Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkenes through Allylic C–H Bond Activation

Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho trifluoromethylation of arenes and insights into the coordination mode of acidic amide directing groups

A Pd(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of ortho C-H bonds with an array of N-arylbenzamides derived from benzoic acids is reported. N-Methylformamide has been identified as a crucial promoter of C-CF(3) bond formation from the Pd center. X-ray characterization of the C-H insertion intermediate has revealed a rare coordination mode of acidic amides as directing groups and the origin of their capacity in directing C-H activation.

Highly enantioselective copper-catalyzed electrophilic trifluoromethylation of β-ketoesters

Enantioselective Cu-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of β-ketoesters using commercially available trifluoromethylating reagents is reported. A number of α-CF(3) β-ketoesters are obtained with up to 99% ee. The trifluoromethylated products were then transformed diastereoselectively to α-CF(3) β-hydroxyesters with two adjacent quaternary stereocenters via a Grignard reaction.

Iron(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of potassium vinyltrifluoroborates

An iron(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of potassium vinyltrifluoroborates has been developed. The reactions proceed under mild conditions and provide E /Z selectivities of > 95:5 for 2-aryl and -heteroarylvinyl substrates. Experimental observations suggest that the reaction does not proceed through a transmetallation of the RBF3K to the iron catalyst.

Copper-catalyzed di- and trifluoromethylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids: a protocol for vinylic fluoroalkylations

Dual action: the Lewis acid CuF(2) ⋅2 H(2)O efficiently catalyzes the reaction between electrophilic fluoroalkylating agents and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids by dually activating both reactants, thus affording di- and trifluoromethyl alkenes in high yields with excellent E/Z selectivity.

Recent advances in copper-catalyzed dehydrogenative functionalization via a single electron transfer (SET) process

Copper salts have been developed as versatile catalysts for oxidative coupling reactions in organic synthesis. During these processes, Cu-catalysts are often proposed to serve as a one-electron oxidant to promote the single-electron transfer process. Recently, the transition-metal catalyzed direct dehydrogenative transformation has attracted considerable attention. This tutorial review summarizes the recent advances in the copper-catalyzed dehydrogenative functionalization via a single electron transfer (SET) process achieving C-C, C-N, C-O, C-halogen atoms, C-P, and N-N bond formation.

Copper-catalyzed oxidative trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes and aryl boronic acids using (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane

Trifluoromethylated acetylenes and arenes are widely applicable in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In 2010, our group has reported the copper-mediated oxidative trifluomethylation of terminal alkynes and aryl boronic acids. This method allows a wide range of functional group tolerant trifluoromethylated acetylenes and arenes to be easily prepared. After the preliminary mechanistic studies of the oxidative trifluoromethylation of terminal alkyne, an efficient copper-catalyzed oxidative trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes and aryl boronic acids has been developed. The catalytic protocol is successfully achieved by adding both the substrate and a portion of CF(3)TMS slowly using a syringe pump to the reaction mixture.

Copper-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation using a hypervalent iodine reagent: an efficient allylic trifluoromethylation

An efficient copper-catalyzed allylic trifluoromethylation reaction has been developed. This reaction provides a general and straightforward way to synthesize allylic trifluoromethylated compounds under mild conditions.