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Boeckmans J, Rodrigues RM, Demuyser T, Piérard D, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V. COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point? Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1367-1369. [PMID: 32266419 PMCID: PMC7138655 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M. Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Demuyser
- Department of Microbiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Piérard
- Department of Microbiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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3202
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Philip M, Lakhtakia S, Aggarwal R, Madan K, Saraswat V, Makharia G. Joint Guidance from SGEI, ISG and INASL for Gastroenterologists and Gastrointestinal Endoscopists on the Prevention, Care, and Management of Patients With COVID-19. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:266-270. [PMID: 32362732 PMCID: PMC7195368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in December 2019 in China, has resulted in a pandemic leading to significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although it mainly causes respiratory symptoms, respiratory failure and death due to multiorgan failure, there is evolving evidence to suggest gastrointestinal (GI) and liver involvement by this virus. Owing to this, health-care professionals taking care of GI and liver diseases are also at an increased risk of getting exposed. Hence, there is a need for protocols to be prepared to guide the handling of COVID-19 patients by the GI and liver specialists, as well as to manage the pre-existing GI and liver diseases during the ongoing pandemic. We present here the guidelines prepared jointly by the three Indian professional bodies in the field of GI diseases, namely the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India, Indian Society of Gastroenterology, and Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Philip
- Lisie Hospital, Kochi, India,Address for correspondence. Mathew Philip, Lisie Institute of Gastroenterology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi, India.
| | | | | | - Kaushal Madan
- Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Saraswat
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
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3203
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Eftekhar SP, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. A brief review of the latest pharmacological treatments of COVID-19. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2020; 11:460-465. [PMID: 33425262 PMCID: PMC7780866 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.0.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
New Coronavirus which is called 2019-nCoV (2019-Novel-Coronavirus) or SARS-Cov-2 (Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2) causes deadly pneumonia that first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan city in China. This virus spreads all over the world quickly and made several problems for the community and healthcare system. Several drugs have been tried to manage COVID-19; however, our knowledge of this virus is not complete. At any rate, effective treatment or vaccine for this disease has not been discovered yet. Furthermore, to achieve this goal, more studies are needed on the structure of the virus and its pathogenesis mechanism. In this article, we summarized several articles suggesting treatments of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran
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3204
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Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared SARS-CoV-2 as pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 present mainly with respiratory symptoms. Prone position has been traditionally used in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to improve oxygenation and prevent barotrauma in ventilated patients. Awake proning is being used as an investigational therapy in COVID to defer invasive ventilation, improve oxygenation, and outcomes. Hence, we conducted a retrospective case study to look for benefits of awake proning with oxygen therapy in non-intubated COVID patients. Materials and methods A retrospective case study of 15 COVID patients admitted from June 15 to July 1, 2020 to HDU in our hospital was conducted. Cooperative patients who were hemodynamically stable and SpO2 < 90% on presentation were included. Oxygen was administered through facemask, non-rebreathing mask and noninvasive ventilation to patients as per requirement. Patients were encouraged to maintain prone position and target time was 10-12 hours/day. SpO2 and P/f ratio in supine and prone position was observed till discharge. Primary target was SpO2 > 95% and P/f > 200 mm Hg. Other COVID therapies were used according to institutional protocol. Results The mean SpO2 on room air on admission was 80%. In day 1 to 3, the mean P/f ratio in supine position was 98.8 ± 29.7 mm Hg which improved to 136.6 ± 38.8 mm Hg after proning (p = 0.005). The difference was significant from day 1 to 10. Two patients were intubated. The mean duration of stay was 11 days. Conclusion Awake prone positioning showed marked improvement in P/f ratio and SpO2 in COVID-19 patients with improvement in clinical symptoms with reduced rate of intubation. Highlights Prone position ventilation improves oxygenation by reducing V/Q mismatch.Awake prone positioning has been used along with high-flow oxygen therapy in recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus for management of mild to moderate cases. How to cite this article Singh P, Jain P, Deewan H. Awake Prone Positioning in COVID-19 Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(10):914-918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhanjan Singh
- Critical Care Department, QRG Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prerana Jain
- Critical Care Department, QRG Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Himanshu Deewan
- Critical Care Department, QRG Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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3205
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Kim C, Kwak Y, Hwang J, Eun MY. Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Patient with Asymptomatic 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease. J Clin Neurol 2020; 16:515-517. [PMID: 32657080 PMCID: PMC7354961 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changho Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngseok Kwak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jaechun Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Eun
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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3206
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Zhyvotovska A, Yusupov D, Foronjy R, Nakeshbandi M, McFarlane SI, Salifu M. Insights into Potential Mechanisms of Injury and Treatment Targets in COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RESEARCH & TRIALS 2020; 5:147. [PMID: 32676542 PMCID: PMC7365577 DOI: 10.15344/2456-8007/2020/147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, is the most serious pandemic in modern times. The disease was first reported in January of 2020 in China's city of Wuhan, Hubei province, and since then it has spread worldwide. Given the rapid spread of the virus and the burden it has taken on the healthcare systems it has swept through, there is the need for a concise description of current understanding of the pathogenesis of organ failure in SARS-CoV-2 infection while acknowledging that more is yet to be uncovered. This review will not only inform decision making at the bedside but will also help illustrate potential therapeutic targets for research. We searched the available literature to-date, and present the pathophysiology underlying increased morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs, heart and kidneys in a highly illustrated presentation that is easy-to-understand for the clinician, researcher, and student alike.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Samy I McFarlane
- Corresponding Author: Prof. Samy I. McFarlane, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Residency Program Director, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 50, Brooklyn, New York, USA, Tel: 718-270-6707, Fax: 718-270-4488;
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3207
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Godman B. Ongoing initiatives to improve the prescribing of medicines across sectors and the implications. ADVANCES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_90_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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3208
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Bishara D, Kalafatis C, Taylor D. Emerging and experimental treatments for COVID-19 and drug interactions with psychotropic agents. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320935306. [PMID: 32612804 PMCID: PMC7309390 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320935306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As yet, no agents have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19, although several experimental drugs are being used off licence. These may have serious adverse effects and potential drug interactions with psychotropic agents. We reviewed the common agents being used across the world for the treatment of COVID-19 and investigated their drug interaction potential with psychotropic agents using several drug interaction databases and resources. A preliminary search identified the following drugs as being used to treat COVID-19 symptoms: atazanavir (ATV), azithromycin (AZI), chloroquine (CLQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCLQ), dipyridamole, famotidine (FAM), favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), nitazoxanide, remdesivir, ribavirin and tocilizumab. Many serious adverse effects and potential drug interactions with psychotropic agents were identified. The most problematic agents were found to be ATV, AZI, CLQ, HCLQ, FAM and LPV/r in terms of both pharmacokinetic as well as serious pharmacodynamic drug interactions, including QTc prolongation and neutropenia. Significant caution should be exercised if using any of the medications being trialled for the treatment of COVID-19 until robust clinical trial data are available. An even higher threshold of vigilance should be maintained for patients with pre-existing conditions and older adults due to added toxicity and drug interactions, especially with psychotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bishara
- Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | | | - David Taylor
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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3209
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Kanwar M. Management of COVID infection. APOLLO MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_51_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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3210
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Carlotti APDCP, de Carvalho WB, Johnston C, Rodriguez IS, Delgado AF. COVID-19 Diagnostic and Management Protocol for Pediatric Patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1894. [PMID: 32321116 PMCID: PMC7153362 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to verify the main epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory-related, and therapeutic aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill pediatric patients. An extensive review of the medical literature on COVID-19 was performed, mainly focusing on the critical care of pediatric patients, considering expert opinions and recent reports related to this new disease. Experts from a large Brazilian public university analyzed all recently published material to produce a report aiming to standardize the care of critically ill children and adolescents. The report emphasizes on the clinical presentations of the disease and ventilatory support in pediatric patients with COVID-19. It establishes a flowchart to guide health practitioners on triaging critical cases. COVID-19 is essentially an unknown clinical condition for the majority of pediatric intensive care professionals. Guidelines developed by experts can help all practitioners standardize their attitudes and improve the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Werther Brunow de Carvalho
- Instituto da Crianca e do Adolescente (Icr), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Cíntia Johnston
- Instituto da Crianca e do Adolescente (Icr), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Isadora Souza Rodriguez
- Instituto da Crianca e do Adolescente (Icr), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Artur Figueiredo Delgado
- Instituto da Crianca e do Adolescente (Icr), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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3211
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Kulkarni R, Kinikar A, Jadhav T. Adverse drug reaction profile of prophylactic hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 among doctors. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_220_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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3212
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Sánchez-Álvarez JE, Fontán MP, Martín CJ, Pelícano MB, Reina CJC, Prieto ÁMS, Melilli E, Barrios MC, Heras MM, Pino MDDPY. Status of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients on renal replacement therapy. Report of the COVID-19 Registry of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN) ☆. NEFROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020; 40. [PMCID: PMC7183935 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The recent appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on the general population. Patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have not been unaware of this situation and due to their characteristics they are especially vulnerable. We present the results of the analysis of the COVID-19 Registry of the Spanish Society of Nephrology. Material and methods The Registry began operating on March 18th, 2020. It collects epidemiological variables, contagion and diagnosis data, signs and symptoms, treatments and outcomes. It is an online registry. Patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the results of the PCR of the virus, carried out both in patients who had manifested compatible symptoms or had suspicious signs, as well as in those who had undergone screening after some contact acquainted with another patient. Results As of April 11, the Registry had data on 868 patients, from all the Autonomous Communities. The most represented form of RRT is in-center hemodialysis (ICH) followed by transplant patients. Symptoms are similar to the general population. A very high percentage (85%) required hospital admission, 8% in intensive care units. The most used treatments were hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir–ritonavir, and steroids. Mortality is high and reaches 23%; deceased patients were more frequently on ICH, developed pneumonia more frequently, and received less frequently lopinavir–ritonavir and steroids. Age and pneumonia were independently associated with the risk of death. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection already affects a significant number of Spanish patients on RRT, mainly those on ICH, hospitalization rates are very high and mortality is high; age and the development of pneumonia are factors associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Pérez Fontán
- Servicio de Nefrología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Edoardo Melilli
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo Barrios
- Servicio de Nefrología, Consorci Parc de Salut Mar de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Macía Heras
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canarias, Spain
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3213
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Pandey A, Khan MK, Hamurcu M, Gezgin S. Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568890. [PMID: 33178237 PMCID: PMC7593249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The sudden emergence of COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus (nCoV) led the entire world to search for relevant solutions to fight the pandemic. Although continuous trials are being conducted to develop precise vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, a potential remedy is yet to be developed. Plants have largely contributed to the treatment of several human diseases and different phytoconstituents have been previously described to impede the replication of numerous viruses. Despite the previous positive reports of plant-based medications, no successful clinical trials of phyto-anti-COVID drugs could be conducted to date. In this article, we discuss varying perspectives on why phyto-anti-viral drug clinical trials were not successful in the case of COVID-19. The issue has been discussed in light of the usage of plant-based therapeutics in previous coronavirus outbreaks. Through this article, we aim to identify the disadvantages in this research area and suggest some measures to ensure that phytoconstituents can efficiently contribute to future random viral outbreaks. It is emphasized that if used strategically phyto-inhibitors with pre-established clinical data for other diseases can save the time required for long clinical trials. The scientific community should competently tap into phytoconstituents and take their research up to the final stage of clinical trials so that potential phyto-anti-COVID drugs can be developed.
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3214
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Alhazzani W, Al-Suwaidan F, Al Aseri Z, Al Mutair A, Alghamdi G, Rabaan A, Algamdi M, Alohali A, Asiri A, Alshahrani M, Al-Subaie M, Alayed T, Bafaqih H, Alkoraisi S, Alharthi S, Alenezi F, Al Gahtani A, Amr A, Shamsan A, Al Duhailib Z, Al-Omari A. The saudi critical care society clinical practice guidelines on the management of COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/sccj.sccj_15_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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3215
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Al-Kuraishy H, Al-Naimi M, Lungnier C, Al-Gareeb A. Macrolides and COVID-19: An optimum premise. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_103_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3216
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ernesto Belizário
- Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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3217
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Omran Z, Sheikh R, Baothman OA, Zamzami MA, Alarjah M. Repurposing Disulfiram as an Anti-Obesity Drug: Treating and Preventing Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1473-1480. [PMID: 32440176 PMCID: PMC7210036 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s254267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A drug repurposing strategy is an approach for identifying new therapeutic uses for approved or investigational drugs. Thanks to the moderate cost of repurposing a drug compared to bringing new chemical entity to the market, drug repurposing is rapidly gaining ground. The aim of this work is to study the anti-obesity effect of disulfiram (DSF), an irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat chronic alcoholism since 1951. METHODS Thirty male Albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups. G1, the control group, was given a standard diet. G2, the positive control group, was given a high-fat diet (HFD). G3 was given an HFD, and DSF 50 mg/kg/day was administered orally from day one for six weeks. G4 was given an HFD, and DSF 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally from day one for six weeks. G5 was given an HFD for six weeks; then treatment started with 50 mg/kg/day DSF orally. G6 was given an HFD for six weeks; then treatment started with 200 mg/kg/day DSF orally for three weeks. The body weight, food consumption and blood glucose levels were monitored over the given time interval. RESULTS Both doses of DSF significantly limited the body weight gain caused by an HFD for the treated animals. HF-fed rats received 50 and 200 mg/kg/day of DSF had their body weight increased by 51.93 ± 7.89% and 20.88 ± 15.05% respectively, whereas the body weight of control animals increased by 93.1 ± 20.04%. DSF also significantly decreased the body weight of obese animals. At 50 and 200 mg/kg/day of DSF, HF-fed rats lost 16.74 ± 8.61% and 23.9 ± 3.93% respectively, as their untreated counterparts had their body weight increased by 11.85 ± 3.79% after three weeks of treatment, thus restoring a body weight matching those who received a standard diet. CONCLUSION FDA-approved disulfiram has a strong anti-obesity effect on HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ziad Omran College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyya, Makkah21955, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaTel +966 5 46461441 Email
| | - Ryan Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman A Baothman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alarjah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah21955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3218
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Mohammadi Barzelighi H, Daraei B, Dastan F. Approaches for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pharmacologic View and Literature Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:258-281. [PMID: 33680028 PMCID: PMC7757982 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113821.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of a novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was identified in Hubei province of China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide as pandemic and became a public health concern. COVID-19 disease is caused by a new virus known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), which has recently offered many challenges and efforts to identify effective drugs for its prevention and treatment. Currently, there is no proven effective approach and medication against this virus. Quickly expanding clinical trials and studies on Coronavirus disease 2019 increase our knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 virus and introduce several potential drugs targeting virus moiety or host cell elements. Overall, 3 stages were suggested for SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the disease severity, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes, including mild, moderate, and severe. This review aimed to classify and summarize several medications and potential therapies according to the disease 3 stages; however, it is worth noting that no medication and therapy has been effective so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Dastan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3219
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Khalili M, Chegeni M, Javadi S, Farokhnia M, Sharifi H, Karamouzian M. Therapeutic interventions for COVID-19: a living overview of reviews. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620976021. [PMID: 33326318 PMCID: PMC7747112 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620976021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, but safe and effective treatment options remain unavailable. Numerous systematic reviews of varying qualities have tried to summarize the evidence on the available therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. This overview of reviews aims to provide a succinct summary of the findings of systematic reviews on different pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and WHO database of publications on COVID-19 from 1 December 2019 through to 11 June 2020 for peer-reviewed systematic review studies that reported on potential pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies for COVID-19. Quality assessment was completed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) measure. RESULTS Out of 816 non-duplicate studies, 45 were included in the overview. Antiviral and antibiotic agents, corticosteroids, and anti-malarial agents were the most common drug classes used to treat COVID-19; however, there was no direct or strong evidence to support their efficacy. Oxygen therapy and ventilatory support was the most common non-pharmacological supportive care. The quality of most of the included reviews was rated as low or critically low. CONCLUSION This overview of reviews demonstrates that although some therapeutic interventions may be beneficial to specific subgroups of COVID-19 patients, the available data are insufficient to strongly recommend any particular treatment option to be used at a population level. Future systematic reviews on COVID-19 treatments should adhere to the recommended systematic review methodologies and ensure that promptness and comprehensiveness are balanced.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malahat Khalili
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Chegeni
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Javadi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farokhnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical School, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karamouzian
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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3220
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Gupta MD, Girish MP, Yadav G, Shankar A, Yadav R. Coronavirus disease 2019 and the cardiovascular system: Impacts and implications. Indian Heart J 2020; 72:1-6. [PMID: 32423554 PMCID: PMC7195102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit D Gupta
- GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - M P Girish
- GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Rakesh Yadav
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
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3221
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Şen N, Ayten O, Özdemir C, Aktürk Ü. Potential treatment of COVID-19. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF PULMONOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ejop.ejop_61_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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3222
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Adeel AA. Perspectives on repositioning chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Covid-19. Sudan J Paediatr 2020; 20:4-9. [PMID: 32528194 DOI: 10.24911/sjp.106-1587122398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now spreading as a pandemic ravaging the whole world. In the absence of a vaccine and an effective antiviral chemotherapy, there is currently an intense global interest in repositioning chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to combat the pandemic. CQ has been used for decades for the treatment and prophylaxis against malaria in endemic countries. It is readily available and has also been manufactured in these countries. CQ is cheap, stable under field conditions and has been well tolerated as an antimalarial. This experience could be adapted to deploy CQ or HCQ for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID19 if strong evidence could be generated for these uses. We believe that well-designed drug trials should be initiated in malaria-endemic countries, taking into account the local context of the epidemic and the capacity of the health system in combating it. In this paper, we are presenting the current status of evidence for using CQ and HCQ against COVID19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Awad Adeel
- Independent Consultant in Malaria and Tropical Diseases, Lawrenceville, GA.,Formerly, Professor, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3223
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Pelaia C, Tinello C, Vatrella A, De Sarro G, Pelaia G. Lung under attack by COVID-19-induced cytokine storm: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620933508. [PMID: 32539627 PMCID: PMC7298425 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620933508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a key target of the cytokine storm that can be triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the widespread clinical syndrome known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indeed, in some patients, SARS-CoV-2 promotes a dysfunctional immune response that dysregulates the cytokine secretory pattern. Hypercytokinemia underlies the hyperinflammatory state leading to injury of alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells, as well as to lung infiltration sustained by neutrophils and macrophages. Within such a pathogenic context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other cytokines/chemokines play a pivotal pro-inflammatory role. Therefore, cytokines and their receptors, as well as cytokine-dependent intracellular signalling pathways can be targeted by potential therapies aimed to relieve the heavy burden of cytokine storm. In particular, the anti-IL-6-receptor monoclonal antibody tocilizumab is emerging as one of the most promising pharmacologic treatments. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences,
University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria,
Italy
| | - Caterina Tinello
- Pediatrics Unit, Provincial Outpatient
Center of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and
Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Campania, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences,
University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria,
Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Campus Universitario ‘Salvatore
Venuta’, Viale Europa – Località Germaneto, Catanzaro, 88100,
Italy
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3224
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Rogosnitzky M, Berkowitz E, Jadad AR. No Time to Waste: Real-World Repurposing of Generic Drugs as a Multifaceted Strategy Against COVID-19. JMIRX MED 2020; 1:e19583. [PMID: 33724265 PMCID: PMC7954442 DOI: 10.2196/19583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Real-world drug repurposing-the immediate "off-label" prescribing of drugs to address urgent clinical needs-is an indispensable strategy gaining rapid traction in the current COVID-19 crisis. Although off-label prescribing (ie, for a nonapproved indication) is legal in most countries, it tends to shift the burden of liability and cost to physicians and patients, respectively. Nevertheless, in urgent public health crises, it is often the only realistic source of a meaningful potential solution. To be considered for real-world repurposing, drug candidates should ideally have a track record of safety, affordability, and wide accessibility. Although thousands of such drugs are already available, the absence of a central repository of off-label uses presents a barrier to the immediate identification and selection of the safest, potentially useful interventions. Using the current COVID-19 pandemic as an example, we provide a glimpse at the extensive literature that supports the rationale behind six generic drugs, in four classes, all of which are affordable, supported by decades of safety data, and pleiotropically target the underlying pathophysiology that makes COVID-19 so dangerous. Having previously fast-tracked this paper to publication in summary form, we now expand on why cimetidine/famotidine (histamine type-2 receptor antagonists), dipyridamole (antiplatelet agent), fenofibrate/bezafibrate (cholesterol/triglyceride-lowering agents), and sildenafil (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) are worth considering for patients with COVID-19 based on their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, renoprotective, cardioprotective, and anticoagulation properties. These examples also reveal the unlimited opportunity to future-proof public health by proactively mining, synthesizing, and cataloging the off-label treatment opportunities of thousands of safe, well-established, and affordable generic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro R Jadad
- Program in Impactful Giving Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada
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3225
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Li G, Yang F, He X, Liu Z, Pi J, Zhu Y, Ke X, Liu S, Ou M, Guo H, Zhang Z, Zeng G, Zhang G. Anti-tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy dynamically rescues Th1 and CD8+ T effector levels in Han Chinese pulmonary TB patients. Microbes Infect 2019; 22:119-126. [PMID: 31678658 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4+/CD8+ T cells play a major role in conferring immune protection against tuberculosis (TB), but it remains unknown how the immune responses of CD4+/CD8+ T cells exactly correlate with the clinical variables and disease statuses during anti-TB chemotherapy. To address this, several major immune parameters of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood derived from pulmonary TB patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated. We observed that active TB infection induced lower CD3+ T cell and CD4+ T cell levels but higher CD8+T cell levels, while anti-TB chemotherapy reversed these effects. Also, anti-TB treatment induced enhanced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ but reduced expression of IL-10 and IL-6. Moreover, the dynamic changes of CD3, CD4, and CD8 levels did not show a significant association with sputum smear positivity. However, the frequencies of IL-2+CD4+ or IL-10 + CD4+ T effector subpopulation or IL-1β production in peripheral blood showed significant difference between patients positive for sputum smear and patients negative for sputum smear after anti-TB treatment. These findings implicated that recovery of Th1/CD8+T cell effector levels might be critical immunological events in pulmonary TB patients after treatment and further suggested the importance of these immunological parameters as potential biomarkers for prediction of TB progress and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobao Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xing He
- National Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Xue Ke
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Min Ou
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Huixin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Guangdong Center for Tuberculosis Control, Guangzhou, 510430, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
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3226
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Tulgar S, Ahıskalıoğlu A, Kök A, Thomas DT. Possible Old Drugs for Repositioning in COVID-19 Treatment: Combating Cytokine Storms from Haloperidol to Anti-interleukin Agents. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2019; 48:256-257. [PMID: 32551457 PMCID: PMC7279871 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2020.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Tulgar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Maltepe University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahıskalıoğlu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.,Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulaziz Kök
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - David Terence Thomas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Medical Education, Maltepe University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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