3401
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Zarghami Dehaghani M, Bagheri B, Yousefi F, Nasiriasayesh A, Hamed Mashhadzadeh A, Zarrintaj P, Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Fierro V, Celzard A, Saeb MR, Mostafavi E. Boron Nitride Nanotube as an Antimicrobial Peptide Carrier: A Theoretical Insight. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1837-1847. [PMID: 33692624 PMCID: PMC7939490 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s298699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanotube-based drug delivery systems have received considerable attention because of their large internal volume to encapsulate the drug and the ability to penetrate tissues, cells, and bacteria. In this regard, understanding the interaction between the drug and the nanotube to evaluate the encapsulation behavior of the drug in the nanotube is of crucial importance. METHODS In this work, the encapsulation process of the cationic antimicrobial peptide named cRW3 in the biocompatible boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) was investigated under the Canonical ensemble (NVT) by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. RESULTS The peptide was absorbed into the BNNT by van der Waals (vdW) interaction between cRW3 and the BNNT, in which the vdW interaction decreased during the simulation process and reached the value of -142.7 kcal·mol-1 at 4 ns. DISCUSSION The increase in the potential mean force profile of the encapsulated peptide during the pulling process of cRW3 out of the nanotube showed that its insertion into the BNNT occurred spontaneously and that the inserted peptide had the desired stability. The energy barrier at the entrance of the BNNT caused a pause of 0.45 ns when half of the peptide was inside the BNNT during the encapsulation process. Therefore, during this period, the peptide experienced the weakest movement and the smallest conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Farrokh Yousefi
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45195-313, Iran
| | | | - Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vanessa Fierro
- Université De Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Epinal, 88000, France
| | - Alain Celzard
- Université De Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Epinal, 88000, France
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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3402
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Sajan MP, Hansen BC, Acevedo‐Duncan M, Kindy MS, Cooper DR, Farese RV. Roles of hepatic atypical protein kinase C hyperactivity and hyperinsulinemia in insulin-resistant forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:3-16. [PMID: 34766133 PMCID: PMC8491214 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity, the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (DIO/MetS/T2DM), and their adverse sequelae have reached pandemic levels. In mice, DIO/MetS/T2DM initiation involves diet-dependent increases in lipids that activate hepatic atypical PKC (aPKC) and thereby increase lipogenic enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. These or other hepatic aberrations, via adverse liver-to-muscle cross talk, rapidly impair postreceptor insulin signaling to glucose transport in muscle. The ensuing hyperinsulinemia further activates hepatic aPKC, which first blocks the ability of Akt to suppress gluconeogenic enzyme expression, and later impairs Akt activation, further increasing hepatic glucose production. Recent findings suggest that hepatic aPKC also increases a proteolytic enzyme that degrades insulin receptors. Fortunately, all hepatic aberrations and muscle impairments are prevented/reversed by inhibition or deficiency of hepatic aPKC. But, in the absence of treatment, hyperinsulinemia induces adverse events, some by using "spare receptors" to bypass receptor defects. Thus, in brain, hyperinsulinemia increases Aβ-plaque precursors and Alzheimer risk; in kidney, hyperinsulinemia activates the renin-angiotensin-adrenal axis, thus increasing vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and cardiovascular risk; and in liver, hyperinsulinemia increases lipogenesis, obesity, hepatosteatosis, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular risk. In summary, increases in hepatic aPKC are critically required for development of DIO/MetS/T2DM and its adverse sequelae, and therapeutic approaches that limit hepatic aPKC may be particularly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini P. Sajan
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Barbara C. Hansen
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mildred Acevedo‐Duncan
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Mark S. Kindy
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Denise R. Cooper
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Robert V. Farese
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- Research ServiceJames AHaley Veterans Administration Medical CenterTampaFloridaUSA
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3403
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Guo Y, Wang H, Huang L, Ou L, Zhu J, Liu S, Xu X. Small extracellular vesicles-based cell-free strategies for therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:17-26. [PMID: 34766134 PMCID: PMC8491241 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are extracellular nanovesicles that contain bioactive proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. A variety of biological process is regulated with sEVs. sEVs are an intercellular messenger regulating recipient cell function and play a role in disease initiation and progression. sEVs derived from certain cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells and immune cells, have the potential for clinical therapy as they possess the characteristics of their parental cells. With better understanding of sEVs biogenesis, their transportation properties, extended circulatory capability, and exceptional biocompatibility, sEVs emerge as a potential therapeutic tool in the clinic. Here, we summarize applications of sEVs-based therapies in different diseases and current knowledge about the strategies in bioengineered sEVs, as well as the challenges for their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lingling Ou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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3404
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Sakai T, Matsuo Y, Okuda K, Hirota K, Tsuji M, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H. Development of antitumor biguanides targeting energy metabolism and stress responses in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4852. [PMID: 33649449 PMCID: PMC7921556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop antitumor drugs capable of targeting energy metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, we produced a series of potent new biguanide derivatives via structural modification of the arylbiguanide scaffold. We then conducted biological screening using hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1- and unfolded protein response (UPR)-dependent reporter assays and selective cytotoxicity assay under low glucose conditions. Homologation studies of aryl-(CH2)n-biguanides (n = 0-6) yielded highly potent derivatives with an appropriate alkylene linker length (n = 5, 6). The o-chlorophenyl derivative 7l (n = 5) indicated the most potent inhibitory effects on HIF-1- and UPR-mediated transcriptional activation (IC50; 1.0 ± 0.1 μM, 7.5 ± 0.1 μM, respectively) and exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward HT29 cells under low glucose condition (IC50; 1.9 ± 0.1 μM). Additionally, the protein expression of HIF-1α induced by hypoxia and of GRP78 and GRP94 induced by glucose starvation was markedly suppressed by the biguanides, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis. Metabolic flux and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses of tumor cells revealed that the biguanides strongly inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and activated compensative glycolysis in the presence of glucose, whereas both were strongly suppressed in the absence of glucose, resulting in cellular energy depletion and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the pleiotropic effects of these biguanides may contribute to more selective and effective killing of cancer cells due to the suppression of various stress adaptation systems in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sakai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okuda
- Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Mieko Tsuji
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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3405
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Xu J, Wang C. Cell-derived vesicles for delivery of cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has received unprecedented attention due to the clinical achievements. The applications of biomedical engineering and materials science to cancer immunotherapy have solved the challenges caused by immunotherapy to a certain extent. Among them, cell-derived vesicles are natural biomaterials chosen as carriers or immune-engineering in view of their many unique advantages. This review will briefly introduce the recent applications of cell-derived vesicles for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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3406
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Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has received unprecedented attention due to the clinical achievements. The applications of biomedical engineering and materials science to cancer immunotherapy have solved the challenges caused by immunotherapy to a certain extent. Among them, cell-derived vesicles are natural biomaterials chosen as carriers or immune-engineering in view of their many unique advantages. This review will briefly introduce the recent applications of cell-derived vesicles for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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3407
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Uthaya Kumar A, Kadiresen K, Gan WC, Ling APK. Current updates and research on plant-based vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:13-23. [PMID: 33628750 PMCID: PMC7892944 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, causing pneumonia-like symptoms in patients named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had evolved into a global pandemic. COVID-19 has surpassed Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome in terms of rate and scale causing more than one million deaths. Development of an effective vaccine to fight against the spread of COVID-19 is the main goal of many countries around the world and plant-based vaccines are one of the available methods in vaccine developments. Plant-based vaccine has gained its reputation among researchers for its known effective manufacturing process and cost effectiveness. Many companies around the world are participating in the race to develop an effective vaccine by using the plant system. This review discusses different approaches used as well as highlights the challenges faced by various companies and research groups in developing the plant-based COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asqwin Uthaya Kumar
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirthikah Kadiresen
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wen Cong Gan
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3408
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Xiong K, Zhou Y, Lin X, Kou J, Lin M, Guan R, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Mitochondria-targeting Photosensitizers against Cisplatin-resistant Cells †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:85-91. [PMID: 33617666 DOI: 10.1111/php.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Four iridium (III) complexes Ir1-Ir4 were synthesized and characterized. Possessing high singlet oxygen production ability and specific mitochondria-localization, Ir1 was developed as a mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer. Ir1 exhibited strong phototoxicity against cancer cell line A549 and its corresponding cisplatin-resistant one A549R. In contrast, Ir1 showed low cytotoxicity toward normal cell HLF. This selectivity resulted from the different uptake amount. With 405 nm irradiation, Ir1 induced mitochondria-mediated cell death in A549R cells, achieving the overcome of drug-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3409
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Xiang P, Xu X, Lu X, Gao L, Wang H, Li Z, Xiong H, Li R, Xiong Y, Pu L, Qin T, Jin F, Ren H, Li C, Yang J, Zhang M, Gong J, Chen X, Zheng H, Tan J, Sun Y, Zhao F, Hou X, Liu Y, Guo H, Hao J, Kan B, Zhou H, Wang Y, Liu J. Case Report: Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Ultrahigh-Depth Sequencing in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Neurological Dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:629828. [PMID: 33693018 PMCID: PMC7937706 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.629828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that the complete genome sequence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was obtained from a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample by ultrahigh-depth sequencing. Fourteen days after onset, seizures, maxillofacial convulsions, intractable hiccups and a significant increase in intracranial pressure developed in an adult coronavirus disease 2019 patient. The complete genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can invade the central nervous system. In future, along with nervous system assessment, the pathogen genome detection and other indicators are needed for studying possible nervous system infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haofeng Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chuansheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hebing Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Hao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3410
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El Sayed R, Haibe Y, Amhaz G, Bouferraa Y, Shamseddine A. Metabolic Factors Affecting Tumor Immunogenicity: What Is Happening at the Cellular Level? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2142. [PMID: 33670011 PMCID: PMC7927105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the treatment paradigm in multiple solid and hematologic malignancies. However, response remains limited in a significant number of cases, with tumors developing innate or acquired resistance to checkpoint inhibition. Certain "hot" or "immune-sensitive" tumors become "cold" or "immune-resistant", with resultant tumor growth and disease progression. Multiple factors are at play both at the cellular and host levels. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes the most to immune-resistance, with nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, acidity and different secreted inflammatory markers, all contributing to modulation of immune-metabolism and reprogramming of immune cells towards pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Both the tumor and surrounding immune cells require high amounts of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids to fulfill their energy demands. Thus, both compete over one pool of nutrients that falls short on needs, obliging cells to resort to alternative adaptive metabolic mechanisms that take part in shaping their inflammatory phenotypes. Aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, tryptophan catabolism, glutaminolysis, fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation, etc. are all mechanisms that contribute to immune modulation. Different pathways are triggered leading to genetic and epigenetic modulation with consequent reprogramming of immune cells such as T-cells (effector, memory or regulatory), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (M1 or M2), natural killers (NK) cells (active or senescent), and dendritic cells (DC) (effector or tolerogenic), etc. Even host factors such as inflammatory conditions, obesity, caloric deficit, gender, infections, microbiota and smoking status, may be as well contributory to immune modulation, anti-tumor immunity and response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Given the complex and delicate metabolic networks within the tumor microenvironment controlling immune response, targeting key metabolic modulators may represent a valid therapeutic option to be combined with checkpoint inhibitors in an attempt to regain immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola El Sayed
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Yolla Haibe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ghid Amhaz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
| | - Youssef Bouferraa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (Y.H.); (G.A.); (Y.B.)
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3411
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Fei Z, Fan Q, Dai H, Zhou X, Xu J, Ma Q, Maruyama A, Wang C. Physiologically triggered injectable red blood cell-based gel for tumor photoablation and enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120724. [PMID: 33636549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Here we developed a simple injectable red blood cells (RBCs)-based gel for cancer photo-immunotherapy. We find that subcutaneous injected homologous RBCs could form hydrogel-like composition in mice, due to the infiltrated platelets and thrombin under physiological environment. In addition, the formed RBC-gel has photothermal effect under NIR laser exposure on account of deep reddish color. In mice bearing CT26 tumors, we demonstrate photo-immunotherapy of cancer by local injection of imiquimod (R837) adjuvant engineered RBCs. The photothermal effect of the in situ formed RBC-gel effectively burns tumor to release tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), promotes the release of R837 from RBCs to the tumor draining lymph node, thereby activating the lymph node-resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) remarkably. A durable systemic immune response is induced following the combination treatment of the primary tumor. 100% mice rejected tumor rechallenge and are survived at least 250 days without any detectable tumors. Our strategy highlights the RBCs, the most common type of cell in our blood, as the hydrogel for drug delivery and cancer photo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Fei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xuanfang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-57, Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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3412
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Huang Y, Zhang Z, Liu S, Li X, Yang Y, Ma J, Li Z, Zhou J, Jiang Y, He B. CT-based radiomics combined with signs: a valuable tool to help radiologist discriminate COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33596844 PMCID: PMC7887546 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this COVID-19 pandemic, the differential diagnosis of viral pneumonia is still challenging. We aimed to assess the classification performance of computed tomography (CT)-based CT signs and radiomics features for discriminating COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia. Methods A total of 154 patients with confirmed viral pneumonia (COVID-19: 89 cases, influenza pneumonia: 65 cases) were collected retrospectively in this study. Pneumonia signs and radiomics features were extracted from the initial unenhanced chest CT images to build independent and combined models. The predictive performance of the radiomics model, CT sign model, the combined model was constructed based on the whole dataset and internally invalidated by using 1000-times bootstrap. Diagnostic performance of the models was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The combined models consisted of 4 significant CT signs and 7 selected features and demonstrated better discrimination performance between COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia than the single radiomics model. For the radiomics model, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.888 (sensitivity, 86.5%; specificity, 78.4%; accuracy, 83.1%), and the AUC was 0.906 (sensitivity, 86.5%; specificity, 81.5%; accuracy, 84.4%) in the CT signs model. After combining CT signs and radiomics features, AUC of the combined model was 0.959 (sensitivity, 89.9%; specificity, 90.7%; accuracy, 90.3%). Conclusions CT-based radiomics combined with signs might be a potential method for distinguishing COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia with satisfactory performance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12880-021-00564-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Huang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zhenguang Zhang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Siyun Liu
- Precision Health Institution, PDx, GE Healthcare (China), Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Radiology, The 3rd Peoples' Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Yunhui Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna, 666100, China
| | - Jiyao Ma
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Medical Imaging Department, Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Jialong Zhou
- MRI Department, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Yuanming Jiang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Bo He
- Medical Imaging Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China.
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3413
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Cassano R, Cuconato M, Calviello G, Serini S, Trombino S. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Melanoma. Molecules 2021; 26:785. [PMID: 33546290 PMCID: PMC7913377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with few possibilities for therapeutic approaches, due to its multi-drug resistance and, consequently, low survival rate for patients. Conventional therapies for treatment melanoma include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, which have various side effects. For this reason, in recent years, pharmaceutical and biomedical research has focused on new sito-specific alternative therapeutic strategies. In this regard, nanotechnology offers numerous benefits which could improve the life expectancy of melanoma patients with very low adverse effects. This review aims to examine the latest advances in nanotechnology as an innovative strategy for treating melanoma. In particular, the use of different types of nanoparticles, such as vesicles, polymers, metal-based, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, solid lipid, microneedles, and their combination with immunotherapies and vaccines will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Cuconato
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Serini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
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3414
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Zhang DX, Vu LT, Ismail NN, Le MTN, Grimson A. Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:24-44. [PMID: 33545339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons. In addition, we focus on recent reports indicating interactions between EVs and non-cell constituents within the TME, including the extracellular matrix. We also review and summarise the intricate cancer-associated network modulated by EVs, which promotes metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and therapeutic resistance in the TME. We aim to provide a comprehensive and updated landscape of EVs in the TME, focusing on oncogenesis, cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, together with our future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Nadiah Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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3415
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Scourfield DO, Reed SG, Quastel M, Alderson J, Bart VMT, Teijeira Crespo A, Jones R, Pring E, Richter FC, Burnell SEA. The role and uses of antibodies in COVID-19 infections: a living review. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab003. [PMID: 34192270 PMCID: PMC7928637 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 has generated a rapidly evolving field of research, with the global scientific community striving for solutions to the current pandemic. Characterizing humoral responses towards SARS-CoV-2, as well as closely related strains, will help determine whether antibodies are central to infection control, and aid the design of therapeutics and vaccine candidates. This review outlines the major aspects of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody research to date, with a focus on the various prophylactic and therapeutic uses of antibodies to alleviate disease in addition to the potential of cross-reactive therapies and the implications of long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Oliver Scourfield
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK,Correspondence address. Stephanie E. A. Burnell, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK. Tel: 02920687060, E-mail: and
| | - Sophie G Reed
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Max Quastel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Alderson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 FTY, UK
| | - Valentina M T Bart
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alicia Teijeira Crespo
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Ruth Jones
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ellie Pring
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Felix Clemens Richter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 FTY, UK
| | | | - Stephanie E A Burnell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK,Correspondence address. Stephanie E. A. Burnell, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK. Tel: 02920687060, E-mail: and
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3416
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Duraj T, García-Romero N, Carrión-Navarro J, Madurga R, Ortiz de Mendivil A, Prat-Acin R, Garcia-Cañamaque L, Ayuso-Sacido A. Beyond the Warburg Effect: Oxidative and Glycolytic Phenotypes Coexist within the Metabolic Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:202. [PMID: 33498369 PMCID: PMC7922554 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, with a median survival at diagnosis of 16-20 months. Metabolism represents a new attractive therapeutic target; however, due to high intratumoral heterogeneity, the application of metabolic drugs in GBM is challenging. We characterized the basal bioenergetic metabolism and antiproliferative potential of metformin (MF), dichloroacetate (DCA), sodium oxamate (SOD) and diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) in three distinct glioma stem cells (GSCs) (GBM18, GBM27, GBM38), as well as U87MG. GBM27, a highly oxidative cell line, was the most resistant to all treatments, except DON. GBM18 and GBM38, Warburg-like GSCs, were sensitive to MF and DCA, respectively. Resistance to DON was not correlated with basal metabolic phenotypes. In combinatory experiments, radiomimetic bleomycin exhibited therapeutically relevant synergistic effects with MF, DCA and DON in GBM27 and DON in all other cell lines. MF and DCA shifted the metabolism of treated cells towards glycolysis or oxidation, respectively. DON consistently decreased total ATP production. Our study highlights the need for a better characterization of GBM from a metabolic perspective. Metabolic therapy should focus on both glycolytic and oxidative subpopulations of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-R.); (J.C.-N.); (R.M.)
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-R.); (J.C.-N.); (R.M.)
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Madurga
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-R.); (J.C.-N.); (R.M.)
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Prat-Acin
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.-R.); (J.C.-N.); (R.M.)
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
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3417
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Wu S, Kuang H, Ke J, Pi M, Yang DH. Metabolic Reprogramming Induces Immune Cell Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:591342. [PMID: 33520703 PMCID: PMC7845572 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rewire metabolism to meet their increased nutritional demands, allowing the maintenance of tumor survival, proliferation, and expansion. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is identified in most, if not all cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which interacts with a hypoxic, acidic, and nutritionally deficient tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the metabolic changes including generation, depletion or accumulation of metabolites and signaling pathways, as well as their relationship with the TME in MM cells. Moreover, we describe the crosstalk among metabolism, TME, and changing function of immune cells during cancer progression. The overlapping metabolic phenotype between MM and immune cells is discussed. In this sense, targeting metabolism of MM cells is a promising therapeutic approach. We propose that it is important to define the metabolic signatures that may regulate the function of immune cells in TME in order to improve the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Medical Center of Assessment of Bone & Joint Diseases, Orthopaedic Hospital, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manfei Pi
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
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3418
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What sunspots are whispering about covid-19? Med Hypotheses 2021; 147:110487. [PMID: 33465563 PMCID: PMC8016555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies point to the antimicrobial effects of ELF electromagnetic fields. Such fields have accompanied life from the very beginning, and it is possible that they played a significant role in its emergence and evolution. However, the literature on the biological effects of ELF electromagnetic fields is controversial, and we still lack an understanding of the complex mechanisms that make such effects, observed in many experiments, possible. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown how fragile we are in the face of powerful processes operating in the biosphere. We believe that understanding the role of ELF electromagnetic fields in regulating the biosphere is important in our fight against Covid-19, and research in this direction should be intensified.
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3419
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Xiang Y, Miao H. Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:87-101. [PMID: 33740245 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the immune system in tumors. It can be recruited and educated to two mainly polarized subpopulations (M1-like and M2-like) of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to display anti-tumor or protumor function during the tumor occurrence and progression. Reprogramming of metabolism, especially lipid metabolism, is a typical characteristic of TAMs polarization, which was confirmed recently as a vital target for tumor therapy. However, the relationship between TAMs and lipid metabolism is still obscure in the past decade. In this review, we will first introduce the historical aspects of TAMs, and then discuss the correlation of main lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids) to TAMs activation and summarize the mechanisms by which lipid metabolism mediated tumor escape the immunological surveillance as well as currently available drugs targeting these mechanisms. We hope that this chapter will give a better understanding of lipid metabolism in TAMs for those who are interested in this field, and lay a foundation to develop novel strategies for tumor therapy by targeting lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancai Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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3420
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Hong W, Yang J, Bi Z, He C, Lei H, Yu W, Yang Y, Fan C, Lu S, Peng X, Wei X. A mouse model for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:1. [PMID: 33384407 PMCID: PMC7775436 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Lei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Yu
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Yang
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China
| | - Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 102629, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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3421
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Wang L, Nabi G, Zuo L, Wu Y, Li D. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Potential Solutions in Different Members in an Ordinary Family Unit. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:735653. [PMID: 35087429 PMCID: PMC8787187 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.735653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lirong Zuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuefeng Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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3422
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A Sultan H, Ashry M, M H El-Bitar A, N Yassen N, E Abdelsalam M, A Moustafa M. Synthetic Zeolite Supplementation as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of Diabetic Syndrome. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1067-1076. [PMID: 34842377 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1067.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Natural and Synthetic Zeolite (SZ) is potentially useful for biopharmaceuticals and bio tools due to its unique and outstanding physical and chemical properties. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of synthetic zeolite in (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> About 4 groups of rats were used, (I) normal control, (II) SZ group, (300 mg/kg/day), (III) STZ group, diabetic rats acted as positive control and (IV) STZ+SZ group, included diabetic rats treated with synthetic zeolite (300 mg/kg/day), statistical analysis comparisons between means were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post hock (Tukey) multiple comparisons test at p<u>></u>0.05. <b>Results:</b> After six weeks, treatment of diabetic animals with synthetic zeolite markedly exhibited a significant reduction in glucose, lipids, DNA fragmentation, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT), urea, creatinine, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels concomitant with a significant rise in insulin, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) values close to the corresponding values of healthy ones. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, synthetic zeolite exhibits multi-health benefits with promising potentials against STZ-induced diabetes, this behaviour may be attributed to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging mechanisms.
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3423
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Orologas-Stavrou N, Politou M, Rousakis P, Kostopoulos IV, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Jahaj E, Tsiligkeridou E, Gavriatopoulou M, Kastritis E, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulos MA, Tsitsilonis OE, Terpos E. Peripheral Blood Immune Profiling of Convalescent Plasma Donors Reveals Alterations in Specific Immune Subpopulations Even at 2 Months Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2020; 13:E26. [PMID: 33375675 PMCID: PMC7824046 DOI: 10.3390/v13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune profiling of patients with COVID-19 has shown that SARS-CoV-2 causes severe lymphocyte deficiencies (e.g., lymphopenia, decreased numbers, and exhaustion of T cells) and increased levels of pro-inflammatory monocytes. Peripheral blood (PB) samples from convalescent plasma (CP) donors, COVID-19 patients, and control subjects were analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry, allowing the identification of a wide panel of immune cells, comprising lymphocytes (T, B, natural killer (NK) and NKT cells), monocytes, granulocytes, and their subsets. Compared to active COVID-19 patients, our results revealed that the immune profile of recovered donors was restored for most subpopulations. Nevertheless, even 2 months after recovery, CP donors still had reduced levels of CD4+ T and B cells, as well as granulocytes. CP donors with non-detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in their serum were characterized by higher Th9 and Th17 cells, which were possibly expanded at the expense of Th2 humoral immunity. The most noticeable alterations were identified in previously hospitalized CP donors, who presented the lowest levels of CD8+ regulatory T cells, the highest levels of CD56+CD16- NKT cells, and a promotion of a Th17-type phenotype, which might be associated with a prolonged pro-inflammatory response. A longer follow-up of CP donors will eventually reveal the time needed for full recovery of their immune system competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (N.O.-S.); (P.R.); (I.V.K.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank, Aretaieion Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Pantelis Rousakis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (N.O.-S.); (P.R.); (I.V.K.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (N.O.-S.); (P.R.); (I.V.K.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Edison Jahaj
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Eleni Tsiligkeridou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (N.O.-S.); (P.R.); (I.V.K.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.T.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
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3424
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Guo C, Dong E, Lai Q, Zhou S, Zhang G, Wu M, Yue X, Tao Y, Peng Y, Ali J, Lu Y, Fu Y, Lai W, Zhang Z, Ma F, Yao Y, Gou L, Yang H, Yang J. Effective antitumor activity of 5T4-specific CAR-T cells against ovarian cancer cells in vitro and xenotransplanted tumors in vivo. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:338-350. [PMID: 34766126 PMCID: PMC8491242 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and despite the development of conventional therapies and new therapeutic approaches, the patient's survival time remains short because of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, effective methods to control tumor progression are urgently needed. The oncofetal tumor-associated antigen 5T4 (trophoblast glycoprotein, TPBG) represents an appealing target for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy as it is highly expressed on the surface of various tumor cells, has very limited expression in normal tissues, and spreads widely in malignant tumors throughout their development. In this study, we generated second-generation human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with redirected specificity to 5T4 (5T4 CAR-T) and demonstrated that these CAR-T cells can elicit lytic cytotoxicity in targeted tumor cells, in addition to the secretion of cytotoxic cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-2, and GM-CSF. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of 5T4 CAR-T cells significantly delayed tumor formation in xenografts of peritoneal and subcutaneous animal models. These results demonstrate the potential efficacy and feasibility of 5T4 CAR-T cell immunotherapy and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical study of future immunotherapies targeting 5T4 for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - E Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guangbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mengdan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhu Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Tao
- West China‐California Research Center for Predictive Intervention MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jamel Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringFAMU‐FSU College of EngineeringTallahasseeFlorida
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuyin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fanxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/Sichuan UniversityWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalChengduPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hanshuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
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3425
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Pasrija R, Naime M. The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107225. [PMID: 33302033 PMCID: PMC7691139 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians claim that the surge demonstrates a deregulated immune defence in host, as infected cell expression analysis depicts a delay in type-I (interferon-I) and type-III IFNs expression, along with a limited Interferon-Stimulated Gene (ISG) response, which later resume and culminates in elicitation of several cytokines including- IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα, IL-17, MCP-1, IP-10 and IL-10 etc. Although cytokines are messenger molecules of the immune system, but their increased concentration results in inflammation, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and lung injury in patients. This inflammatory response results in the precarious pathogenesis of COVID-19; thus, a complete estimation of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is vital in designing a harmless and effective vaccine. In pathogenesis analysis, it emerges that a timely forceful type-I IFN production (18-24hrs post infection) promotes innate and acquired immune responses, while a delay in IFNs production (3-4 days post infection) actually renders both innate and acquired responses ineffective in fighting infection. Further, underlying conditions including hypertension, obesity, cardio-vascular disease etc may increase the chances of putting people in risk groups, which end up having critical form of infection. This review summarizes the events starting from viral entry, its struggle with the immune system and failure of host immunological parameters to obliterate the infections, which finally culminate into massive release of CRS and inflammation in gravely ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Naime
- Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3426
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Zhu Y, Yu X, Thamphiwatana SD, Zheng Y, Pang Z. Nanomedicines modulating tumor immunosuppressive cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2054-2074. [PMID: 33304779 PMCID: PMC7714985 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has veered the paradigm of cancer treatment. Despite recent advances in immunotherapy for improved antitumor efficacy, the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly immunosuppressive, yielding both astounding and unsatisfactory clinical successes. In this regard, clinical outcomes of currently available immunotherapy are confined to the varied immune systems owing in large part to the lack of understanding of the complexity and diversity of the immune context of the TME. Various advanced designs of nanomedicines could still not fully surmount the delivery barriers of the TME. The immunosuppressive TME may even dampen the efficacy of antitumor immunity. Recently, some nanotechnology-related strategies have been inaugurated to modulate the immunosuppressive cells within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for robust immunotherapeutic responses. In this review, we will highlight the current understanding of the immunosuppressive TIME and identify disparate subclasses of TIME that possess an impact on immunotherapy, especially those unique classes associated with the immunosuppressive effect. The immunoregulatory cell types inside the immunosuppressive TIME will be delineated along with the existing and potential approaches for immunosuppressive cell modulation. After introducing the various strategies, we will ultimately outline both the novel therapeutic targets and the potential issues that affect the efficacy of TIME-based nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangrong Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Soracha D. Thamphiwatana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
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3427
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Fabrication of Polyethersulfone/Functionalized MWCNTs Nanocomposite and Investigation its Efficiency as an Adsorbent of Pb(II) Ions. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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3428
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Han R, Xiao Y, Yang Q, Pan M, Hao Y, He X, Peng J, Qian Z. Ag 2S nanoparticle-mediated multiple ablations reinvigorates the immune response for enhanced cancer photo-immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2020; 264:120451. [PMID: 33069133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely used in cancer treatment in recent years. However, it is difficult to completely eliminate tumors by single PTT, and the effects of single dose of PTT frequency on the therapeutic outcome of PTT and the multiple PTT-induced immune response in cancer therapy also remain unclear. Here, water-soluble Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) with optimal particle size (~15 nm) were synthesized and used as the PTT agents. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that Ag2S NPs had good photothermal conversion in response to the irradiation of an 808 nm laser, and the results indicated that the NPs have potential as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging as well as good biocompatibility. The in vivo results further revealed that the frequency of the Ag2S NP-mediated PTT affected the cancer therapeutic outcome. The increase of frequency efficiently reduced the primary tumor recurrence and alleviated metastasis. The present study suggested that the mechanism involves multiple PTT cycles inhibiting the proliferation of primary tumor cells and stimulating the systematic immune response in the mouse breast cancer model. Therefore, frequency optimization in photothermal ablation may provide a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic outcome in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Yang
- The School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinlong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3429
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Cao Y, Li S, Chen J. Modeling better in vitro models for the prediction of nanoparticle toxicity: a review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1828521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Jiamao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
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3430
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Chin PS, Bonifer C. Modelling t(8;21) acute myeloid leukaemia - What have we learned? MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:260-269. [PMID: 34766123 PMCID: PMC8491201 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous haematopoietic malignancy caused by recurrent mutations in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that affect both the epigenetic regulatory machinery and signalling molecules. The t(8;21) or RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 translocation generates the RUNX1‐ETO chimeric transcription factor which primes haematopoietic stem cells for further oncogenic mutational events that in their sum cause overt disease. Significant progress has been made in generating both in vitro and in vivo model systems to recapitulate t(8;21) AML which are crucial for the understanding of the biology of the disease and the development of effective treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the in vivo and in vitro model systems that were developed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of RUNX1‐ETO oncogenic activity and their contribution to the advancement of knowledge in the t(8;21) AML field. Such models include transgenic mice, patient‐derived xenografts, RUNX1‐ETO transduced human progenitor cells, cell lines and human embryonic stem cell model systems, making the t(8;21) as one of the well‐characterized sub‐type of AML at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulynn Suyin Chin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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3431
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Nakayama J, Gong Z. Transgenic zebrafish for modeling hepatocellular carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:140-156. [PMID: 34766114 PMCID: PMC8491243 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths throughout the world, and more than 0.6 million people die from liver cancer annually. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies to eliminate malignant cells from liver cancer patients are urgently needed. Recent advances in high‐throughput genomic technologies have identified de novo candidates for oncogenes and pharmacological targets. However, testing and understanding the mechanism of oncogenic transformation as well as probing the kinetics and therapeutic responses of spontaneous tumors in an intact microenvironment require in vivo examination using genetically modified animal models. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has attracted increasing attention as a new model for studying cancer biology since the organs in the model are strikingly similar to human organs and the model can be genetically modified in a short time and at a low cost. This review summarizes the current knowledge of epidemiological data and genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), zebrafish models of HCC, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting HCC based on knowledge from the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore
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3432
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Wu J, Wang Z, Zeng H, He L, Zhang Y, Huang G, Zhang F, Wei X, Huang W, Zhang G. Comparison of indocyanine green and methylene blue use for axillary reverse mapping during axillary lymph node dissection. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:211-218. [PMID: 34766119 PMCID: PMC8491232 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a technique to identify arm lymphatic drainage during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). This study compared the feasibility of ARM using indocyanine green (ICG) or methylene blue (MB), and accessed the oncologic safety of the procedure. Overall, 158 patients qualified for ALND were enrolled. The characteristics of ARM-identified nodes were recorded with ICG (n = 78) or MB (n = 80) visualization. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the nodes were performed and validated by histologic analysis. The nodal identification rate in the ICG group significantly surpassed that of the MB group (87.2% vs 52.5%, P < .05) with fewer complications. Note that 10.9% of the patients had metastatic involvement of the ARM-identified nodes. Also 80% of the positive nodes were found in areas B and D, while the ARM-identified nodes mainly located in area A. All the 51 nodes diagnosed as negative of malignancy by FNAC were free of metastasis. Nodal metastasis was significantly correlated with extensive nodel involvement, advanced disease, and the characteristics of identified nodes. In conclusion, ICG appears superior to MB for ARM nodes identification. FNAC, together with the features of primary tumors and ARM nodes, can delineate which nodes could be preserved during ALND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Dong Wu
- The Breast CenterCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Zun Wang
- ChangJiang Scholar's LaboratoryShantou University Medical College (SUMC)ShantouChina
| | - Huan‐Cheng Zeng
- The Breast CenterCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Li‐Fang He
- The Breast CenterCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Yong‐Qu Zhang
- The Breast CenterCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Guang‐Sheng Huang
- The Breast CenterCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Central LaboratoryCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xiao‐Long Wei
- Department of PathologyCancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Wen‐He Huang
- Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryXiang'an HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Guo‐Jun Zhang
- ChangJiang Scholar's LaboratoryShantou University Medical College (SUMC)ShantouChina
- Cancer Center & Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryXiang'an HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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3433
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Liu Y, Qi G, Bellanti JA, Moser R, Ryffel B, Zheng SG. Regulatory T cells: A potential weapon to combat COVID-19? MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:157-164. [PMID: 32838397 PMCID: PMC7436572 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 began to spread, an infection disease termed COVID-19. The virus has spread throughout the world in a short period of time, resulting in a pandemic. The number of reported cases in global reached 5 695 596 including 352 460 deaths, as of May 27, 2020. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for COVID-19, various strategies are being tested. Recently, pathologic studies conducted by two teams in China revealed immunopathologic abnormalities in lung tissue. These results have implications for immunotherapy that could offer a novel therapy strategy for combating lethal viral pneumonia. This review discusses the clinical and pathological features of COVID-19, the roles of immune cells in pathological processes, and the possible avenues for induction of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells attenuating lung inflammation due to viral infection. It is our hope that these proposals may both be helpful in understanding the novel features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia as well as providing new immunological strategies for treating the severe sequelae of disease manifestations seen in people infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical ImmunologySun Yat‐sen University Third Affiliated HospitalGuangzhouP. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Joseph A. Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology‐ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - René Moser
- Institute for Biopharmaceutical ResearchMatzingenSwitzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM)UMR 7355 INEMCNRS‐University of OrleansOrleansFrance
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal MedicineOhio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Medical CenterColumbusOhio
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3434
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Walsh KA, Jordan K, Clyne B, Rohde D, Drummond L, Byrne P, Ahern S, Carty PG, O'Brien KK, O'Murchu E, O'Neill M, Smith SM, Ryan M, Harrington P. SARS-CoV-2 detection, viral load and infectivity over the course of an infection. J Infect 2020; 81:357-371. [PMID: 32615199 PMCID: PMC7323671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise the evidence on the detection pattern and viral load of SARS-CoV-2 over the course of an infection (including any asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic phase), and the duration of infectivity. METHODS A systematic literature search was undertaken in PubMed, Europe PubMed Central and EMBASE from 30 December 2019 to 12 May 2020. RESULTS We identified 113 studies conducted in 17 countries. The evidence from upper respiratory tract samples suggests that the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 peaks around symptom onset or a few days thereafter, and becomes undetectable about two weeks after symptom onset; however, viral loads from sputum samples may be higher, peak later and persist for longer. There is evidence of prolonged virus detection in stool samples, with unclear clinical significance. No study was found that definitively measured the duration of infectivity; however, patients may not be infectious for the entire duration of virus detection, as the presence of viral ribonucleic acid may not represent transmissible live virus. CONCLUSION There is a relatively consistent trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 viral load over the course of COVID-19 from respiratory tract samples, however the duration of infectivity remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran A Walsh
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Karen Jordan
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Barbara Clyne
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland; Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela Rohde
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Linda Drummond
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Paula Byrne
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Susan Ahern
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Paul G Carty
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Kirsty K O'Brien
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Eamon O'Murchu
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Michelle O'Neill
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Susan M Smith
- Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research, Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Máirín Ryan
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Health Sciences, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
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3435
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Lei Y, Xie J, Huang Q, Pei F. Is there a maximal effect of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty? A randomized controlled trial. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:219-227. [PMID: 34766120 PMCID: PMC8491189 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal dosing regimen of tranexamic acid (TXA) has not been determined in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, patients were randomized to receive a high initial‐dose (60 mg/kg) TXA before incision, followed by five doses 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours later (A), or three doses 3, 12, and 24 hours later (B), or a single dose 3 hours later (C). The primary outcome was perioperative blood loss. Other outcomes such as, hemoglobin level, transfusion, the levels of fibrin (ogen) degradation products (FDP), D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), coagulation parameters, and adverse events were also compared. The results showed that individuals in Groups A and B had reduced total and hidden blood loss (HBL), lower FDP, D‐dimer, CRP, and IL‐6 levels than in Group C. Such differences were also detected in HBL between Groups A and B. No differences were observed in other outcomes between Groups A and B. No differences were observed in coagulation parameters and adverse events among the three groups. In conclusion, a high initial‐dose (60 mg/kg) TXA before TKA followed by three doses can be sufficient to achieve maximal effects on total blood loss, fibrinolysis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lei
- Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Pei
- Department of Orthopedics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu People's Republic of China
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3436
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Qu M, Ni Y, Guo B, Feng X, Jiang Z. Lycopene antagonizes lead toxicity by reducing mitochondrial oxidative damage and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:228-239. [PMID: 34766121 PMCID: PMC8491193 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exhibits serious adverse effects on the central nervous system, and the major pathogenic mechanism of Pb toxicity is oxidative stress. As one of the carotenoid family members with potent antioxidant properties, lycopene has shown its protections by inhibiting oxidative stress damage in numerous models of neurotoxicity. The current study was designed to explore the possible protective property in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons challenged with Pb. We observed that 5 μM lycopene pretreatment for 4 h efficiently ameliorated Pb‐caused damage in cell viability, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, lycopene (5 μM) attenuated the 50 μM Pb‐induced mitochondrial ROS production, improved the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and ATP production, and ameliorated the 50 μM Pb‐induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. In addition, 5 μM lycopene restored the imbalance of Bax/Bcl‐2, inhibited translocation of cytochrome c, and reduced caspase‐3 activation. Taken together, these findings indicate that lycopene antagonizes against Pb‐induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanism probably involves reduction of mitochondrial oxidative damage and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Qu
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China
| | - Yanli Ni
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China
| | - Baoshi Guo
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China
| | - Xin Feng
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China
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3437
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Khodadadi Yazdi M, Baradaran Ghavami S, Farokhimanesh S, Mohammadi Amirabad L, Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR, Hamblin MR, Zare M, Mozafari M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids Embedded in an Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel: An In Situ Drug Formation Platform for Accelerated Wound Healing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5096-5109. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samila Farokhimanesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mehrak Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3438
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Zhang H, Li S, Xu H, Sun L, Zhu Z, Yao Z. Interference of miR-107 with Atg12 is inhibited by HULC to promote metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:165-177. [PMID: 34766115 PMCID: PMC8491224 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) had a significant predictive effect on tumor growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the mechanisms of HULC on HCC still need to be clarified. We attempted to determine the roles of HULC and miR-107 in autophagy and invasion of HCC. HULC siRNA reduced the level of autophagy. The impact of HULC siRNA on invasion can be reversed by activating autophagy in HCC cell lines. Further studies on HULC and autophagy were conducted. An interacting sequence between HULC and miR-107, as well as miR-107 and Atg12, was predicted by software. The relationship of each pair of molecules was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. The negative impacts of miR-107 on autophagy and invasion were proved in HCC cell lines. The inhibitor of miR-107-promoted invasion can also be reversed by Atg12 siRNA. The changes of miR-107, Atg12, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and autophagy in transplanted tumors of mouse models also confirmed the results in HCC cell lines. Finally, we find that HULC acts as an endogenous sponge, which abolishes the binding of miR-107 on the Atg12 3'-UTR and promotes autophagy and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Liver Transplantation CenterNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in TransplantationBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shipeng Li
- Department of General SurgeryJiaozuo People's HospitalXinxiang Medical UniversityJiaozuoChina
| | - Haixu Xu
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Liying Sun
- Liver Transplantation CenterNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in TransplantationBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation CenterNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in TransplantationBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of ImmunologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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3439
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Tan F, Wang K, Liu J, Liu D, Luo J, Zhou R. Viral Transmission and Clinical Features in Asymptomatic Carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:547. [PMID: 33015099 PMCID: PMC7461982 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the clinical characteristics, viral shedding duration, and contact tracing for asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. The asymptomatic carriers were relatively young (median age: 34.5 years). Chest computed tomography showed no abnormalities. The nasopharyngeal swab was an optimum specimen for RNA testing. The median viral shedding duration was 11.5 days. Notably, 2 months of viral shedding duration were reported in two nurses, which was much longer than previously reported or than usually thought. The transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 by asymptomatic carriers during the studied period in Wuhan appeared to be weak. Only one patient (1/12) was found to have transmitted the virus to another person. Early asymptomatic carrier detection, isolation, and contact tracing could be useful to mitigate the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Respiratory Disease Research Institute of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiasheng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianfei Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Respiratory Disease Research Institute of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
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3440
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Zeng QQ, Zheng KI, Chen J, Jiang ZH, Tian T, Wang XB, Ma HL, Pan KH, Yang YJ, Chen YP, Zheng MH. Radiomics-based model for accurately distinguishing between severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A infected pneumonia. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:240-248. [PMID: 32838396 PMCID: PMC7436469 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians have been faced with the challenge of differentiating between severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infected pneumonia (NCP) and influenza A infected pneumonia (IAP), a seasonal disease that coincided with the outbreak. We aim to develop a machine‐learning algorithm based on radiomics to distinguish NCP from IAP by texture analysis based on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Forty‐one NCP and 37 IAP patients admitted from January to February 6, 2019 admitted to two hospitals in Wenzhou, China. All patients had undergone chest CT examination and blood routine tests prior to receiving medical treatment. NCP was diagnosed by real‐time RT‐PCR assays. Eight of 56 radiomic features extracted by LIFEx were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to develop a radiomics score and subsequently constructed into a nomogram to predict NCP with area under the operating characteristics curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval: 0.77‐0.93). The nomogram also showed excellent calibration with Hosmer‐Lemeshow test yielding a nonsignificant statistic (P = .904). The novel nomogram may efficiently distinguish between NCP and IAP patients. The nomogram may be incorporated to existing diagnostic algorithm to effectively stratify suspected patients for SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qiang Zeng
- Clinical Research Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Kenneth I Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Zheng-Hao Jiang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Wenzhou Central Hospital Wenzhou China
| | - Hong-Lei Ma
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Ke-Hua Pan
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yun-Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China.,Institute of Hepatology Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province Wenzhou China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China.,Institute of Hepatology Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province Wenzhou China
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3441
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Li Z, Gao J, Xiang Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang X. A pH-responsive polymer linked with immunomodulatory drugs: synthesis, characteristics and in vitro biocompatibility. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:724-735. [PMID: 32776438 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a promising method for cancer therapy. Imiquimod (R837) is a molecule that could activate immune systems for cancer immunotherapy, but an easily manufactured biocompatible carrier to deliver R837 may be needed to overcome the disadvantages of R837. Micelles formed by biocompatible copolymers have been widely used to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs but not immunotherapeutic drugs. In this study, R837 was linked to an amphiphilic biodegradable copolymer mPEG-b-PLA via acid-sensitive Schiff bases. The molecular structures were investigated by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The product could be self-assembled into micelles with R837 content as high as 22.4%. Owing to acid-cleavable Schiff bases, the release of R837 from micelles was markedly accelerated under acidic media. Consequently, the micelles linked with R837 stimulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex II-stimulating molecules on the surface of RAW 264.7 macrophages at pH 6.5 but not pH 7.4. By using human umbilical vein endothelial cells as the in vitro model, it was shown that the polymer carriers and R837-linked micelles were minimally cytotoxic and did not induce the activation of endothelial cells under physiological pH, which suggested the relatively high biocompatibility. In conclusion, this study successfully developed pH-responsive immunotherapeutic drug-loaded micelles that could activate macrophages at acidic pH in vitro. The high biocompatibility of the micelles to endothelial cells also indicated the potential uses under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zexing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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3442
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Qi JL, He JR, Liu CB, Jin SM, Gao RY, Yang X, Bai HM, Ma YB. Pulmonary Staphylococcus aureus infection regulates breast cancer cell metastasis via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:188-201. [PMID: 34766117 PMCID: PMC8491238 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was recently identified as one of the most important processes for the maintenance of host tissue homeostasis in bacterial infection. Meanwhile, pneumonia infection has a poor effect on cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Whether pneumonia‐mediated NETs increase lung metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we identified a critical role for multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection‐induced NETs in the regulation of cancer cell metastasis. Notably, S. aureus triggered autophagy‐dependent NETs formation in vitro and in vivo and increased cancer cell metastasis. Targeting autophagy effectively regulated NETs formation, which contributed to the control of cancer metastasis in vivo. Moreover, the degradation of NETs by DNase I significantly suppresses metastasis in lung. Our work offers novel insight into the mechanisms of metastasis induced by bacterial pneumonia and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for pneumonia‐related metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Qi
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Kunming China
| | - Jin-Rong He
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Kunming China.,School of Basic Medical School Kunming Medical University Kunming China
| | - Cun-Bao Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Kunming China
| | - Shu-Mei Jin
- Department of Pharmacology Laboratory Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica NO24, LENGSHUITANG, BIJI ROAD, XISHAN QU Kunming 650000 China
| | - Rui-Yu Gao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Kunming China
| | - Xu Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Kunming China
| | - Hong-Mei Bai
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Kunming China
| | - Yan-Bing Ma
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Kunming China
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3443
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Qu J, Wickramasinghe NC. The world should establish an early warning system for new viral infectious diseases by space-weather monitoring. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:423-426. [PMID: 32838395 PMCID: PMC7404868 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of several new epidemics of viral infections – SARS, MERS, EBOLA, ZIKA, Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic,Covid‐2019 ‐ over the past 3 decades we suggest that a world‐wide programme of stratospheric surveillance and space weather monitoring should be urgently put in place without further delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwen Qu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tianjin China
| | - N Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology University of Buckingham Buckingham UK.,Sri Lanka Centre for Astrobiology University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka.,National Institute of Fundamental Studies Kandy Sri Lanka.,Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics Gifu Japan
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3444
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Agarose-based biomaterials for advanced drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 326:523-543. [PMID: 32702391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Agarose is a prominent marine polysaccharide representing reversible thermogelling behavior, outstanding mechanical properties, high bioactivity, and switchable chemical reactivity for functionalization. As a result, agarose has received particular attention in the fabrication of advanced delivery systems as sophisticated carriers for therapeutic agents. The ever-growing use of agarose-based biomaterials for drug delivery systems resulted in rapid growth in the number of related publications, however still, a long way should be paved to achieve FDA approval for most of the proposed products. This review aims at a classification of agarose-based biomaterials and their derivatives applicable for controlled/targeted drug delivery purposes. Moreover, it attempts to deal with opportunities and challenges associated with the future developments ahead of agarose-based biomaterials in the realm of advanced drug delivery. Undoubtedly, this class of biomaterials needs further advancement, and a lot of critical questions have yet to be answered.
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3445
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Li S, Liu R, Pan Q, Wang G, Cheng D, Yang J, Chen H, Xu G. De novo lipogenesis is elicited dramatically in human hepatocellular carcinoma especially in hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:178-187. [PMID: 34766116 PMCID: PMC8491216 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Abnormal de novo lipogenesis is reported to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. In current study, de novo lipogenesis and its association with patient survival rate were investigated in human HCC samples induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or nonviral factors. Hepatic mRNA and protein levels of lipogenic transcription factors and lipid synthesis enzymes were examined by realtime‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and western blot. Association of gene expression and patient survival was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Lipogenic pathway regulators such as AKT2, SREBP1c, PPARγ, and lipogenic enzymes such as ACC and FAS were increased in human HCC when compared with control livers. Notably, a more robust increase in de novo lipogenesis was observed in HCV‐HCC when compared to HBV‐HCC and nonviral HCC. High FAS and ACC expression correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in HCV‐HCC. High expression of lipogenesis gene panel significantly correlated with poor OS in HCV‐HCC, but not in HBV‐HCC or nonviral HCC. In sum, de novo lipogenesis is stimulated dramatically in human HCC especially in HCV‐HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian Li
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Qinling Pan
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Genshu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Daorou Cheng
- Hepatobiliary Pancreaticosplenic Surgery Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University Foshan China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Hui Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology School of Medicine Jinan University Guangzhou China
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3446
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Zhu C, Shi H, Wu M, Wei X. A dual MET/AXL small-molecule inhibitor exerts efficacy against gastric carcinoma through killing cancer cells as well as modulating tumor microenvironment. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:103-118. [PMID: 34766112 PMCID: PMC8489669 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases MET and AXL have been implicated in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of multiple malignancies. We performed this study to evaluate the antitumor impact of LY2801653, a dual MET and AXL inhibitor on gastric cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, tissue microarrays containing gastric cancer tissues were stained with MET and AXL antibodies, which showed the prognostic values of MET and AXL. Administration of LY2801653 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, induced apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Xenograft mouse models showed suppressed cell proliferation of tumors in high MET and AXL expression cells. LY2801653 also inhibited the growth of MET and AXL‐independent cells at higher but clinically relevant doses through decreased angiogenesis and M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for MET and AXL as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. The dual MET/AXL inhibitor LY2801653 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Zhu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China.,Department of Radiation Oncology Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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Kong L, Xiao F, Wang L, Li M, Wang D, Feng Z, Huang L, Wei Y, Li H, Liu F, Kang Y, Liao X, Zhang W. Intermedin promotes vessel fusion by inducing VE-cadherin accumulation at potential fusion sites and to achieve a dynamic balance between VE-cadherin-complex dissociation/reconstitution. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:84-102. [PMID: 34766111 PMCID: PMC8489673 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To create a closed vascular system, angiogenic sprouts must meet and connect in a process called vessel fusion, which is a prerequisite for establishment of proper blood flow in nascent vessels. However, the molecular machinery underlying this process remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that intermedin (IMD), a calcitonin family member, promotes vessel fusion by inducing endothelial cells (ECs) to enter a "ready-to-anchor" state. IMD promotes vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) accumulation at the potential fusion site to facilitate anchoring of approaching vessels to each other. Simultaneously, IMD fine-tunes VEC activity to achieve a dynamic balance between VEC complex dissociation and reconstitution in order to widen the anastomotic point. IMD induces persistent VEC phosphorylation. Internalized phospho-VEC preferentially binds to Rab4 and Rab11, which facilitate VEC vesicle recycling back to the cell-cell contact for reconstruction of the VEC complex. This novel mechanism may explain how neovessels contact and fuse to adjacent vessels to create a closed vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Liver Transplantation Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Chengdu China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
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