301
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Imparting functionality to a metal–organic framework material by controlled nanoparticle encapsulation. Nat Chem 2012; 4:310-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1605] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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302
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Kruss S, Srot V, van Aken PA, Spatz JP. Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticle patterns of tunable size and density on glass and polymeric supports. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1562-8. [PMID: 22168477 DOI: 10.1021/la204395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a method to pattern surfaces with Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticles. We used block copolymer micelle lithography of Au nanoparticles and electroless deposition of Ag. The combination of these two methods enables independent tuning of nanoparticle spacing and Ag-shell size. For this purpose, 8 nm large patterned Au nanoparticle seeds served as nuclei for the electroless deposition of silver that is based on a modified Tollens process with glucose. By adjusting the reaction conditions, specific growth of Ag on top of the Au seeds has been accomplished and analyzed by SEM, HRTEM, XEDS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. We could show that this versatile and green method is feasible on glass as well as on biomedical-relevant polymers like poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels and amorphous Teflon. In conclusion, this method provides a new route to pattern glass and polymeric surfaces with Au-Ag hybrid nanoparticles. It will have many uses in applications such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) or antimicrobial coatings for which hybrid nanoparticle density, size, and morphology are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kruss
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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303
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Olliges-Stadler I, Stötzel J, Koziej D, Rossell MD, Grunwaldt JD, Nachtegaal M, Frahm R, Niederberger M. Study of the Chemical Mechanism Involved in the Formation of Tungstite in Benzyl Alcohol by the Advanced QEXAFS Technique. Chemistry 2012; 18:2305-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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304
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Kim SJ, An HH, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Kim YH, Yoon CS, Suh SH. Formation of Ag nanostrings induced by lyotropic liquid-crystalline phospholipid multilayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:259-263. [PMID: 22118599 DOI: 10.1021/la203721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Morphological variation of the Ag nanoparticles embedded in a lyotropic phospholipid (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, DOPE) membrane during hydration was investigated. Hydration at 5 °C resulted in transformation of the Ag nanoparticles into a bundle of Ag nanostrings as the Ag nanoparticles conformed to the H(II) phase of the DOPE molecules. Above 30 °C, the nanoparticles quickly coarsened into large polygonal-shaped particles since high mobility of the lipid molecules overwhelmed the tendency for the Ag nanoparticles to order. The result provided an insight into the long-term stability of nanoparticles trapped in different lipid membranes depending on the structural ordering of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk J Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
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305
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Ranu BC, Dey R, Chatterjee T, Ahammed S. Copper nanoparticle-catalyzed carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation with a greener perspective. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:22-44. [PMID: 22213696 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations constitute the backbone of organic synthesis and have been widely used in the synthesis of natural products and useful compounds. Because of growing environmental concern, more attention has been focussed on the development of greener methods. Copper is environment-friendly and comparatively inexpensive. Although the use of copper salts in catalysis has been known since the last century, this area of research has been less explored compared to other metals, such as palladium, magnesium, and zinc. This review highlights the general features of nanoparticles as catalysts with particular reference to copper and the recent developments in the copper(0) nanoparticle-catalyzed C(aryl)-C(aryl/alkynyl), C(aryl)-N, C(aryl)-O, C(aryl)-S, and C(aryl)-Se bond formations and related reactions. The mechanisms of the reactions have been outlined and discussed with respect to the active catalytic species and possible intermediates. The scope, limitations, and green aspects of the reactions have also been highlighted. The convenient methods of preparation of copper nanoparticles and their characterization are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindaban C Ranu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.
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306
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Bartczak D, Muskens OL, Nitti S, Sanchez-Elsner T, Millar TM, Kanaras AG. Interactions of human endothelial cells with gold nanoparticles of different morphologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:122-30. [PMID: 22102541 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between noncancerous, primary endothelial cells and gold nanoparticles with different morphologies but the same ligand capping are investigated. The endothelial cells are incubated with gold nanospheres, nanorods, hollow gold spheres, and core/shell silica/gold nanocrystals, which are coated with monocarboxy (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl) hexaethylene glycol (OEG). Cell viability studies show that all types of gold particles are noncytotoxic. The number of particles taken up by the cells is estimated using inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and are found to differ depending on particle morphology. The above results are discussed with respect to heating efficiency. Using experimental data reported earlier and theoretical model calculations which take into account the physical properties and distribution of particles in the cellular microenvironment, it is found that collective heating effects of several cells loaded with nanoparticles must be included to explain the observed viability of the endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartczak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
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307
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Redel E, Petrov S, Dag O, Moir J, Huai C, Mirtchev P, Ozin GA. Green nanochemistry: metal oxide nanoparticles and porous thin films from bare metal powders. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:68-72. [PMID: 22095912 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A universal, simple, robust, widely applicable and cost-effective aqueous process is described for a controlled oxidative dissolution process of micrometer-sized metal powders to form high-purity aqueous dispersions of colloidally stable 3-8 nm metal oxide nanoparticles. Their utilization for making single and multilayer optically transparent high-surface-area nanoporous films is demonstrated. This facile synthesis is anticipated to find numerous applications in materials science, engineering, and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engelbert Redel
- Lash Miller Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Centre for Inorganic and Polymeric Nanomaterials, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
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308
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Kim HB, Jang DJ. Precursor-dependent shape variation of wurtzite CdSe crystals in a microwave-assisted polyol process. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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309
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Pei Y, Zhou G, Luan N, Zong B, Qiao M, Tao F(F. Synthesis and catalysis of chemically reduced metal–metalloid amorphous alloys. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:8140-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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310
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Zhang Q, Ren Q, Miao Y, Yuan J, Wang K, Li F, Han D, Niu L. One-step synthesis of graphene/polyallylamine–Au nanocomposites and their electrocatalysis toward oxygen reduction. Talanta 2012; 89:391-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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311
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Kind C, Popescu R, Schneider R, Müller E, Gerthsen D, Feldmann C. Advanced bimetallic In–Cu/Ag/Au nanostructures via microemulsion-based reaction. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21659k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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312
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Mou X, Wei X, Li Y, Shen W. Tuning crystal-phase and shape of Fe2O3 nanoparticles for catalytic applications. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25109d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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313
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Prado Y, Dia N, Lisnard L, Rogez G, Brisset F, Catala L, Mallah T. Tuning the magnetic anisotropy in coordination nanoparticles: random distribution versus core–shell architecture. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11455-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35929d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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314
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Kim Y, Kim D, Kwon I, Jung HW, Cho J. Solvent-free nanoparticle fluids with highly collective functionalities for layer-by-layer assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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315
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Guarino G, Rastrelli F, Mancin F. Mapping the nanoparticle-coating monolayer with NMR pseudocontact shifts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1523-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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316
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Zhang C, Lin J. Defect-related luminescent materials: synthesis, emission properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:7938-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35215j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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317
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Enderle F, Dubbers O, Plettl A, Ziemann P. Controlled positioning of nanoparticles on a micrometer scale. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:773-7. [PMID: 23213640 PMCID: PMC3512126 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For many applications it is desirable to have nanoparticles positioned on top of a given substrate well separated from each other and arranged in arrays of a certain geometry. For this purpose, a method is introduced combining the bottom-up self-organization of precursor-loaded micelles providing Au nanoparticles (NPs), with top-down electron-beam lithography. As an example, 13 nm Au NPs are arranged in a square array with interparticle distances >1 µm on top of Si substrates. By using these NPs as masks for a subsequent reactive ion etching, the square pattern is transferred into Si as a corresponding array of nanopillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Enderle
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Dubbers
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alfred Plettl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Ziemann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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318
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Li N, Wang JG, Zhou HJ, Sun PC, Chen TH. Facile fabrication of hierarchically nanoporous SBA-1 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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319
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Jin H, Wang C, Hong B, Ling L, Gu X, Jin D, Peng X, Wang X, Ge H. Formation of FexOy hollow nanospheres inside cage type mesoporous materials: a nanocasting pathway. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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320
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Kozlova D, Chernousova S, Knuschke T, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Epple M. Cell targeting by antibody-functionalized calcium phosphatenanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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321
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Colombo A, Tassone F, Mauri M, Salerno D, Delaney JK, Palmer MR, Rie RDL, Simonutti R. Highly transparent nanocomposite films from water-based poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/TiO2 dispersions. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20571h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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322
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Redel E, Huai C, Renner M, von Freymann G, Ozin GA. Hierarchical nanoparticle bragg mirrors: tandem and gradient architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:3465-3471. [PMID: 22009683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To manipulate electrons in semiconductor electronic and optical devices, the usual approach is through materials composition, electronic bandgap, doping, and interface engineering. More advanced strategies for handling electrons in semiconductor devices include composition-controlled heterostructures and gradient structures. By analogy to the manipulation of electrons in semiconductor crystals by electronic bandgaps, photons in photonic crystals can be managed using photonic bandgaps. In this context, the simplest photonic crystal is the Bragg mirror, a periodic dielectric construct whose photonic bandgap is engineered through variations of the optical thickness of its constituent layers. Traditionally the materials comprising these periodic dielectric layers are nonporous, and they have mainly been used in the field of optical and photonic devices. More recently these Bragg mirrors have been made porous by building the layers from nanoparticles with functionality and utility that exploit their internal voids. These structures are emerging in the area of photonic color-coded chemical sensing and controlled chemical release. Herein, a strategy for enhancing the functionality and potential utility of nanoparticle Bragg mirrors by making the constituent dielectric layers aperiodic and porous is described. It is exemplified by prototypical tandem and gradient structures that are fully characterized with regards to their structure, porosity, and optical and photonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engelbert Redel
- Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Center for Inorganic and Polymeric Nanomaterials, Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
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323
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Kikukawa Y, Kuroda Y, Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N. Diamond-Shaped [Ag4]4+ Cluster Encapsulated by Silicotungstate Ligands: Synthesis and Catalysis of Hydrolytic Oxidation of Silanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:2434-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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324
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Kikukawa Y, Kuroda Y, Yamaguchi K, Mizuno N. Diamond-Shaped [Ag4]4+ Cluster Encapsulated by Silicotungstate Ligands: Synthesis and Catalysis of Hydrolytic Oxidation of Silanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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325
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Firoz Babu K, Marxe K, Anbu Kulandainathan M. Anodically fabricated TiO2 nanopores for electrocatalytic reduction of aldehydes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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326
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Ouadahi K, Allard E, Oberleitner B, Larpent C. Synthesis of azide-functionalized nanoparticles by microemulsion polymerization and surface modification by click chemistry in aqueous medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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327
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Freudenmann D, Wolf S, Wolff M, Feldmann C. Ionic liquids: new perspectives for inorganic synthesis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11050-60. [PMID: 21990270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are credited with a number of unusual properties. These include a low vapor pressure, a wide liquid-phase range, weakly coordinating properties, and a high thermal/chemical stability. These properties are certainly of great interest for inorganic synthesis and the creation of novel inorganic compounds. On the other hand, the synthesis repertoire for preparing inorganic compounds has always been broad, ranging from syntheses in solutions and melts to solid-state reactions, and from crystal growth in the gas phase to high-pressure syntheses. What new aspects can ionic liquids then add to the synthesis of inorganic compounds? This Minireview uses some early examples to show that the use of ionic liquids indeed provides access to unusual inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Freudenmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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328
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Freudenmann D, Wolf S, Wolff M, Feldmann C. Ionische Flüssigkeiten - neue Perspektiven für die anorganische Synthesechemie? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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329
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Dong F, Guo W, Bae JH, Kim SH, Ha CS. Highly porous, water-soluble, superparamagnetic, and biocompatible magnetite nanocrystal clusters for targeted drug delivery. Chemistry 2011; 17:12802-8. [PMID: 21954062 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particles have become very promising materials for drug delivery. However, preparation of magnetite particles with high surface area, biocompatibility, strong magnetic response, and suitable particle size still remains a major challenge. In this report, magnetite nanocrystal clusters with high surface areas were fabricated through a solvothermal process by introducing ammonium acetate as a porogen and trisodium citrate as a surface modification agent. The porosity, which was controlled by the reactant concentration, has been investigated in detail. The surface area of the nanocrystal clusters was as high as 141 m(2) g(-1). Ibuprofen, as a model drug, was entrapped into the magnetite carriers. The interfacial interaction between the carboxylic groups on the drug molecules and the carboxylate groups on the carriers enhanced the loading efficiency. Low cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell and in vitro constant drug release behavior combined with the high drug loading efficiency and high saturation magnetization values demonstrated the potential of the as-synthesized magnetite materials in targeted drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Dong
- Pioneer Research Center for Nanogrid Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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330
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Tahir MN, André R, Sahoo JK, Jochum FD, Theato P, Natalio F, Berger R, Branscheid R, Kolb U, Tremel W. Hydrogen peroxide sensors for cellular imaging based on horse radish peroxidase reconstituted on polymer-functionalized TiO₂ nanorods. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3907-3914. [PMID: 21845257 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the reconstitution of apo-horse radish peroxidase (apo-HRP) onto TiO(2) nanorods functionalized with a multifunctional polymer. After functionalization, the horse radish peroxidase (HRP) functionalized TiO(2) nanorods were well dispersible in aqueous solution, catalytically active and biocompatible, and they could be used to quantify and image H(2)O(2) which is a harmful secondary product of cellular metabolism. The shape, size and structure of TiO(2) nanorods (anatase) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), electron diffraction (ED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface functionalization, HRP reconstitution and catalytic activity were confirmed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, CLSM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biocompatibility and cellular internalization of active HRP reconstituted TiO(2) nanorods were confirmed by a classical MTT cytotoxicity assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging, respectively. The intracellular localization allowed H(2)O(2) detection, imaging and quantification in HeLa cells. The polymer functionalized hybrid system creates a complete sensor including a "cell positioning system" in each single particle. The flexible synthetic concept with functionalization by post-polymerization modification allows introduction of various dyes for sensitisation at different wavelengths and introduction of various anchor groups for anchoring on different particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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331
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Han L, Wiedwald U, Biskupek J, Fauth K, Kaiser U, Ziemann P. Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:473-485. [PMID: 22003453 PMCID: PMC3190617 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The thermally activated formation of nanoscale CoPt alloys was investigated, after deposition of self-assembled Co nanoparticles on textured Pt(111) and epitaxial Pt(100) films on MgO(100) and SrTiO(3)(100) substrates, respectively. For this purpose, metallic Co nanoparticles (diameter 7 nm) were prepared with a spacing of 100 nm by deposition of precursor-loaded reverse micelles, subsequent plasma etching and reduction on flat Pt surfaces. The samples were then annealed at successively higher temperatures under a H(2) atmosphere, and the resulting variations of their structure, morphology and magnetic properties were characterized. We observed pronounced differences in the diffusion and alloying of Co nanoparticles on Pt films with different orientations and microstructures. On textured Pt(111) films exhibiting grain sizes (20-30 nm) smaller than the particle spacing (100 nm), the formation of local nanoalloys at the surface is strongly suppressed and Co incorporation into the film via grain boundaries is favoured. In contrast, due to the absence of grain boundaries on high quality epitaxial Pt(100) films with micron-sized grains, local alloying at the film surface was established. Signatures of alloy formation were evident from magnetic investigations. Upon annealing to temperatures up to 380 °C, we found an increase both of the coercive field and of the Co orbital magnetic moment, indicating the formation of a CoPt phase with strongly increased magnetic anisotropy compared to pure Co. At higher temperatures, however, the Co atoms diffuse into a nearby surface region where Pt-rich compounds are formed, as shown by element-specific microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Han
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulf Wiedwald
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Materialwissenschaftliche Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kai Fauth
- Experimentelle Physik IV, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Materialwissenschaftliche Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Ziemann
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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332
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Bartczak D, Kanaras AG. Preparation of peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles using one pot EDC/sulfo-NHS coupling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10119-23. [PMID: 21728291 DOI: 10.1021/la2022177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although carbodiimides and succinimides are broadly employed for the formation of amide bonds (i.e., in amino acid coupling), their use in the coupling of peptides to water-soluble carboxylic-terminated colloidal gold nanoparticles remains challenging. In this article, we present an optimization study for the successful coupling of the KPQPRPLS peptide to spherical and rodlike colloidal gold nanoparticles. We show that the concentration, reaction time, and chemical environment are all critical to achieving the formation of robust, peptide-coated colloidal nanoparticles. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used for the characterization of conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartczak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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333
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Hwang CH, Park JP, Song MY, Lee JH, Shim IW. Syntheses of CdTe Quantum Dots and Nanoparticles through Simple Sonochemical Method under Multibubble Sonoluminescence Conditions. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.7.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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334
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Kim YH, Jeon J, Hong SH, Rhim WK, Lee YS, Youn H, Chung JK, Lee MC, Lee DS, Kang KW, Nam JM. Tumor targeting and imaging using cyclic RGD-PEGylated gold nanoparticle probes with directly conjugated iodine-125. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2052-60. [PMID: 21688390 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine-labeled, cyclic RGD-PEGylated gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probes are designed and synthesized for targeting cancer cells and imaging tumor sites. These iodine-125-labeled cRGD-PEG-AuNP probes are stable in various conditions including a range of pHs and high salt and temperature conditions. These probes can target selectively and be taken up by tumor cells via integrin αvβ3-receptor-mediated endocytosis with no cytotoxicity. The probes show a significant increase in the avidity of αvβ3 integrin compared to the corresponding free cRGD peptides. In-vivo SPECT/CT imaging results show that the iodine-125-labeled cRGD-PEG-AuNP probes can target the tumor site as soon as 10 min after injection, and also that cyclic RGD peptides are needed for efficient and long-term in-vivo monitoring. The results suggest that the probes circulate through the whole body, including renal filtration, and are excretable. These promising results show that radioactive-iodine-labeled gold nanoprobes have potential for highly specific and sensitive tumor imaging or for use as angiogenesis-targeted SPECT/CT imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
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335
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Beija M, Marty JD, Destarac M. RAFT/MADIX polymers for the preparation of polymer/inorganic nanohybrids. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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336
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Puertas S, Batalla P, Moros M, Polo E, Del Pino P, Guisan JM, Grazú V, de la Fuente JM. Taking advantage of unspecific interactions to produce highly active magnetic nanoparticle-antibody conjugates. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4521-8. [PMID: 21526783 DOI: 10.1021/nn200019s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several strategies for linking antibodies (Abs) through their Fc region in an oriented manner have been proposed at the present time. By using these strategies, the Fab region of the Ab is available for antigen molecular recognition, leading to a more efficient interaction. Most of these strategies are complex processes optimized mainly for the functionalization of surfaces or microbeads. These methodologies imply though the Ab modification through several steps of purification or the use of expensive immobilized proteins. Besides, the functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) turned out to be much more complex than expected due to the lack of stability of most MNPs at high ionic strength and non-neutral pH values. Therefore, there is still missing an efficient, easy and universal methodology for the immobilization of nonmodified Abs onto MNPs without involving their Fab regions during the immobilization process. Herein, we propose the functionalization of MNPs via a two-steps strategy that takes advantage of the ionic reversible interactions between the Ab and the MNP. These interactions make possible the orientation of the Ab on the MNP surface before being attached in an irreversible way via covalent bonds. Three Abs (Immunoglobulin G class) with very different isoelectric points (against peroxidase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) were used to prove the general applicability of the strategy here proposed and its utility for the development of more bioactive NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Puertas
- Biofunctionalization of Nanoparticles and Surfaces (BioNanoSurf), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edifício I+D, Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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337
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Wang D, Wang Q, Wang T. Morphology-controllable synthesis of cobalt oxalates and their conversion to mesoporous Co3O4 nanostructures for application in supercapacitors. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6482-92. [PMID: 21671652 DOI: 10.1021/ic200309t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, one-dimensional and layered parallel folding of cobalt oxalate nanostructures have been selectively prepared by a one-step, template-free, water-controlled precipitation approach by simply altering the solvents used at ambient temperature and pressure. Encouragingly, the feeding order of solutions played an extraordinary role in the synthesis of nanorods and nanowires. After calcination in air, the as-prepared cobalt oxalate nanostructures were converted to mesoporous Co(3)O(4) nanostructures while their original frame structures were well maintained. The phase composition, morphology, and structure of the as-obtained products were studied in detail. Electrochemical properties of the Co(3)O(4) electrodes were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements by a three-electrode system. The electrochemical experiments revealed that the layered parallel folding structure of mesoporous Co(3)O(4) exhibited higher capacitance compared to that of the nanorods and nanowires. A maximum specific capacitance of 202.5 F g (-1) has been obtained in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte at a current density of 1 A g(-1) with a voltage window from 0 to 0.40 V. Furthermore, the specific capacitance decay after 1000 continuous charge-discharge cycles was negligible, revealing the excellent stability of the electrode. These characteristics indicate that the mesoporous Co(3)O(4) nanostructures are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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338
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Leidinger P, Popescu R, Gerthsen D, Lünsdorf H, Feldmann C. Nanoscale copper sulfide hollow spheres with phase-engineered composition: covellite (CuS), digenite (Cu1.8S), chalcocite (Cu2S). NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2544-51. [PMID: 21556411 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Covellite (CuS), digenite (Cu(1.8)S) and chalcocite (Cu(2)S) are prepared as nanoscaled hollow spheres by reaction at the liquid-to-liquid phase boundary of a w/o-microemulsion. According to electron microscopy (SEM, STEM, TEM, HRTEM) the hollow spheres exhibit an outer diameter of 32-36 nm, a wall thickness of 8-12 nm and an inner cavity of 8-16 nm in diameter. The phase composition is determined based on HRTEM, electron-energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis. In face of the advanced morphology of the hollow spheres, precise control of its phase composition is nevertheless possible by adjusting the experimental conditions (i.e. type and concentration of the copper precursor, concentration of ammonia inside of the micelle). Such phase-engineering of nanoscale hollow spheres is firstly observed and might allow adjusting even further compositions/structures as well as tailoring of phase-specific properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Leidinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 15, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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339
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Li G, Li L, Zheng J. Understanding the defect chemistry of oxide nanoparticles for creating new functionalities: A critical review. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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340
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Cybinska J, Lorbeer C, Zych E, Mudring AV. Ionic liquid-based synthesis--a low-temperature route to nanophosphates. CHEMSUSCHEM 2011; 4:595-598. [PMID: 21538917 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cybinska
- Anorganische Chemie I--Festkörperchemie und Materialien, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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341
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Urata C, Yamada H, Wakabayashi R, Aoyama Y, Hirosawa S, Arai S, Takeoka S, Yamauchi Y, Kuroda K. Aqueous colloidal mesoporous nanoparticles with ethenylene-bridged silsesquioxane frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8102-5. [PMID: 21539358 DOI: 10.1021/ja201779d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous colloidal mesoporous nanoparticles with ethenylene-bridged silsesquioxane frameworks with a uniform diameter of ∼20 nm were prepared from bis(triethoxysilyl)ethenylene in a basic aqueous solution containing cationic surfactants. The nanoparticles, which had higher hydrolysis resistance under aqueous conditions, showed lower hemolytic activity toward bovine red blood cells than colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Urata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan
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342
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Wang J, Sugawara-Narutaki A, Fukao M, Yokoi T, Shimojima A, Okubo T. Two-phase synthesis of monodisperse silica nanospheres with amines or ammonia catalyst and their controlled self-assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1538-44. [PMID: 21480630 DOI: 10.1021/am200104m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A significant progress has recently been made in the synthesis of monodisperse silica nanoparticles less than 30 nm in diameter by using basic amino acids (e.g., lysine) as a base catalyst for hydrolysis of silicon alkoxide. Alternatively, a more versatile and economical amino acid-free method has been developed to synthesize uniform silica nanospheres (SNSs) with low polydispersity (<12%) in liquid-liquid biphasic systems containing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), water, and primary amine (or ammonia) under precisely controlled pH conditions (pH 10.8-11.4). The diameter of the SNSs determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can be tuned from ∼12 to ∼36 nm by simply changing the initial pH of the aqueous phase in the reaction mixtures. Furthermore, the as-synthesized sol was taken as the starting material for studying the influences of the type of base catalysts on the solvent evaporation-induced three-dimensional (3D) self-assembly of SNSs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption are used to characterize the degree of packing of the resulting 3D arrays. The assembled SNSs with large interparticle mesopores with the diameter of ca. 8.1 nm and low packing fraction of ca. 66.1% are observed upon solvent evaporation of as-synthesized sol in the presence of primary amine. This indicates that SNSs are loosely packed, compared with the packing fraction of 74% for a face-centered cubic array of ideal hard spheres. In contrast, with the aid of an organic buffer or lysine as additives, the assembly of SNSs having smaller mesopores (ca. 3.9 nm) and higher packing fraction of 70.5-71.5% are achieved. It is suggested that the chemical additives with the ability to maintain relatively strong repulsive interaction until the final stage of evaporation play a vital role in the fabrication of well-ordered SNSs arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Wang
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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343
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344
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Redel E, Mirtchev P, Huai C, Petrov S, Ozin GA. Nanoparticle films and photonic crystal multilayers from colloidally stable, size-controllable zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2011; 5:2861-2869. [PMID: 21391710 DOI: 10.1021/nn103464r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile sol-gel synthesis of colloidally stable Fe(2)O(3) and ZnO nanoparticles in alcoholic solvents, ROH, where R = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl. We show that nanoparticles of ZnO (4-42) nm and Fe(2)O(3) (4-38 nm) monotonically increase in size upon increasing the alkyl chain length and branching of the alcohol solvent. These colloidally stable and size-controllable metal oxide nanoparticles enable the formation of high optical quality films and photonic crystal multilayers whose component layer thickness, refractive index, porosity, and surface area are found to scale with the nature of the alcohol. Utility of these colloidally stable nanoparticles is demonstrated by preparation of one-dimensional porous photonic crystals comprising ncZnO/ncWO(3) and ncFe(2)O(3)/ncWO(3) multilayers whose photonic stop band can be tuned by tailoring nanoparticle size. Myriad applications can be envisaged for these nanoparticle films in, for example, heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, chemical sensors, and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engelbert Redel
- Materials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Center for Inorganic and Polymeric Nanomaterials, Chemistry Department, 80 St.George Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
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345
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Behrens S. Preparation of functional magnetic nanocomposites and hybrid materials: recent progress and future directions. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:877-892. [PMID: 21165500 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current research activities on functional, magnetic nanocomposite materials. After a brief introduction to general strategies for the synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs), different concepts and state-of-the-art solution chemical methods for their integration into various types of functional, magnetic nanocomposite materials will be reviewed. The focus is on functional materials which are based on discrete magnetic NPs, including multicomponent nanostructures, colloidal nanocrystals, matrix-dispersed composite materials and mesoscaled particles. The review further outlines the magnetic, structural, and surface properties of the materials with regard to application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Behrens
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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346
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Bartczak D, Sanchez-Elsner T, Louafi F, Millar TM, Kanaras AG. Receptor-mediated interactions between colloidal gold nanoparticles and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:388-394. [PMID: 21294268 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to manipulate cell operations is demonstrated, based on membrane-receptor-specific interactions between colloidal peptide-capped gold nanoparticles and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. It is shown that colloidal gold nanoparticles of similar charge and size but capped with different peptide sequences can deliberately trigger specific cell functions related to the important biological process of blood vessel growth known as angiogenesis. Specific binding of the peptide-capped particles to two endothelial-expressed receptors (VEGFR-1, NRP-1), which control angiogenesis, is achieved. The cellular fate of the functional nanoparticles is imaged and the influence of the different peptide-coated nanoparticles on the gene expression profile of hypoxia-related and angiogenic genes is monitored. The findings open up new avenues towards the deliberate biological control of cellular functions using strategically designed nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartczak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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347
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Thielbeer F, Donaldson K, Bradley M. Zeta Potential Mediated Reaction Monitoring on Nano and Microparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:144-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bc1005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thielbeer
- University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, King’s Buildings, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Donaldson
- ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, King’s Buildings, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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348
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Mallavajula RK, Archer LA. Selbstorganisation von Nanokristallen über orientierte Anlagerung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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349
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Chen K, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Li L, Lu Y, Guo X. Synthesis of Magnetic Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Lu
- German Soft Matter and Functional Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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350
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Krug HF, Wick P. Nanotoxicology: An Interdisciplinary Challenge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1260-78. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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