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Rivlin M, Miller A, Tulipan J, Beredjiklian PK, Wang ML, Fertala J, Steplewski A, Kostas J, Fertala A. Patterns of production of collagen-rich deposits in peripheral nerves in response to injury: A pilot study in a rabbit model. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00659. [PMID: 28729925 PMCID: PMC5516593 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although collagen-rich deposits are the main component of neural scars, the patterns of their formation are ill defined. Essential to the biosynthesis of collagen fibrils are enzymes catalyzing posttranslational modifications and chaperones that control the formation of the collagen triple helix. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) and heat shock protein-47 (HSP47) play a key role, and their production is upregulated during scar formation in human tissues. Alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) is also produced during fibrotic processes in myofibroblasts that participate in fibrotic response. In injured peripheral nerves, however, the distribution of cells that produce these markers is poorly understood. METHODS The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of the αSMA-positive, HSP47-positive, and the P4H-positive cells to better understand the formation of collagen-rich fibrotic tissue (FT) in response to peripheral nerve injury. To reach this goal, we employed a rabbit model of crush-injury and partial-transection injury of the sciatic nerves. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that αSMA is expressed in a relatively small number of cells seen in neural FT. In contrast, cells producing P4H and HSP47 are ubiquitously present in sites of injury of the sciatic nerves. CONCLUSION We contemplate that these proteins may serve as valuable markers that define fibrotic activities in the injured peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jacob Tulipan
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA.,Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Andrzej Steplewski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - James Kostas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA
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302
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Chen L, Cheng J, Yang X, Jin X, Qi Z, Jin YQ. Bone marrow-derived cells response in proximal regions of nerves after peripheral nerve injury. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:863-870. [PMID: 28544161 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Department No.16 of Plastic Surgery Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery; Wuxi 3rd People's Hospital; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department No.16 of Plastic Surgery Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Department No.16 of Plastic Surgery Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Zuoliang Qi
- Department No.16 of Plastic Surgery Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Yu-Qing Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Shanghai 1st People's Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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303
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Li Y, Yao D, Zhang J, Liu B, Zhang L, Feng H, Li B. The Effects of Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells on Local Inflammation Microenvironment in the Defected Sciatic Nerve of Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:133. [PMID: 28588447 PMCID: PMC5438963 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising strategy for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). epidermal neural crest stems cells (EPI-NCSCs) are thought to be important donor cells for repairing PNI in different animal models. Following PNI, inflammatory response is important to regulate the repair process. However, the effects of EPI-NCSCs on regulation of local inflammation microenviroment have not been investigated extensively. In the present study, these effects were studied by using 10 mm defected sciatic nerve, which was bridged with 15 mm artificial nerve composed of EPI-NCSCs, extracellular matrix (ECM) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Then the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, polarization of macrophages, regulation of fibroblasts and shwann cells (SCs) were assessed by western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after bridging. The structure and the function of the bridged nerve were determined by observation under light microscope and by examination of right lateral foot retraction time (LFRT), sciatic function index (SFI), gastrocnemius wet weight and electrophysiology at 9 weeks. After bridging with EPI-NCSCs, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) was increased, but decreased for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) compared to the control bridging, which was consistent with increase of M2 macrophages and decrease of M1 macrophages at 7 days after transplantation. Likewise, myelin-formed SCs were significantly increased, but decreased for the activated fibroblasts in their number at 21 days. The recovery of structure and function of nerve bridged with EPI-NCSCs was significantly superior to that of DMEM. These results indicated that EPI-NCSCs could be able to regulate and provide more suitable inflammation microenvironment for the repair of defected sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development of Education Ministry, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jieyuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development of Education Ministry, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bingcang Li
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital/State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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304
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Boriani F, Fazio N, Fotia C, Savarino L, Nicoli Aldini N, Martini L, Zini N, Bernardini M, Baldini N. A novel technique for decellularization of allogenic nerves and in vivo
study of their use for peripheral nerve reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2228-2240. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Boriani
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - N. Fazio
- Prometeo Laboratory; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Fotia
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Savarino
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - N. Nicoli Aldini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - N. Zini
- CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics; Bologna Italy
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - M. Bernardini
- Department of Animal Medicine; Production and Health, Padova University; Padua Italy
| | - N. Baldini
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine; Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute; Bologna Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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305
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Cashman CR, Hoke A. Deficiency of adaptive immunity does not interfere with Wallerian degeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177070. [PMID: 28475650 PMCID: PMC5419593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following injury, distal axons undergo the process of Wallerian degeneration, and then cell debris is cleared to create a permissive environment for axon regeneration. The innate and adaptive immune systems are believed to be critical for facilitating the clearance of myelin and axonal debris during this process. However, immunodeficient animal models are regularly used in transplantation studies investigating cell therapies to modulate the degenerative/regenerative response. Given the importance of the immune system in preparing a permissive environment for regeneration by clearing debris, animals lacking, in part or in full, a functional immune system may have an impaired ability to regenerate due to poor myelin clearance, and may, thus, be poor hosts to study modulators of regeneration and degeneration. To study this hypothesis, three different mouse models with impaired adaptive immunity were compared to wild type animals in their ability to degenerate axons and clear myelin debris one week following sciatic nerve transection. Immunofluorescent staining for axons and quantitation of axon density with nerve histomorphometry of the distal stump showed no consistent discrepancy between immunodeficient and wild type animals, suggesting axons tended to degenerate equally between the two groups. Debris clearance was assessed by macrophage density and relative myelin basic protein expression within the denervated nerve stump, and no consistent impairment of debris clearance was found. These data suggested deficiency of the adaptive immune system does not have a substantial effect on axon degeneration one week following axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Cashman
- MSTP/MD-PhD Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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306
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Combined Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells and nerve guidance conduit: A potential promising therapy for peripheral nerve injuries. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 86:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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307
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Lakritz JR, Yalamanchili S, Polydefkis MJ, Miller AD, McGrath MS, Williams KC, Burdo TH. An oral form of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone reduces monocyte activation and traffic to the dorsal root ganglia in a primate model of HIV-peripheral neuropathy. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:568-576. [PMID: 28462488 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a major comorbidity of HIV infection that is caused in part by chronic immune activation. HIV-PN is associated with infiltration of monocytes/macrophages to the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) causing neuronal loss and formation of Nageotte nodules. Here, we used an oral form of methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG), a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor, to specifically reduce activation of myeloid cells. MGBG is selectively taken up by monocyte/macrophages in vitro and inhibits HIV p24 expression and DNA viral integration in macrophages. Here, MGBG was administered to nine SIV-infected, CD8-depleted rhesus macaques at 21 days post-infection (dpi). An additional nine SIV-infected, CD8-depleted rhesus macaques were used as untreated controls. Cell traffic to tissues was measured by in vivo BrdU pulse labeling. MGBG treatment significantly diminished DRG histopathology and reduced the number of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages in DRG tissue. The number of recently trafficked BrdU+ cells in the DRG was significantly reduced with MGBG treatment. Despite diminished DRG pathology, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) did not recover after treatment with MGBG. These data suggest that MGBG alleviated DRG pathology and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael S McGrath
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Medicine and Pathology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, MERB 755, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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308
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Lv D, Zhou L, Zheng X, Hu Y. Sustained release of collagen VI potentiates sciatic nerve regeneration by modulating macrophage phenotype. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1258-1267. [PMID: 28263445 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lv
- The graduate School; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- Department of Orthopaedics; Pingjin Hospital; Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces; Tianjin China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province (Anhui); Stomatologic Hospital & College; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Xianyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province (Anhui); Stomatologic Hospital & College; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology; Tianjin Hospital; Tianjin 300210 China
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309
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Wu J, Xie H, Yao S, Liang Y. Macrophage and nerve interaction in endometriosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:53. [PMID: 28288663 PMCID: PMC5351283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system in endometriotic milieus has been considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Macrophage recruitment and nerve fiber infiltration are the two major characteristics of this aberrant immune environment. First, the recruitment of macrophages and their polarization phenotype within the endometriotic lesion have been demonstrated to facilitate the development and maintenance of endometriosis. M1 phenotype of macrophages has the capacity to secrete multiple cytokines for inflammatory response, while M2 macrophage possesses an opposite property that can mediate the process of immunosuppression and neuroangiogenesis. Upon secretion of multiple abnormal signal molecules by the endometriotic lesion, macrophages could alter their location and phenotype. These changes facilitate the accommodation of the aberrant microenvironment and the exacerbation of disease progression. Second, the infiltration of nerve fibers and their abnormal distribution are proved to be involved in the generation of endometriosis-associated pain and inflammatory response. An imbalance in sensory and sympathetic innervation and the abnormal secretion of different cytokines could mediate neurogenesis and subsequent peripheral neuroinflammation in endometriosis. Although endometriosis creates an inflammatory milieu promoting macrophage infiltration and an imbalanced innervation, interaction between macrophages and nerve fibers in this process remains unknown. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of macrophage and nerve interaction in endometriosis, where macrophage recruitment and neurogenesis can be the underlying mechanism of neuroinflammation and pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510089 China
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510089 China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province China
| | - Yanchun Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong Province China
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310
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Liu X, Sun Y, Li H, Li Y, Li M, Yuan Y, Cui S, Yao D. Effect of Spp1 on nerve degeneration and regeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:30. [PMID: 28270094 PMCID: PMC5341472 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wallerian degeneration (WD) in injured peripheral nerves is associated with a large number of up- or down-regulated genes, but the effects of these changes are poorly understood. In our previous studies, we reported some key factors that are differentially expressed to activate nerve degeneration and regeneration during WD. Here, we determined the effects of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) on WD after rat sciatic nerve injury. RESULTS Spp1 was upregulated from 6 h to 14 days after sciatic nerve injury. Altered expression of Spp1 in Schwann cells (SC) resulted in altered mRNA and protein expression levels for cytokines, c-Fos, PKCα and phospho-ERK/ERK and affected SC apoptosis in vitro. Silencing of Spp1 expression in SCs using siRNA technology reduced proliferation and promoted migration of SCs in vitro. By contrast, overexpression of Spp1 promoted proliferation and reduced migration in SCs in vitro. Differential expression of Spp1 after sciatic nerve injury in vivo altered the expression of cytokines, c-Fos, PKCα, and the p-ERK/ERK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Spp1 is a key regulatory factor that affects nerve degeneration and regeneration through c-Fos, PKCα and p-ERK/ERK pathways after rat sciatic nerve injury. These results shed new light on the role of Spp1 in nerve degeneration and regeneration during WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nnatong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiqin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nnatong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nnatong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nnatong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nnatong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusen Cui
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Road, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nnatong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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311
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Liao CF, Yang TY, Chen YH, Yao CH, Way TD, Chen YS. Effects of swimming exercise on nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:3. [PMID: 28474579 PMCID: PMC5439339 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Swimming is commonly considered to be an efficient rehabilitation exercise to treat peripheral nerve injury. However, the most effective resistance level and exercise duration is still unclear. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of swimming at various exertion levels in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Methods: Sciatic nerve transection rats were randomized into the following four groups based on swimming duration (from the 7th day to the 28th day post-surgery): sedentary control group (SC), S10 group (10 min/3 times/week), S20 group (20 min/3 times/week), and S30 group (30 min/3 times/week) (n = 10 each). Axon regeneration, electrophysiological properties, muscular weights, macrophage infiltration, and nerve repair associated maker, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), were measured. Results: Dramatic higher successful percentages of nerve regeneration across the 10-mm gaps in swimming groups compared to the SC group. Total area of nerve regeneration significantly improved in the S10 group; however, electrophysiological properties, muscular weights, and macrophage infiltration in the regenerated nerves of rats did not differ significantly between the various exercise groups. CGRP expression was significantly increased in the spinal cord of rats in the S20 group. Conclusions: Our data indicated that CGRP-related axonal regeneration improved significantly with moderate swimming. These results should inspire new studies in physiotherapeutic practice for related human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Psychology, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Biomaterials Translational Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung 413, Taiwan - Lab of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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312
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Effects of Taxol on Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Transection Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42280. [PMID: 28181572 PMCID: PMC5299405 DOI: 10.1038/srep42280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies describe taxol as a candidate treatment for promoting central nerve regeneration. However, taxol has serious side effects including peripheral neurotoxicity, and little information is known about the effect of taxol on peripheral nerve regeneration. We investigated the effects of taxol on regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): normal saline (i.p.) as the control, Cremophor EL vehicle, and 2 or 6 mg/kg of taxol in the Cremophor EL solution (four times in day-2, 4, 6, and 8), respectively. We evaluated neuronal electrophysiology, animal behaviour, neuronal connectivity, macrophage infiltration, location and expression levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and expression levels of both nerve growth factors and immunoregulatory factors. In the high-dose taxol group (6 mg/kg), neuronal electrophysiological function was significantly impaired. Licking latencies were significantly changed while motor coordination was unaffected. Neuronal connectivity, macrophage density, and expression levels of CGRP was dramatically reduced. Expression levels of nerve growth factors and immunoregulatory factors was also reduced, while it was increased in the low-dose taxol group (2 mg/kg). These results indicate that taxol can modulate local inflammatory conditions, impair nerve regeneration, and impede recovery of a severe peripheral nerve injury.
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313
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Wurth S, Capogrosso M, Raspopovic S, Gandar J, Federici G, Kinany N, Cutrone A, Piersigilli A, Pavlova N, Guiet R, Taverni G, Rigosa J, Shkorbatova P, Navarro X, Barraud Q, Courtine G, Micera S. Long-term usability and bio-integration of polyimide-based intra-neural stimulating electrodes. Biomaterials 2017; 122:114-129. [PMID: 28110171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of peripheral nerves has transiently restored lost sensation and has the potential to alleviate motor deficits. However, incomplete characterization of the long-term usability and bio-integration of intra-neural implants has restricted their use for clinical applications. Here, we conducted a longitudinal assessment of the selectivity, stability, functionality, and biocompatibility of polyimide-based intra-neural implants that were inserted in the sciatic nerve of twenty-three healthy adult rats for up to six months. We found that the stimulation threshold and impedance of the electrodes increased moderately during the first four weeks after implantation, and then remained stable over the following five months. The time course of these adaptations correlated with the progressive development of a fibrotic capsule around the implants. The selectivity of the electrodes enabled the preferential recruitment of extensor and flexor muscles of the ankle. Despite the foreign body reaction, this selectivity remained stable over time. These functional properties supported the development of control algorithms that modulated the forces produced by ankle extensor and flexor muscles with high precision. The comprehensive characterization of the implant encapsulation revealed hyper-cellularity, increased microvascular density, Wallerian degeneration, and infiltration of macrophages within the endoneurial space early after implantation. Over time, the amount of macrophages markedly decreased, and a layer of multinucleated giant cells surrounded by a capsule of fibrotic tissue developed around the implant, causing an enlargement of the diameter of the nerve. However, the density of nerve fibers above and below the inserted implant remained unaffected. Upon removal of the implant, we did not detect alteration of skilled leg movements and only observed mild tissue reaction. Our study characterized the interplay between the development of foreign body responses and changes in the electrical properties of actively used intra-neural electrodes, highlighting functional stability of polyimide-based implants over more than six months. These results are essential for refining and validating these implants and open a realistic pathway for long-term clinical applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wurth
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Capogrosso
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Raspopovic
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Gandar
- International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Federici
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Kinany
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Cutrone
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Piersigilli
- Laboratory Animals Pathology Unit, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Pavlova
- International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St Petersbourg, Russia
| | - R Guiet
- Bioimaging and Optics Platform, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Taverni
- The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Rigosa
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; SAMBA Lab, International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Shkorbatova
- International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Pavlov Institute of Physiology, St Petersbourg, Russia
| | - X Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Q Barraud
- International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Courtine
- International Paraplegic Foundation Chair in Spinal Cord Repair, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Micera
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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314
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Lim EMF, Musa A, Frederick A, Ousman SS. AlphaB-crystallin expression correlates with aging deficits in the peripheral nervous system. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 53:138-149. [PMID: 28185662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify factors that contribute to age-related deficits in the undamaged and injured peripheral nervous system (PNS), we noted that Brady and colleagues found that mice null for a small heat shock protein called alphaB-crystallin (αBC) developed abnormalities early in life that are reminiscent of aging pathologies. Because of our observation that αBC protein levels markedly reduce as wild-type mice age, we investigated whether the crystallin plays a role in modulating age-related deficits in the uninjured and damaged PNS. We show here that the presence of αBC correlates with maintenance of myelin sheath thickness, reducing macrophage presence, sustaining lipid metabolism, and promoting remyelination following peripheral nerve injury in an age-dependent manner. More specifically, animals null for αBC displayed a higher frequency of thinly myelinated axons, enhanced presence of Iba1+ macrophages, and fewer immunoreactive profiles of the cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme, squalene monooxygenase, before and after sciatic nerve crush injury. These findings thus suggest that αBC plays a protective and beneficial role in the aging PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin-Mai F Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alim Musa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ariana Frederick
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shalina S Ousman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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315
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Sánchez M, Garate A, Delgado D, Padilla S. Platelet-rich plasma, an adjuvant biological therapy to assist peripheral nerve repair. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:47-52. [PMID: 28250739 PMCID: PMC5319232 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.198973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies such as direct tension-free microsurgical repair or transplantation of a nerve autograft, are nowadays used to treat traumatic peripheral nerve injuries (PNI), focused on the enhancement of the intrinsic regenerative potential of injured axons. However, these therapies fail to recreate the suitable cellular and molecular microenvironment of peripheral nerve repair and in some cases, the functional recovery of nerve injuries is incomplete. Thus, new biomedical engineering strategies based on tissue engineering approaches through molecular intervention and scaffolding offer promising outcomes on the field. In this sense, evidence is accumulating in both, preclinical and clinical settings, indicating that platelet-rich plasma products, and fibrin scaffold obtained from this technology, hold an important therapeutic potential as a neuroprotective, neurogenic and neuroinflammatory therapeutic modulator system, as well as enhancing the sensory and motor functional nerve muscle unit recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ane Garate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Diego Delgado
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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316
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Kano F, Matsubara K, Ueda M, Hibi H, Yamamoto A. Secreted Ectodomain of Sialic Acid-Binding Ig-Like Lectin-9 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Synergistically Regenerate Transected Rat Peripheral Nerves by Altering Macrophage Polarity. Stem Cells 2016; 35:641-653. [PMID: 27862629 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves (PNs) exhibit remarkable self-repairing reparative activity after a simple crush or cut injury. However, the neuronal transection involving a nerve gap overwhelms their repairing activity and causes persistent paralysis. Here, we show that an implantation of the serum-free conditioned medium from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) immersed in a collagen sponge into the nerve gap formed by rat facial nerves transection restored the neurological function. In contrast, SHED-CM specifically depleted of a set of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage inducers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 (sSiglec-9) lost the ability to restore neurological function in this model. Notably, the combination of MCP-1 and sSiglec-9 induced the polarization of M2 macrophages in vitro, resulting in the expression of multiple trophic factors that enhanced proliferation, migration, and differentiation of Schwann cells, blood vessel formation, and nerve fiber extension. Furthermore, the implantation of a collagen graft containing MCP-1/sSiglec-9 into the nerve gap induced anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, generated a Schwann-cell bridge instead of fibrotic scar, induced axonal regrowth, and restored nerve function. The specific elimination of M2 macrophages by Mannosylated-Clodrosome suppressed the MCP-1/sSiglec-9-mediated neurological recovery. Taken together, our data suggest that MCP-1/sSiglec-9 regenerates PNs by inducing tissue-repairing M2 macrophages and may provide therapeutic benefits for severe peripheral nerve injuries. Stem Cells 2017;35:641-653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Kano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohki Matsubara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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317
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Mogha A, Harty BL, Carlin D, Joseph J, Sanchez NE, Suter U, Piao X, Cavalli V, Monk KR. Gpr126/Adgrg6 Has Schwann Cell Autonomous and Nonautonomous Functions in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair. J Neurosci 2016; 36:12351-12367. [PMID: 27927955 PMCID: PMC5148226 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3854-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are essential for proper peripheral nerve development and repair, although the mechanisms regulating these processes are incompletely understood. We previously showed that the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor Gpr126/Adgrg6 is essential for SC development and myelination. Interestingly, the expression of Gpr126 is maintained in adult SCs, suggestive of a function in the mature nerve. We therefore investigated the role of Gpr126 in nerve repair by studying an inducible SC-specific Gpr126 knock-out mouse model. Here, we show that remyelination is severely delayed after nerve-crush injury. Moreover, we also observe noncell-autonomous defects in macrophage recruitment and axon regeneration in injured nerves following loss of Gpr126 in SCs. This work demonstrates that Gpr126 has critical SC-autonomous and SC-nonautonomous functions in remyelination and peripheral nerve repair. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lack of robust remyelination represents one of the major barriers to recovery of neurological functions in disease or following injury in many disorders of the nervous system. Here we show that the adhesion class G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Gpr126/Adgrg6 is required for remyelination, macrophage recruitment, and axon regeneration following nerve injury. At least 30% of all approved drugs target GPCRs; thus, Gpr126 represents an attractive potential target to stimulate repair in myelin disease or following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, and
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kelly R Monk
- Department of Developmental Biology,
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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318
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Yu J, Gu X, Yi S. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in Distal Nerve Stump following Nerve Injury: Insights into Wallerian Degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:274. [PMID: 27999531 PMCID: PMC5138191 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury is a common and difficult clinical problem worldwide with a high disability rate. Different from the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system is able to regenerate after injury. Wallerian degeneration in the distal nerve stump contributes to the construction of a permissible microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration. To gain new molecular insights into Wallerian degeneration, this study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and elucidate significantly involved pathways and cellular functions in the distal nerve stump following nerve injury. Microarray analysis showed that a few genes were differentially expressed at 0.5 and 1 h post nerve injury and later on a relatively larger number of genes were up-regulated or down-regulated. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that inflammation and immune response, cytokine signaling, cellular growth and movement, as well as tissue development and function were significantly activated following sciatic nerve injury. Notably, a cellular function highly related to nerve regeneration, which is called Nervous System Development and Function, was continuously activated from 4 days until 4 weeks post injury. Our results may provide further understanding of Wallerian degeneration from a genetic perspective, thus aiding the development of potential therapies for peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong, China
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319
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Kim JK, Koh YD, Kim JO, Seo DH. Development of a decellularization method to produce nerve allografts using less invasive detergents and hyper/hypotonic solutions. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016; 69:1690-1696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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320
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Sánchez M, Anitua E, Delgado D, Sanchez P, Prado R, Orive G, Padilla S. Platelet-rich plasma, a source of autologous growth factors and biomimetic scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:197-212. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1259409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Sánchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Diego Delgado
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit Research, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Peio Sanchez
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit Research, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Gorka Orive
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation, Vitoria, Spain
- Lab of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of The Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabino Padilla
- BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation, Vitoria, Spain
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321
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Pan B, Liu Y, Yan JY, Wang Y, Yao X, Zhou HX, Lu L, Kong XH, Feng SQ. Gene expression analysis at multiple time-points identifies key genes for nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:373-383. [PMID: 27313142 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of gene expression during Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS A microarray was used to detect gene expression in the distal nerve 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after sciatic nerve crush. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict function of the differentially expressed mRNAs. Microarray results and the key pathways were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Differentially expressed mRNAs at different time-points (3, 7, and 14 days) after injury were identified and compared with a control group (0 day). Nine general trends of changes in gene expression were identified. Key signal pathways and 9 biological processes closely associated with nerve regeneration were identified and verified. CONCLUSIONS Differentially expressed genes and biological processes and pathways associated with axonal regeneration may elucidate the molecular-biological mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 55: 373-383, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Jia-Yin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Heng-Xing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Kong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
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322
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Qin J, Zha GB, Yu J, Zhang HH, Yi S. Differential temporal expression of matrix metalloproteinases following sciatic nerve crush. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1165-71. [PMID: 27630704 PMCID: PMC4994463 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.187059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously performed transcriptome sequencing and found that genes for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP7 and 12, seem to be highly upregulated following peripheral nerve injury, and may be involved in nerve repair. In the present study, we systematically determined the expression levels of MMPs and their regulators at 1, 4, 7 and 14 days after sciatic nerve crush injury. The number of differentially expressed genes was elevated at 4 and 7 days after injury, but decreased at 14 days after injury. Among the differentially expressed genes, those most up-regulated showed fold changes of more than 214, while those most down-regulated exhibited fold changes of more than 2−10. Gene sequencing showed that, at all time points after injury, a variety of MMP genes in the “Inhibition of MMPs” pathway were up-regulated, and their inhibitor genes were down-regulated. Expression of key up- and down-regulated genes was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and found to be consistent with transcriptome sequencing. These results suggest that MMP-related genes are strongly involved in the process of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Bin Zha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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323
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Dalkin W, Taetzsch T, Valdez G. The Fibular Nerve Injury Method: A Reliable Assay to Identify and Test Factors That Repair Neuromuscular Junctions. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27585036 DOI: 10.3791/54186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) undergoes deleterious structural and functional changes as a result of aging, injury and disease. Thus, it is imperative to understand the cellular and molecular changes involved in maintaining and repairing NMJs. For this purpose, we have developed a method to reliably and consistently examine regenerating NMJs in mice. This nerve injury method involves crushing the common fibular nerve as it passes over the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle tendon near the knee. Using 70 day old female mice, we demonstrate that motor axons begin to reinnervate previous postsynaptic targets within 7 days post-crush. They completely reoccupy their previous synaptic areas by 12 days. To determine the reliability of this injury method, we compared reinnervation rates between individual 70 day old female mice. We found that the number of reinnervated postsynaptic sites was similar between mice at 7, 9, and 12 days post-crush. To determine if this injury assay can also be used to compare molecular changes in muscles, we examined levels of the gamma-subunit of the muscle nicotinic receptor (gamma-AChR) and the muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). The gamma-AChR subunit and MuSK to are highly upregulated following denervation and return to normal levels following reinnervation of NMJs. We found a close relationship between transcript levels for these genes and innervation status of muscles. We believe that this method will accelerate our understanding of the cellular and molecular changes involved in repairing the NMJ and other synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Dalkin
- Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech; Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech
| | | | - Gregorio Valdez
- Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech; Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech;
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