301
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de la Mata M, Cotán D, Oropesa-Ávila M, Villanueva-Paz M, de Lavera I, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Luzón-Hidalgo R, Suárez-Rivero JM, Tiscornia G, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coenzyme Q 10 partially restores pathological alterations in a macrophage model of Gaucher disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:23. [PMID: 28166796 PMCID: PMC5292786 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene which encodes lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). In GD, partial or complete loss of GCase activity causes the accumulation of the glycolipids glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine in the lysosomes of macrophages. In this manuscript, we investigated the effects of glycolipids accumulation on lysosomal and mitochondrial function, inflammasome activation and efferocytosis capacity in a THP-1 macrophage model of Gaucher disease. In addition, the beneficial effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) supplementation on cellular alterations were evaluated. Chemically-induced Gaucher macrophages were developed by differentiateing THP-1 monocytes to macrophages by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and then inhibiting intracellular GCase with conduritol B-epoxide (CBE), a specific irreversible inhibitor of GCase activity, and supplementing the medium with exogenous GlcCer. This cell model accumulated up to 16-fold more GlcCer compared with control THP-1 cells. RESULTS Chemically-induced Gaucher macrophages showed impaired autophagy flux associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, inflammasome activation and impaired efferocytosis. All abnormalities were partially restored by supplementation with CoQ. CONCLUSION These data suggest that targeting mitochondria function and oxidative stress by CoQ can ameliorate the pathological phenotype of Gaucher cells. Chemically-induced Gaucher macrophages provide cellular models that can be used to investigate disease pathogenesis and explore new therapeutics for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Raquel Luzón-Hidalgo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan M Suárez-Rivero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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302
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Slator C, Molphy Z, McKee V, Kellett A. Triggering autophagic cell death with a di-manganese(II) developmental therapeutic. Redox Biol 2017; 12:150-161. [PMID: 28236767 PMCID: PMC5328722 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for novel metal-based chemotherapeutics with alternative modes of action compared to clinical agents such as cisplatin and metallo-bleomycin. Recent attention in this field has focused on designing intracellular ROS-mediators as powerful cytotoxins of human cancers and identifying potentially unique toxic mechanisms underpinning their utility. Herein, we report the developmental di-manganese(II) therapeutic [Mn2(μ-oda)(phen)4(H2O)2][Mn2(μ-oda)(phen)4(oda)2]·4H2O (Mn-Oda) induces autophagy-promoted apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). The complex was initially identified to intercalate DNA by topoisomerase I unwinding and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Intracellular DNA damage, detected by γH2AX and the COMET assay, however, is not linked to direct Mn-Oda free radical generation, but is instead mediated through the promotion of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to autophagic vacuole formation and downstream nuclear degradation. To elucidate the cytotoxic profile of Mn-Oda, a wide range of biomarkers specific to apoptosis and autophagy including caspase release, mitochondrial membrane integrity, fluorogenic probe localisation, and cell cycle analysis were employed. Through these techniques, the activity of Mn-Oda was compared directly to i.) the pro-apoptotic clinical anticancer drug doxorubicin, ii.) the multimodal histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoyanilide hydroxamic acid, and iii.) the autophagy inducer rapamycin. In conjunction with ROS-specific trapping agents and established inhibitors of autophagy, we have identified autophagy-induction linked to mitochondrial superoxide production, with confocal image analysis of SKOV3 cells further supporting autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Creina Slator
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Zara Molphy
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Vickie McKee
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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303
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Datta S, Choudhury D, Das A, Das Mukherjee D, Das N, Roy SS, Chakrabarti G. Paclitaxel resistance development is associated with biphasic changes in reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy with elevated energy production capacity in lung cancer cells: A chronological study. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694314. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Tx) is one of the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs used against lung cancer, but acquired resistance to this drug is a major challenge against successful chemotherapy. In this work, we have focused on the chronological changes of various cellular parameters and associated effect on Tx (10 nM) resistance development in A549 cell line. It was observed, at initial stage, the cell death percentage due to drug treatment had increased up to 20 days, and thereafter, it started declining and became completely resistant by 40 days. Expressions of βIII tubulin and drug efflux pumps also increased over the period of resistance development. Changes in cellular autophagy and reactive oxygen species generation showed a biphasic pattern and increased gradually over the course of upto 20 days, thereafter declined gradually; however, their levels remained higher than untreated cells when resistance was acquired. Increase in extracellular acidification rates and oxygen consumption rates was found to be directly correlated with acquisition of resistance. The depolarisation of mitochondrial membrane potential was also biphasic; first, it increased with increase of cell death up to 20 days, thereafter, it gradually decreased to normal level along with resistance development. Increase in activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content over these periods may attribute in bringing down the reactive oxygen species levels and normalisation of mitochondrial membrane potential in spite of comparatively higher reactive oxygen species production by the Tx-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satabdi Datta
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology University, Patiala, India
| | - Amlan Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipanwita Das Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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304
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Gaballah HH, Gaber RA, Mohamed DA. Apigenin potentiates the antitumor activity of 5-FU on solid Ehrlich carcinoma: Crosstalk between apoptotic and JNK-mediated autophagic cell death platforms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 316:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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305
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Podolski-Renić A, Bősze S, Dinić J, Kocsis L, Hudecz F, Csámpai A, Pešić M. Ferrocene–cinchona hybrids with triazolyl-chalcone linkers act as pro-oxidants and sensitize human cancer cell lines to paclitaxel. Metallomics 2017; 9:1132-1141. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epimeric ferrocene–quinidine hybrids with triazolyl-chalcone linkers act as pro-oxidative agents and autophagy modulators in paclitaxel resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” (IBISS)
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry
- Eötvös Loránd University
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” (IBISS)
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - László Kocsis
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Ferenc Hudecz
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry
- Eötvös Loránd University
- Budapest
- Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” (IBISS)
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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306
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Mittler R. ROS Are Good. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:11-19. [PMID: 27666517 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1415] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to play a dual role in plant biology. They are required for many important signaling reactions, but are also toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Recent studies revealed that ROS are necessary for the progression of several basic biological processes including cellular proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, cell death-that was previously thought to be the outcome of ROS directly killing cells by oxidation, in other words via oxidative stress-is now considered to be the result of ROS triggering a physiological or programmed pathway for cell death. This Opinion focuses on the possibility that ROS are beneficial to plants, supporting cellular proliferation, physiological function, and viability, and that maintaining a basal level of ROS in cells is essential for life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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307
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Jiang X, Jiang X, Feng Y, Xu R, Wang Q, Deng H. Proteomic Analysis of eIF5B Silencing-Modulated Proteostasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168387. [PMID: 27959964 PMCID: PMC5154608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein translational machinery is an important component of the proteostasis network that maintains cellular proteostasis and regulates aging and other cellular processes. Ample evidence indicates that inhibition of translation initiation factor activities enhances stress resistance in model organisms. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) acts by joining the pre-40S subunit with the 60S ribosomal unit to form an 80S-like complex during protein translational initiation. Reduced eIF5B expression may disrupt proteostasis and trigger cellular processes associated with stress responses. In this study, the physiological effects of altered eIF5B expression were examined in 293T and HepG2 cells. Cells with eIF5B-knockdown (eIF5B-KN) grew more slowly than control cells, and had a lower level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased resistance to oxidative stress and enhanced autophagy. Proteomic analysis showed that eIF5B knockdown resulted in upregulation of 88 proteins and downregulation of 130 proteins compared with control cells. The differentially expressed proteins were associated with diverse cellular processes including amino acid metabolism, RNA processing and protein metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Autonomous downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was identified as confirmed by western blotting and qPCR. We proposed that deactivation of MAPK pathway modulated proteostasis and induced prolonged S-phase of the cell-cycle, contributing to the slow growth of eIF5B-KN cells. eIF5B silencing also inactivated the mTOR pathway, downregulated glutamine transporters, enhanced autophagy, and decreased 28S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA expression levels which were reversed by restoration of eIF5B expression. Taken together, these results suggest that eIF5B silencing provides a negative feedback to deactivate MAPK signaling, leading to reduced cell growth. These findings provide a useful resource to further biological exploration of the functions of protein synthesis in regulation of proteostasis and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renhua Xu
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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308
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Szychowski KA, Leja ML, Kaminskyy DV, Binduga UE, Pinyazhko OR, Lesyk RB, Gmiński J. Study of novel anticancer 4-thiazolidinone derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 262:46-56. [PMID: 27965178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
4-Thiazolidinones are a known class of prospective drug-like molecules, especially in the design of new anticancer agents. Two of the most prominent subtypes of these compounds are 5-ene-2-amino(amino)-4-thiazolidinones and thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles. The latter are considered to be cyclic mimetics of biologically active 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones with similar pharmacological profiles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 4-thiazolidinone-based compounds on cytotoxicity, the apoptotic process, and metabolism in the human squamous carcinoma (SCC-15) cell line. The SCC-15 cells were cultured in phenol red-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, hydrocortisone, and exposed to rising concentrations (1 nM-100 μM) of the studied compounds for 6, 24 and 48 h. Afterwards, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, cell viability, caspase-3 activity, and cell metabolism were measured. The obtained results showed that all of the studied compounds in a wide range of concentrations (1 nM-100 μM) increased DCF fluorescence which suggests a stimulation of ROS production. Nevertheless, these new compounds showed cytotoxic and proapoptotic properties only at high (10-100 μM) concentrations. Our studies are the first to be carried out on these compounds and require further investigation to clarify the mechanism of action of their anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Marcin L Leja
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Danylo V Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Urszula E Binduga
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Oleh R Pinyazhko
- Department of Pharmacology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Roman B Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Jan Gmiński
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
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309
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Kong J, Whelan KA, Laczkó D, Dang B, Caro Monroig A, Soroush A, Falcone J, Amaravadi RK, Rustgi AK, Ginsberg GG, Falk GW, Nakagawa H, Lynch JP. Autophagy levels are elevated in barrett's esophagus and promote cell survival from acid and oxidative stress. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:1526-1541. [PMID: 26373456 PMCID: PMC4794420 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism that is activated during cellular stress. We hypothesized that autophagy may be induced by acid reflux, which causes injury, and inflammation, and therefore, contributes to the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Currently, the role of autophagy in BE and EAC is poorly studied. We quantitatively define autophagy levels in human BE cell lines, a transgenic mouse model of BE, and human BE, and EAC biopsies. Human non-dysplastic BE had the highest basal number of autophagic vesicles (AVs), while AVs were reduced in normal squamous cells and dysplastic BE cells, and nearly absent in EAC. To demonstrate a functional role for autophagy in BE pathogenesis, normal squamous (STR), non-dysplastic BE (CPA), dysplastic BE (CPD), and EAC (OE19) cell lines were exposed to an acid pulse (pH 3.5) followed by incubation in the presence or absence of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. Acid exposure increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in STR and CPA cells. Chloroquine alone had a small impact on intracellular ROS or cell survival. However, combination of chloroquine with the acid pulse resulted in a significant increase in ROS levels at 6 h in STR and CPA cells, and increased cell death in all cell lines. These findings establish increased numbers of AVs in human BE compared to normal squamous or EAC, and suggest that autophagy functions to improve cell survival after acid reflux injury. Autophagy may thus play a critical role in BE pathogenesis and progression. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Kong
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dorottya Laczkó
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brendan Dang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angeliz Caro Monroig
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ali Soroush
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Falcone
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, and the Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory G Ginsberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary W Falk
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John P Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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310
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Dalvi P, Sharma H, Chinnappan M, Sanderson M, Allen J, Zeng R, Choi A, O'Brien-Ladner A, Dhillon NK. Enhanced autophagy in pulmonary endothelial cells on exposure to HIV-Tat and morphine: Role in HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension. Autophagy 2016; 12:2420-2438. [PMID: 27723373 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1238551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous drug use is one of the major risk factors for HIV-infection in HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. We previously demonstrated exaggerated pulmonary vascular remodeling with enhanced apoptosis followed by increased proliferation of pulmonary endothelial cells on simultaneous exposure to both opioids and HIV protein(s). Here we hypothesize that the exacerbation of autophagy may be involved in the switching of endothelial cells from an early apoptotic state to later hyper-proliferative state. Treatment of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) with both the HIV-protein Tat and morphine resulted in an oxidative stress-dependent increase in the expression of various markers of autophagy and formation of autophagosomes when compared to either Tat or morphine monotreatments as demonstrated by western blot, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Autophagy flux experiments suggested increased formation rather than decreased clearance of autolysosomes. Inhibition of autophagy resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and reduction in proliferation of HPMECs with combined morphine and Tat (M+T) treatment compared to monotreatments whereas stimulation of autophagy resulted in opposite effects. Significant increases in the expression of autophagy markers as well as the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was observed in the lungs of SIV-infected macaques and HIV-infected humans exposed to opioids. Overall our findings indicate that morphine in combination with viral protein(s) results in the induction of autophagy in pulmonary endothelial cells that may lead to an increase in severity of angio-proliferative remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature on simian and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the presence of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Dalvi
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Mahendran Chinnappan
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Miles Sanderson
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Julie Allen
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Ruoxi Zeng
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Augustine Choi
- b Department of Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Amy O'Brien-Ladner
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,c Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
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311
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Hu L, Wang H, Huang L, Zhao Y, Wang J. Crosstalk between autophagy and intracellular radiation response (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2217-2226. [PMID: 27748893 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy induced by radiation is critical to cell fate decision. Evidence now sheds light on the importance of autophagy induced by cancer radiotherapy. Traditional view considers radiation can directly or indirectly damage DNA which can activate DNA damage the repair signaling pathway, a large number of proteins participating in DNA damage repair signaling pathway such as p53, ATM, PARP1, FOXO3a, mTOR and SIRT1 involved in autophagy regulation. However, emerging recent evidence suggests radiation can also cause injury to extranuclear targets such as plasma membrane, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce accumulation of ceramide, ROS, and Ca2+ concentration which activate many signaling pathways to modulate autophagy. Herein we review the role of autophagy in radiation therapy and the potent intracellular autophagic triggers induced by radiation. We aim to provide a more theoretical basis of radiation-induced autophagy, and provide novel targets for developing cytotoxic drugs to increase radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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312
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Aravamudan B, Thompson M, Sieck GC, Vassallo R, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Functional Effects of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Changes in Airway Smooth Muscle Mitochondrial Morphology. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1053-1068. [PMID: 27474898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) triggers airway hyperreactivity and remodeling, effects that involve airway smooth muscle (ASM). We previously showed that CS destabilizes the networked morphology of mitochondria in human ASM by regulating the expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins via multiple signaling mechanisms. Emerging data link regulation of mitochondrial morphology to cellular structure and function. We hypothesized that CS-induced changes in ASM mitochondrial morphology detrimentally affect mitochondrial function, leading to CS effects on contractility and remodeling. Here, ASM cells were exposed to 1% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 48 h to alter mitochondrial fission/fusion, or by inhibiting the fission protein Drp1 or the fusion protein Mfn2. Mitochondrial function was assessed via changes in bioenergetics or altered rates of proliferation and apoptosis. Our results indicate that both exposure to CS and inhibition of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins affect mitochondrial function (i.e., energy metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis) in ASM cells. In vivo, the airways in mice chronically exposed to CS are thickened and fibrotic, and the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial function is dramatically altered in the ASM of these mice. We conclude that CS-induced changes in mitochondrial morphology (fission/fusion balance) correlate with mitochondrial function, and thus may control ASM proliferation, which plays a central role in airway health. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1053-1068, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Aravamudan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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313
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RelA-Mediated BECN1 Expression Is Required for Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Autophagy in Oral Cancer Cells Exposed to Low-Power Laser Irradiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160586. [PMID: 27632526 PMCID: PMC5025201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) is a non-invasive and safe method for cancer treatment that alters a variety of physiological processes in the cells. Autophagy can play either a cytoprotective role or a detrimental role in cancer cells exposed to stress. The detailed mechanisms of autophagy and its role on cytotoxicity in oral cancer cells exposed to LPLI remain unclear. In this study, we showed that LPLI at 810 nm with energy density 60 J/cm2 increased the number of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3) puncta and increased autophagic flux in oral cancer cells. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was induced, which increased RelA transcriptional activity and beclin 1 (BECN1) expression in oral cancer cells irradiated with LPLI. Furthermore, ROS scavenger or knockdown of RelA diminished LPLI-induced BECN1 expression and MAP1LC3-II conversion. In addition, pharmacological and genetic ablation of autophagy significantly enhanced the effects of LPLI-induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells. These results suggest that autophagy may be a resistant mechanism for LPLI-induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
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314
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Breast cancer tumorigenicity is dependent on high expression levels of NAF-1 and the lability of its Fe-S clusters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10890-5. [PMID: 27621439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612736113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are thought to play an important role in cancer cells mediating redox reactions, DNA replication, and telomere maintenance. Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor-1 (NAF-1) is a 2Fe-2S protein associated with the progression of multiple cancer types. It is unique among Fe-S proteins because of its 3Cys-1His cluster coordination structure that allows it to be relatively stable, as well as to transfer its clusters to apo-acceptor proteins. Here, we report that overexpression of NAF-1 in xenograft breast cancer tumors results in a dramatic augmentation in tumor size and aggressiveness and that NAF-1 overexpression enhances the tolerance of cancer cells to oxidative stress. Remarkably, overexpression of a NAF-1 mutant with a single point mutation that stabilizes the NAF-1 cluster, NAF-1(H114C), in xenograft breast cancer tumors results in a dramatic decrease in tumor size that is accompanied by enhanced mitochondrial iron and reactive oxygen accumulation and reduced cellular tolerance to oxidative stress. Furthermore, treating breast cancer cells with pioglitazone that stabilizes the 3Cys-1His cluster of NAF-1 results in a similar effect on mitochondrial iron and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Taken together, our findings point to a key role for the unique 3Cys-1His cluster of NAF-1 in promoting rapid tumor growth through cellular resistance to oxidative stress. Cluster transfer reactions mediated by the overexpressed NAF-1 protein are therefore critical for inducing oxidative stress tolerance in cancer cells, leading to rapid tumor growth, and drugs that stabilize the NAF-1 cluster could be used as part of a treatment strategy for cancers that display high NAF-1 expression.
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315
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Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Sastre-Serra J, Oliver J, Roca P. SIRT3 Silencing Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Cytotoxic Treatments Through an Increment in ROS Production. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:397-406. [PMID: 27420645 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIRT3, the major deacetylase in mitochondria, plays a crucial role modulating ROS production and scavenging by regulating key proteins implicated in mitochondrial turnover and in antioxidant defenses. Therefore, SIRT3 could confer resistance to chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress, leading to a lower ROS production and a higher cell survival. Our aim was to analyze whether SIRT3 silencing in breast cancer cells through a specific siRNA could increase oxidative stress and thus compromise the antioxidant response, resulting in a sensitization of the cells to cisplatin (CDDP) or tamoxifen (TAM). For this purpose, we studied cell viability, ROS production, apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 and T47D cell lines treated with these cytotoxic compounds, these either alone, or in combination with SIRT3 silencing. Moreover, protein levels regulated by SIRT3 were also examined and survival curves were analyzed to study the importance of SIRT3 expression for the overall survival of breast cancer patients. When SIRT3 was silenced and combined with cytotoxic treatments, cell viability was highly decreased, and was accompanied by a significant increase in ROS production. While TAM treatment increased autophagic cell death, CDDP significantly triggered apoptosis, whereas SIRT3 silencing produced an enhancement of these two action mechanisms. SIRT3 knockdown also affected PGC-1α and TFAM (mitochondrial biogenesis), and MnSOD and IDH2 (antioxidant defenses) protein levels. Finally, survival curves showed that higher SIRT3 expression is correlated to a poorer prognosis for patients with grade 3 breast cancer. In conclusion, SIRT3 could be a therapeutic target for breast cancer, improving the effectiveness of CDDP and TAM treatments. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 397-406, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Edificio S. E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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316
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Ren G, Luo W, Sun W, Niu Y, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wang Y, Lu JJ, Chen X. Psoralidin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent DNA damage and protective autophagy mediated by NOX4 in breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:939-47. [PMID: 27387402 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoralidin (PSO), a natural phenolic coumarin, was reported to have anti-cancer activities. PSO induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in cancer cells. The role of ROS in its anti-cancer effect remains unclear. PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the potential roles of ROS in PSO-induced anti-cancer effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. METHODS Effect of PSO on cancer cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Autophagic vacuoles were detected by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. ROS generation was measured by fluorescent probe. NOX4 localization was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS PSO treatment caused proliferation inhibition in time- and dose- dependent manners, which was partially reversed by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI). PSO induced DNA damage and increased protein expression of γ-H2AX, phosphorylation of ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2. PSO induced autophagy as evidenced by the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and alterations of autophagic protein expression. PSO-induced cell death was enhanced by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Furthermore, PSO treatment induced ROS formation, which was reversed by NAC or DPI pretreatment. The expression of NOX4 was significantly enhanced by PSO. Both NAC and DPI could reverse PSO-induced DNA damage and autophagic responses. In addition, silencing NOX4 by siRNA inhibited PSO-induced ROS generation, DNA damage, and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results showed that PSO induced DNA damage and protective autophagy mediated by ROS generation in a NOX4-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yanan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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317
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Molecular targets of gambogic acid in cancer: recent trends and advancements. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12915-12925. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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318
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Seebacher N, Lane DJR, Richardson DR, Jansson PJ. Turning the gun on cancer: Utilizing lysosomal P-glycoprotein as a new strategy to overcome multi-drug resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:432-45. [PMID: 27154979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Cancer cells must constantly and rapidly adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment, due to alterations in the availability of nutrients, such as glucose, oxygen and key transition metals (e.g., iron and copper). This nutrient flux is typically a consequence of rapid growth, poor vascularization and necrosis. It has been demonstrated that stress factors, such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation up-regulate master transcription factors, namely hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which transcriptionally regulate the multi-drug resistance (MDR), transmembrane drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Interestingly, in addition to the established role of plasma membrane Pgp in MDR, a new paradigm of intracellular resistance has emerged that is premised on the ability of lysosomal Pgp to transport cytotoxic agents into this organelle. This mechanism is enabled by the topological inversion of Pgp via endocytosis resulting in the transporter actively pumping agents into the lysosome. In this way, classical Pgp substrates, such as doxorubicin (DOX), can be actively transported into this organelle. Within the lysosome, DOX becomes protonated upon acidification of the lysosomal lumen, causing its accumulation. This mechanism efficiently traps DOX, preventing its cytotoxic interaction with nuclear DNA. This review discusses these effects and highlights a novel mechanism by which redox-active and protonatable Pgp substrates can utilize lysosomal Pgp to gain access to this compartment, resulting in catastrophic lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Hence, a key MDR mechanism that utilizes Pgp (the "gun") to sequester protonatable drug substrates safely within lysosomes can be "turned on" MDR cancer cells to destroy them from within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Seebacher
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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319
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Thiyagarajan V, Sivalingam KS, Viswanadha VP, Weng CF. 16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide induced glioma cell autophagy via ROS generation and activation of p38 MAPK and ERK-1/2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:202-211. [PMID: 27318969 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
16-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide (HCD), a natural product isolated from medicinal plant Polyalthia longifolia exhibits anticancer activity through caspase-independent apoptosis in brain tumors, as previously reported. This study further attempted to investigate the involvement of HCD-induced autophagy in brain tumor cell lines neuroblastoma N18 and glioma C6 through the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of p38 and ERK-1/2 pathway. The results demonstrated that HCD increased the hyper-generation of ROS and decreased cellular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione s transferase (GST). Furthermore, HCD increased the expressions of autophagic marker proteins LC3-II and Beclin-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, HCD was found to significantly induce p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK-1/2 proteins by Western blot, which implies that HCD is a potential therapeutic anticancer agent that exerts its activity through inducing ROS-mediation for the autophagy of brain tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Life Science and the Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Kalai Selvi Sivalingam
- Animal Tissue Culture and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Vijaya Padma Viswanadha
- Animal Tissue Culture and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and the Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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320
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Hjelmeland A, Zhang J. Metabolic, autophagic, and mitophagic activities in cancer initiation and progression. Biomed J 2016; 39:98-106. [PMID: 27372165 PMCID: PMC5514543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease marked by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion. These processes are driven by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote cancer initiation and progression. Contributing to genome changes are the regulation of oxidative stress and reactive species-induced damage to molecules and organelles. Redox regulation, metabolic plasticity, autophagy, and mitophagy play important and interactive roles in cancer hallmarks including sustained proliferation, activated invasion, and replicative immortality. However, the impact of these processes can differ depending on the signaling pathways altered in cancer, tumor type, tumor stage, and/or the differentiation state. Here, we highlight some of the representative studies on the impact of oxidative and nitrosative activities, mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism, and autophagy and mitophagy in the context of tumorigenesis. We discuss the implications of these processes for cellular activities in cancer for anti-cancer-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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321
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Unravelling the relationship between macroautophagy and mitochondrial ROS in cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2016; 21:517-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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322
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Xue F, Hu L, Ge R, Yang L, Liu K, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang K. Autophagy-deficiency in hepatic progenitor cells leads to the defects of stemness and enhances susceptibility to neoplastic transformation. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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323
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Wang ZJ, Xie JH, Shen MY, Tang W, Wang H, Nie SP, Xie MY. Carboxymethylation of polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus and their characterization and antioxidant properties evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:988-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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324
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Innovative Target Therapies Are Able to Block the Inflammation Associated with Dysfunction of the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010047. [PMID: 26729102 PMCID: PMC4730292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol pathway is an essential biochemical process aimed at the synthesis of bioactive molecules involved in multiple crucial cellular functions. The end products of this pathway are sterols, such as cholesterol, which are essential components of cell membranes, precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids and other molecules such as ubiquinone. Several diseases are caused by defects in this metabolic pathway: the most severe forms of which cause neurological involvement (psychomotor retardation and cerebellar ataxia) as a result of a variety of cellular impairments, including mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathologies are induced by convergent mechanisms in which the mitochondrial unit plays a pivotal role contributing to defective apoptosis, autophagy and mitophagy processes. Unraveling these mechanisms would contribute to the development of effective drug treatments for these disorders. In addition, the development of biochemical models could have a substantial impact on the understanding of the mechanism of action of drugs that act on this pathway in multifactor disorders. In this review we will focus in particular on inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, mitochondria-targeted drugs and inhibitors of the inflammasome.
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325
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Gómez VE, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Unraveling the complexity of autophagy: Potential therapeutic applications in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:11-9. [PMID: 26408419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly dynamic, evolutionary conserved cellular homeostatic process that occurs at baseline levels in most cells. It exerts predominantly cytoprotective effects by removing damaged organelles and protein aggregates. In cancer, however, autophagy acts as both a tumor suppressor by preventing ROS-induced tumorigenesis and as a tumor inducer by providing nutrients to tumor cells under hypoxic, low-energy conditions and protecting them against therapeutically induced stress. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma is an extremely lethal and aggressive neoplasm with a 5 year-survival rate between 1% and 5%. One of the most important factors affecting its poor prognosis is its high resistance to most of the existing chemotherapeutic regimens. The role of autophagy in PDAC has been investigated by different research groups and the results are quite divergent; some research lines point at autophagy as a tumor promoting mechanism, whereas other studies assign oncosuppressive functions to it. Nevertheless, several distinct preclinical studies and clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of both autophagy inducers and autophagy inhibitors as therapeutic compounds against PDAC, many of them providing promising results. Although a better understanding of the complexity of autophagy is needed, the modulation of this process opens new opportunities for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E Gómez
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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326
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Zhang L, Wang K, Lei Y, Li Q, Nice EC, Huang C. Redox signaling: Potential arbitrator of autophagy and apoptosis in therapeutic response. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:452-65. [PMID: 26454086 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Redox signaling plays important roles in the regulation of cell death and survival in response to cancer therapy. Autophagy and apoptosis are discrete cellular processes mediated by distinct groups of regulatory and executioner molecules, and both are thought to be cellular responses to various stress conditions including oxidative stress, therefore controlling cell fate. Basic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may function as signals to promote cell proliferation and survival, whereas increase of ROS can induce autophagy and apoptosis by damaging cellular components. Growing evidence in recent years argues for ROS that below detrimental levels acting as intracellular signal transducers that regulate autophagy and apoptosis. ROS-regulated autophagy and apoptosis can cross-talk with each other. However, how redox signaling determines different cell fates by regulating autophagy and apoptosis remains unclear. In this review, we will focus on understanding the delicate molecular mechanism by which autophagy and apoptosis are finely orchestrated by redox signaling and discuss how this understanding can be used to develop strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570102, P.R. China
| | - Edouard Collins Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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327
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Modulation of Tamoxifen Cytotoxicity by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3017108. [PMID: 26697130 PMCID: PMC4677239 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3017108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of the most widely used drugs in managing breast cancer, many women still relapse after long-term therapy. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a polyphenolic compound present in many medicinal plants and in propolis. The present study examined the effect of CAPE on TAM cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of TAM and/or CAPE for 48 h. This novel combination exerted synergistic cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 cells via induction of apoptotic machinery with activation of caspases and DNA fragmentation, along with downregulation of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 expression levels. However, the mammalian microtubule-associated protein light chain LC 3-II level was unchanged. Vascular endothelial growth factor level was also decreased, whereas levels of glutathione and nitric oxide were increased. In conclusion, CAPE augmented TAM cytotoxicity via multiple mechanisms, providing a novel therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment that can overcome resistance and lower toxicity. This effect provides a rationale for further investigation of this combination.
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328
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Copper(II) complexes with naringenin and hesperetin: cytotoxic activity against A 549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and investigation on the mode of action. Biometals 2015; 29:39-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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329
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Tong L, Chuang CC, Wu S, Zuo L. Reactive oxygen species in redox cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 367:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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330
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Kehrer JP, Klotz LO. Free radicals and related reactive species as mediators of tissue injury and disease: implications for Health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:765-98. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1074159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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331
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Okon IS, Zou MH. Mitochondrial ROS and cancer drug resistance: Implications for therapy. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:170-4. [PMID: 26276086 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, a well-coordinated and balanced redox system exists to ensure that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are appropriately utilized to accomplish specific functions, such as signaling and protein regulation. The influence of ROS within malignant cells, whether for good or bad may depend on several factors, such as tumor and tissue type, disease stage, treatment strategy, as well as duration, specificity and levels of ROS. What then are the known roles of ROS in cancer? Firstly, ROS significantly impacts cancer phenotypes. Secondly, the oxidative ROS property responsible for killing cancer cells, also impact secondary signaling networks. Thirdly, a strong correlation exist between ROS and genetic instability which may promote mutations. Finally, emerging observations suggest a role for mitochondrial ROS in cancer drug resistance, with implications for therapy. The mitochondria is a key regulator of metabolic-redox (meta-redox) alterations within cancer cells. Like a double-edged sword, mitochondrial ROS perturbations in cancer therapy may be beneficial or detrimental. However, harnessing ROS-specific cancer-targeting benefits remain a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imoh S Okon
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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332
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Patergnani S, Missiroli S, Marchi S, Giorgi C. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes Microenvironment: Targeting Autophagic and Apoptotic Pathways in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:173. [PMID: 26284195 PMCID: PMC4515599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic pathway that terminates in the lysosomal compartment after the formation of a cytoplasmic vacuole that engulfs macromolecules and organelles. Notably, autophagy is associated with several human pathophysiological conditions, playing either a cytoprotective or cytopathic role. Many studies have investigated the role of autophagy in cancer. However, whether autophagy suppresses tumorigenesis or provides cancer cells with a rescue mechanism under unfavorable conditions remains unclear. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are juxtaposed between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and have been identified as critical hubs in the regulation of apoptosis and tumor growth. One key function of MAMs is to provide asylum to a number of proteins with tumor suppressor and oncogenic properties. Accordingly, mechanistic studies during tumor progression suggest a strong involvement of these proteins at various steps of the autophagic process. This paper discusses the present state of our knowledge about the intimate molecular networks between MAMs and autophagy in cancer cells and addresses how these networks might be manipulated to improve anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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333
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Manda G, Isvoranu G, Comanescu MV, Manea A, Debelec Butuner B, Korkmaz KS. The redox biology network in cancer pathophysiology and therapeutics. Redox Biol 2015; 5:347-357. [PMID: 26122399 PMCID: PMC4501561 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The review pinpoints operational concepts related to the redox biology network applied to the pathophysiology and therapeutics of solid tumors. A sophisticated network of intrinsic and extrinsic cues, integrated in the tumor niche, drives tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Critical mutations and distorted redox signaling pathways orchestrate pathologic events inside cancer cells, resulting in resistance to stress and death signals, aberrant proliferation and efficient repair mechanisms. Additionally, the complex inter-cellular crosstalk within the tumor niche, mediated by cytokines, redox-sensitive danger signals (HMGB1) and exosomes, under the pressure of multiple stresses (oxidative, inflammatory, metabolic), greatly contributes to the malignant phenotype. The tumor-associated inflammatory stress and its suppressive action on the anti-tumor immune response are highlighted. We further emphasize that ROS may act either as supporter or enemy of cancer cells, depending on the context. Oxidative stress-based therapies, such as radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy, take advantage of the cytotoxic face of ROS for killing tumor cells by a non-physiologically sudden, localized and intense oxidative burst. The type of tumor cell death elicited by these therapies is discussed. Therapy outcome depends on the differential sensitivity to oxidative stress of particular tumor cells, such as cancer stem cells, and therefore co-therapies that transiently down-regulate their intrinsic antioxidant system hold great promise. We draw attention on the consequences of the damage signals delivered by oxidative stress-injured cells to neighboring and distant cells, and emphasize the benefits of therapeutically triggered immunologic cell death in metastatic cancer. An integrative approach should be applied when designing therapeutic strategies in cancer, taking into consideration the mutational, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative status of tumor cells, cellular heterogeneity and the hypoxia map in the tumor niche, along with the adjoining and systemic effects of oxidative stress-based therapies. Critical point mutations and distorted redox-sensitive signaling pathways underlie the tumorigenic phenotype. Inter-cellular crosstalk under stress conditions in the tumor niche drives the behavior of tumor cells. ROS may act as either as supporter or enemy of tumor cells, depending on the context. Oxidative stress-injured cells deliver danger signals to neighboring and distant cells, hence dictating the outcome of therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Radiobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Gheorghita Isvoranu
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Radiobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Victoria Comanescu
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Radiobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Manea
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bilge Debelec Butuner
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sami Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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334
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Button RW, Luo S, Rubinsztein DC. Autophagic activity in neuronal cell death. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:382-94. [PMID: 26077705 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-015-1528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As post-mitotic cells with great energy demands, neurons depend upon the homeostatic and waste-recycling functions provided by autophagy. In addition, autophagy also promotes survival during periods of harsh stress and targets aggregate-prone proteins associated with neurodegeneration for degradation. Despite this, autophagy has also been controversially described as a mechanism of programmed cell death. Instances of autophagic cell death are typically associated with elevated numbers of cytoplasmic autophagosomes, which have been assumed to lead to excessive degradation of cellular components. Due to the high activity and reliance on autophagy in neurons, these cells may be particularly susceptible to autophagic death. In this review, we summarize and assess current evidence in support of autophagic cell death in neurons, as well as how the dysregulation of autophagy commonly seen in neurodegeneration can contribute to neuron loss. From here, we discuss potential treatment strategies relevant to such cell-death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Button
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK
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