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Naturally Occurring Nrf2 Activators: Potential in Treatment of Liver Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3453926. [PMID: 28101296 PMCID: PMC5215260 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3453926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in acute and chronic liver injury. In hepatocytes, oxidative stress frequently triggers antioxidant response by activating nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, which upregulates various cytoprotective genes. Thus, Nrf2 is considered a potential therapeutic target to halt liver injury. Several studies indicate that activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway ameliorates liver injury. The hepatoprotective potential of naturally occurring compounds has been investigated in various models of liver injuries. In this review, we comprehensively appraise various phytochemicals that have been assessed for their potential to halt acute and chronic liver injury by enhancing the activation of Nrf2 and have the potential for use in humans.
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252
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Zeman M, Vecka M, Perlík F, Staňková B, Hromádka R, Tvrzická E, Širc J, Hrib J, Žák A. Pleiotropic effects of niacin: Current possibilities for its clinical use. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2016; 66:449-469. [PMID: 27749252 DOI: 10.1515/acph-2016-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Niacin was the first hypolipidemic drug to significantly reduce both major cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Niacin favorably influences all lipoprotein classes, including lipoprotein[a],and belongs to the most potent hypolipidemic drugs for increasing HDL-C. Moreover, niacin causes favorable changes to the qualitative composition of lipoprotein HDL. In addition to its pronounced hypolipidemic action, niacin exerts many other, non-hypolipidemic effects (e.g., antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic), which favorably influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis. These effects are dependent on activation of the specific receptor HCA2. Recent results published by the two large clinical studies, AIM-HIGH and HPS2-THRIVE, have led to the impugnation of niacin's role in future clinical practice. However, due to several methodological flaws in the AIM-HIGH and HPS2-THRIVE studies, the pleiotropic effects of niacin now deserve thorough evaluation. This review summarizes the present and possible future use of niacin in clinical practice in light of its newly recognized pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Zeman
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Perlík
- Institute of Pharmacology, 1st Faculty of MedicineCharles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robert Hromádka
- Research and Development Center, C2P s.r.o., Chlumec/n Cidlinou, Czechia
| | - Eva Tvrzická
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Širc
- Institute of Macromolecular, Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Hrib
- Institute of Macromolecular, Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czechia
| | - Aleš Žák
- 4th Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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253
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Reis JF, Monteiro VVS, de Souza Gomes R, do Carmo MM, da Costa GV, Ribera PC, Monteiro MC. Action mechanism and cardiovascular effect of anthocyanins: a systematic review of animal and human studies. J Transl Med 2016; 14:315. [PMID: 27846846 PMCID: PMC5111351 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these polyphenols have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles as well as decreased comorbidities. Human intervention studies using berries, vegetables, parts of plants and cereals (either fresh or as juice) or purified anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoproteins oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, and dyslipidemia as well as reduced levels of CVD molecular biomarkers. This review discusses the use of anthocyanins in animal models and their applications in human medicine, as dietary supplements or as new potent drugs against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Ferreira Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaelli de Souza Gomes
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Moraes do Carmo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Glauber Vilhena da Costa
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Paula Cardoso Ribera
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pharmaceutical Science Post-Graduation Program, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará/UFPA, Belém, PA, 66075900, Brazil.
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254
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Fan J, Liu D, He C, Li X, He F. Inhibiting adhesion events by Panax notoginseng saponins and Ginsenoside Rb1 protecting arteries via activation of Nrf2 and suppression of p38 - VCAM-1 signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:423-430. [PMID: 27620662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and Korea, have witnessed a history of more than 1000 years of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen's application as a famous traditional medicine for cardiovascular diseases (Zhou et al., 2004). The use of Panax notoginseng (Sanqi) was first recorded in "Bencao Gangmu", which was written by Li Shizhen, a Chinese pharmacologist of the MING dynasty, in 1578. It is included in "The Plant List" as one species of genus Panax (family Araliaceae). Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the major active ingredients extracted from Panax notoginseng. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated whether PNS and the active constituent Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits adhesion events by regulating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) - p38 - vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AS model rats were treated once daily with PNS (100mg/kg, i.p.) or Rb1 (40mg/kg, i.p.), and pathological changes in the aortas were observed by electron microscopy and Sudan IV staining. The serum levels of NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and TNF-α were measured. Upon treatment with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress, cell viability and LDH levels were measured after cells were cultured with PNS or Rb1. oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced VCAM-1 and p38 protein expression and THP1 cell adhesion to ECs were assessed after treatment with PNS or Rb1. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of its target protein heme oxygenase (HO)-1 were observed in the respective presence of PNS or Rb1. RESULTS Upon treatment with PNS or Rb1, pathological changes observed in the aortas of AS model rats were alleviated, and an increase in serum levels of NO and SOD and a decrease in TNF-α levels were observed. In vitro treatment with PNS or Rb1 protected endothelial cells (ECs) from H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity, suppressed oxLDL-induced p38 and VCAM-1 protein expression and inhibited THP1 cell adhesion to ECs. Finally, PNS and Rb1 treatment functionally activated Nrf2 in ECs. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2, an EC protective system, suppresses monocyte adhesion events via the inhibition of the ROS - TNF-α - p38 - VCAM-1 pathway following treatment with PNS, with Rb1 specifically playing an important role among PNS active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Danning Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Cuiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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255
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Zhang R, Xu M, Wang Y, Xie F, Zhang G, Qin X. Nrf2—a Promising Therapeutic Target for Defensing Against Oxidative Stress in Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6006-6017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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256
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Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media ameliorate diabetic endothelial dysfunction by improving mitochondrial bioenergetics via the Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2181-2198. [PMID: 27613156 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vasculopathy is a major complication of diabetes. Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis due to oxidative stress are a critical causal factor for diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Sirt1, an NAD+-dependent enzyme, is known to play an important protective role through deacetylation of many substrates involved in oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species generation. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has emerged as a promising cell-free therapy due to the trophic actions of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted molecules. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of MSC-CMs in diabetic endothelial dysfunction, focusing on the Sirt1 signalling pathway and the relevance to mitochondrial function. We found that high glucose-stimulated MSC-CM attenuated several glucotoxicity-induced processes, oxidative stress and apoptosis of endothelial cells of the human umbilical vein. MSC-CM perfusion in diabetic rats ameliorated compromised aortic vasodilatation and alleviated oxidative stress in aortas. We further demonstrated that these effects were dependent on improved mitochondrial function and up-regulation of Sirt1 expression. MSC-CMs activated the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), leading to direct interaction between Akt and Sirt1, and subsequently enhanced Sirt1 expression. In addition, both MSC-CM and Sirt1 activation could increase the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), as well as increase the mRNA expression of its downstream, mitochondrial, biogenesis-related genes. This indirect regulation was mediated by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Overall our findings indicated that MSC-CM had protective effects on endothelial cells, with respect to glucotoxicity, by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction via the PI3K/Akt/Sirt1 pathway, and Sirt1 potentiated mitochondrial biogenesis, through the Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.
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257
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Melatonin promotes blood-brain barrier integrity in methamphetamine-induced inflammation in primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Brain Res 2016; 1646:182-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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258
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Agabiti-Rosei C, Favero G, De Ciuceis C, Rossini C, Porteri E, Rodella LF, Franceschetti L, Maria Sarkar A, Agabiti-Rosei E, Rizzoni D, Rezzani R. Effect of long-term treatment with melatonin on vascular markers of oxidative stress/inflammation and on the anticontractile activity of perivascular fat in aging mice. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:41-50. [PMID: 27534739 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some reports have suggested that inflammation in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) may be implicated in vascular dysfunction by causing the disappearance of an anticontractile effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic melatonin treatment on the functional responses of the small mesenteric arteries and on the expression of markers of inflammation/oxidative stress in the aortas of senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8), a model of age-related vascular dysfunction. We investigated seven SAMP8 and seven control senescence-accelerated resistant mice (SAMR1) treated for 10 months with melatonin, as well as equal numbers of age-matched untreated SAMP8 and SAMR1. The mesenteric small resistance arteries were dissected and mounted on a wire myograph, and the concentration-response to norepinephrine was evaluated in vessels with intact PVAT and after the removal of the PVAT. The expression of markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and aging in the aortas was evaluated by immunostaining. In addition, the adiponectin content and the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 were evaluated in the visceral adipose tissue. In untreated SAMP8 mice, we observed an overexpression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the vasculature compared with the controls. No anticontractile effect of the PVAT was observed in untreated SAMP8 mice. Long-term treatment of SAMP8 mice with melatonin increased the expression of some markers of vasoprotection, decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and restored the anticontractile effect of the PVAT. Decreased expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 was also observed in visceral fat of untreated SAMP8, whereas a significant increase was observed after melatonin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Rossini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Porteri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sarkar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Division of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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259
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Zhu Y, Zhang YJ, Liu WW, Shi AW, Gu N. Salidroside Suppresses HUVECs Cell Injury Induced by Oxidative Stress through Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:E1033. [PMID: 27517893 PMCID: PMC6273208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Salidroside (SAL), one of the main effective constituents of Rhodiola rosea, has been reported to suppress oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury and necrosis by promoting transcription of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone1) (NQO1). However, it has not been indicated whether SAL might ameliorate endothelial injury induced by oxidative stress. Here, our study demonstrated that SAL might suppress HUVEC cell injury induced by oxidative stress through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. The results of our study indicated that SAL decreased the levels of intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), resulting in protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in HUVECs. It suppressed oxidative stress damage by inducing Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activating the expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzyme genes such as HO-1 and NQO1 in HUVECs. Knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA abolished the cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress, decreased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, and inhibited the nucleus translocation of Nrf2 in HUVECs. This study is the first to demonstrate that SAL suppresses HUVECs cell injury induced by oxidative stress through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ya-Jie Zhang
- Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ai-Wu Shi
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China.
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260
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Oxidative stress and nitric oxide are increased in obese children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:805-15. [PMID: 27480380 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) appear to represent important links between obesity and cardiovascular, metabolic and/or renal disease. We investigated whether oxidative stress and NO production/metabolism are increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8-9 years. Anthropometrics, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR)), inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2), and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were compared among normal weight, overweight and obese groups, according to WHO BMI z-score reference. U-Isop were increased in the obese group, whereas U-NOx were increased in both overweight and obese children. U-Isop were positively correlated with U-H2O2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR and TAG. TAS correlated negatively with U-Isop and MPO and positively with PWV. HOMA-IR and U-H2O2 were associated with higher U-Isop, independently of BMI and eGFR, and total cholesterol and U-H2O2 were associated with U-NOx, independently of BMI, eGFR values and P-NOx concentration. In overweight and obese children, eGFR decreased across P-NOx tertiles (median: 139·3 (25th, 75th percentile 128·0, 146·5), 128·0 (25th, 75th percentile 121·5, 140·4), 129·5 (25th, 75th percentile 119·4, 138·3), P for linear trend=0·003). We conclude that oxidant status and NO are increased in relation to fat accumulation and, even in young children, they translate into higher values of cardiometabolic risk markers and affect renal function.
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261
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Eichenfield DZ, Troutman TD, Link VM, Lam MT, Cho H, Gosselin D, Spann NJ, Lesch HP, Tao J, Muto J, Gallo RL, Evans RM, Glass CK. Tissue damage drives co-localization of NF-κB, Smad3, and Nrf2 to direct Rev-erb sensitive wound repair in mouse macrophages. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27462873 PMCID: PMC4963201 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although macrophages can be polarized to distinct phenotypes in vitro with individual ligands, in vivo they encounter multiple signals that control their varied functions in homeostasis, immunity, and disease. Here, we identify roles of Rev-erb nuclear receptors in regulating responses of mouse macrophages to complex tissue damage signals and wound repair. Rather than reinforcing a specific program of macrophage polarization, Rev-erbs repress subsets of genes that are activated by TLR ligands, IL4, TGFβ, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS). Unexpectedly, a complex damage signal promotes co-localization of NF-κB, Smad3, and Nrf2 at Rev-erb-sensitive enhancers and drives expression of genes characteristic of multiple polarization states in the same cells. Rev-erb-sensitive enhancers thereby integrate multiple damage-activated signaling pathways to promote a wound repair phenotype. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13024.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Z Eichenfield
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ty Dale Troutman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Verena M Link
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department II, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael T Lam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Han Cho
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, United States
| | - David Gosselin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Hanna P Lesch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Jenhan Tao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Jun Muto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, United States
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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262
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Taylor M, Carr T, Oke O, Jaunky T, Breheny D, Lowe F, Gaça M. E-cigarette aerosols induce lower oxidative stress in vitro when compared to tobacco smoke. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:465-476. [PMID: 27690198 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1222473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for various diseases. The underlying cellular mechanisms are not fully characterized, but include oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis. Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as an alternative to and a possible means to reduce harm from tobacco smoking. E-cigarette vapor contains significantly lower levels of toxicants than cigarette smoke, but standardized methods to assess cellular responses to exposure are not well established. We investigated whether an in vitro model of the airway epithelium (human bronchial epithelial cells) and commercially available assays could differentiate cellular stress responses to aqueous aerosol extracts (AqE) generated from cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosols. After exposure to AqE concentrations of 0.063-0.500 puffs/mL, we measured the intracellular glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG), intracellular generation of oxidant species, and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-controlled antioxidant response elements (ARE) to characterize oxidative stress. Apoptotic and necrotic responses were characterized by increases in caspase 3/7 activity and reductions in viable cell protease activities. Concentration-dependent responses indicative of oxidative stress were obtained for all endpoints following exposure to cigarette smoke AqE: intracellular generation of oxidant species increased by up to 83%, GSH:GSSG reduced by 98.6% and transcriptional activation of ARE increased by up to 335%. Caspase 3/7 activity was increased by up to 37% and the viable cell population declined by up to 76%. No cellular stress responses were detected following exposure to e-cigarette AqE. The methods used were suitably sensitive to be employed for comparative studies of tobacco and nicotine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Taylor
- a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , UK
| | - Tony Carr
- a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , UK
| | - Oluwatobiloba Oke
- a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , UK
| | - Tomasz Jaunky
- a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , UK
| | - Damien Breheny
- a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , UK
| | - Frazer Lowe
- a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , UK
| | - Marianna Gaça
- a Research and Development Center, British American Tobacco Plc , Southampton , UK
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263
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Evaluation of the effect of diminished pulsatility as seen in continuous flow ventricular assist devices on arterial endothelial cell phenotype and function. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:930-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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264
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Chen J, Wang S, Luo M, Zhang Z, Dai X, Kong M, Cai L, Wang Y, Shi B, Tan Y. From the Cover: Zinc Deficiency Worsens and Supplementation Prevents High-Fat Diet Induced Vascular Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Pathological Remodeling. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:124-36. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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265
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Jumnongprakhon P, Govitrapong P, Tocharus C, Tocharus J. WITHDRAWN: Melatonin improves methamphetamine-induced blood brain barrier impairment through NADPH oxidase-2 in primary rat brain microvascular endothelium cells. Brain Res 2016; 1646:393-401. [PMID: 27297493 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in 〈BRES, 1646 (2016) 182-192〉, 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.049. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichaya Jumnongprakhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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266
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Ošiņa K, Rostoka E, Isajevs S, Sokolovska J, Sjakste T, Sjakste N. Effects of an Antimutagenic 1,4-Dihydropyridine AV-153 on Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases and DNA Repair-related Enzymes and Genes in Kidneys of Rats with a Streptozotocin Model of Diabetes Mellitus. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:458-463. [PMID: 27163882 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), including diabetic nephropathy, is a complex multi-stage process, dependent on many factors including the modification of nitric oxide (NO) production and an impaired DNA repair. The goal of this work was to study in vivo effects of 1,4-dihydropyridine AV-153, known as antimutagen and DNA binder, on the expression of several genes and proteins involved in NO metabolism and DNA repair in the kidneys of rats with a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of DM. Transcription intensity was monitored by means of real-time RT-PCR and the expression of proteins by immunohistochemistry. Development of DM significantly induced PARP1 protein expression, while AV-153 (0.5 mg/kg) administration decreased it. AV-153 increased the expression of Parp1 gene in the kidneys of both intact and diabetic animals. Expression of H2afx mRNA and γH2AX histone protein, a marker of DNA breakage, was not changed in diabetic animals, but AV-153 up-regulated the expression of the gene without any impact on the protein expression. Development of DM was followed by a significant increase in iNOS enzyme expression, while AV-153 down-regulated the enzyme expression up to normal levels. iNos gene expression was also found to be increased in diabetic animals, but unlike the protein, the expression of mRNA was found to be enhanced by AV-153 administration. Expression of both eNOS protein and eNos gene in the kidneys was down-regulated, and the administration of AV-153 normalized the expression level. The effects of the compound in the kidneys of diabetic animals appear to be beneficial, as a trend for the normalization of expression of NO synthases is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristīne Ošiņa
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia. .,Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia.
| | - Evita Rostoka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelizaveta Sokolovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tatjana Sjakste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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267
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Nrf2/Keap1 system regulates vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis for vascular homeostasis: role in neointimal formation after vascular injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26291. [PMID: 27198574 PMCID: PMC4873803 DOI: 10.1038/srep26291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal increases in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the intimal region after a vascular injury is a key event in developing neointimal hyperplasia. To maintain vascular function, proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs is tightly controlled during vascular remodeling. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) system, a key component of the oxidative stress response that acts in maintaining homeostasis, plays an important role in neointimal hyperplasia after a vascular injury; however, the role of Nrf2/Keap1 in VSMC apoptosis has not been clarified. Here we report that 14 days after arterial injury in mice, TUNEL-positive VSMCs are detected in both the neointimal and medial layers. These layers contain cells expressing high levels of Nrf2 but low Keap1 expression. In VSMCs, Keap1 depletion induces features of apoptosis, such as positive TUNEL staining and annexin V binding. These changes are associated with an increased expression of nuclear Nrf2. Simultaneous Nrf2 depletion inhibits Keap1 depletion-induced apoptosis. At 14 days after the vascular injury, Nrf2-deficient mice demonstrated fewer TUNEL-positive cells and increased neointimal formation in the neointimal and medial areas. The results suggest that the Nrf2/Keap1 system regulates VSMC apoptosis during neointimal formation, thereby inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia after a vascular injury.
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268
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Pini A, Boccalini G, Baccari MC, Becatti M, Garella R, Fiorillo C, Calosi L, Bani D, Nistri S. Protection from cigarette smoke-induced vascular injury by recombinant human relaxin-2 (serelaxin). J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:891-902. [PMID: 26915460 PMCID: PMC4831370 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is regarded as a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study investigates whether serelaxin (RLX, recombinant human relaxin-2) endowed with promising therapeutic properties in CVD, can be credited of a protective effect against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced vascular damage and dysfunction. Guinea pigs exposed daily to CS for 8 weeks were treated with vehicle or RLX, delivered by osmotic pumps at daily doses of 1 or 10 μg. Controls were non-smoking animals. Other studies were performed on primary guinea pig aortic endothelial (GPAE) cells, challenged with CS extracts (CSE) in the absence and presence of 100 ng/ml (17 nmol/l) RLX. In aortic specimens from CS-exposed guinea pigs, both the contractile and the relaxant responses to phenylephrine and acetylcholine, respectively, were significantly reduced in amplitude and delayed, in keeping with the observed adverse remodelling of the aortic wall, endothelial injury and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) down-regulation. RLX at both doses maintained the aortic contractile and relaxant responses to a control-like pattern and counteracted aortic wall remodelling and endothelial derangement. The experiments with GPAE cells showed that CSE significantly decreased cell viability and eNOS expression and promoted apoptosis by sparkling oxygen free radical-related cytotoxicity, while RLX counterbalanced the adverse effects of CSE. These findings demonstrate that RLX is capable of counteracting CS-mediated vascular damage and dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress, thus adding a tile to the growing mosaic of the beneficial effects of RLX in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy & Histology & Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Boccalini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy & Histology & Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Section of Physiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Fiorillo
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy & Histology & Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy & Histology & Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy & Histology & Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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269
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Lee DS, Ko W, Song BK, Son I, Kim DW, Kang DG, Lee HS, Oh H, Jang JH, Kim YC, Kim S. The herbal extract KCHO-1 exerts a neuroprotective effect by ameliorating oxidative stress via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4911-9. [PMID: 27082826 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KCHO-1 is a novel product comprised of 30% ethanol extracts obtained from nine medical herbs, which are commonly used in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine. The nine herbs include Curcuma longa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Gastrodia elata, Chaenomeles sinensis, Polygala tenuifolia, Paeonia japonica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Atractylodes japonica and processed Aconitum carmichaeli. Recent studies have reported the beneficial effects of these herbs. The present study aimed to investigate the direct neuroprotective effects of KCHO‑1 on HT22 mouse hippocampal cells, and to determine the possible underlying mechanisms. KCHO‑1 significantly suppressed glutamate‑ and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced cell damage, and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, KCHO‑1 increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of heme oxygenase (HO)‑1. Tin protoporphyrin, which is an inhibitor of HO activity, partially suppressed the effects of KCHO‑1. Furthermore, KCHO‑1 significantly upregulated nuclear factor erythroid‑derived 2‑related factor‑2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) activation also appeared to be associated with KCHO‑1‑induced HO‑1 expression, since the ERK inhibitor PD98059 suppressed HO‑1 expression and prevented KCHO‑1‑induced cytoprotection. The results of the present study suggested that KCHO‑1 may effectively prevent glutamate‑ or H2O2‑induced oxidative damage via Nrf2/ERK mitogen‑activated protein kinase‑dependent HO‑1 expression. These data suggest that KCHO‑1 may be useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong‑gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmin Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Keun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- Department of Neurology, Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woung Kim
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Gwangju Hospital, Gwangju 61729, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Gil Kang
- Hanbang Body‑Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Body‑Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk‑do 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Kim
- ALS/MND Center of Wonkwang University Korean Medical Hospital, Gwangju 61729, Republic of Korea
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270
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Silva-Palacios A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. Nrf2 signaling and redox homeostasis in the aging heart: A potential target to prevent cardiovascular diseases? Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:81-95. [PMID: 26732035 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging process is often accompanied with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to the synergistic effects of age-related changes in heart morphology/function and prolonged exposure to injurious effects of CVD risk factors. Oxidative stress, considered a hallmark of aging, is also an important feature in pathologies that predispose to CVD development, like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Approaches directed to prevent the occurrence of CVD during aging have been explored both in experimental models and in controlled clinical trials, in order to improve health span, reduce hospitalizations and increase life quality during elderly. In this review we discuss oxidative stress role as a main risk factor that relates CVD with aging. As well as interventions that aim to reduce oxidative stress by supplementing with exogenous antioxidants. In particular, strategies of improving the endogenous antioxidant defenses through activating the nuclear factor related-2 factor (Nrf2) pathway; one of the best studied molecules in cellular redox homeostasis and a master regulator of the antioxidant and phase II detoxification response.
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271
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Li Y, Zhu J, Liu Y, Chen X, Lei S, Li L, Jiang B, Tan L, Yu S, Zhao Y. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Influences Injury Following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:518-31. [PMID: 27019634 PMCID: PMC4807413 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of GSK-3β is associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, no study has examined the effect of GSK-3β on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as models of ischemia/reperfusion in rats in vitro and in vivo. Our study showed that knockdown of GSK-3β with a GSK-3β siRNA virus improved injury and increased viability of neurons subjected to OGD/R. Levels of total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, and Nrf2 downstream proteins sulfiredoxin (Srx1) and thioredoxin (Trx1) increased after transfection with the GSK-3β siRNA virus. GSK-3β siRNA increased SOD activity and decreased MDA levels. Overexpression of GSK-3β with a pcDNA-GSK-3β virus showed opposite results. We also demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of GSK-3β siRNA in rats ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain infarct volume and water content, and reduced damage to cerebral cortical neurons after MCAO. Changes in total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, Srx1, Trx1, SOD, and MDA were similar to those observed in vitro. Our results show for the first time that GSK-3β can influence cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The effects may be due to regulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and decreasing oxidative stress. These results suggest a potential new drug target for clinical treatment of stroke.
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272
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Shafik NM, El Batsh MM. Protective Effects of Combined Selenium and Punica granatum Treatment on Some Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:121-8. [PMID: 26085057 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms implicated in inorganic arsenic poisoning. Punica granatum is known by its free radical scavenging properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of combined selenium and P. granatum against arsenic-induced liver injury. Seventy-five female albino rats were divided into five groups (of 15 rats each). Toxicity was induced by oral sodium arsenite (5.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) daily) (group ІІ). Treatment of arsenic-intoxicated rats was induced by daily oral administration of sodium selenite (3 mg/kg bw) (group ІІІ), 100 mg of P. granatum ethanol extract per kilogram body weight dissolved in 300 mL distilled water in three divided doses (100 mL of this suspension every 8 h) (group IV), and combined daily oral treatment with both selenite and P. granatum ethanol extract (group V). After 3 weeks, serum and liver tissues were obtained from the decapitated rats for different estimations. Hepatotoxicity was demonstrated by significant elevation in liver weights and activities of liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and decrease in serum total proteins and albumin (p < 0.05) which were confirmed by histopathological examination. Additionally, arsenic hepatotoxicity led to an increased values of malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, nitric oxide, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05) and decreased activity of thioredoxin reductase, values of total anti-oxidant capacity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression. Significant improvement in all assessed parameters was observed in rat group treated with both P. granatum and selenium. It was concluded that combined P. granatum and selenium treatment had a synergistic hepatoprotective effect against arsenic toxicity through activation of Nrf2 anti-oxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Shafik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Maha M El Batsh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32511, Egypt.
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273
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CYP2C8-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids decrease oxidative stress-induced endothelial apoptosis in development of atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:640-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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