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Steudemann C, Bauersachs S, Weber K, Wess G. Detection and comparison of microRNA expression in the serum of Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy controls. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:12. [PMID: 23327631 PMCID: PMC3608136 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common heart disease in Doberman Pinschers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs playing important roles in gene regulation. Different miRNA expression patterns have been described for DCM in humans and might represent potential diagnostic markers. There are no studies investigating miRNA expression profiles in canine DCM. The aims of this study were to screen the miRNA expression profile of canine serum using miRNA microarray and to compare expression patterns of a group of Doberman Pinschers with DCM and healthy controls. Results Eight Doberman Pinschers were examined by echocardiography and 24-hour-ECG and classified as healthy (n = 4) or suffering from DCM (n = 4). Total RNA was extracted from serum and hybridized on a custom-designed 8x60k miRNA microarray (Agilent) containing probes for 1368 individual miRNAs. Although total RNA concentrations were very low in serum samples, 404 different miRNAs were detectable with sufficient signal intensity on miRNA microarray. 22 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the two groups (p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 1.5), but did not reach statistical significance after multiple testing correction (false discovery rate adjusted p > 0.05). Five miRNAs were selected for further analysis using quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (qPCR) assays. No significant differences were found using specific miRNA qPCR assays (p > 0.05). Conclusions Numerous miRNAs can be detected in canine serum. Between healthy and DCM dogs, miRNA expression changes could be detected, but the results did not reach statistical significance most probably due to the small group size. miRNAs are potential new circulating biomarkers in veterinary medicine and should be investigated in larger patient groups and additional canine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Steudemann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, Munich 80539, Germany
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252
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Flowers E, Froelicher ES, Aouizerat BE. MicroRNA regulation of lipid metabolism. Metabolism 2013; 62:12-20. [PMID: 22607769 PMCID: PMC3440514 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are structural components of an epigenetic mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNA translation. Recently, there is significant interest in the application of microRNA as a blood-based biomarker of underlying physiologic conditions, and the therapeutic administration of microRNA inhibitors and mimics. The purpose of this review is to describe the current body of knowledge on microRNA regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and to introduce the role of microRNA in development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiologic Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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253
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Endo K, Weng H, Naito Y, Sasaoka T, Takahashi A, Fukushima Y, Iwai N. Classification of various muscular tissues using miRNA profiling. Biomed Res 2013; 34:289-99. [PMID: 24389405 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs of 18-23 nucleotides that regulate gene expression. Recently, plasma miRNAs have been investigated as biomarkers for various diseases. In the present study, we explored whether miRNA expression profiling of various muscle cells may be useful for the diagnosis of various diseases involving muscle necrosis. miRNA expression profiling was assessed by miRNA array and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction by using a reverse primer of a stem loop structure. Profiling of various muscle cells of mouse, including cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles, and vascular and visceral smooth muscles, indicated that profiling of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-145, miR-206, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR499 were adequate to discriminate muscle cells. miR-145 was remarkably highly expressed in smooth muscles. miR-208a and miR-499 were highly expressed in cardiomyocytes. miR-133a was highly expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscles. miR-206 and miR-208b were expressed in the slow-twitch skeletal muscles, and they can likely discriminate fast- and slow-twitch types of skeletal muscle cells. We observed that brown fat adipose cells had an miRNA expression profile very similar to those of skeletal muscle cells in the mouse. Plasma concentrations of miR-133a and miR-145 were extremely useful in diagnosing skeletal muscle necrosis in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and colon smooth muscle necrosis in a rat ischemic colitis model, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the miRNA expression profiles of various muscular tissues. Our results suggest that expression profiling would be useful for the diagnosis of various diseases such as muscular necrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Animals
- Colitis, Ischemic/blood
- Colitis, Ischemic/diagnosis
- Colitis, Ischemic/genetics
- Colitis, Ischemic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/blood
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnosis
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Rats
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Terminology as Topic
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Endo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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254
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Li YQ, Zhang MF, Wen HY, Hu CL, Liu R, Wei HY, Ai CM, Wang G, Liao XX, Li X. Comparing the diagnostic values of circulating microRNAs and cardiac troponin T in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:75-80. [PMID: 23420161 PMCID: PMC3552456 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(01)oa12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that circulating microRNAs might be useful, novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of cardiac-specific miRNAs (miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499) in patients with acute myocardial infarction and to compare the diagnostic values of these miRNAs with that of cardiac troponin T. METHODS Sixty-seven plasma samples obtained from patients with acute myocardial infarction and 32 plasma specimens collected from healthy volunteers were analyzed in this study. The levels of cardiac-specific miRNAs (miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499) were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the concentrations of plasma cardiac troponin T were measured using electrochemiluminescence-based methods and an Elecsys 2010 Immunoassay Analyzer. RESULTS The levels of plasma miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499 were significantly higher in acute myocardial infarction patients (all p<0.001) than in healthy volunteers. The expression of the cardiac-specific miRNAs in acute myocardial infarction patients decreased to close to the baseline levels at the time of hospital discharge (all p>0.05). There were no correlations between the levels of the four circulating miRNAs and the clinical characteristics of the study population (all p>0.05). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the four plasma miRNAs were not superior to cardiac troponin T for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that circulating miR-1, -133a, -208b, and -499 may be useful biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction patients but that these miRNAs are not superior to cardiac troponin T for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qing Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Emergency, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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255
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Oliveira-Carvalho V, da Silva MMF, Guimarães GV, Bacal F, Bocchi EA. MicroRNAs: new players in heart failure. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2663-70. [PMID: 23242657 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs representing one of the most exciting areas of modern medical science. miRNAs modulate a large and complex regulatory network of gene expression of the majority of the protein-coding genes. Currently, evidences suggest that miRNAs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Some miRNAs as miR-1, miR-133 and miR-208a are highly expressed in the heart and strongly associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Recent data indicate that these miRNAs as well as miR-206 change their expression quickly in response to physical activity. The differential regulation of miRNAs in response to exercise suggests a potential value of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) as biomarkers of physiological mediators of the cardiovascular adaptation induced by exercise. Likewise, serum levels of c-miRNAs such as miR-423-5p have been evaluated as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. On the other hand, the manipulation of miRNAs levels using techniques such as 'miR mimics' and 'antagomiRs' is becoming evident the enormous potential of miRNAs as promising therapeutic strategies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Oliveira-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Insuficiência Cardíaca e Transplante, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (InCor HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, 05403-900, Brazil.
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256
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of approximately 30% of protein-coding genes. Functions of miRNAs are essential to maintain a steady state of cellular machinery. Dysregulations of miRNAs play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of malignancies. Abnormal miRNA expressions have been found in a variety of human solid tumors. Furthermore, extracellular miRNAs could circulate in body fluids, and hence show great promise for refining diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Here we review the progress of analysis of microRNAs as a potential approach for diagnosis and prognosis of solid cancer. We will also discuss obstacles in developing miRNAs as circulating biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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257
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Uhlemann M, Möbius-Winkler S, Fikenzer S, Adam J, Redlich M, Möhlenkamp S, Hilberg T, Schuler GC, Adams V. Circulating microRNA-126 increases after different forms of endurance exercise in healthy adults. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 21:484-91. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487312467902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Uhlemann
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Sven Möbius-Winkler
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Sven Fikenzer
- Department of Fitness and Individual Training, German University of Applied Sciences for Prevention and Health Management, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Adam
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Maren Redlich
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Stefan Möhlenkamp
- Hospital Bethanien, Department of Cardiology/Angiology, Moers, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard C Schuler
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
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258
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Cui
- Department of biostatistics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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259
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Recent advances in cardiovascular proteomics. J Proteomics 2012; 81:3-14. [PMID: 23153792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major source of global morbidity and death and more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. These diseases can occur quickly, as seen in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or progress slowly over years as with chronic heart failure. Advances in mass spectrometry detection and analysis, together with improved isolation and enrichment techniques allowing for the separation of organelles and membrane proteins, now allow for the indepth analysis of the cardiac proteome. Here we outline current insights that have been provided through cardiovascular proteomics, and discuss studies that have developed innovative technologies which permit the examination of the protein complement in specific organelles including exosomes and secreted proteins. We highlight these foundational studies and illustrate how they are providing the technologies and tools which are now being applied to further study cardiovascular disease; provide new diagnostic markers and potentially new methods of cardiac patient management with identification of novel drug targets. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: From protein structures to clinical applications.
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260
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Oliveira-Carvalho V, Carvalho VO, Bocchi EA. The emerging role of miR-208a in the heart. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 32:8-12. [PMID: 23121236 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulatory small RNAs that have fundamentally transformed our understanding of how gene networks are regulated representing one of the most exciting areas of the modern cardiology research. Among all known miRNAs, miR-208a is one of the most important heart-enriched miRNA playing a crucial role in the heart health and disease. miR-208a is a member of a miRNA family that also included miR-208b and is encoded by an intronic region of the Myh6 gene. Within the heart, miR-208a and miR-208b are involved in the regulation of the myosin heavy chain isoformswitch during development and in pathophysiological conditions. miR-208a is sufficient to induce arrhythmias, cardiac remodeling, and to regulate the expression of hypertrophy pathway components and the cardiac conduction system. Recently, the identification of miR-208a in the bloodstream has led to a great clinical interest to use this molecule as a potential noninvasive biomarker of myocardial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagner Oliveira-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Insuficiência Cardíaca e Transplante do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, São Paulo, Brasil.
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261
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Abstract
Even in the new millennium, arterial hypertension remains a serious condition, with considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Crucial in managing the disease is not only lowering arterial blood pressure but also preventing or treating the typical end-organ damage caused by long-lasting and inadequately treated hypertension. In the past decade, it has been shown that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in several hypertension-related pathologies, such as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, hypertensive heart failure, renal fibrosis, kidney failure, and, to a lesser extent, eye disease and hemorrhagic stroke. Whereas others extensively reviewed the role of miRs in atherosclerosis and vascular disease, this review focuses on their role in target organ damage during arterial hypertension. We emphasize the involvement of miRs in pathological end-organ remodeling processes and try to demonstrate some common miR signatures in distinct end organs. Hence, we aimed to provide proof of arterial hypertension being a systemic disease, similar to diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, miRs that act on one particular process in different end organs are interesting therapeutic targets. Some future perspectives in miR research are highlighted with respect to novel therapeutic strategies in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward A. Heggermont
- From the Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (W.A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands (S.H.)
| | - Stephane Heymans
- From the Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (W.A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands (S.H.)
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262
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Abstract
The recent discovery of functional cell-free circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in human body fluids has opened new avenues for the application of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as noninvasive, specific and sensitive biomarkers for cancers and other human diseases. In this review, we explore the concept of circulating miRNAs as hormones, and discuss their potential functions in cellular communication and transferring of signals. We also provide a brief overview of their identification, processing, and potential functions and applications in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Y Shah
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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263
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Abstract
Transcriptomics is the study of how our genes are regulated and expressed in different biological settings. Technical advances now enable quantitative assessment of all expressed genes (ie, the entire "transcriptome") in a given tissue at a given time. These approaches provide a powerful tool for understanding complex biological systems and for developing novel biomarkers. This chapter will introduce basic concepts in transcriptomics and available technologies for developing transcriptomic biomarkers. We will then review current and emerging applications in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Pedrotty
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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264
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Oerlemans MIFJ, Mosterd A, Dekker MS, de Vrey EA, van Mil A, Pasterkamp G, Doevendans PA, Hoes AW, Sluijter JPG. Early assessment of acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department: the potential diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:1176-85. [PMID: 23023917 PMCID: PMC3494874 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were based on small patient numbers, performed no comparison with established markers of cardiac injury and did not have appropriate controls. We determined the potential diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs as novel early biomarkers in 332 suspected ACS patients on presentation to the emergency department (ED) in a prospective single-centre study including cardiac miRNAs (miR-1, -208a and -499), miR-21 and miR-146a. Levels of all miRs studied were significantly increased in 106 patients diagnosed with ACS, even in patients with initially negative high-sensitive (hs) troponin or symptom onset <3 h. MiR-1, miR-499 and miR-21 significantly increased the diagnostic value in all suspected ACS patients when added to hs-troponin T (AUC 0.90). These three miRs were strong predictors of ACS independent of clinical co-variates including patient history and cardiovascular risk factors. Interestingly, the combination of these three miRs resulted in a significantly higher AUC of 0.94 than hs-troponin T (0.89). Circulating microRNAs hold great potential as novel early biomarkers for the management of suspected ACS patients.
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265
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Udali S, Guarini P, Moruzzi S, Choi SW, Friso S. Cardiovascular epigenetics: from DNA methylation to microRNAs. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 34:883-901. [PMID: 22981780 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic phenomena are defined as heritable mechanisms that establish and maintain mitotically stable patterns of gene expression without modifying the base sequence of DNA. The major epigenetic features of mammalian cells include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications and RNA-based mechanisms including those controlled by small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs). The impact of epigenetic mechanisms in cardiovascular pathophysiology is now emerging as a major player in the interface between genotype to phenotype variability. This topic of research has strict implications on disease development and progression, and opens up possible novel preventive strategies in cardiovascular disease. An important aspect of epigenetic mechanisms is that they are potentially reversible and may be influenced by nutritional-environmental factors and through gene-environment interactions, all of which have an important role in complex, multifactorial diseases such as those affecting the cardiovascular system. Gene expression regulation through the interplay of DNA methylation and histone modifications is well-established, although the knowledge about the function of epigenetic signatures in cardiovascular disease is still largely unexplored. The study of epigenetic markers is, therefore, a very promising frontier of science which may aid in a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of gene expression in the biomolecule pathways linked to cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on up-to-date knowledge pertaining to the role of epigenetics, from DNA methylation to miRNAs, in major cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart failure and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Udali
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
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266
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Tijsen AJ, Pinto YM, Creemers EE. Circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1085-95. [PMID: 22942181 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00191.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cardiovascular disease is the identification of reliable clinical biomarkers that can be routinely measured in plasma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were recently discovered to circulate in the bloodstream in a remarkably stable form. Because of their stability and often tissue- and disease-specific expression and the possibility to measure them with high sensitivity and specificity, miRNAs are emerging as new diagnostic biomarkers. In this review we will provide an overview of the potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for a wide range of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, viral myocarditis, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges with regard to further validation in large patient cohorts, and we will discuss how the measurement of multiple miRNAs simultaneously might improve the accuracy of the diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J Tijsen
- Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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267
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Patnaik SK, Mallick R, Yendamuri S. MicroRNAs and esophageal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2012; 1:55-63. [PMID: 22811805 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2010.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the esophagus is a highly aggressive disease associated with an overall poor prognosis. There is an insistent need for improving our understanding of the molecular basis of this disease. The recent emergence of observations on the role of microRNAs in cancer and their potential as biomarkers has prompted many investigations to examine their relevance to esophageal cancer. This article provides an introduction to microRNA biology and the techniques involved in studying them, and summates what is now known about their role and utility in regard to neoplastic esophageal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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268
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Cheng Y, Wang X, Yang J, Duan X, Yao Y, Shi X, Chen Z, Fan Z, Liu X, Qin S, Tang X, Zhang C. A translational study of urine miRNAs in acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:668-76. [PMID: 22921780 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The currently used biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are blood creatinine phosphokinase-muscle band (CPK-MB), troponin-T (TnT), and troponin I (TnI). However, no good biomarkers are identified in urine after AMI, because these blood protein biomarkers are difficult to be filtered into urine. In this study, the role of urine microRNAs in the diagnosis of AMI and the mechanism involved were determined. We found that urine miR-1 was quickly increased in rats after AMI with peak at 24h after AMI, in which an over 50-fold increase was demonstrated. At 7 days after AMI, the urine miR-1 level was returned to the basal level. No miR-208 was found in normal urine. In urine from rats with AMI, miR-208 was easily detected. To determine the mechanism involved, we determined the levels of heart-released miR-1 in the liver, spleen and kidney after AMI in rats and found that the kidney was an important metabolic organ. To determine the renal elimination of blood miRNAs, we isolated serum exosomes from rats after AMI and injected these exosomes into the circulating blood of normal rats. We found that the urine miR-1 was significantly increased in exosome-injected animals. Moreover, PKH67-labeled exosomes injected into circulating blood could enter into the kidney tissues and cells, as well as urine. Furthermore, the levels of urine miR-1 were significantly increased in patients with AMI. The results suggest that urine miRNAs such as miR-1 could be novel urine biomarkers for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Cheng
- Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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269
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Zhu H, Fan GC. Whether Circulating miRNAs or miRNA-Carriers Serve as Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction. JOURNAL OF BIOMARKERS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2012; 1. [PMID: 25197685 DOI: 10.4172/jbdd.1000e103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a major cause of death in the US. An early and reliable diagnosis may warrant immediate initiation of reperfusion therapy to potentially improve the survival rate among the AMI patients. Currently, cardiac troponins (i.e. cTnT and cTnI) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) are widely used for AMI diagnosis. However, elevation of these biomarkers is also observed in human patients with myocarditis, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure and renal failure. Furthermore, measurable amounts of troponin proteins are usually not released from damaged myocardium before 4 to 8 h after onset of symptoms, making an early biomarker-based diagnosis of AMI rather difficult. Therefore, new biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of AMI are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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270
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Wang Z, Lu Y, Han J. Peripheral blood microRNAs: A novel tool for diagnosing disease? Intractable Rare Dis Res 2012; 1:98-102. [PMID: 25343080 PMCID: PMC4204598 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2012.v1.3.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, noncoding small RNAs present in blood. Because of their size, abundance, tissue specificity, and relative stability in peripheral circulation, they offer great promise of becoming a novel noninvasive biomarker. However, the mechanism by which they are secreted, their biological function, and the reason for the existence of extracellular miRNAs are largely unclear. This article describes advances in the study of the mechanism of origin and biological function of extracellular miRNAs along with approaches adopted by research and questions that remain. This work also discusses the potential for peripheral blood miRNAs to serve as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Wang
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jinxiang Han, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877 Jing-shi Road, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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271
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Krupp DR, Xu PT, Thomas S, Dellinger A, Etchevers HC, Vekemans M, Gilbert JR, Speer MC, Ashley-Koch AE, Gregory SG. Transcriptome profiling of genes involved in neural tube closure during human embryonic development using long serial analysis of gene expression (long-SAGE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:683-92. [PMID: 22806986 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common human birth defects with a complex etiology. To develop a comprehensive knowledge of the genes expressed during normal neurulation, we established transcriptomes from human neural tube fragments during and after neurulation using long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (long-SAGE). METHODS Rostral and caudal neural tubes were dissected from normal human embryos aged between 26 and 32 days of gestation. Tissues from the same region and Carnegie stage were pooled (n ≥ 4) and total RNA extracted to construct four long-SAGE libraries. Tags were mapped using the UniGene Homo sapiens 17 bp tag-to-gene best mapping set. Differentially expressed genes were identified by chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and validation was performed for a subset of those transcripts using in situ hybridization. In silico analyses were performed with BinGO and EXPANDER. RESULTS We observed most genes to be similarly regulated in rostral and caudal regions, but expression profiles differed during and after closure. In silico analysis found similar enrichments in both regions for biologic process terms, transcription factor binding and miRNA target motifs. Twelve genes potentially expressing alternate isoforms by region or developmental stage, and the microRNAs miR-339-5p, miR-141/200a, miR-23ab, and miR-129/129-5p are among several potential candidates identified here for future research. CONCLUSIONS Time appears to influence gene expression in the developing central nervous system more than location. These data provide a novel complement to traditional strategies of identifying genes associated with human NTDs and offer unique insight into the genes associated with normal human neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre R Krupp
- Center for Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Saikumar J, Hoffmann D, Kim TM, Gonzalez VR, Zhang Q, Goering PL, Brown RP, Bijol V, Park PJ, Waikar SS, Vaidya VS. Expression, circulation, and excretion profile of microRNA-21, -155, and -18a following acute kidney injury. Toxicol Sci 2012; 129:256-67. [PMID: 22705808 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that are involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. Using global miRNA expression profiling, we found miR-21, -155, and 18a to be highly upregulated in rat kidneys following tubular injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or gentamicin administration. Mir-21 and -155 also showed decreased expression patterns in blood and urinary supernatants in both models of kidney injury. Furthermore, urinary levels of miR-21 increased 1.2-fold in patients with clinical diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) (n = 22) as compared with healthy volunteers (n = 25) (p < 0.05), and miR-155 decreased 1.5-fold in patients with AKI (p < 0.01). We identified 29 messenger RNA core targets of these 3 miRNAs using the context likelihood of relatedness algorithm and found these predicted gene targets to be highly enriched for genes associated with apoptosis or cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that miRNA-21 and -155 could potentially serve as translational biomarkers for detection of AKI and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of kidney injury and tissue repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Saikumar
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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273
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Long G, Wang F, Duan Q, Chen F, Yang S, Gong W, Wang Y, Chen C, Wang DW. Human circulating microRNA-1 and microRNA-126 as potential novel indicators for acute myocardial infarction. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:811-8. [PMID: 22719221 PMCID: PMC3372885 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating miRNAs have been shown as promising biomarkers for various pathologic conditions. The aim of this study was to clarify that circulating miR-1 and miR-126 in human plasma might be useful as biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In our study, after pre-test, two candidate miRNAs were detected by using real-time RT-PCR. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations were measured by ELISA assay in plasma from patients with AMI (n=17) and healthy subjects (n=25), simultaneously. Increased miR-1 and decreased miR-126 in plasma from patients with AMI after the onset of symptoms compared with healthy subjects were found. A remarkable finding in this study is that miR-1, miR-126 and cTnI expression levels exhibited the same trend. Our results suggest that the plasma concentrations of miR-1 and miR-126 may be useful indicators for AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Long
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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274
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Weiland M, Gao XH, Zhou L, Mi QS. Small RNAs have a large impact: circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for human diseases. RNA Biol 2012; 9:850-9. [PMID: 22699556 DOI: 10.4161/rna.20378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), are a class of small single stranded noncoding RNAs that function through translational repression of specific target mRNAs. miRNAs exhibit a wide range of involvement regulating gene expressions. miRNA expression dysregulated in cancer cells and damaged tissues from different diseases implicates a functional role of miRNAs in the disease development. More recently miRNAs have been detected in cell-free serum, and these circulating miRNAs can distinguish diseased individuals from healthy controls. The noninvasive nature of circulating miRNA collection and their sensitivity and specificity in diseases has encouraged a pursuit of miRNA biomarker research. As a result, approximately 100 circulating miRNAs have been identified as biomarkers for different diseases, and the number is growing. Here we review recently reported circulating miRNA biomarkers and discuss their values and challenges for the disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Weiland
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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275
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Mikaelian I, Scicchitano M, Mendes O, Thomas RA, Leroy BE. Frontiers in preclinical safety biomarkers: microRNAs and messenger RNAs. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 41:18-31. [PMID: 22659243 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312448939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is the most recent effort to identify novel biomarkers in preclinical safety. These genomic markers often display tissue-specific expression, may be released from the tissues into the plasma during toxic events, change early and with high magnitude in tissues and in the blood during specific organ toxicities, and can be measured using multiplex formats. Their validation as biomarkers has been challenged by the technical difficulties. In particular, the concentration of miRNAs in the plasma depends on contamination by miRNAs originating from blood cells and platelets, and the relative fraction of miRNAs in complexes with Argonaute 2, high-density lipoproteins, and in exosomes and microvesicles. In spite of these hurdles, considerable progress has recently been made in assessing the potential value of miRNAs in the clinic, especially in cancer patients and cardiovascular diseases. The future of miRNAs and mRNAs as biomarkers of disease and organ toxicity depends on our ability to characterize their kinetics and to establish robust collection and measurement methods. This review covers the basic biology of miRNAs and the published literature on the use of miRNAs and mRNAs as biomarkers of specific target organ toxicity.
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276
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Zampetaki A, Mayr M. Analytical challenges and technical limitations in assessing circulating miRNAs. Thromb Haemost 2012; 108:592-8. [PMID: 22627831 DOI: 10.1160/th12-02-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are emerging as promising biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases and may constitute a novel mechanism of intercellular communication. Accurate quantification of circulating miRNAs is essential. A variety of technological approaches and platforms have been developed with increased sensitivity and specificity for the detection and quantification of circulating miRNAs. In this review, we focus on the technical aspects and discuss the analytical challenges in profiling circulating miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zampetaki
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
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277
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Sun X, Icli B, Wara AK, Belkin N, He S, Kobzik L, Hunninghake GM, Vera MP, Blackwell TS, Baron RM, Feinberg MW. MicroRNA-181b regulates NF-κB-mediated vascular inflammation. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1973-90. [PMID: 22622040 DOI: 10.1172/jci61495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EC activation and dysfunction have been linked to a variety of vascular inflammatory disease states. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in vascular EC activation and inflammation remains poorly understood. Herein, we report that microRNA-181b (miR-181b) serves as a potent regulator of downstream NF-κB signaling in the vascular endothelium by targeting importin-α3, a protein that is required for nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Overexpression of miR-181b inhibited importin-α3 expression and an enriched set of NF-κB-responsive genes such as adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin in ECs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, treatment of mice with proinflammatory stimuli reduced miR-181b expression. Rescue of miR-181b levels by systemic administration of miR-181b "mimics" reduced downstream NF-κB signaling and leukocyte influx in the vascular endothelium and decreased lung injury and mortality in endotoxemic mice. In contrast, miR-181b inhibition exacerbated endotoxin-induced NF-κB activity, leukocyte influx, and lung injury. Finally, we observed that critically ill patients with sepsis had reduced levels of miR-181b compared with control intensive care unit (ICU) subjects. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that miR-181b regulates NF-κB-mediated EC activation and vascular inflammation in response to proinflammatory stimuli and that rescue of miR-181b expression could provide a new target for antiinflammatory therapy and critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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278
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Su YW, Chen X, Jiang ZZ, Wang T, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wen J, Xue M, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Su YJ, Xing TY, Zhang CY, Zhang LY. A panel of serum microRNAs as specific biomarkers for diagnosis of compound- and herb-induced liver injury in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37395. [PMID: 22624025 PMCID: PMC3356255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been a public, economic and pharmaceutical issue for many years. Enormous effort has been made for discovering and developing novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring both clinical and preclinical DILI at an early stage, though progress has been relatively slow. Additionally, herb-induced liver injury is an emerging cause of liver disease because herbal medicines are increasingly being used worldwide. Recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown potential to serve as novel, minimally invasive biomarkers to diagnose and monitor human cancers and other diseases at early stages. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to identify candidate miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for DILI, miRNA expression profiles of serum and liver tissue from two parallel liver injury Sprague-Dawley rat models induced by a compound (acetaminophen, APAP) or an herb (Dioscorea bulbifera, DB) were screened in this study. The initial screens were performed on serum using a MicroRNA TaqMan low-density qPCR array and on liver tissue using a miRCURY LNA hybridization array and were followed by a TaqMan probe-based quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay to validate comparison with serum biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. Two sets of dysregulated miRNA candidates in serum and liver tissue were selected in the screening phase. After qRT-PCR validation, a panel of compound- and herb- related serum miRNAs was identified. Conclusions/Significance We have demonstrated that this panel of serum miRNAs provides potential biomarkers for diagnosis of DILI with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tong-Yue Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (L-YZ); (C-YZ)
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail: (L-YZ); (C-YZ)
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279
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Huang Y, Dai Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Li D, Cheng J, Lu Y, Ma K, Tan L, Xue F, Qin B. Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for smoking-related interstitial fibrosis. Biomarkers 2012; 17:435-40. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.680611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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280
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Rainer PP, Doleschal B, Kirk JA, Sivakumaran V, Saad Z, Groschner K, Maechler H, Hoefler G, Bauernhofer T, Samonigg H, Hutterer G, Kass DA, Pieske B, von Lewinski D, Pichler M. Sunitinib causes dose-dependent negative functional effects on myocardium and cardiomyocytes. BJU Int 2012; 110:1455-62. [PMID: 22508007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the acute effects of sunitinib on inotropic function, intracellular Ca(2+) transients, myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human multicellular myocardium and isolated mouse cardiomyocytes. To search for microRNAs as suitable biomarkers for indicating toxic cardiac effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS After exposure to sunitinib (0.1-10 µg/mL) developed force, diastolic tension and kinetic variables were assessed in isolated human myocardium. Changes in myocyte sarcomere length, whole-cell calcium transients, myofilament force-Ca(2+) relationship, and ROS generation were examined in isolated ventricular mouse cardiomyocytes. Microarray and realtime-PCR were used to screen for differentially expressed microRNAs in cultured cardiomyocytes that were exposed for 24 h to sunitinib. RESULTS We found that higher concentrations of sunitinib (1 and 10 µg/mL) decreased developed force at 30 minutes 76.9 + 2.8 and 54.5 + 6.3%, compared to 96.1 + 2.6% in controls (P < 0.01). Sunitinib exposure significantly decreased sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transients. Myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity was not altered, while ROS levels were significantly increased after exposure to the drug. MicroRNA expression patterns were not altered by sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib elicits a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect in myocardium, accompanied by a decline in intracellular Ca(2+) and increased ROS generation. In clinical practice, these cardiotoxic effects should be considered in cases where cardiac concentrations of sunitinib could be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
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281
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Li H, Huang S, Guo C, Guan H, Xiong C. Cell-free seminal mRNA and microRNA exist in different forms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34566. [PMID: 22506029 PMCID: PMC3323549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The great interest in cell-free mRNA, microRNA (miRNA) as molecular biomarkers for clinical applications, and as 'signaling' molecules for intercellular communication highlights the need to reveal their physical nature. Here this issue was explored in human cell-free seminal mRNA (cfs-mRNA) and miRNA (cfs-miRNA). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Selected male reproductive organ-specific mRNAs, miRNAs, and piRNAs were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR in all experiments. While the stability of cfs-miRNA assessed by time-course analysis (up to 24 h at room temperature) was similar with cfs-mRNA, the reductive changes between cfs-miRNA and cfs-mRNA after filtration and Triton X-100 treatment on seminal plasma were very different, implying their different physical nature. Seminal microvesicles (SMVs) were then recovered and proportions of cfs-mRNA and cfs-miRNA within SMVs were quantified. The amounts of SMVs- sequestered cfs-mRNAs almost were the same as total cfs-mRNA, and were highly variable depending on the different sizes of SMVs. But most of cfs-miRNA was independent of SMVs and existed in the supernatant. The possible form of cfs-miRNA in the supernatant was further explored by filtration and protease K digestion. It passed through the 0.10-µm pore, but was degraded dramatically after intense protease K digestion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The predominant cfs-mRNA is contained in SMVs, while most cfs-miRNA is bound with protein complexes. Our data explained the stability of extracellular RNAs in human semen, and shed light on their origins and potential functions in male reproduction, and strategy of developing them as biomarkers of male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyun Huang
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Family Planning Department, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, the Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Guo
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huangtao Guan
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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282
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Koturbash I, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Role of microRNAs in the regulation of drug metabolizing and transporting genes and the response to environmental toxicants. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:597-606. [PMID: 22435483 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.673587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a family of short non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Rapidly growing evidence indicates that miRNAs play a key role in drug (xenobiotic) metabolism. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of drug (xenobiotic) metabolizing genes and the cellular responses to exposure to exogenous toxicants. The literature search was performed using the PubMed database (up to March 2012). EXPERT OPINION miRNAs play a major role in control of the proper functioning of the cellular drug metabolizing system. Emerging evidence indicates that exposure to environmental and occupational toxicants and therapeutic drugs may alter the expression of miRNAs, including those that regulate the expression of drug metabolizing genes. This suggests that drug-induced (xenobiotic-induced) miRNA abnormalities may be one of the underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of exposure-related pathologies, and that miRNAs may be potential non-invasive biomarkers of exposure and indicators of the severity of tissue injury induced by toxicants. Also, the evaluation of the expression of miRNAs may be applied for the chemical and drug safety assessment. Additionally, differences in the expression of miRNAs that target drug metabolizing genes may be important determinants for inter-individual differences in sensitivity to toxicants and can serve as critical biomarkers for identifying subpopulations sensitive to exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Koturbash
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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283
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Chen X, Liang H, Zhang J, Zen K, Zhang CY. Secreted microRNAs: a new form of intercellular communication. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:125-32. [PMID: 22260888 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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284
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Olivieri F, Antonicelli R, Lorenzi M, D'Alessandra Y, Lazzarini R, Santini G, Spazzafumo L, Lisa R, La Sala L, Galeazzi R, Recchioni R, Testa R, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Procopio AD. Diagnostic potential of circulating miR-499-5p in elderly patients with acute non ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:531-6. [PMID: 22330002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric patients with acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) can frequently present atypical symptoms and non-diagnostic electrocardiogram. The detection of modest cardiac troponin T (cTnT) elevation is challenging for physicians needing to routinely triage these patients. Unfortunately, non-coronary diseases, such as acute heart failure (CHF), may cause cTnT elevation. Circulating microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as biomarkers of MI. However, their diagnostic potential needs to be determined in elderly NSTEMI patients. METHODS 92 NSTEMI patients (82.6 ± 6.9 years old; complicated by CHF in 74% of cases) and 81 patients with acute CHF without AMI (81.3 ± 6.8 years old) were enrolled at presentation. A third group comprised 99 age-matched healthy control subjects (CTR). Plasma levels of miR-1, -21, -133a, -208a, -423-5p and -499-5p were analyzed. RESULTS MiR-1, -21 -133a and -423-5p showed a 3- to 10-fold increase and miR-499-5p exhibited >80-fold increase in acute NSTEMI patient vs. CTR. MiR-499-5p and -21 showed a significantly increased expression in NSTEMI vs. CHF. Interestingly, mir-499-5p was comparable to cTnT in discriminating NSTEMI vs. CTR and CHF patients. Its diagnostic accuracy was higher than conventional and hs-cTnT in differentiating NSTEMI (n=31) vs. acute CHF (n=32) patients with modest cTnT elevation at presentation (miR-499-5p AUC=0.86 vs. cTnT AUC=0.68 and vs. hs-cTnT AUC=0.70). CONCLUSIONS Circulating miR-499-5p is a sensitive biomarker of acute NSTEMI in the elderly, exhibiting a diagnostic accuracy superior to that of cTnT in patients with modest elevation at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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285
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Mi QS, Weiland M, Qi RQ, Gao XH, Poisson LM, Zhou L. Identification of mouse serum miRNA endogenous references by global gene expression profiles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31278. [PMID: 22348064 PMCID: PMC3277497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered small non-coding RNAs and can serve as serum biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognoses. Lack of reliable serum miRNA endogenous references for normalization in miRNA gene expression makes single miRNA assays inaccurate. Using TaqMan® real-time PCR miRNA arrays with a global gene expression normalization strategy, we have analyzed serum miRNA expression profiles of 20 female mice of NOD/ShiLtJ (n = 8), NOR/LtJ (n = 6), and C57BL/6J (n = 6) at different ages and disease conditions. We identified five miRNAs, miR-146a, miR-16, miR-195, miR-30e and miR-744, to be stably expressed in all strains, which could serve as mouse serum miRNA endogenous references for single assay experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Sheng Mi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QSM); (LZ)
| | - Matthew Weiland
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, No 1 Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No 1 Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Laila M. Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Li Zhou
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QSM); (LZ)
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286
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Horizontal transfer of microRNAs: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Protein Cell 2012; 3:28-37. [PMID: 22314808 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of RNA regulatory genes known as microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found to introduce a whole new layer of gene regulation in eukaryotes. The intensive studies of the past several years have demonstrated that miRNAs are not only found intracellularly, but are also detectable outside cells, including in various body fluids (e.g. serum, plasma, saliva, urine and milk). This phenomenon raises questions about the biological function of such extracellular miRNAs. Substantial amounts of extracellular miRNAs are enclosed in small membranous vesicles (e.g. exosomes, shedding vesicles and apoptotic bodies) or packaged with RNA-binding proteins (e.g. high-density lipoprotein, Argonaute 2 and nucleophosmin 1). These miRNAs may function as secreted signaling molecules to influence the recipient cell phenotypes. Furthermore, secreted extracellular miRNAs may reflect molecular changes in the cells from which they are derived and can therefore potentially serve as diagnostic indicators of disease. Several studies also point to the potential application of siRNA/miRNA delivery as a new therapeutic strategy for treating diseases. In this review, we summarize what is known about the mechanism of miRNA secretion. In addition, we describe the pathophysiological roles of secreted miRNAs and their clinical potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic drugs. We believe that miRNA transfer between cells will have a significant impact on biological research in the coming years.
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287
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Abstract
In the past few years, the crucial role of different micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in the cardiovascular system has been widely recognized. Recently, it was discovered that extracellular miRNAs circulate in the bloodstream and that such circulating miRNAs are remarkably stable. This has raised the possibility that miRNAs may be probed in the circulation and can serve as novel diagnostic markers. Although the precise cellular release mechanisms of miRNAs remain largely unknown, the first studies revealed that these circulating miRNAs may be delivered to recipient cells, where they can regulate translation of target genes. In this review, we will discuss the nature of the stability of miRNAs that circulate in the bloodstream and discuss the available evidence regarding the possible function of these circulating miRNAs in distant cell-to-cell communication. Furthermore, we summarize and discuss the usefulness of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for a wide range of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther E. Creemers
- From the Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke J. Tijsen
- From the Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yigal M. Pinto
- From the Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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288
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Fichtlscherer S, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Circulating microRNAs: biomarkers or mediators of cardiovascular diseases? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 31:2383-90. [PMID: 22011751 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.226696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally control gene expression by inhibiting protein translation or inducing target mRNA destabilization. Besides their intracellular function, recent studies demonstrate that miRs can be exported or released by cells and circulate with the blood in a remarkably stable form. The discovery of circulating miRs opens up intriguing possibilities to use the circulating miR patterns as biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac injury as it occurs after acute myocardial infarction increases the circulating levels of several myocardial-derived miRs (eg, miR-1, miR-133, miR-499, miR-208), whereas patients with coronary artery disease or diabetes showed reduced levels of endothelial-enriched miRs, such as miR-126. This review article summarizes the current clinical and experimental studies addressing the role of circulating miRs as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in cardiovascular disease. In addition, the mechanisms by which miRs are released and their putative function as long-distance communicators are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fichtlscherer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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289
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Devaux Y, Vausort M, Goretti E, Nazarov PV, Azuaje F, Gilson G, Corsten MF, Schroen B, Lair ML, Heymans S, Wagner DR. Use of circulating microRNAs to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem 2012; 58:559-67. [PMID: 22252325 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid and correct diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) has an important impact on patient treatment and prognosis. We compared the diagnostic performance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and cardiac enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with MI. METHODS Circulating concentrations of cardiac-enriched miR-208b and miR-499 were measured by quantitative PCR in a case-control study of 510 MI patients referred for primary mechanical reperfusion and 87 healthy controls. RESULTS miRNA-208b and miR-499 were highly increased in MI patients (>10(5)-fold, P < 0.001) and nearly undetectable in healthy controls. Patients with ST-elevation MI (n= 397) had higher miRNA concentrations than patients with non-ST-elevation MI (n = 113) (P < 0.001). Both miRNAs correlated with peak concentrations of creatine kinase and cTnT (P < 10(-9)). miRNAs and hs-cTnT were already detectable in the plasma 1 h after onset of chest pain. In patients who presented <3 h after onset of pain, miR-499 was positive in 93% of patients and hs-cTnT in 88% of patients (P= 0.78). Overall, miR-499 and hs-cTnT provided comparable diagnostic value with areas under the ROC curves of 0.97. The reclassification index of miR-499 to a clinical model including several risk factors and hs-cTnT was not significant (P = 0.15). CONCLUSION Circulating miRNAs are powerful markers of acute MI. Their usefulness in the establishment of a rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute MI remains to be determined in unselected populations of patients with acute chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Devaux
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public, Santé, Luxembourg
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290
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Circulating microRNAs involved in multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6219-25. [PMID: 22231906 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. After traumatic brain injury, it is the leading cause of neurology disability in young adults. Considerable advances have been made in identifying genes involved in MS but the genetic and phenotypic complexity associated with this disease significantly hinders any progress. A novel class of small RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) has acquired much attention because they regulate the expression of up to 30% of protein-coding genes and may play a pivotal role in the development of many, if not all, complex diseases. Seven published studies investigated miRNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4+, CD8+ T cell, B lymphocytes, peripheral blood leukocytes, whole blood and brain astrocytes with MS risk. The absence of MS studies investigating plasma miRNA prompted the current investigation of identifying a circulating miRNA signature in MS. We conducted a microarray analysis of over 900 known miRNA transcripts from plasma samples collected from four MS individuals and four sex-aged and ethnicity matched healthy controls. We identified six plasma miRNA (miR-614, miR-572, miR-648, miR-1826, miR-422a and miR-22) that were significantly up-regulated and one plasma miRNA (miR-1979) that was significantly down-regulated in MS individuals. Both miR-422a and miR-22 have previously been implicated in MS. The present study is the first to show a circulating miRNA signature involved in MS that could serve as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for MS.
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291
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Cardinal roles of miRNA in cardiac development and disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 54:1113-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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292
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Taubenschmid J, Weitzer G. Mechanisms of cardiogenesis in cardiovascular progenitor cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 293:195-267. [PMID: 22251563 PMCID: PMC7615846 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394304-0.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing cells of the vertebrate heart have become a major subject of interest in the past decade. However, many researchers had a hard time to argue against the orthodox textbook view that defines the heart as a postmitotic organ. Once the scientific community agreed on the existence of self-renewing cells in the vertebrate heart, their origin was again put on trial when transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming could no longer be excluded as potential sources of self-renewal in the adult organ. Additionally, the presence of self-renewing pluripotent cells in the peripheral blood challenges the concept of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells. Leaving these unsolved problems aside, it seems very desirable to learn about the basic biology of this unique cell type. Thus, we shall here paint a picture of cardiovascular progenitor cells including the current knowledge about their origin, basic nature, and the molecular mechanisms guiding proliferation and differentiation into somatic cells of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Taubenschmid
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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293
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Qi P, Cheng SQ, Wang H, Li N, Chen YF, Gao CF. Serum microRNAs as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28486. [PMID: 22174818 PMCID: PMC3234251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to anticipate great cancer diagnostic potential. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been reported as promising biomarkers for various pathologic conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of serum miRNAs as novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methodology/Principal Findings This study was divided into four phases: (I) Ten candidate serum miRNAs were detected by using real-time RT-PCR, corresponding 10 HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. (II) Marker validation by real-time RT-PCR on HBV patients with (n = 48) or without HCC (n = 48), and healthy subjects (n = 24). (III) Marker detection by real-time RT-PCR in sera from another 14 HCC patients before and 1 month after surgical resection. (IV) We examined the correlation between the expressions of candidate serum miRNAs with clinical parameters of HCC patients. Although miR-222, miR-223 or miR-21 were significantly up- or down-regulated between HCC patients and healthy controls, no significant difference was observed in the levels of these miRNAs between HBV patients without and with HCC. MiR-122 in serum was significantly higher in HCC patients than healthy controls (p<0.001). More importantly, it was found that the levels of miR-122 were significantly reduced in the post-operative serum samples when compared to the pre-operative samples. Although serum miR-122 was also elevated in HBV patients with HCC comparing with those without HCC, the difference was at the border line (p = 0.043). Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that serum miR-122 might serve as a novel and potential noninvasive biomarker for detection of HCC in healthy subjects, moreover, it might serve as a novel biomarker for liver injury but not specifically for detection of HCC in chronic HBV infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-qun Cheng
- Department of Oncology Comprehensive Treatment, Second Military Medical University, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oncology Comprehensive Treatment, Second Military Medical University, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-feng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-fang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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294
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Xu J, Zhao J, Evan G, Xiao C, Cheng Y, Xiao J. Circulating microRNAs: novel biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 90:865-75. [PMID: 22159451 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation followed by protein synthesis repression. Many miRNAs are expressed in a tissue- and/or cell-specific manner and their expression patterns are reflective of underlying patho-physiologic processes. miRNAs can be detected in serum or in plasma in a remarkably stable form, making them attractive biomarkers for human diseases. This review describes the progress of identifying circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for diverse cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery disease, diabetes, stroke, essential hypertension, and acute pulmonary embolism. In addition, the origin and function and the different strategies to identify circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases are also discussed. Rarely has an opportunity arisen to advance such new biology for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
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295
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Faragó N, Zvara A, Varga Z, Ferdinandy P, Puskás LG. Purification of high-quality micro RNA from the heart tissue. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2011; 62:413-25. [PMID: 22119870 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.62.2011.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNA) are an abundant class of small RNAs that regulate the stability and translation of cognate mRNAs. MiRNAs are potential diagnostic markers, moreover, they play an essential role in the development of various heart disesases. In case of limited tissue material, such as, e.g. human biopsies, purification of miRNAs with sufficient yield is critical. Reproducible expression analysis of miRNAs is highly dependent on the quality of the RNA, which is often difficult to achieve from fibrous tissue such as the heart. Several companies developed general purification kits for miRNAs, however, none of them are specialized to fibrotic tissues. Here we describe an optimized miRNA purification protocol that results in high miRNA yield as compared to other methods including trizol-based and column-based protocols. By using our improved protocol, miRNA obtained from heart tissue gave more reproducible results in QRT-PCR analysis and obtained more significant calls (172 vs. 118) during DNA microarray analysis when compared to the commercially available kit. In addition to the heart tissue, the present protocol can be applied to other fibrotic tissues, such as lung or skeletal muscle to isolate high-purity miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Faragó
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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296
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Goren Y, Kushnir M, Zafrir B, Tabak S, Lewis BS, Amir O. Serum levels of microRNAs in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2011; 14:147-54. [PMID: 22120965 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with heart failure remain a challenge. The small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs regulate gene expression and seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. In the current study, we aim to characterize the levels of microRNAs in the sera of chronic systolic heart failure patients vs. controls and assess the possible correlation between elevation in the levels of specific microRNAs and clinical prognostic parameters in heart failure patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The levels of 186 microRNAs were measured in the sera of 30 stable chronic systolic heart failure patients and 30 controls using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The differences in microRNA levels between the two groups were characterized, and a score, based on the levels of four specific microRNAs with the most significant increase in the heart failure group (miR-423-5p, miR-320a, miR-22, and miR-92b), was defined. The score was used to discriminate heart failure patients from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 90%. Moreover, in the heart failure group, there was a significant association between the score and important clinical prognostic parameters such as elevated serum natriuretic peptide levels, a wide QRS, and dilatation of the left ventricle and left atrium (r = 0.63, P = 3e-4; P = 0.009; P = 0.03; and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum levels of specific microRNAs: miR-423-5p, miR-320a, miR-22, and miR-92b, identify systolic heart failure patients and correlate with important clinical prognostic parameters.
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297
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Ge Y, Xiao L, Chen X, Peng Y, Sun L, Liu F. MicroRNAs in peritoneal dialysis effluent are promising biomarkers for peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:155-6. [PMID: 22056978 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a common complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis, and contributes to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and eventually peritoneal ultrafiltration failure, which restricts the wide application of peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of peritoneal fibrosis is important to maintain peritoneal membrane integrity and prolong peritoneal dialysis treatment. Unfortunately, neither specific biomarkers nor effective therapies are available for peritoneal fibrosis in the clinic up to now. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular microRNAs in body fluids are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of diseases. microRNAs were reported to be involved in multiple fibrotic diseases and the serum levels of specific microRNAs were correlated with the degree of fibrosis. Moreover, extracellular microRNAs were found in peritoneal fluids and ascites. Based on these findings, here we present our hypothesis that extracellular microRNAs associated with peritoneal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis could potentially be detected in peritoneal dialysis effluent, and serve as novel biomarkers for early assessment and diagnosis of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Department of Nephropathy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, PR China
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298
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Zampetaki A, Willeit P, Drozdov I, Kiechl S, Mayr M. Profiling of circulating microRNAs: from single biomarkers to re-wired networks. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:555-62. [PMID: 22028337 PMCID: PMC3291086 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery that microRNAs (miRNAs) are present in the circulation sparked interest in their use as potential biomarkers. In this review, we will summarize the latest findings on circulating miRNAs and cardiovascular disease but also discuss analytical challenges. While research on circulating miRNAs is still in its infancy, high analytical standards in statistics and study design are a prerequisite to obtain robust data and avoid repeating the mistakes of the early genetic association studies. Otherwise, studies tend to get published because of their novelty despite low numbers, poorly matched cases and controls and no multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors. Research on circulating miRNAs can only progress by bringing more statistical rigour to bear in this field and by evaluating changes of individual miRNAs in the context of the overall miRNA network. Such miRNA signatures may have better diagnostic and prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zampetaki
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King' s College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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299
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Wang LG, Gu J. Serum microRNA-29a is a promising novel marker for early detection of colorectal liver metastasis. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 36:e61-7. [PMID: 22018950 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis occurs in various organs, most frequently in liver. Serological examination including tumor and biochemical markers for liver function evaluation is routinely performed, though its accuracy is not high. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of human diseases including cancer, and have many characteristics of an ideal biomarker most notably their inherent stability and resilience. Recently, several studies have indicated that circulating miRNAs hold much potential as novel noninvasive biomarkers for cancer and other disease processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of serum miRNAs as novel biomarkers for CRC with liver metastasis. METHODS This study was divided into three phases: (I) 3 candidate serum miRNAs were detected by using real-time RT-PCR, corresponding 38 CRC patients with liver metastasis and 36 CRC patients without metastasis. (II) Marker validation by real-time RT-PCR on a similar cohort of age- and sex-matched CRC patients without (n=20) and with liver metastasis (n=20). (III) We examined the correlation between the expressions of candidate serum miRNAs with clinical parameters of CRC patients. RESULTS Serum miR-29a was significantly higher in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) patients than in CRC patients. This marker yielded a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 80.3%. At a cutoff value of 0.155, the sensitivity was 75% and the specificity was 75% in discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic patients. In addition, increased levels of miR-29a expression were also observed in colorectal tumors from CRLM patients compared with CRC patients. No significant difference was observed in the levels of serum miR-92a between metastatic and non-metastatic patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that serum miR-29a has strong potential as a novel noninvasive biomarker for early detection of CRC with liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Gang Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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300
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Platelets in patients with premature coronary artery disease exhibit upregulation of miRNA340* and miRNA624*. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25946. [PMID: 22022480 PMCID: PMC3192762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, underscoring the need to improve diagnostic strategies. Platelets play a major role, not only in the process of acute thrombosis during plaque rupture, but also in the formation of atherosclerosis itself. MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression and are expressed in a tissue and disease-specific manner. Therefore they have been proposed to be useful biomarkers. It remains unknown whether differences in miRNA expression levels in platelets can be found between patients with premature CAD and healthy controls. Methodology/Principal Findings In this case-control study we measured relative expression levels of platelet miRNAs using microarrays from 12 patients with premature CAD and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Six platelet microRNAs were significantly upregulated (miR340*, miR451, miR454*, miR545:9.1. miR615-5p and miR624*) and one miRNA (miR1280) was significantly downregulated in patients with CAD as compared to healthy controls. To validate these results, we measured the expression levels of these candidate miRNAs by qRT-PCR in platelets of individuals from two independent cohorts; validation cohort I consisted of 40 patients with premature CAD and 40 healthy controls and validation cohort II consisted of 27 patients with artery disease and 40 healthy relatives. MiR340* and miR624* were confirmed to be upregulated in patients with CAD as compared to healthy controls in both validation cohorts. Conclusion/Significance Two miRNAs in platelets are significantly upregulated in patients with CAD as compared to healthy controls. Whether the two identified miRNAs can be used as biomarkers and whether they are cause or consequence of the disease remains to be elucidated in a larger prospective study.
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