLS, Buonaccorsi VP. Genomic characterization of sex‐identification markers in
Sebastes carnatus
and
Sebastes chrysomelas
rockfishes. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2165-75. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Brelsford A, Dufresnes C, Perrin N. Trans-species variation in Dmrt1 is associated with sex determination in four European tree-frog species. Evolution 2016; 70:840-7. [PMID: 26920488 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies on the relative roles of occasional XY recombination versus sex-chromosome turnover in preventing sex-chromosome differentiation may shed light on the evolutionary forces acting on sex-determination systems. Signatures of XY recombination are difficult to distinguish from those of homologous transitions (i.e., transitions in sex-determination systems that keep sex-chromosome identity): both models predict X and Y alleles at sex-linked genes to cluster by species. However, the XY-recombination model specifically predicts the reverse pattern (clustering by gametologs) for those genes that are directly involved in sex determination. Hence, the latter model can only be validated by identification of an ancestral sex-determining region (SDR) with trans-species polymorphism associated to sex. Here we combine a candidate-gene approach with a genome scan to identify a small SDR shared by four species of a monophyletic clade of European tree frogs. This SDR encompasses at least the N-terminal part of Dmrt1 and immediate upstream sequences. Our findings provide definitive evidence that sex-chromosome homomorphy in this clade results only from XY recombination, and take an important step toward the identification of the sex-determining locus. Moreover, the sex-diagnostic markers we identify will enable research on environmental sex reversal in a wider range of frog species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521.
| | - Christophe Dufresnes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Perrin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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277
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Dmy initiates masculinity by altering Gsdf/Sox9a2/Rspo1 expression in medaka (Oryzias latipes). Sci Rep 2016; 6:19480. [PMID: 26806354 PMCID: PMC4726206 DOI: 10.1038/srep19480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite identification of several sex-determining genes in non-mammalian vertebrates, their detailed molecular cascades of sex determination/differentiation are not known. Here, we used a novel RNAi to characterise the molecular mechanism of Dmy (the sex-determining gene of medaka)-mediated masculinity in XY fish. Dmy knockdown (Dmy-KD) suppressed male pathway (Gsdf, Sox9a2, etc.) and favoured female cascade (Rspo1, etc.) in embryonic XY gonads, resulting in a fertile male-to-female sex-reversal. Gsdf, Sox9a2, and Rspo1 directly interacted with Dmy, and co-injection of Gsdf and Sox9a2 re-established masculinity in XY-Dmy-KD transgenics, insinuating that Dmy initiates masculinity by stimulating and suppressing Gsdf/Sox9a2 and Rspo1 expression, respectively. Gonadal expression of Wt1a starts prior to Dmy and didn’t change upon Dmy-KD. Furthermore, Wt1a stimulated the promoter activity of Dmy, suggesting Wt1a as a regulator of Dmy. These findings provide new insights into the role of vertebrate sex-determining genes associated with the molecular interplay between the male and female pathways.
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278
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Xu D, Shen KN, Fan Z, Huang W, You F, Lou B, Hsiao CD. The testis and ovary transcriptomes of the rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): A bony fish with a unique neo Y chromosome. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 7:210-3. [PMID: 26981410 PMCID: PMC4778641 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) is considerably one of the most economically important marine fish in East Asia and has a unique neo-Y chromosome system that is a good model to study the sex determination and differentiation in fish. In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing technology (HiSeq2000) to sequence, assemble and annotate the transcriptome of the testis and ovary tissues of rock bream. A total of 40,004,378 (NCBI SRA database SRX1406649) and 53,108,992 (NCBI SRA database SRX1406648) high quality reads were obtained from testis and ovary RNA sequencing, respectively, and 60,421 contigs (with average length of 1301 bp) were obtained after de novo assembling with Trinity software. Digital gene expression analysis reveals 14,036 contigs that show gender-enriched expressional profile with either testis-enriched (237 contigs) or ovary-enriched (581 contigs) with RPKM > 100. There are 237 male- and 582 female-abundant expressed genes that show sex dimorphic expression. We hope that the gonad transcriptome and those gender-enriched transcripts of rock bream can provide some insight into the understanding of genome-wide transcriptome profile of teleost gonad tissue and give useful information in fish gonad development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, 316100 Zhoushan, China; Marine and Fishery Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316100 Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kang-Ning Shen
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Zhaofei Fan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Marine and Fishery Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316100 Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng You
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Bao Lou
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, 316100 Zhoushan, China
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 32023 Chung-Li, Taiwan
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279
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Uchino T, Nakamura Y, Sekino M, Kai W, Fujiwara A, Yasuike M, Sugaya T, Fukuda H, Sano M, Sakamoto T. Constructing Genetic Linkage Maps Using the Whole Genome Sequence of Pacific Bluefin Tuna (<i>Thunnus orientalis</i>) and a Comparison of Chromosome Structure among Teleost Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2016.72010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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280
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Dynamics of vertebrate sex chromosome evolution: from equal size to giants and dwarfs. Chromosoma 2015; 125:553-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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281
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Liu H, Lamm MS, Rutherford K, Black MA, Godwin JR, Gemmell NJ. Large-scale transcriptome sequencing reveals novel expression patterns for key sex-related genes in a sex-changing fish. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:26. [PMID: 26613014 PMCID: PMC4660848 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teleost fishes exhibit remarkably diverse and plastic sexual developmental patterns. One of the most astonishing is the rapid socially controlled female-to-male (protogynous) sex change observed in bluehead wrasses (Thalassoma bifasciatum). Such functional sex change is widespread in marine fishes, including species of commercial importance, yet its underlying molecular basis remains poorly explored. Methods RNA sequencing was performed to characterize the transcriptomic profiles and identify genes exhibiting sex-biased expression in the brain (forebrain and midbrain) and gonads of bluehead wrasses. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis were carried out for the sex-biased genes in the gonad to detect global differences in gene products and genetic pathways between males and females. Results Here we report the first transcriptomic analysis for a protogynous fish. Expression comparison between males and females reveals a large set of genes with sex-biased expression in the gonad, but relatively few such sex-biased genes in the brain. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis suggested that ovaries are mainly enriched for metabolic processes and testes for signal transduction, particularly receptors of neurotransmitters and steroid hormones. When compared to other species, many genes previously implicated in male sex determination and differentiation pathways showed conservation in their gonadal expression patterns in bluehead wrasses. However, some critical female-pathway genes (e.g., rspo1 and wnt4b) exhibited unanticipated expression patterns. In the brain, gene expression patterns suggest that local neurosteroid production and signaling likely contribute to the sex differences observed. Conclusions Expression patterns of key sex-related genes suggest that sex-changing fish predominantly use an evolutionarily conserved genetic toolkit, but that subtle variability in the standard sex-determination regulatory network likely contributes to sexual plasticity in these fish. This study not only provides the first molecular data on a system ideally suited to explore the molecular basis of sexual plasticity and tissue re-engineering, but also sheds some light on the evolution of diverse sex determination and differentiation systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-015-0044-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Melissa S Lamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA ; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Kim Rutherford
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John R Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA ; W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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282
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Li M, Sun Y, Zhao J, Shi H, Zeng S, Ye K, Jiang D, Zhou L, Sun L, Tao W, Nagahama Y, Kocher TD, Wang D. A Tandem Duplicate of Anti-Müllerian Hormone with a Missense SNP on the Y Chromosome Is Essential for Male Sex Determination in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005678. [PMID: 26588702 PMCID: PMC4654491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the TGF-β signaling pathway is emerging as an important mechanism by which gonadal sex determination is controlled in teleosts. Here we show that amhy, a Y-specific duplicate of the anti-Müllerian hormone (amh) gene, induces male sex determination in Nile tilapia. amhy is a tandem duplicate located immediately downstream of amhΔ-y on the Y chromosome. The coding sequence of amhy was identical to the X-linked amh (amh) except a missense SNP (C/T) which changes an amino acid (Ser/Leu92) in the N-terminal region. amhy lacks 5608 bp of promoter sequence that is found in the X-linked amh homolog. The amhΔ-y contains several insertions and deletions in the promoter region, and even a 5 bp insertion in exonVI that results in a premature stop codon and thus a truncated protein product lacking the TGF-β binding domain. Both amhy and amhΔ-y expression is restricted to XY gonads from 5 days after hatching (dah) onwards. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of amhy in XY fish resulted in male to female sex reversal, while mutation of amhΔ-y alone could not. In contrast, overexpression of Amhy in XX fish, using a fosmid transgene that carries the amhy/amhΔ-y haplotype or a vector containing amhy ORF under the control of CMV promoter, resulted in female to male sex reversal, while overexpression of AmhΔ-y alone in XX fish could not. Knockout of the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type II (amhrII) in XY fish also resulted in 100% complete male to female sex reversal. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the duplicated amhy with a missense SNP is the candidate sex determining gene and amhy/amhrII signal is essential for male sex determination in Nile tilapia. These findings highlight the conserved roles of TGF-β signaling pathway in fish sex determination. Unlike mammals, the identity of the master sex-determining gene varies among fish species, and it is not yet clear if there is a common molecular pathway regulating gonadal sex determination across teleosts. Here we show that a Y-linked duplicate of the anti-Mullerian hormone (amhy) is essential for male sex determination in tilapia. Mutation of amhy resulted in male to female sex reversal, while overexpression of it resulted in female to male sex reversal. A missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (C/T) in the open reading frame (ORF) of amhy might contribute to male sex determination in tilapia. Knockout of the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type II (amhrII) also resulted in male to female sex reversal. Taken the amhy in Patagonian pejerrey, amhrII in Takifugu rubripes, gsdfY in Oryzias luzonensis into consideration, these data highlight an important role for TGF-β signaling in teleost sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlv Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongneng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yoshitaka Nagahama
- Solution-Oriented Research for Science and Technology (SORST), Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan; South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Thomas D. Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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283
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Robledo D, Ribas L, Cal R, Sánchez L, Piferrer F, Martínez P, Viñas A. Gene expression analysis at the onset of sex differentiation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:973. [PMID: 26581195 PMCID: PMC4652359 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling sex ratios is essential for the aquaculture industry, especially in those species with sex dimorphism for relevant productive traits, hence the importance of knowing how the sexual phenotype is established in fish. Turbot, a very important fish for the aquaculture industry in Europe, shows one of the largest sexual growth dimorphisms amongst marine cultured species, being all-female stocks a desirable goal for the industry. Although important knowledge has been achieved on the genetic basis of sex determination (SD) in this species, the master SD gene remains unknown and precise information on gene expression at the critical stage of sex differentiation is lacking. In the present work, we examined the expression profiles of 29 relevant genes related to sex differentiation, from 60 up to 135 days post fertilization (dpf), when gonads are differentiating. We also considered the influence of three temperature regimes on sex differentiation. RESULTS The first sex-related differences in molecular markers could be observed at 90 days post fertilization (dpf) and so we have called that time the onset of sex differentiation. Three genes were the first to show differential expression between males and females and also allowed us to sex turbot accurately at the onset of sex differentiation (90 dpf): cyp19a1a, amh and vasa. The expression of genes related to primordial germ cells (vasa, gsdf, tdrd1) started to increase between 75-90 dpf and vasa and tdrd1 later presented higher expression in females (90-105 dpf). Two genes placed on the SD region of turbot (sox2, fxr1) did not show any expression pattern suggestive of a sex determining function. We also detected changes in the expression levels of several genes (ctnnb1, cyp11a, dmrt2 or sox6) depending on culture temperature. CONCLUSION Our results enabled us to identify the first sex-associated genetic cues (cyp19a1a, vasa and amh) at the initial stages of gonad development in turbot (90 dpf) and to accurately sex turbot at this age, establishing the correspondence between gene expression profiles and histological sex. Furthermore, we profiled several genes involved in sex differentiation and found specific temperature effects on their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Robledo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laia Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Cal
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Departamento de Genética. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Ana Viñas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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284
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Kaneko H, Ijiri S, Kobayashi T, Izumi H, Kuramochi Y, Wang DS, Mizuno S, Nagahama Y. Gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf), a TGF-beta superfamily gene, induces testis differentiation in the teleost fish Oreochromis niloticus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:87-99. [PMID: 26265450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is a gonochoristic teleost fish with an XX/XY genetic system and is an excellent model for gonadal sex differentiation. In the present study, we screened novel genes that were expressed predominantly in either XY or XX undifferentiated gonads during the critical period for differentiation of gonads into ovaries or testes using microarray screening. We focused on one of the isolated 12 candidate genes, #9475, which was an ortholog of gsdf (gonadal soma-derived factor), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. #9475/gsdf showed sexual dimorphism in expression in XY gonads before any other testis differentiation-related genes identified in this species thus far. We also overexpressed the #9475/gsdf gene in XX tilapia, and XX tilapia bearing the #9475/gsdf gene showed normal testis development, which suggests that #9475/gsdf plays an important role in male determination and/or differentiation in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyo Kaneko
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shigeho Ijiri
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hikari Izumi
- Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kuramochi
- Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - De-Shou Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shouta Mizuno
- Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Nagahama
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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285
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Pfennig F, Standke A, Gutzeit HO. The role of Amh signaling in teleost fish--Multiple functions not restricted to the gonads. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:87-107. [PMID: 26428616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the important role of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) during gonad development in fishes. This Tgfβ-domain bearing hormone was named after one of its known functions, the induction of the regression of Müllerian ducts in male mammalian embryos. Later in development it is involved in male and female gonad differentiation and extragonadal expression has been reported in mammals as well. Teleosts lack Müllerian ducts, but they have amh orthologous genes. amh expression is reported from 21 fish species and possible regulatory interactions with further factors like sex steroids and gonadotropic hormones are discussed. The gonadotropin Fsh inhibits amh expression in all fish species studied. Sex steroids show no consistent influence on amh expression. Amh is produced in male Sertoli cells and female granulosa cells and inhibits germ cell proliferation and differentiation as well as steroidogenesis in both sexes. Therefore, Amh might be a central player in gonad development and a target of gonadotropic Fsh. Furthermore, there is evidence that an Amh-type II receptor is involved in germ cell regulation. Amh and its corresponding type II receptor are also present in brain and pituitary, at least in some teleosts, indicating additional roles of Amh effects in the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis. Unraveling Amh signaling is important in stem cell research and for reproduction as well as for aquaculture and in environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pfennig
- Institut für Zoologie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andrea Standke
- Institut für Zoologie, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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286
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Vizziano-Cantonnet D, Di Landro S, Lasalle A, Martínez A, Mazzoni TS, Quagio-Grassiotto I. Identification of the molecular sex-differentiation period in the siberian sturgeon. Mol Reprod Dev 2015; 83:19-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Vizziano-Cantonnet
- Facultad de Ciencias; Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Reproducción y Ecología de Peces; Iguá Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Santiago Di Landro
- Facultad de Ciencias; Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Reproducción y Ecología de Peces; Iguá Montevideo Uruguay
| | - André Lasalle
- Facultad de Ciencias; Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Reproducción y Ecología de Peces; Iguá Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Anabel Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias; Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Reproducción y Ecología de Peces; Iguá Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Talita Sarah Mazzoni
- Departamento de Morfologia; Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Irani Quagio-Grassiotto
- Departamento de Morfologia; Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
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287
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Abstract
Sex chromosomes and the sex-determining (SD) gene are variable in vertebrates. In particular, medaka fishes in the genus Oryzias show an extremely large diversity in sex chromosomes and the SD gene, providing a good model to study the evolutionary process by which they turnover. Here, we investigated the sex determination system and sex chromosomes in six celebensis group species. Our sex-linkage analysis demonstrated that all species had an XX-XY sex determination system, and that the Oryzias marmoratus and O. profundicola sex chromosomes were homologous to O. latipes linkage group (LG) 10, while those of the other four species, O. celebensis, O. matanensis, O. wolasi, and O. woworae, were homologous to O. latipes LG 24. The phylogenetic relationship suggested a turnover of the sex chromosomes from O. latipes LG 24 to LG 10 within this group. Six sex-linkage maps showed that the former two and the latter four species shared a common SD locus, respectively, suggesting that the LG 24 acquired the SD function in a common ancestor of the celebensis group, and that the LG 10 SD function appeared in a common ancestor of O. marmoratus and O. profundicola after the divergence of O. matanensis. Additionally, fine mapping and association analysis in the former two species revealed that Sox3 on the Y chromosome is a prime candidate for the SD gene, and that the Y-specific 430-bp insertion might be involved in its SD function.
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288
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Herpin A, Schartl M. Plasticity of gene-regulatory networks controlling sex determination: of masters, slaves, usual suspects, newcomers, and usurpators. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1260-74. [PMID: 26358957 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is one of the most pervasive and diverse features of animal morphology, physiology, and behavior. Despite the generality of the phenomenon itself, the mechanisms controlling how sex is determined differ considerably among various organismic groups, have evolved repeatedly and independently, and the underlying molecular pathways can change quickly during evolution. Even within closely related groups of organisms for which the development of gonads on the morphological, histological, and cell biological level is undistinguishable, the molecular control and the regulation of the factors involved in sex determination and gonad differentiation can be substantially different. The biological meaning of the high molecular plasticity of an otherwise common developmental program is unknown. While comparative studies suggest that the downstream effectors of sex-determining pathways tend to be more stable than the triggering mechanisms at the top, it is still unclear how conserved the downstream networks are and how all components work together. After many years of stasis, when the molecular basis of sex determination was amenable only in the few classical model organisms (fly, worm, mouse), recently, sex-determining genes from several animal species have been identified and new studies have elucidated some novel regulatory interactions and biological functions of the downstream network, particularly in vertebrates. These data have considerably changed our classical perception of a simple linear developmental cascade that makes the decision for the embryo to develop as male or female, and how it evolves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Herpin
- Department Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany INRA, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomics, Sex Differentiation and Oogenesis Group (SDOG), Rennes, France
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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289
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McLennan IS, Pankhurst MW. Anti-Müllerian hormone is a gonadal cytokine with two circulating forms and cryptic actions. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:R45-57. [PMID: 26163524 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a multi-faceted gonadal cytokine. It is present in all vertebrates with its original function in phylogeny being as a regulator of germ cells in both sexes, and as a prime inducer of the male phenotype. Its ancient functions appear to be broadly conserved in mammals, but with this being obscured by its overt role in triggering the regression of the Müllerian ducts in male embryos. Sertoli and ovarian follicular cells primarily release AMH as a prohormone (proAMH), which forms a stable complex (AMHN,C) after cleavage by subtilisin/kexin-type proprotein convertases or serine proteinases. Circulating AMH is a mixture of proAMH and AMHN,C, suggesting that proAMH is activated within the gonads and putatively by its endocrine target-cells. The gonadal expression of the cleavage enzymes is subject to complex regulation, and the preliminary data suggest that this influences the relative proportions of proAMH and AMHN,C in the circulation. AMH shares an intracellular pathway with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and growth differentiation factor (GDF) ligands. AMH is male specific during the initial stage of development, and theoretically should produce male biases throughout the body by adding a male-specific amplification of BMP/GDF signalling. Consistent with this, some of the male biases in neuron number and the non-sexual behaviours of mice are dependent on AMH. After puberty, circulating levels of AMH are similar in men and women. Putatively, the function of AMH in adulthood maybe to add a gonadal influence to BMP/GDF-regulated homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S McLennan
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael W Pankhurst
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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290
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Lubieniecki KP, Botwright NA, Taylor RS, Evans BS, Cook MT, Davidson WS. Expression analysis of sex-determining pathway genes during development in male and female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:581-7. [PMID: 26330486 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00013.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression of 28 genes that are involved in vertebrate sex-determination or sex-differentiation pathways, in male and female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in 11 stages of development from fertilization to after first feeding. Gene expression was measured in half-sibs that shared the same dam. The sire of family 1 was a sex-reversed female (i.e., genetically female but phenotypically male), and so the progeny of this family are all female. The sire of family 2 was a true male, and so the offspring were 50% male and 50% female. Gene expression levels were compared among three groups: 20 female offspring of the cross between a regular female and the sex-reversed female (family 1, first group), ∼ 10 females from the cross between a regular female and a regular male (family 2, second group) and ∼ 10 males from this same family (family 2, third group). Statistically significant differences in expression levels between males and the two groups of females were observed for two genes, gsdf and amh/mis, in the last four developmental stages examined. SdY, the sex-determining gene in rainbow trout, appeared to be expressed in males from 58 days postfertilization (dpf). Starting at 83 dpf, ovarian aromatase, cyp19a, expression appeared to be greater in both groups of females compared with males, but this difference was not statistically significant. The time course of expression suggests that sdY may be involved in the upregulation of gsdf and amh/mis and the subsequent repression of cyp19a in males via the effect of amh/mis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof P Lubieniecki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natasha A Botwright
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Brad S Evans
- Salmon Enterprises Of Tasmania Pty. Limited (SALTAS), Wayatinah, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mathew T Cook
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William S Davidson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;
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291
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Wu J, Xiong S, Jing J, Chen X, Wang W, Gui JF, Mei J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways between XY and YY Testis in Yellow Catfish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134626. [PMID: 26241040 PMCID: PMC4524600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
YY super-males have rarely been detected in nature and only been artificially created in some fish species including tilapia and yellow catfish (Pelteobagrusfulvidraco), which provides a promising model for testis development and spermatogenesis. In our previous study, significant differences in morphology and miRNA expression were detected between XY and YY testis of yellow catfish. Here, solexa sequencing technology was further performed to compare mRNA expression between XY and YY testis. Compared with unigenes expressed in XY testis, 1146 and 1235 unigenes have significantly higher and lower expression in YY testis, respectively. 605 differentially expressed unigenes were annotated to 1604 GO terms with 319 and 286 genes having relative higher expression in XY and YY testis. KEGG analysis suggested different levels of PI3K-AKT and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways between XY and YY testis. Down-regulation of miR-141/429 in YY testis was speculated to promote testis development and maturation, and several factors in PI3K-AKT and GPCR signaling pathways were found as predicted targets of miR-141/429, several of which were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Our study provides a comparative transcriptome analysis between XY and YY testis, and reveals interactions between miRNAs and their target genes that are possibly involved in regulating testis development and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuting Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Jing
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- * E-mail: (JM); (JFG)
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- * E-mail: (JM); (JFG)
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292
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Koyama T, Ozaki A, Yoshida K, Suzuki J, Fuji K, Aoki JY, Kai W, Kawabata Y, Tsuzaki T, Araki K, Sakamoto T. Identification of Sex-Linked SNPs and Sex-Determining Regions in the Yellowtail Genome. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:502-510. [PMID: 25975833 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the conservation of sex-determining (SD) modes seen in most mammals and birds, teleost fishes exhibit a wide variety of SD systems and genes. Hence, the study of SD genes and sex chromosome turnover in fish is one of the most interesting topics in evolutionary biology. To increase resolution of the SD gene evolutionary trajectory in fish, identification of the SD gene in more fish species is necessary. In this study, we focused on the yellowtail, a species widely cultivated in Japan. It is a member of family Carangidae in which no heteromorphic sex chromosome has been observed, and no SD gene has been identified to date. By performing linkage analysis and BAC walking, we identified a genomic region and SNPs with complete linkage to yellowtail sex. Comparative genome analysis revealed the yellowtail SD region ancestral chromosome structure as medaka-fugu. Two inversions occurred in the yellowtail linage after it diverged from the yellowtail-medaka ancestor. An association study using wild yellowtails and the SNPs developed from BAC ends identified two SNPs that can reasonably distinguish the sexes. Therefore, these will be useful genetic markers for yellowtail breeding. Based on a comparative study, it was suggested that a PDZ domain containing the GIPC protein might be involved in yellowtail sex determination. The homomorphic sex chromosomes widely observed in the Carangidae suggest that this family could be a suitable marine fish model to investigate the early stages of sex chromosome evolution, for which our results provide a good starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koyama
- Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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Genetic Basis Underlying Behavioral Correlation Between Fugu Takifugu rubripes and a Closely Related Species, Takifugu niphobles. Behav Genet 2015; 45:560-72. [PMID: 26067468 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Correlated suits of behaviors (behavioral syndrome) are commonly observed in both inter- and intraspecific studies. In order to understand the genetic basis of such a correlation between species, we compared ten behaviors classified into five categories (acclimation, feeding, normal swimming, reaction to a novel object and activity in a novel environment) between two pufferfish species, Takifugu rubripes and T. niphobles. The two species showed consistent differences in nine behaviors with a significant correlation among behaviors. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using second generation hybrids revealed that different sets of small effect QTL are associated with the observed interspecific behavioral disparity. This indicates that correlations in temperament traits between them are governed by many genes with small effects, and each behavior has been selected to form particular combination patterns. One of the QTL showing small pleiotropic effect includes the Drd4 gene known for its association with behavioral traits in some animal taxa including mammals.
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294
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Böhne A, Sengstag T, Salzburger W. Comparative transcriptomics in East African cichlids reveals sex- and species-specific expression and new candidates for sex differentiation in fishes. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 6:2567-85. [PMID: 25364805 PMCID: PMC4202336 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females of the same species differ largely in gene expression, which accounts for most of the morphological and physiological differences and sex-specific phenotypes. Here, we analyzed sex-specific gene expression in the brain and the gonads of cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika belonging to four different lineages, so-called tribes (Eretmodini, Ectodini, Haplochromini, and Lamprologini), using the outgroup Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as reference. The comparison between male and female brains revealed few differences between the sexes, consistent in all investigated species. The gonads, on the other hand, showed a large fraction of differentially expressed transcripts with the majority of them showing the same direction of expression in all four species. All here-studied cichlids, especially the three investigated mouth-breeding species, showed a trend toward more male- than female biased transcripts. Transcripts, which were female-biased in expression in all four species, were overrepresented on linkage group (LG)1 in the reference genome and common male-biased transcripts showed accumulation on LG23, the presumable sex chromosomes of the Nile tilapia. Sex-specific transcripts contained candidate genes for sex determination and differentiation in fishes,especially members of the transforming growth factor-b-superfamily and the Wnt-pathway and also prominent members of the sox-, dm-domain-, and high mobility group-box families. We further confirmed our previous finding on species/lineage-specific gene expression shifts in the sex steroid pathway, including synthesizing enzymes as the aromatase cyp19a1 and estrogen and androgen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Böhne
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Thierry Sengstag
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and sciCORE Computing Center, University of Basel, Switzerland
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295
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Chen Y, Hong WS, Wang Q, Chen SX. Cloning and expression pattern of gsdf during the first maleness reproductive phase in the protandrous Acanthopagrus latus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 217-218:71-80. [PMID: 25736452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal soma-derived factor (Gsdf) is a new member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. As a teleost- and gonad-specific growth factor, several studies indicate that Gsdf plays an important role in early germ cell development. In the present study, for the first time, a 1700-bp long gsdf gene was cloned from a protandrous species, Acanthopagrus latus. We further analyzed the cellular localization and the expression patterns of gsdf in respective testicular and ovarian zones during the first maleness reproductive phase. The results showed that gsdf transcripts were highly expressed in the ovotestis during sex differentiation, and the somatic cells of the testicular zone expressed many more gsdf transcripts than those of the ovarian zone. At the onset of puberty, the gsdf expression levels decreased gradually during spermatogenesis. Conversely, the ovarian zone exhibited a stable increase pattern which was similar to the plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) levels. These results suggested that Gsdf may participates in early germ cell development, e.g. proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia and oogonia in A. latus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wan Shu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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296
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Sex Control in Fish: Approaches, Challenges and Opportunities for Aquaculture. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse3020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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297
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Aoki JY, Kai W, Kawabata Y, Ozaki A, Yoshida K, Koyama T, Sakamoto T, Araki K. Second generation physical and linkage maps of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and comparison of synteny with four model fish. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:406. [PMID: 26003112 PMCID: PMC4493941 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical and linkage maps are important aids for the assembly of genome sequences, comparative analyses of synteny, and to search for candidate genes by quantitative trait locus analysis. Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, is an economically important species in Japanese aquaculture, and genetic information will be useful for DNA-assisted breeding. We report the construction of a second generation radiation hybrid map, its synteny analysis, and a second generation linkage map containing SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in yellowtail. Results Approximately 1.4 million reads were obtained from transcriptome sequence analysis derived from 11 tissues of one individual. To identify SNPs, cDNA libraries were generated from a pool of 500 whole juveniles, and the gills and kidneys of 100 adults. 9,356 putative SNPs were detected in 6,025 contigs, with a minor allele frequency ≥25%. The linkage and radiation hybrid maps were constructed based on these contig sequences. 2,081 markers, including 601 SNPs markers, were mapped onto the linkage map, and 1,532 markers were mapped in the radiation hybrid map. Conclusions The second generation linkage and physical maps were constructed using 6,025 contigs having SNP markers. These maps will aid the de novo assembly of sequencing reads, linkage studies and the identification of candidate genes related to important traits. The comparison of marker contigs in the radiation hybrid map indicated that yellowtail is evolutionarily closer to medaka than to green-spotted pufferfish, three-spined stickleback or zebrafish. The synteny analysis may aid studies of chromosomal evolution in yellowtail compared with model fish. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1600-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ya Aoki
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki-cho, Watarai-gun, Mie, 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kai
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki-cho, Watarai-gun, Mie, 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Yumi Kawabata
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki-cho, Watarai-gun, Mie, 519-0423, Japan.
| | - Akiyuki Ozaki
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhamaura, Minamiise-cho, Watarai-gun, Mie, 516-0193, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Yoshida
- Goto Laboratory, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 122-7, Nunoura, Tamanoura-cho, Goto, Nagasaki, 853-0508, Japan.
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Araki
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 224-1 Hiruta, Tamaki-cho, Watarai-gun, Mie, 519-0423, Japan.
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298
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Sheng Y, Zhao W, Song Y, Li Z, Luo M, Lei Q, Cheng H, Zhou R. Proteomic analysis of three gonad types of swamp eel reveals genes differentially expressed during sex reversal. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10176. [PMID: 25985063 PMCID: PMC4434955 DOI: 10.1038/srep10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of mechanisms are engaged in sex determination in vertebrates. The teleost fish swamp eel undergoes sex reversal naturally and is an ideal model for vertebrate sexual development. However, the importance of proteome-wide scanning for gonad reversal was not previously determined. We report a 2-D electrophoresis analysis of three gonad types of proteomes during sex reversal. MS/MS analysis revealed a group of differentially expressed proteins during ovary to ovotestis to testis transformation. Cbx3 is up-regulated during gonad reversal and is likely to have a role in spermatogenesis. Rab37 is down-regulated during the reversal and is mainly associated with oogenesis. Both Cbx3 and Rab37 are linked up in a protein network. These datasets in gonadal proteomes provide a new resource for further studies in gonadal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sheng
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Majing Luo
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Quan Lei
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hanhua Cheng
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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299
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Chen X, Mei J, Wu J, Jing J, Ma W, Zhang J, Dan C, Wang W, Gui JF. A comprehensive transcriptome provides candidate genes for sex determination/differentiation and SSR/SNP markers in yellow catfish. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:190-198. [PMID: 25403497 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex dimorphic growth pattern has significant theory and application implications in fish. Recently, a Y- and X-specific allele marker-assisted sex control technique has been developed for mass production of all-male population in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), but the genetic information for sex determination and sex control breeding has remained unclear. Here, we attempted to provide the first insight into a comprehensive transcriptome covering multiple tissues from XX females, XY males, and YY super-males of yellow catfish by using 454 GS-FLX platform, for a better assembly and gene coverage. A total of 1,202,933 high quality reads (about 540 Mbp) were obtained and assembled into 28,297 contigs and 141,951 singletons. BLASTX searches against the NCBI non-redundant protein database (nr) led a total of 52,564 unique sequences including 18,748 contigs and 33,816 singletons to match 25,669 known or predicted unique proteins. All of them with annotated function were categorized by gene ontology (GO) analysis, and 712 were assigned to reproduction and reproductive process. Some potential genes relevant to reproductive system including steroid hormone biosynthesis and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) signaling pathway were further identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis; and at least 21 sex determination and differentiation-related genes, such as Dmrt1, Sox9a/b, Cyp19b, WT1, and AMH were identified and characterized. Additionally, a total of 82,794 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 26,450 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 4,145 insertions and deletions (INDELs) were revealed from the transcriptome data. Therefore, the current transcriptome resources highlight further studies on sex-control breeding in yellow catfish and will benefit future studies on reproduction and sex determination in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Adolfi MC, Carreira ACO, Jesus LWO, Bogerd J, Funes RM, Schartl M, Sogayar MC, Borella MI. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of dmrt1 and sox9 during gonad development and male reproductive cycle in the lambari fish, Astyanax altiparanae. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:2. [PMID: 25577427 PMCID: PMC4298075 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dmrt1 and sox9 genes have a well conserved function related to testis formation in vertebrates, and the group of fish presents a great diversity of species and reproductive mechanisms. The lambari fish (Astyanax altiparanae) is an important Neotropical species, where studies on molecular level of sex determination and gonad maturation are scarce. METHODS Here, we employed molecular cloning techniques to analyze the cDNA sequences of the dmrt1 and sox9 genes, and describe the expression pattern of those genes during development and the male reproductive cycle by qRT-PCR, and related to histology of the gonad. RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses of predicted amino acid sequences of dmrt1 and sox9 clustered A. altiparanae in the Ostariophysi group, which is consistent with the morphological phylogeny of this species. Studies of the gonad development revealed that ovary formation occurred at 58 days after hatching (dah), 2 weeks earlier than testis formation. Expression studies of sox9 and dmrt1 in different tissues of adult males and females and during development revealed specific expression in the testis, indicating that both genes also have a male-specific role in the adult. During the period of gonad sex differentiation, dmrt1 seems to have a more significant role than sox9. During the male reproductive cycle dmrt1 and sox9 are down-regulated after spermiation, indicating a role of these genes in spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS For the first time the dmrt1 and sox9 were cloned in a Characiformes species. We show that both genes have a conserved structure and expression, evidencing their role in sex determination, sex differentiation and the male reproductive cycle in A. altiparanae. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus C Adolfi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana CO Carreira
- Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Lázaro WO Jesus
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jan Bogerd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rejane M Funes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria I Borella
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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