301
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Moquin A, Winnik FM, Maysinger D. Separation science: Principles and applications for the analysis of bionanoparticles by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). Methods Mol Biol 2013; 991:325-41. [PMID: 23546682 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-336-7_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation is an analytical technique that allows the separation of particles over a size range, from a few nanometers to several microns in diameter. The separation takes place under mild conditions and is suited for the analysis of neutral or charged particles. A single measurement yields the size and concentration of each component of a mixture. However, developing a suitable fractionation method can be tedious and time-consuming. In this chapter, we present asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) conditions that have proven their reliability for the analysis of quantum dots and other nanoparticles in the 5-50 nm size range. Common pitfalls are emphasized together with strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moquin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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302
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Petkau-Milroy K, Brunsveld L. Supramolecular chemical biology; bioactive synthetic self-assemblies. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:219-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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303
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Thielbeer F, Chankeshwara SV, Johansson EMV, Norouzi N, Bradley M. Palladium-mediated bioorthogonal conjugation of dual-functionalised nanoparticles and their cellular delivery. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20706k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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304
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Jia J, Zhang P, Gao D, Sheng Z, Hu D, Gong P, Wu C, Chen J, Cai L. One-step synthesis of peptide-programmed QDs as ready-to-use nanoprobes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4492-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40524a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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305
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del Pino P, Mitchell SG, Pelaz B. Design and characterization of functional nanoparticles for enhanced bio-performance. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1051:165-207. [PMID: 23934805 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-550-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of inorganic nanomaterials for medical applications. At present, nanomedicines-nanoparticles (NPs) destined for therapy or diagnosis purposes-can be found in a number of medical applications including therapeutics (either self-therapeutics or drug carriers) and diagnosis agents (e.g., contrast agents for imaging or transducers in biosensors). Pushing the limits of nanotechnology towards enhanced nanomedicines will surely help to reduce side effects of traditional treatments and to achieve earlier diagnosis. As for all medical approaches, the ultimate aim of nanomedicine is improving the well-being of patients. However, mixing nanomaterials with biological components such as fluids, living cells, and tissues does not always result as expected. The interplay between engineered nanomaterials and biological components is influenced by complex interactions which make predicting their biological fate and performance a nontrivial issue. Indeed, the structural integrity and the a priori function of nanomaterials can change dramatically due to unwanted nano-bio interactions. For medical applications in particular, any new nanomaterial has to be exhaustively studied when it comes in close contact with biological fluids and living cells or organisms. The motivation is clear: first, many unwanted effects can be turned on unexpectedly (e.g., leakage of toxic ions, ROS production, and sequestration by the phagocytic system) and second, their purpose as therapeutic or diagnostic agent can be lost as they are transferred to the desired working environment. This chapter aims to highlight key factors that should be taken into account when choosing and characterizing such functional materials for a given application, with a view to minimizing unwanted nano-bio interactions, rather than providing an exhaustive compilation of recent work. We hope that both early-stage and experienced researchers will find it valuable for designing nanoparticles for enhanced bio-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo del Pino
- Nanotherapy and Nanodiagnostics Group (GN2), Campus Rio Ebro, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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306
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Algar WR, Ancona MG, Malanoski AP, Susumu K, Medintz IL. Assembly of a concentric Förster resonance energy transfer relay on a quantum dot scaffold: characterization and application to multiplexed protease sensing. ACS NANO 2012; 6:11044-11058. [PMID: 23215458 DOI: 10.1021/nn304736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), are one of the most widely utilized nanomaterials for biological applications. Their cumulative physicochemical and optical properties are both unique among nanomaterials and highly advantageous. In particular, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been widely utilized as a spectroscopic tool with QDs, whether for characterizing QD bioconjugates as a "molecular ruler" or for modulating QD luminescence "on" and "off" in biosensing configurations. Here, we investigate the assembly and utility of a new "concentric" FRET relay that comprises a central QD conjugated with multiple copies of two different peptides, each labeled with one of two fluorescent dyes, Alexa Fluor 555 (A555) or Alexa Fluor 647 (A647). Energy transfer occurs from the QD to the A555 (FRET(1)) then to the A647 (FRET(2)) and, to a lesser extent, directly from the QD to the A647 (FRET(3)). We show that such an arrangement can provide insight into the interfacial distribution of peptides assembled to the QD and can further be utilized for sensing proteolytic activity. In the latter, progress curves for digestion of the assembled peptides by two prototypical proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin, were measured from the relative QD, A555 and A647 PL contributions, and used to extract Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters. We further show that the concentric FRET relay, as a single nanoparticle vector, can track the tryptic activation of a proenzyme, chymotrypsinogen, to active chymotrypsin. The concentric FRET relay is thus a potentially powerful tool for the characterization of QD bioconjugates and multiplexed sensing of coupled biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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307
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Eltepu L, Jayaraman M, Rajeev KG, Manoharan M. An immobilized and reusable Cu(I) catalyst for metal ion-free conjugation of ligands to fully deprotected oligonucleotides through click reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 49:184-6. [PMID: 23172132 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chelation of Cu(I) ions to an immobilized hydrophilic tris(triazolylmethyl)amine chelator on a solid support allowed synthesis of RNA oligonucleotide conjugates from completely deprotected alkyne-oligonucleotides. No oligonucleotide strand degradation or metal ion contamination was observed. Furthermore, use of the immobilized copper(I) ion overcame regioselectivity issues associated with strain-promoted copper-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Eltepu
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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308
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309
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Vannoy CH, Chong L, Le C, Krull UJ. A competitive displacement assay with quantum dots as fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 759:92-9. [PMID: 23260681 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unique optoelectronic properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) make them well-suited as fluorescent bioprobes for use in various biological applications. Modification of CdSe/ZnS QDs with biologically relevant molecules provides for multipotent probes that can be used for cellular labeling, bioassays, and localized optical interrogation by means of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Herein, we demonstrate the use of red-emitting streptavidin-coated QDs (QD(605)) as donors in FRET to introduce a competitive displacement-based assay for the detection of oligonucleotides. Various QD-DNA bioconjugates featuring 25-mer probe sequences diagnostic of Hsp23 were prepared. The single-stranded oligonucleotide probes were hybridized to dye-labeled (Alexa Fluor 647) reporter sequences, which were provided for a FRET-sensitized emission signal due to proximity of the QD and dye. The dye-labeled sequence was designed to be partially complementary and include base-pair mismatches to facilitate displacement by a more energetically favorable, fully complementary recognition motif embedded within a 98-mer displacer sequence. Overall, this study demonstrates proof-of-concept at the nM level for competitive displacement hybridization assays in vitro by reduction of fluorescence intensity that directly correlates to the presence of oligonucleotides of interest. This work demonstrates an analytical method that could potentially be implemented for monitoring of intracellular gene expression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Vannoy
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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310
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Fortier C, De Crescenzo G, Durocher Y. A versatile coiled-coil tethering system for the oriented display of ligands on nanocarriers for targeted gene delivery. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1344-53. [PMID: 23137397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of non-viral gene delivery nanocarriers may provide advanced features such as receptor targeting, endosomal escape and nuclear import. We here report the design of a versatile and tunable immobilization protocol to functionalize nanocarriers for improved transient gene expression. Our strategy is based on specific interactions occurring between a coil-tagged ligand and a complementary coil-functionalized nanocarrier. As a proof of concept, targeting of DNA/polyethylenimine polyplexes to the epidermal growth factor receptor of A431 cells was investigated. Coiled-coil-mediated oriented tethering of epidermal growth factor triggered a drastic increase of the internalization rate of the targeted polyplexes. To explore the tunability of our platform, surface density of targeting ligand was varied; our results indicated that the internalization rate varied with the ligand-to-polyplex ratio in a "switch mode" fashion. This work prefigures possible avenues for our coiled-coil platform in multiplex functionalization to address transient gene expression bottlenecks in recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fortier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Groupe de Recherche en Sciences et Technologie Biomédicales, Bio-P2 Research Unit, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3A7
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311
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Algar WR, Malanoski AP, Susumu K, Stewart MH, Hildebrandt N, Medintz IL. Multiplexed tracking of protease activity using a single color of quantum dot vector and a time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer relay. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10136-46. [PMID: 23128345 DOI: 10.1021/ac3028068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive probes for optical sensing and imaging due to their unique photophysical attributes and nanoscale size. In particular, the development of assays and biosensors based on QDs and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) continues to be a prominent focus of research. Here, we demonstrate the application of QDs as simultaneous donors and acceptors in a time-gated FRET relay for the multiplexed detection of protease activity. In contrast to the current state-of-the-art, which uses multiple colors of QDs, multiplexing was achieved using only a single color of QD. The other constituents of the FRET relay, a luminescent terbium complex and fluorescent dye, were assembled to QDs via peptides that were selected as substrates for the model proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin. Loss of prompt FRET between the QD and dye signaled the activity of chymotrypsin; loss of time-gated FRET between the terbium and QD signaled the activity of trypsin. We applied the FRET relay in a series of quantitative, real-time kinetic assays of increasing biochemical complexity, including multiplexed sensing, measuring inhibition in a multiplexed format, and tracking the proteolytic activation of an inactive pro-protease to its active form in a coupled, multienzyme system. These capabilities were derived from a ratiometric analysis of the two FRET pathways in the relay and permitted extraction of initial reaction rates, enzyme specificity constants, and apparent inhibition constants. This work adds to the growing body of research on multifunctional nanoparticles and introduces multiplexed sensing as a novel capability for a single nanoparticle vector. Furthermore, the ability to track both enzymes within a coupled biological system using one vector represents a significant advancement for nanoparticle-based biosensing. Prospective applications in biochemical research, applied diagnostics, and drug discovery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States.
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312
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Jian G, Liu Y, He X, Chen L, Zhang Y. Click chemistry: a new facile and efficient strategy for the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles covalently functionalized with IDA-Cu and their application in the depletion of abundant protein in blood samples. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6336-42. [PMID: 22941423 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31430d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel method to synthesize core-shell structured Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) covalently functionalized with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) via click chemistry between the azide and alkyne groups and charged with Cu(2+). Firstly, the Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) NPs were obtained using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to form a silica shell on the surface of the Fe(3)O(4) core. The azide group-modified Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2) NPs were obtained by a sol-gel process using 3-azidopropyltriethoxysilane (AzPTES) as the silane agent. Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)-N(3) was directly reacted with N-propargyl iminodiacetic via click chemistry, in the presence of a Cu(I) catalyst, to acquire the IDA-modified Fe(3)O(4) NPs. Finally, through the addition of Cu(2+), the Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)-IDA-Cu NP product was obtained. The morphology, structure and composition of the NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resulting NPs showed a strong magnetic response to an externally applied magnetic field, a high adsorption capacity and excellent specificity towards hemoglobin (Hb). In addition, the Fe(3)O(4)@SiO(2)-IDA-Cu NPs can be used for the selective removal of abundant Hb protein in bovine and human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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313
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Delehanty JB, Susumu K, Manthe RL, Algar WR, Medintz IL. Active cellular sensing with quantum dots: Transitioning from research tool to reality; a review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:63-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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314
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McLeod D, McNulty J. Mild Chemical and Biological Synthesis of Donor-Acceptor Flanked Reporter Stilbenes: Demonstration of a Physiological Wittig Olefination Reaction. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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315
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Tseng JC, Benink HA, McDougall MG, Chico-Calero I, Kung AL. In Vivo Fluorescent Labeling of Tumor Cells with the HaloTag® Technology. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2012; 6:48-54. [PMID: 23115613 PMCID: PMC3480697 DOI: 10.2174/1875397301206010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many fluorescent sensors are currently available for in vitro bio-physiological microscopic imaging. The ability to label cells in living animals with these fluorescent sensors would help translate some of these assays into in vivo applications. To achieve this goal, the first step is to establish a method for selectively labeling target cells with exogenous fluorophores. Here we tested whether the HaloTag® protein tagging system provides specific labeling of xenograft tumors in living animals. After systemic delivery of fluorophore-conjugated ligands, we performed whole animal planar fluorescent imaging to determine uptake in tag-expressing HCT116 xenografts. Our results demonstrate that HaloTag ligands containing red or near-infrared fluorophores have enhanced tumor uptake and are suitable for non-invasive in vivo imaging. Our proof-of-concept results establish feasibility for using HaloTag technology for bio-physiological imaging in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chieh Tseng
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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316
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Schieber C, Bestetti A, Lim JP, Ryan AD, Nguyen TL, Eldridge R, White AR, Gleeson PA, Donnelly PS, Williams SJ, Mulvaney P. Conjugation of transferrin to azide-modified CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots using cyclooctyne click chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10523-7. [PMID: 22996637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Twinkle twinkle quantum dot: Conjugation of biomolecules to azide-modified quantum dots (QDs) through a bifunctional linker, using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition with the QD and a squaramide linkage to the biomolecule (see scheme). Transferrin-conjugated QDs were internalized by transferrin-receptor expressing HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schieber
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
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317
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Schieber C, Bestetti A, Lim JP, Ryan AD, Nguyen TL, Eldridge R, White AR, Gleeson PA, Donnelly PS, Williams SJ, Mulvaney P. Conjugation of Transferrin to Azide-Modified CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots using Cyclooctyne Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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318
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Metera KL, Hänni KD, Zhou G, Nayak MK, Bazzi HS, Juncker D, Sleiman HF. Luminescent Iridium(III)-Containing Block Copolymers: Self-Assembly into Biotin-Labeled Micelles for Biodetection Assays. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:954-959. [PMID: 35607050 DOI: 10.1021/mz3001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent polymers containing Ir(ppy)2(bpy) PF6 complexes, biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains, and biotin moieties were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Their self-assembly in water into micelles resulted in an increased quantum yield compared to open polymer chains in acetonitrile, which is likely due to core rigidity and desolvation. Streptavidin coated magnetic beads were employed to analyze the binding ability of these micelles. The positioning of the molecular recognition moiety biotin within the polymer chain had a very significant effect on the availability of biotin on the micelle surface and the ability of the micelles to bind to streptavidin. Simply attaching biotin to the end of the ROMP polymer yielded micelles in which the biotin units were shielded by the PEG chains, whereas the synthesis of a new ROMP monomer containing biotin at the end of the PEG chains resulted in improved surface availability of the biotin group. Preliminary experiments in which streptavidin was microcontact-printed onto functionalized glass coverslips also indicated specific binding between the micelles and streptavidin and further demonstrated the potential of these micelle systems to function as luminescent probes in solid-phase biodetection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Metera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Kevin D. Hänni
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - Gina Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Manoj K. Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Hanadi F. Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
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319
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McNulty J, Keskar K. Discovery of a Robust and Efficient Homogeneous Silver(I) Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of Azides onto Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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320
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Grabosch C, Kolbe K, Lindhorst TK. Glycoarrays by a New Tandem Noncovalent-Covalent Modification of Polystyrene Microtiter Plates and their Interrogation with Live Cells. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1874-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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321
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Hötzer B, Medintz IL, Hildebrandt N. Fluorescence in nanobiotechnology: sophisticated fluorophores for novel applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2297-326. [PMID: 22678833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology is one of the fastest growing and broadest-ranged interdisciplinary subfields of the nanosciences. Countless hybrid bio-inorganic composites are currently being pursued for various uses, including sensors for medical and diagnostic applications, light- and energy-harvesting devices, along with multifunctional architectures for electronics and advanced drug-delivery. Although many disparate biological and nanoscale materials will ultimately be utilized as the functional building blocks to create these devices, a common element found among a large proportion is that they exert or interact with light. Clearly continuing development will rely heavily on incorporating many different types of fluorophores into these composite materials. This review covers the growing utility of different classes of fluorophores in nanobiotechnology, from both a photophysical and a chemical perspective. For each major structural or functional class of fluorescent probe, several representative applications are provided, and the necessary technological background for acquiring the desired nano-bioanalytical information are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hötzer
- NanoBioPhotonics, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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322
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Colombo M, Mazzucchelli S, Collico V, Avvakumova S, Pandolfi L, Corsi F, Porta F, Prosperi D. Protein-assisted one-pot synthesis and biofunctionalization of spherical gold nanoparticles for selective targeting of cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9272-5. [PMID: 22833476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Colombo
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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323
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Protein-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis and Biofunctionalization of Spherical Gold Nanoparticles for Selective Targeting of Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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324
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka T, Kondo A. Enzyme-mediated methodologies for protein modification and bioconjugate synthesis. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1137-46. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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325
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Zhang S, Chan KH, Prud'homme RK, Link AJ. Synthesis and evaluation of clickable block copolymers for targeted nanoparticle drug delivery. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2228-36. [PMID: 22734614 DOI: 10.1021/mp3000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles with multifunctional capabilities, including surface functionalization, hold great promise to address challenges in targeted drug delivery. Here, we describe a concise, robust synthesis of a heterofunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG), HO-PEG-azide. This macromer was used to synthesize polylactide (PLA)-PEG-azide, a functional diblock copolymer. Rapid precipitation of this copolymer with a hydrophobic cargo resulted in the generation of monodisperse nanoparticles with azides in the surface corona. To demonstrate conjugation to these nanoparticles, a regioselectively modified alkyne-folate was employed as a model small molecule ligand, and the artificial protein A1 with an alkyne moiety introduced by unnatural amino acid substitution was selected as a model macromolecular ligand. Using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne ligation reaction, both ligands exhibited good conjugation efficiency even when low concentrations of ligands were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Zhang
- Departments of †Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Molecular Biology, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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326
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De Oliveira H, Thevenot J, Lecommandoux S. Smart polymersomes for therapy and diagnosis: fast progress toward multifunctional biomimetic nanomedicines. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:525-46. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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327
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Jee JA, Spagnuolo LA, Rudick JG. Convergent Synthesis of Dendrimers via the Passerini Three-Component Reaction. Org Lett 2012; 14:3292-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301263v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ann Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Lauren A. Spagnuolo
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Rudick
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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328
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Quarta A, Curcio A, Kakwere H, Pellegrino T. Polymer coated inorganic nanoparticles: tailoring the nanocrystal surface for designing nanoprobes with biological implications. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3319-34. [PMID: 22572969 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of inorganic nanoparticles in biomedicine, in particular in the field of diagnosis and therapy of human diseases, has rapidly grown in the last few decades. Water solubilisation of the nanoparticles, especially for particles synthesized in non-polar solvents, is an essential prerequisite for their biological exploitation. The encapsulation of surfactant coated nanoparticles into polymer shells represents one of the most suitable and most popular methods to make them water soluble. Herein we provide an overview of the amphiphilic polymer molecules used and the efforts undertaken to further tailor the surface of polymer coated nanoparticles with fluorescent dyes, chemical sensor molecules and small or large biomolecules for the preparation of bio-functional nanoprobes. Their biological implications, highlighting limitations and challenges, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Quarta
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of CNR-NANO, via per Arnesano km 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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329
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Jin Z, Hildebrandt N. Semiconductor quantum dots for in vitro diagnostics and cellular imaging. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:394-403. [PMID: 22608980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The need for companion diagnostics, point-of-care testing (POCT) and high-throughput screening in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine has pushed the need for more biological information from a single sample at extremely low concentrations and volumes. Optical biosensors based on semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can answer these requirements because their unique photophysical properties are ideally suited for highly sensitive multiplexed detection. Many different biological systems have been successfully scrutinized with a large variety of QDs over the past decade but their future as widely applied commercial biosensors is still open. In this review, we highlight recent in vitro diagnostic and cellular imaging applications of QDs and discuss milestones and obstacles on their way toward integration into real-life diagnostic and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Jin
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, Orsay, France
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330
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Tada S, Kitajima T, Ito Y. Design and synthesis of binding growth factors. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6053-6072. [PMID: 22754349 PMCID: PMC3382770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors play important roles in tissue regeneration. However, because of their instability and diffusible nature, improvements in their performance would be desirable for therapeutic applications. Conferring binding affinities would be one way to improve their applicability. Here we review techniques for conjugating growth factors to polypeptides with particular affinities. Conjugation has been designed at the level of gene fusion and of polypeptide ligation. We summarize and discuss the designs and applications of binding growth factors prepared by such conjugation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Tada
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitajima
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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331
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Zhang P, Liu S, Gao D, Hu D, Gong P, Sheng Z, Deng J, Ma Y, Cai L. Click-Functionalized Compact Quantum Dots Protected by Multidentate-Imidazole Ligands: Conjugation-Ready Nanotags for Living-Virus Labeling and Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8388-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302367s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Duyang Gao
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dehong Hu
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gong
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jizhe Deng
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Ma
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lintao Cai
- CAS Key
Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute
of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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332
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Ito Y. Elaborate Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1100-2. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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333
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Kamaly N, Xiao Z, Valencia PM, Radovic-Moreno AF, Farokhzad OC. Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:2971-3010. [PMID: 22388185 PMCID: PMC3684255 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1133] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric materials have been used in a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products for more than 40 years. These materials have evolved from their earlier use as biodegradable products such as resorbable sutures, orthopaedic implants, macroscale and microscale drug delivery systems such as microparticles and wafers used as controlled drug release depots, to multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of targeting, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. These newer generations of targeted and controlled release polymeric NPs are now engineered to navigate the complex in vivo environment, and incorporate functionalities for achieving target specificity, control of drug concentration and exposure kinetics at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Indeed this optimization of drug pharmacology as aided by careful design of multifunctional NPs can lead to improved drug safety and efficacy, and may be complimentary to drug enhancements that are traditionally achieved by medicinal chemistry. In this regard, polymeric NPs have the potential to result in a highly differentiated new class of therapeutics, distinct from the original active drugs used in their composition, and distinct from first generation NPs that largely facilitated drug formulation. A greater flexibility in the design of drug molecules themselves may also be facilitated following their incorporation into NPs, as drug properties (solubility, metabolism, plasma binding, biodistribution, target tissue accumulation) will no longer be constrained to the same extent by drug chemical composition, but also become in-part the function of the physicochemical properties of the NP. The combination of optimally designed drugs with optimally engineered polymeric NPs opens up the possibility of improved clinical outcomes that may not be achievable with the administration of drugs in their conventional form. In this critical review, we aim to provide insights into the design and development of targeted polymeric NPs and to highlight the challenges associated with the engineering of this novel class of therapeutics, including considerations of NP design optimization, development and biophysicochemical properties. Additionally, we highlight some recent examples from the literature, which demonstrate current trends and novel concepts in both the design and utility of targeted polymeric NPs (444 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Kamaly
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pedro M. Valencia
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aleksandar F. Radovic-Moreno
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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334
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Sekiguchi S, Niikura K, Matsuo Y, Ijiro K. Hydrophilic gold nanoparticles adaptable for hydrophobic solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5503-5507. [PMID: 22428570 DOI: 10.1021/la300299x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface ligand molecules enabling gold nanoparticles to disperse in both polar and nonpolar solvents through changes in conformation are presented. Gold nanoparticles coated with alkyl-head-capped PEG derivatives were initially well dispersed in water through exposure of the PEG residue (bent form). When chloroform was added to the aqueous solution of gold nanoparticles, the gold nanoparticles were transferred from an aqueous to a chloroform phase through exposure of the alkyl-head residue (straight form). The conformational change (bent to straight form) of immobilized ligands in response to the polarity of the solvents was supported by NMR analyses and water contact angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
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335
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Intracellular nucleic acid interactions facilitated by quantum dots: conceptualizing theranostics. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:479-99. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of theranostics arises from the unification of both diagnostic and therapeutic applications into a single package. The implementation of nanoparticles, such as semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), to achieve theranostic applications, offers great potential for development of methods that are suitable for personalized medicine. Researchers have taken advantage of the physiochemical properties of QDs to elicit novel bioconjugation techniques that enable the attachment of multifunctional moieties on the surface of QDs. In this review, the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of QDs that feature the use of nucleic acids are highlighted with a particular emphasis on the possibility of combinatorial applications. Nucleic acid research is of particular interest for gene therapy, and is relevant to the understanding of gene regulation pathways and gene expression dynamics. Recent toxicity studies featuring multifunctional QDs are also examined. Future perspectives discussing the expected development of this field conclude the article.
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336
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Díaz JA, Grewer DM, Gibbs-Davis JM. Tuning ratios, densities, and supramolecular spacing in bifunctional DNA-modified gold nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:873-883. [PMID: 22228478 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Methods for combining multiple functions into well-defined nanomaterials are still lacking, despite their need in nanomedicine and within the broader field of nanotechnology. Here several strategies for controlling the amount and the ratio of combinations of labeled DNA on 13-nm gold nanoparticles using self-assembly of thiolated DNA and/or DNA-directed assembly are explored. It is found that the self-assembly of mixtures of fluorescently labeled DNA can lead to a higher amount of labeled DNA per particle; however, the ratio of fluorophores on the nanoparticles differs greatly from that in the self-assembly solution. In contrast, when fluorescently labeled DNA are hybridized to DNA-modified gold nanoparticles, the fluorophore ratio on the nanoparticles is much closer to their ratio in solution. The use of bifunctional DNA-doublers in self-assembly and DNA-directed assembly is also explored to increase the complexity of these materials and control their composition. Finally, tuning the distance between the labels from 2.9 to 5.4 nm was achieved using different hybridized DNA clamp complexes. Fluorescent results suggest that assembling these clamps on nanoparticle surfaces may be possible, although the resulting label spacing could not be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián A Díaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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337
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Giuntini F, Dumoulin F, Daly R, Ahsen V, Scanlan EM, Lavado ASP, Aylott JW, Rosser GA, Beeby A, Boyle RW. Orthogonally bifunctionalised polyacrylamide nanoparticles: a support for the assembly of multifunctional nanodevices. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2034-2045. [PMID: 22354385 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide nanoparticles bearing two orthogonal reactive functionalities were prepared by reverse microemulsion polymerisation. Water-soluble photosensitisers and peptide or carbohydrate moieties were sequentially attached to the new nanospecies by orthogonal conjugations based on copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition and isothiocyanate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giuntini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, East Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
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338
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka T, Kondo A. Sortase A-catalyzed site-specific coimmobilization on microparticles via streptavidin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3553-3557. [PMID: 22276782 DOI: 10.1021/la2047933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A microparticle surface was designed by the unique method incorporating streptavidin-biotin affinity and sortase A (SrtA)-catalyzed transpeptidation. Leucine-proline-glutamate-threonine-glycine-tagged streptavidin (Stav-LPETG)was immobilized on the surface using streptavidin-biotin affinity, and GGGGG-tagged red fluorescent protein (Gly5-RFP) was conjugated with SrtA. Biotinylated fluorescein isothiocyanate (biotin-FITC) was then bound to residual biotin-binding sites in Stav-LPETG. The resulting particles had RFP and FITC immobilized on the surface via Stav-LPETG, and RFP- and FITC-associated fluorescence was observed using fluorescence microscopy. Finally, GGG-tagged glucose oxidase and biotinylated horseradish peroxidase were immobilized on the microparticle surface, resulting in a functional particle capable of detecting glucose. This particle can be repeatedly used and is more sensitive in detecting glucose than particles prepared using chemical modification. Our method provides a simple strategy for site-specific coimmobilization on molecular surfaces and expands the use of protein hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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339
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Arazawa DT, Oh HI, Ye SH, Johnson CA, Woolley JR, Wagner WR, Federspiel WJ. Immobilized Carbonic Anhydrase on Hollow Fiber Membranes Accelerates CO(2) Removal from Blood. J Memb Sci 2012; 404-404:25-31. [PMID: 22962517 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Current artificial lungs and respiratory assist devices designed for carbon dioxide removal (CO(2)R) are limited in their efficiency due to the relatively small partial pressure difference across gas exchange membranes. To offset this underlying diffusional challenge, bioactive hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) increase the carbon dioxide diffusional gradient through the immobilized enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which converts bicarbonate to CO(2) directly at the HFM surface. In this study, we tested the impact of CA-immobilization on HFM CO(2) removal efficiency and thromboresistance in blood. Fiber surface modification with radio frequency glow discharge (RFGD) introduced hydroxyl groups, which were activated by 1M CNBr while 1.5M TEA was added drop wise over the activation time course, then incubation with a CA solution covalently linked the enzyme to the surface. The bioactive HFMs were then potted in a model gas exchange device (0.0084 m(2)) and tested in a recirculation loop with a CO(2) inlet of 50mmHg under steady blood flow. Using an esterase activity assay, CNBr chemistry with TEA resulted in 0.99U of enzyme activity, a 3.3 fold increase in immobilized CA activity compared to our previous method. These bioactive HFMs demonstrated 108 ml/min/m(2) CO(2) removal rate, marking a 36% increase compared to unmodified HFMs (p < 0.001). Thromboresistance of CA-modified HFMs was assessed in terms of adherent platelets on surfaces by using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results indicated HFMs with CA modification had 95% less platelet deposition compared to unmodified HFM (p < 0.01). Overall these findings revealed increased CO(2) removal can be realized through bioactive HFMs, enabling a next generation of more efficient CO(2) removal intravascular and paracorporeal respiratory assist devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Arazawa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
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340
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Ng S, Jafari MR, Derda R. Bacteriophages and viruses as a support for organic synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:123-38. [PMID: 21988453 DOI: 10.1021/cb200342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Display of polypeptide on the coat proteins of bacteriophages and viruses is a powerful tool for selection and amplification of libraries of great diversity. Chemical diversity of these libraries, however, is limited to libraries made of natural amino acid side chains. Bacteriophages and viruses can be modified chemically; peptide libraries presented on phage thus can be functionalized to yield moieties that cannot be encoded genetically. In this review, we summarize the possibilities for using bacteriophage and viral particles as support for the synthesis of diverse chemically modified peptide libraries. This review critically summarizes the key chemical considerations for on-phage syntheses such as selection of reactions compatible with protein of phage, modification of phage "support" that renders it more suitable for reactions, and characterization of reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ng
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Innovates Centre
for Carbohydrate Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mohammad R. Jafari
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Innovates Centre
for Carbohydrate Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department
of Chemistry and Alberta Innovates Centre
for Carbohydrate Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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341
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Varade D, Haraguchi K. Efficient approach for preparing gold nanoparticles in layered double hydroxide: synthesis, structure, and properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31993d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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342
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Marega R, Karmani L, Flamant L, Nageswaran PG, Valembois V, Masereel B, Feron O, Borght TV, Lucas S, Michiels C, Gallez B, Bonifazi D. Antibody-functionalized polymer-coated gold nanoparticles targeting cancer cells: an in vitro and in vivo study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33482h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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343
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Colombo M, Sommaruga S, Mazzucchelli S, Polito L, Verderio P, Galeffi P, Corsi F, Tortora P, Prosperi D. Site-Specific Conjugation of ScFvs Antibodies to Nanoparticles by Bioorthogonal Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Nitrone Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:496-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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344
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Site-Specific Conjugation of ScFvs Antibodies to Nanoparticles by Bioorthogonal Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Nitrone Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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345
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Thielbeer F, Chankeshwara SV, Bradley M. Polymerizable Fluorescein Derivatives: Synthesis of Fluorescent Particles and Their Cellular Uptake. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4386-91. [PMID: 22059964 DOI: 10.1021/bm201394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thielbeer
- University of Edinburgh,
School of Chemistry, King’s Buildings, Joseph Black Building,
West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sunay V. Chankeshwara
- University of Edinburgh,
School of Chemistry, King’s Buildings, Joseph Black Building,
West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- University of Edinburgh,
School of Chemistry, King’s Buildings, Joseph Black Building,
West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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346
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Jennings TL, Triulzi RC, Tao G, St. Louis ZE, Becker-Catania SG. Simplistic attachment and multispectral imaging with semiconductor nanocrystals. SENSORS 2011; 11:10557-70. [PMID: 22346658 PMCID: PMC3274300 DOI: 10.3390/s111110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in spectral deconvolution technologies are rapidly enabling researchers to replace or enhance traditional epifluorescence microscopes with instruments capable of detecting numerous markers simultaneously in a multiplexed fashion. While significantly expediting sample throughput and elucidating sample information, this technology is limited by the spectral width of common fluorescence reporters. Semiconductor nanocrystals (NC’s) are very bright, narrow band fluorescence emitters with great potential for multiplexed fluorescence detection, however the availability of NC’s with facile attachment chemistries to targeting molecules has been a severe limitation to the advancement of NC technology in applications such as immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Here we report the development of simple, yet novel attachment chemistries for antibodies onto NC’s and demonstrate how spectral deconvolution technology enables the multiplexed detection of 5 distinct NC-antibody conjugates with fluorescence emission wavelengths separated by as little as 20 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L. Jennings
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.L.J.); (S.G.B.-C.); Tel.: +858-784-5390 (T.L.J.)
| | | | | | | | - Sara G. Becker-Catania
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.L.J.); (S.G.B.-C.); Tel.: +858-784-5390 (T.L.J.)
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347
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Terbium to quantum dot FRET bioconjugates for clinical diagnostics: influence of human plasma on optical and assembly properties. SENSORS 2011; 11:9667-84. [PMID: 22163719 PMCID: PMC3231297 DOI: 10.3390/s111009667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from luminescent terbium complexes (LTC) as donors to semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as acceptors allows extraordinary large FRET efficiencies due to the long Förster distances afforded. Moreover, time-gated detection permits an efficient suppression of autofluorescent background leading to sub-picomolar detection limits even within multiplexed detection formats. These characteristics make FRET-systems with LTC and QDs excellent candidates for clinical diagnostics. So far, such proofs of principle for highly sensitive multiplexed biosensing have only been performed under optimized buffer conditions and interactions between real-life clinical media such as human serum or plasma and LTC-QD-FRET-systems have not yet been taken into account. Here we present an extensive spectroscopic analysis of absorption, excitation and emission spectra along with the luminescence decay times of both the single components as well as the assembled FRET-systems in TRIS-buffer, TRIS-buffer with 2% bovine serum albumin, and fresh human plasma. Moreover, we evaluated homogeneous LTC-QD FRET assays in QD conjugates assembled with either the well-known, specific biotin-streptavidin biological interaction or, alternatively, the metal-affinity coordination of histidine to zinc. In the case of conjugates assembled with biotin-streptavidin no significant interference with the optical and binding properties occurs whereas the histidine-zinc system appears to be affected by human plasma.
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348
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Algar WR, Susumu K, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Bioanalysis: Crossing the Valley of Death. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8826-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201331r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Russ Algar
- College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
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349
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Petryayeva E, Krull UJ. Localized surface plasmon resonance: nanostructures, bioassays and biosensing--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:8-24. [PMID: 21995909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is an optical phenomena generated by light when it interacts with conductive nanoparticles (NPs) that are smaller than the incident wavelength. As in surface plasmon resonance, the electric field of incident light can be deposited to collectively excite electrons of a conduction band, with the result being coherent localized plasmon oscillations with a resonant frequency that strongly depends on the composition, size, geometry, dielectric environment and separation distance of NPs. This review serves to describe the physical theory of LSPR formation at the surface of nanostructures, and the potential for this optical technology to serve as a basis for the development bioassays and biosensing of high sensitivity. The benefits and challenges associated with various experimental designs of nanoparticles and detection systems, as well as creative approaches that have been developed to improve sensitivity and limits of detection are highlighted using examples from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Petryayeva
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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350
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Optimizing two-color semiconductor nanocrystal immunoassays in single well microtiter plate formats. SENSORS 2011; 11:7879-91. [PMID: 22164051 PMCID: PMC3231742 DOI: 10.3390/s110807879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous detection of two analytes, chicken IgY (IgG) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), in the single well of a 96-well plate is demonstrated using luminescent semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystal (NC) tracers. The NC-labeled antibodies were prepared via sulfhydryl-reactive chemistry using a facile protocol that took <3 h. Dose response curves for each target were evaluated in a single immunoassay format and compared to Cy5, a fluorophore commonly used in fluorescent immunoassays, and found to be equivalent. Immunoassays were then performed in a duplex format, demonstrating multiplex detection in a single well with limits of detection equivalent to the single assay format: 9.8 ng/mL chicken IgG and 7.8 ng/mL SEB.
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