301
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Doping-Promoted Solar Water Oxidation on Hematite Photoanodes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070868. [PMID: 27376262 PMCID: PMC6274439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most promising materials for solar water oxidation, hematite has attracted intense research interest for four decades. Despite their desirable optical band gap, stability and other attractive features, there are great challenges for the implementation of hematite-based photoelectrochemical cells. In particular, the extremely low electron mobility leads to severe energy loss by electron hole recombination. Elemental doping, i.e., replacing lattice iron with foreign atoms, has been shown to be a practical solution. Here we review the significant progresses in metal and non-metal element doping-promoted hematite solar water oxidation, focusing on the role of dopants in adjusting carrier density, charge collection efficiency and surface water oxidation kinetics. The advantages and salient features of the different doping categories are compared and discussed.
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302
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Li C, Wang T, Luo Z, Liu S, Gong J. Enhanced Charge Separation through ALD-Modified Fe2 O3 /Fe2 TiO5 Nanorod Heterojunction for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3415-3422. [PMID: 27197643 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematite suffers from poor charge transport and separation properties for solar water splitting. This paper describes the design and fabrication of a 3D Fe2 O3 /Fe2 TiO5 heterojunction photoanode with improved charge separation, via a facile hydrothermal method followed by atomic layer deposition and air annealing. A highly crystallized Fe2 TiO5 phase forms with a distinct interface with the underlying Fe2 O3 core, where a 4 nm Fe2 TiO5 overlayer leads to the best photoelectrochemical performance. The favorable band offset between Fe2 O3 and Fe2 TiO5 establishes a type-II heterojunction at the Fe2 O3 /Fe2 TiO5 interface, which drives electron-hole separation effectively. The Fe2 O3 /Fe2 TiO5 composite electrode exhibits a dramatically improved photocurrent of 1.63 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under simulated 1 sun illumination (100 mW cm(-2) ), which is 3.5 times that of the bare Fe2 O3 electrode. Decorating the Fe2 O3 /Fe2 TiO5 heterojunction photoanode with earth-abundant FeNiOx cocatalyst further expedites surface reaction kinetics, leading to an onset potential of 0.8 V versus RHE with a photocurrent of 2.7 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V and 4.6 mA cm(-2) at 1.6 V versus RHE. This sandwich photoanode shows an excellent stability for 5 h and achieves an overall Faradaic efficiency of 95% for O2 generation. This is the best performance ever reported for Fe2 O3 /Fe2 TiO5 photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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303
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304
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Malara F, Fabbri F, Marelli M, Naldoni A. Controlling the Surface Energetics and Kinetics of Hematite Photoanodes Through Few Atomic Layers of NiOx. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Malara
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Fabbri
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
- KET
Lab c/o Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Roma (RM), Italy
| | - Marcello Marelli
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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305
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Zhang Q, Lang J, Su J, Li X, Zhai H, Wang J, Yang J. CdS x Se 1− x nanowhiskers sensitized Nitrogen-doped TiO 2 : 3D-branched photoelectrode and its photoelectrochemical properties. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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306
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Beiler AM, Khusnutdinova D, Jacob SI, Moore GF. Solar Hydrogen Production Using Molecular Catalysts Immobilized on Gallium Phosphide (111)A and (111)B Polymer-Modified Photocathodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10038-47. [PMID: 26998554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the immobilization of hydrogen-producing cobaloxime catalysts onto p-type gallium phosphide (111)A and (111)B substrates via coordination to a surface-grafted polyvinylimidazole brush. Successful grafting of the polymeric interface and subsequent assembly of cobalt-containing catalysts are confirmed using grazing angle attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical testing in aqueous conditions at neutral pH shows that cobaloxime modification of either crystal face yields a similar enhancement of photoperformance, achieving a greater than 4-fold increase in current density and associated rates of hydrogen production as compared to results obtained using unfunctionalized electrodes tested under otherwise identical conditions. Under simulated solar illumination (100 mW cm(-2)), the catalyst-modified photocathodes achieve a current density ≈ 1 mA cm(-2) when polarized at 0 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode reference and show near-unity Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen production as determined by gas chromatography analysis of the headspace. This work illustrates the modularity and versatility of the catalyst-polymer-semiconductor approach for directly coupling light harvesting to fuel production and the ability to export this chemistry across distinct crystal face orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Beiler
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Diana Khusnutdinova
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Samuel I Jacob
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gary F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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307
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Nellist MR, Laskowski FAL, Lin F, Mills TJ, Boettcher SW. Semiconductor-Electrocatalyst Interfaces: Theory, Experiment, and Applications in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:733-40. [PMID: 27035051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light-absorbing semiconductor electrodes coated with electrocatalysts are key components of photoelectrochemical energy conversion and storage systems. Efforts to optimize these systems have been slowed by an inadequate understanding of the semiconductor-electrocatalyst (sem|cat) interface. The sem|cat interface is important because it separates and collects photoexcited charge carriers from the semiconductor. The photovoltage generated by the interface drives "uphill" photochemical reactions, such as water splitting to form hydrogen fuel. Here we describe efforts to understand the microscopic processes and materials parameters governing interfacial electron transfer between light-absorbing semiconductors, electrocatalysts, and solution. We highlight the properties of transition-metal oxyhydroxide electrocatalysts, such as Ni(Fe)OOH, because they are the fastest oxygen-evolution catalysts known in alkaline media and are (typically) permeable to electrolyte. We describe the physics that govern the charge-transfer kinetics for different interface types, and show how numerical simulations can explain the response of composite systems. Emphasis is placed on "limiting" behavior. Electrocatalysts that are permeable to electrolyte form "adaptive" junctions where the interface energetics change during operation as charge accumulates in the catalyst, but is screened locally by electrolyte ions. Electrocatalysts that are dense, and thus impermeable to electrolyte, form buried junctions where the interface physics are unchanged during operation. Experiments to directly measure the interface behavior and test the theory/simulations are challenging because conventional photoelectrochemical techniques do not measure the electrocatalyst potential during operation. We developed dual-working-electrode (DWE) photoelectrochemistry to address this limitation. A second electrode is attached to the catalyst layer to sense or control current/voltage independent from that of the semiconductor back ohmic contact. Consistent with simulations, electrolyte-permeable, redox-active catalysts such as Ni(Fe)OOH form "adaptive" junctions where the effective barrier height for electron exchange depends on the potential of the catalyst. This is in contrast to sem|cat interfaces with dense electrolyte-impermeable catalysts, such as nanocrystalline IrOx, that behave like solid-state buried (Schottky-like) junctions. These results elucidate a design principle for catalyzed photoelectrodes. The buried heterojunctions formed by dense catalysts are often limited by Fermi-level pinning and low photovoltages. Catalysts deposited by "soft" methods, such as electrodeposition, form adaptive junctions that tend to provide larger photovoltages and efficiencies. We also preview efforts to improve theory/simulations to account for the presence of surface states and discuss the prospect of carrier-selective catalyst contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Nellist
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Forrest A. L. Laskowski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Fuding Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Thomas J. Mills
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Shannon W. Boettcher
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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308
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Iandolo B, Wickman B, Svensson E, Paulsson D, Hellman A. Tailoring Charge Recombination in Photoelectrodes Using Oxide Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2381-2386. [PMID: 26978576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing semiconductor devices for solar energy conversion requires an explicit control of the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Here we show how the recombination of charge carriers can be controlled in semiconductor thin films by surface patterning with oxide nanodisks. The control mechanism relies on the formation of dipole-like electric fields at the interface that, depending on the field direction, attract or repel minority carriers from underneath the disks. The charge recombination rate can be controlled through the choice of oxide material and the surface coverage of nanodisks. We provide proof-of-principle demonstration of this approach by patterning the surface of Fe2O3, one of the most studied semiconductors for light-driven water splitting, with TiO2 and Cu2O nanodisks. We expect this method to be generally applicable to a range of semiconductor-based solar energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Iandolo
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Björn Wickman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elin Svensson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Paulsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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309
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Doan HQ, Pollock KL, Cuk T. Transient optical diffraction of GaN/aqueous interfaces: Interfacial carrier mobility dependence on surface reactivity. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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310
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Amano F, Ohtani B, Yoshida H. Role of doped titanium species in the enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of iron oxide films: Comparison between water oxidation and iodide ion oxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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311
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Ulman K, Nguyen MT, Seriani N, Gebauer R. Passivation of surface states of α-Fe2O3(0001) surface by deposition of Ga2O3 overlayers: A density functional theory study. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:094701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4942655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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312
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. Pivotal Role and Regulation of Proton Transfer in Water Oxidation on Hematite Photoanodes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2705-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongwei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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313
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Ji M, Cai J, Ma Y, Qi L. Controlled Growth of Ferrihydrite Branched Nanosheet Arrays and Their Transformation to Hematite Nanosheet Arrays for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3651-3660. [PMID: 26517010 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The morphology engineering represents an alternative route toward efficient hematite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting without changing the chemical composition. In this work, a facile and mild solvothermal synthesis of unique ferrihydrite branched nanosheet arrays vertically aligned on FTO substrate was achieved at around 100 °C. The hierarchical branched ferrihydrite nanosheet arrays consisted of tiny branches up to 40 nm in length grown almost vertically on stem nanosheets ∼10 nm in thickness. Moreover, the variation of the morphology of the ferrihydrite nanostructures from bare nanosheet arrays through branched nanosheet arrays to dense branched structures can be readily achieved through the regulation of the reaction time and temperature. The obtained ferrihydrite branched nanosheet arrays can be in situ transformed into α-Fe2O3 nanosheet arrays with small surface protrusions upon annealing at 550 °C. After a simple postgrowth Ti-doping process, the resulting Ti-doped α-Fe2O3 nanosheet arrays showed a good PEC performance for water splitting with a photocurrent density of 1.79 mA/cm(2) at 1.6 V vs RHE under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm(2)). In contrast, the Ti-doped irregular aggregates of the α-Fe2O3 nanograins transformed from dense ferrihydrite branched structures exhibited a much lower photocurrent density (0.41 mA/cm(2) at 1.6 V vs RHE), demonstrating the important influence of the morphology of α-Fe2O3 photoanodes on the PEC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinguang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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314
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Zhang B, Zhang X, Xiao X, Shen Y. Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting System--A Study of Interfacial Charge Transfer with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1606-1614. [PMID: 26720831 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fast charge transfer kinetics at the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface is critical for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting system. Thus, far, a measurement of kinetics constants for such processes is limited. In this study, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is employed to investigate the charge transfer kinetics at the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface in the feedback mode in order to simulate the oxygen evolution process in PEC system. The popular photocatalysts BiVO4 and Mo doped BiVO4 (labeled as Mo:BiVO4) are selected as photoanodes and the common redox couple [Fe(CN)6](3-)/[Fe(CN)6](4-) as molecular probe. SECM characterization can directly reveal the surface catalytic reaction kinetics constant of 9.30 × 10(7) mol(-1) cm(3) s(-1) for the BiVO4. Furthermore, we find that after excitation, the ratio of rate constant for photogenerated hole to electron via Mo:BiVO4 reacting with mediator at the electrode/electrolyte interface is about 30 times larger than that of BiVO4. This suggests that introduction of Mo(6+) ion into BiVO4 can possibly facilitate solar to oxygen evolution (hole involved process) and suppress the interfacial back reaction (electron involved process) at photoanode/electrolyte interface. Therefore, the SECM measurement allows us to make a comprehensive analysis of interfacial charge transfer kinetics in PEC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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315
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Chen X, Chen F, Liu F, Yan X, Hu W, Zhang G, Tian L, Xia Q, Chen X. Ag nanoparticles/hematite mesocrystals superstructure composite: a facile synthesis and enhanced heterogeneous photo-Fenton activity. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of the unique superstructure and the Ag loading resulted in the effective separation of charge carriers and excellent photo-Fenton performance of Ag/hematite mesocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Fangge Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Kansas City
- Kansas City
- USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Ganbing Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organochemical Materials
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Applications of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- PR China
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri-Kansas City
- Kansas City
- USA
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316
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Lang D, Cheng F, Xiang Q. Enhancement of photocatalytic H2 production activity of CdS nanorods by cobalt-based cocatalyst modification. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00753h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The excellent photocatalytic H2 production activity of Co3O4–CdS nanocomposite was mainly attributed to the formation of p–n heterojunctions between the p-type Co3O4 nanoclusters and n-type CdS nanorods, which could promote the photoinduced charge transfer and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lang
- College of Resources and Environment
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Feiyue Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- College of Resources and Environment
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan
- PR China
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317
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Wang Z, Fan F, Wang S, Ding C, Zhao Y, Li C. Bridging surface states and current–potential response over hematite-based photoelectrochemical water oxidation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18123f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between surface states and the photoresponse on a hematite photoanode unraveled in electrochemical way indicates that the distribution of surface states determines the current–potential curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Shengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Chunmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Yongle Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- Dalian
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318
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Shinde PS, Choi SH, Kim Y, Ryu J, Jang JS. Onset potential behavior in α-Fe2O3photoanodes: the influence of surface and diffusion Sn doping on the surface states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2495-509. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06669g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor density and surface states of Fe2O3viaSn doping control the water oxidation and onset potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin S. Shinde
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environmental and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan 570-752
| | - Sun Hee Choi
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsam Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)
- Pohang 790-784
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Ryu
- Mineral Resources Research Division
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
- Daejeon 305-350
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jum Suk Jang
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environmental and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan 570-752
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319
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Iqbal A, Hossain MS, Bevan KH. The role of relative rate constants in determining surface state phenomena at semiconductor–liquid interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29466-29477. [PMID: 27738683 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical determination of surface state occupation statistics in semiconductor–liquid junctions to capture the non-trivial trends generally observed in the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Materials Engineering
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | | | - Kirk H. Bevan
- Materials Engineering
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
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320
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Li M, Luo W, Yang L, Zhao X, Zou Z. Charge Carrier Transfer in Ta3N5 Photoanodes Prepared by Different Methods for Solar Water Splitting. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The preparation method of a photoanode can affect its water splitting property. Here, as examples, we prepared Ta3N5 photoanodes by an electrophoresis deposition (EPD) method and an oxidation and nitridation of Ta foil (ONTF) method. The light harvest, interfacial charge transfer, and charge separation of the two Ta3N5 photoanodes were analysed to gain insight into the role of the preparation method on the water splitting property. The results suggested that the ONTF-prepared Ta3N5 showed a higher solar energy conversion efficiency, arising from its better interfacial charge transfer efficiency and higher charge separation efficiency. The higher charge separation efficiency was mainly attributed to good electron transfer, and the inter-particle connectivity was key for the electron transfer in the photoanodes. Especially, the dense, small particle structure of ONTF-prepared Ta3N5 was beneficial for increasing the connectivity between inter-particles. This comparison of preparation methods can be used as a reference for future photoanode preparation to improve the water splitting property of photoelectrochemical cells.
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321
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Chemelewski WD, Mabayoje O, Tang D, Rettie AJE, Buddie Mullins C. Bandgap engineering of Fe2O3 with Cr – application to photoelectrochemical oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1644-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reported decrease in the photoconductive (PC) bandgap of Fe2O3 with Cr doping is investigated for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ding Tang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Alexander J. E. Rettie
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - C. Buddie Mullins
- Texas Materials Institute
- University of Texas at Austin
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at Austin
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322
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Morais A, Longo C, Araujo JR, Barroso M, Durrant JR, Nogueira AF. Nanocrystalline anatase TiO2/reduced graphene oxide composite films as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting studies: the role of reduced graphene oxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2608-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06707c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic of a photoelectrochemical cell using TiO2/RGO film as the photoanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Morais
- Chemistry Institute
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Claudia Longo
- Chemistry Institute
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Joyce R. Araujo
- National Institute of Metrology
- Quality and Technology
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Monica Barroso
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CJ Utrecht
- Netherlands
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323
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Li T, He J, Peña B, Berlinguette CP. Curing BiVO4
Photoanodes with Ultraviolet Light Enhances Photoelectrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1769-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Jingfu He
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Bruno Peña
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Curtis P. Berlinguette
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
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324
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Singh A, Fekete M, Gengenbach T, Simonov AN, Hocking RK, Chang SLY, Rothmann M, Powar S, Fu D, Hu Z, Wu Q, Cheng YB, Bach U, Spiccia L. Catalytic Activity and Impedance Behavior of Screen-Printed Nickel Oxide as Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:4266-4274. [PMID: 26617200 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report that films screen printed from nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and microballs are efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation under near-neutral and alkaline conditions. Investigations of the composition and structure of the screen-printed films by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the material was present as the cubic NiO phase. Comparison of the catalytic activity of the microball films to that of films fabricated by using NiO nanoparticles, under similar experimental conditions, revealed that the microball films outperform nanoparticle films of similar thickness owing to a more porous structure and higher surface area. A thinner, less-resistive NiO nanoparticle film, however, was found to have higher activity per Ni atom. Anodization in borate buffer significantly improved the activity of all three films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that during anodization, a mixed nickel oxyhydroxide phase formed on the surface of all films, which could account for the improved activity. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that surface traps contribute significantly to the resistance of the NiO films. On anodization, the trap state resistance of all films was reduced, which led to significant improvements in activity. In 1.00 m NaOH, both the microball and nanoparticle films exhibit high long-term stability and produce a stable current density of approximately 30 mA cm(-2) at 600 mV overpotential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Advanced Materials and Processing Research Institute, CSIR, Bhopal, India.
| | - Monika Fekete
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Alexandr N Simonov
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Rosalie K Hocking
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Shery L Y Chang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mathias Rothmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Satvasheel Powar
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Dongchuan Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Udo Bach
- Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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325
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Li T, He J, Peña B, Berlinguette CP. Curing BiVO4
Photoanodes with Ultraviolet Light Enhances Photoelectrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Jingfu He
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Bruno Peña
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
| | - Curtis P. Berlinguette
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T1Z1 Canada
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326
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Ueno K, Oshikiri T, Misawa H. Plasmon-Induced Water Splitting Using Metallic-Nanoparticle-Loaded Photocatalysts and Photoelectrodes. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:199-215. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Ueno
- Research Institute for Electronic Science; Hokkaido University; N21, W10, Kita-ku 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Tomoya Oshikiri
- Research Institute for Electronic Science; Hokkaido University; N21, W10, Kita-ku 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science; Hokkaido University; N21, W10, Kita-ku 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Institute of Molecular Science; National Chiao Tung University; 1001 Ta Hsueh R. Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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327
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Ahmed MG, Kretschmer IE, Kandiel TA, Ahmed AY, Rashwan FA, Bahnemann DW. A Facile Surface Passivation of Hematite Photoanodes with TiO2 Overlayers for Efficient Solar Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24053-62. [PMID: 26488924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The surface modification of semiconductor photoelectrodes with passivation overlayers has recently attracted great attention as an effective strategy to improve the charge-separation and charge-transfer processes across semiconductor-liquid interfaces. It is usually carried out by employing the sophisticated atomic layer deposition technique, which relies on reactive and expensive metalorganic compounds and vacuum processing, both of which are significant obstacles toward large-scale applications. In this paper, a facile water-based solution method has been developed for the modification of nanostructured hematite photoanode with TiO2 overlayers using a water-soluble titanium complex (i.e., titanium bis(ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, TALH). The thus-fabricated nanostructured hematite photoanodes have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicated that a nanostructured hematite photoanodes modified with a TiO2 overlayer exhibited a photocurrent response ca. 4.5 times higher (i.e., 1.2 mA cm(-2) vs RHE) than that obtained on the bare hematite photoanode (i.e., 0.27 mA cm(-2) vs RHE) measured under standard illumination conditions. Moreover, a cathodic shift of ca. 190 mV in the water oxidation onset potential was achieved. These results are discussed and explored on the basis of steady-state polarization, transient photocurrent response, open-circuit potential, intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy measurements. It is concluded that the TiO2 overlayer passivates the surface states and suppresses the surface electron-hole recombination, thus increasing the generated photovoltage and the band bending. The present method for the hematite electrode modification with a TiO2 overlayer is effective and simple and might find broad applications in the development of stable and high-performance photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Imme E Kretschmer
- Photocatalysis and Nanotechnology Research Unit, Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tarek A Kandiel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Amira Y Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Farouk A Rashwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University , Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Detlef W Bahnemann
- Photocatalysis and Nanotechnology Research Unit, Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory for Nanocomposite Materials, Department of Photonics, Faculty of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University , Ulianovskaia street 3, Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
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328
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Chang J, Xiao Y, Xiao M, Ge J, Liu C, Xing W. Surface Oxidized Cobalt-Phosphide Nanorods As an Advanced Oxygen Evolution Catalyst in Alkaline Solution. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfa Chang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Ge
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Changpeng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources,
Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
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329
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Shinde PS, Lee HH, Lee SY, Lee YM, Jang JS. PRED treatment mediated stable and efficient water oxidation performance of the Fe2O3 nano-coral structure. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14906-14913. [PMID: 26300305 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that an electrochemical surface treatment of Fe foil with simple pulse reverse electrodeposition (PRED) prior to thermal oxidation can substantially enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) stability and water splitting performance of Fe2O3/Fe photoanodes. Comprehensive structural (XRD, FESEM, and HRTEM), compositional (XPS depth profiling), and electrochemical (EIS and Mott-Schottky) analyses were performed to understand the effect of PRED treatment on the PEC performance of fabricated photoanodes. It is revealed that air-exposed Fe foil is prone to formation of a loosely bound surface oxide layer that, upon annealing at 800 °C, results in an unstable Fe2O3 nano-flake (2-3 μm long) morphology. In contrast, when such Fe foil is pre-treated with PRED to etch the loosely bound oxide layer, adherent inverse-opal-like nano-coral structures (60-100 nm thin) are formed. In addition to stability improvement, PRED-treatment also assists in exposing the photocatalytically active high index [104] facet sites of hematite. Thin hematite nano-coral structures with high index [104] facet sites significantly improved the separation of photo-generated charge carriers and oxygen evolution kinetics, resulting in performance enhancement with excellent photocurrent stability for extended duration in a 1 M NaOH solution under one sun illumination. The net photocurrent density for nano-coral morphology was 0.813 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is the highest reported value for pristine hematite photoanodes fabricated from Fe foil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin S Shinde
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environmental and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 570-752, Republic of Korea.
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330
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Li X, Bassi PS, Boix PP, Fang Y, Wong LH. Revealing the Role of TiO2 Surface Treatment of Hematite Nanorods Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16960-6. [PMID: 26192330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin TiO2 is deposited on conventional hydrothermal grown hematite nanorod arrays by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Significant photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance improvement is observed when the ALD TiO2-treated samples are annealed at 650 °C or higher temperatures. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study shows a surface trap-mediated charge transfer process exists at the hematite-electrolyte interface. Thus, one possible reason for the improvement could be the increased surface states at the hematite surface, which leads to better charge separation, less electron-hole recombination, and hence, greater improvement of photocurrent. Our Raman study shows the increase in surface defects on the ALD TiO2-coated hematite sample after being annealed at 650 °C or higher temperatures. A photocurrent of 1.9 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V (vs RHE) with a maximum of 2.5 mA cm(-2) at 1.8 V (vs RHE) in 1 M NaOH under AM 1.5 simulated solar illumination is achieved in optimized deposition and annealing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Li
- †Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, Singapore 637553
| | - Prince Saurabh Bassi
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Pablo P Boix
- †Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, Singapore 637553
| | - Yanan Fang
- †Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, Singapore 637553
| | - Lydia Helena Wong
- †Energy Research Institute @ NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, Singapore 637553
- ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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331
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Xu YF, Rao HS, Chen BX, Lin Y, Chen HY, Kuang DB, Su CY. Achieving Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a TiCl 4 Treated 3D Antimony-Doped SnO 2 Macropore/Branched α-Fe 2O 3 Nanorod Heterojunction Photoanode. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500049. [PMID: 27980959 PMCID: PMC5115430 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells to directly collecting solar energy into chemical fuels (e.g., H2 via water splitting) is a promising way to tackle the energy challenge. α-Fe2O3 has emerged as a desirable photoanode material in a PEC cell due to its wide spectrum absorption range, chemical stability, and earth abundant component. However, the short excited state lifetime, poor minority charge carrier mobility, and long light penetration depth hamper its application. Recently, the elegantly designed hierarchical macroporous composite nanomaterial has emerged as a strong candidate for photoelectrical applications. Here, a novel 3D antimony-doped SnO2 (ATO) macroporous structure is demonstrated as a transparent conducting scaffold to load 1D hematite nanorod to form a composite material for efficient PEC water splitting. An enormous enhancement in PEC performance is found in the 3D electrode compared to the controlled planar one, due to the outstanding light harvesting and charge transport. A facile and simple TiCl4 treatment further introduces the Ti doping into the hematite while simultaneously forming a passivation layer to eliminate adverse reactions. The results indicate that the structural design and nanoengineering are an effective strategy to boost the PEC performance in order to bring more potential devices into practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Fan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Hua-Shang Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Bai-Xue Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Dai-Bin Kuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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332
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Wang D, Chen H, Chang G, Lin X, Zhang Y, Aldalbahi A, Peng C, Wang J, Fan C. Uniform Doping of Titanium in Hematite Nanorods for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14072-8. [PMID: 26052922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Doping elements in hematite nanostructures is a promising approach to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of hematite photoanodes. However, uniform doping with precise control on doping amount and morphology is the major challenge for quantitatively investigating the PEC water-splitting enhancement. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of uniform titanium (Ti)-doped hematite nanorods with precise control of the Ti amount and morphology for highly effective PEC water splitting using an atomic layer deposition assisted solid-state diffusion method. We found that Ti doping promoted band bending and increased the carrier density as well as the surface state. Remarkably, these uniformly doped hematite nanorods exhibited high PEC performance with a pronounced photocurrent density of 2.28 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and 4.18 mA/cm(2) at 1.70 V vs RHE, respectively. Furthermore, as-prepared Ti-doping hematite nanorods performed excellent repeatability and durability; over 80% of the as-fabricated photoanodes reproduced the steady photocurrent density of 1.9-2.2 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE at least 3 h in a strong alkaline electrolyte solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Huaican Chen
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guoliang Chang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- ‡Chemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cheng Peng
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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333
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Kim JY, Youn DH, Kim JH, Kim HG, Lee JS. Nanostructure-Preserved Hematite Thin Film for Efficient Solar Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14123-14129. [PMID: 26046296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature annealing above 700 °C improves the activity of photoelectrochemical water oxidation by hematite photoanodes by increasing its crystallinity. Yet, it brings severe agglomeration of nanostructured hematite thin films and deteriorates electrical conductivity of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate. We report here that the nanostructure of the hematite and the conductivity of TCO could be preserved, while the high crystallinity is attained, by hybrid microwave annealing (HMA) utilizing a graphite susceptor for efficient microwave absorption. Thus, the hematite thin-film photoanodes treated by HMA record 2 times higher water oxidation photocurrents compared to a conventional thermal-annealed photoanode. The enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of a smaller feature size of nanostructure-preserved hematite and a good electrical conductivity of TCO. The method could be generally applied to the fabrication of efficient photoelectrodes with small feature sizes and high crystallinity, which have been mutually conflicting requirements with conventional thermal annealing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- †Division of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Hyun Youn
- †Division of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hun Kim
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Kim
- §Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- †Division of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
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334
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Chang X, Wang T, Zhang P, Zhang J, Li A, Gong J. Enhanced Surface Reaction Kinetics and Charge Separation of p–n Heterojunction Co3O4/BiVO4 Photoanodes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8356-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chang
- Key Laboratory for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green
Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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335
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Imani R, Pazoki M, Tiwari A, Boschloo G, Turner APF, Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A. Band edge engineering of TiO2@DNA nanohybrids and implications for capacitive energy storage devices. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10438-10448. [PMID: 26001096 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel mesoporous TiO2@DNA nanohybrid electrodes, combining covalently encoded DNA with mesoporous TiO2 microbeads using dopamine as a linker, were prepared and characterised for application in supercapacitors. Detailed information about donor density, charge transfer resistance and chemical capacitance, which have an important role in the performance of an electrochemical device, were studied by electrochemical methods. The results indicated the improvement of electrochemical performance of the TiO2 nanohybrid electrode by DNA surface functionalisation. A supercapacitor was constructed from TiO2@DNA nanohybrids with PBS as the electrolyte. From the supercapacitor experiment, it was found that the addition of DNA played an important role in improving the specific capacitance (Cs) of the TiO2 supercapacitor. The highest Cs value of 8 F g(-1) was observed for TiO2@DNA nanohybrids. The nanohybrid electrodes were shown to be stable over long-term cycling, retaining 95% of their initial specific capacitance after 1500 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Imani
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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336
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Le Formal F, Pastor E, Tilley SD, Mesa CA, Pendlebury SR, Grätzel M, Durrant JR. Rate law analysis of water oxidation on a hematite surface. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6629-37. [PMID: 25936408 PMCID: PMC4448182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Water oxidation is a key chemical
reaction, central to both biological
photosynthesis and artificial solar fuel synthesis strategies. Despite
recent progress on the structure of the natural catalytic site, and
on inorganic catalyst function, determining the mechanistic details
of this multiredox reaction remains a significant challenge. We report
herein a rate law analysis of the order of water oxidation as a function
of surface hole density on a hematite photoanode employing photoinduced
absorption spectroscopy. Our study reveals a transition from a slow,
first order reaction at low accumulated hole density to a faster,
third order mechanism once the surface hole density is sufficient
to enable the oxidation of nearest neighbor metal atoms. This study
thus provides direct evidence for the multihole catalysis of water
oxidation by hematite, and demonstrates the hole accumulation level
required to achieve this, leading to key insights both for reaction
mechanism and strategies to enhance function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Le Formal
- †Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest Pastor
- †Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S David Tilley
- ‡Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilo A Mesa
- †Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie R Pendlebury
- †Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grätzel
- ‡Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James R Durrant
- †Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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337
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Moir J, Soheilnia N, Liao K, O'Brien P, Tian Y, Burch KS, Ozin GA. Activation of Ultrathin Films of Hematite for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting via H2 Treatment. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:1557-1567. [PMID: 25650837 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of ultrathin films of hematite (α-Fe2 O3 ) under an atmosphere of 5 % H2 in Ar is presented as a means of activating α-Fe2 O3 towards the photoelectrochemical splitting of water. Spin-coated films annealed in air exhibited no photoactivity, whereas films treated in hydrogen exhibited a photocurrent response. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy results showed that the H2 -treated films contain oxygen vacancies, which suggests improved charge transport. However, Tafel slopes, scan-rate dependent measurements, and kinetic analyses performed by using H2 O2 as a hole scavenger suggested that surface modification may also contribute to their induced photoactivity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results revealed the buildup of a surface trap capacitance at the point of photocurrent onset for the hydrogen-treated films under illumination. A decrease in charge trapping resistance was also observed, which suggests improved transport of charges away from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Moir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Navid Soheilnia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Kristine Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Paul O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Yao Tian
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7 (Canada)
| | - Kenneth S Burch
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3804 (USA)
| | - Geoffrey A Ozin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 (Canada).
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338
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Shimizu K, Nyström J, Geladi P, Lindholm-Sethson B, Boily JF. Electrolyte ion adsorption and charge blocking effect at the hematite/aqueous solution interface: an electrochemical impedance study using multivariate data analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:11560-8. [PMID: 25857599 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A model-free multivariate analysis using singular value decomposition is employed to refine an equivalent electrical circuit model in order to probe the electrochemical properties of the hematite/water interface in dilute NaCl and NH4Cl solutions using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The result shows that the surface protonation is directly related to the mobility and trapping of charge carriers at the mineral surface. Moreover, the point of zero charge can be found at pH where the charge transfer resistance is the highest, in addition to the minimum double layer capacitance. The inner-sphere interaction of the NH4(+) ion with the surface is indicated by an increase of capacitance for charge carrier trapping from the protonated surface as well as lower double layer capacitance and open circuit potential. It is clear that the intrinsic electrochemical activity of hematite depends on the degree of surface (de)protonation and other inner-sphere adsorption, as these processes affect the charge carrier density in the surface state. This work also highlights an important synergistic effect of the two spectral analyses that enables EIS to be utilized in an in-depth investigation of mineral/water interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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339
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Chen Y, Tran PD, Boix P, Ren Y, Chiam SY, Li Z, Fu K, Wong LH, Barber J. Silicon decorated with amorphous cobalt molybdenum sulfide catalyst as an efficient photocathode for solar hydrogen generation. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3829-3836. [PMID: 25801437 DOI: 10.1021/nn506819m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The construction of viable photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices for solar-driven water splitting can be achieved by first identifying an efficient independent photoanode for water oxidation and a photocathode for hydrogen generation. These two photoelectrodes then must be assembled with a proton exchange membrane within a complete coupled system. Here we report the preparation of a Si/a-CoMoSx hybrid photocathode which shows impressive performance (onset potential of 0.25 V vs RHE and photocurrent jsc of 17.5 mA cm(-2) at 0 V vs RHE) in pH 4.25 phosphate solution and under simulated AM 1.5 solar illumination. This performance is among the best reported for Si photocathodes decorated with noble-metal-free catalysts. The electrode preparation is scalable because it relies on a photoassisted electrodeposition process employing an available p-type Si electrode and [Co(MoS4)2](2-) precursor. Investigation of the mechanism of the Si/a-CoMoSx electrode revealed that under conditions of H2 photogeneration this bimetallic sulfide catalyst is highly efficient in extracting electrons from illuminated Si and subsequently in reducing protons into H2. The Si/a-CoMoSx photocathode is functional over a wide range of pH values, thus making it a promising candidate for the construction of a complete solar-driven water splitting PEC device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- †Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
- ‡Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Phong D Tran
- †Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
- ‡Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Pablo Boix
- †Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Yi Ren
- §Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Sing Yang Chiam
- §Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Zhen Li
- †Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Kunwu Fu
- †Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Lydia H Wong
- ‡Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - James Barber
- ‡Solar Fuels Laboratory, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
- ∥Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, U.K
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340
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Klahr B, Gimenez S, Zandi O, Fabregat-Santiago F, Hamann T. Competitive photoelectrochemical methanol and water oxidation with hematite electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7653-7660. [PMID: 25804788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water and methanol oxidation were studied at thin film hematite electrodes synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Systematic photoelectrochemical characterization along with O2 evolution measurements were carried out in order to better understand the mechanisms of both water and methanol oxidation at hematite electrodes. When both water and methanol are present in the solution, they are oxidized competitively with each other, allowing the detection and assignment of distinct surface states characteristic to each process. The measurement of different surface states for methanol and water oxidation, along with the absence of measurable surface states in an inert acetonitrile electrolyte, clearly shows that the detected surface states are chemically distinct reaction intermediates of water or methanol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klahr
- §Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sixto Gimenez
- †Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Omid Zandi
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Francisco Fabregat-Santiago
- †Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Thomas Hamann
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
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341
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May KJ, Fenning DP, Ming T, Hong WT, Lee D, Stoerzinger KA, Biegalski MD, Kolpak AM, Shao-Horn Y. Thickness-Dependent Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting on Ultrathin LaFeO3 Films Grown on Nb:SrTiO3. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:977-985. [PMID: 26262856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The performance of photoelectrodes can be modified by changing the material chemistry, geometry, and interface engineering. Specifically, nanoscale active layers can facilitate the collection of charge carriers. In heterostructure devices, the multiple material interfaces are particularly important, which at present are not well understood for oxides. Here, we report a detailed study of ultrathin (2-25 nm) LaFeO3 films grown epitaxially on Nb-doped SrTiO3. The films exhibit thickness-dependence with sensitivity to less than 10 nm in both the through-plane charge transfer conductivity and in the potential-dependent photoresponse. Supplementing photoelectrochemical measurements with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we construct a band model that accounts for this thickness dependence via a shifting valence-band offset at the film-substrate interface and the potential-dependent overlap of the depletion regions present at both the film-substrate and film-electrolyte interfaces. These results illustrate the utility of using active layer thickness and film-substrate interactions to tune the performance of photoelectrodes, providing insight for the design of efficient heterostructure oxide photoelectrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael D Biegalski
- ∥Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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342
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Wang L, Zhou X, Nguyen NT, Schmuki P. Plasmon-enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting using au nanoparticles decorated on hematite nanoflake arrays. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:618-22. [PMID: 25581403 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematite nanoflake arrays were decorated with Au nanoparticles through a simple solution chemistry approach. We show that the photoactivity of Au-decorated Fe2 O3 electrodes for photoelectrochemical water oxidation can be effectively enhanced in the UV/Visible region compared with the bare Fe2 O3 . Au-nanoparticle-decorated Fe2 O3 nanoflake electrodes exhibit a significant cathodic shift of the onset potential up to 0.6 V [vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)], and a two times increase in the water oxidation photocurrent is achieved at 1.23 VRHE . A maximum photocurrent of 2.0 mA cm(-2) at 1.6 VRHE is obtained in 1 M KOH under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm(-2) ) conditions. The enhancement in photocurrent can be attributed to the Au nanoparticles acting as plasmonic photosensitizers that increase the optical absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen (Germany)
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343
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Chen C, Shi T, Chang W, Zhao J. Essential Roles of Proton Transfer in Photocatalytic Redox Reactions. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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344
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Wang T, Hung HT, Wang W, Li PC, Hsieh YK, Dong Y, Wang CF. Application of surface complexation modeling on modification of hematite surface with cobalt cocatalysts: a potential tool for preparing homogeneously distributed catalysts. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge to synthesize homogeneously distributed catalysts on the support is rather identical to understand the interactions between pollutants and adsorbents in the environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- TsingHai Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Environment Sciences
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Hung
- Biomedical Engineering and Environment Sciences
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- PR China
| | - Po-Chieh Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kong Hsieh
- Biomedical Engineering and Environment Sciences
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Yingchao Dong
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Chu-Fang Wang
- Biomedical Engineering and Environment Sciences
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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345
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Khan S, Zapata MJM, Pereira MB, Gonçalves RV, Strizik L, Dupont J, Santos MJL, Teixeira SR. Structural, optical and photoelectrochemical characterizations of monoclinic Ta3N5 thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23952-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03645c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoclinic Ta3N5 thin films were synthesized by thermal nitridation of directly sputtered Ta2O5 films. The dielectric constant of Ta3N5 film was found to be in between 7–9 and its band structure has shown a strong dependence on the pH of the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherdil Khan
- Institute of Physics
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- POA-RS
- Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo B. Pereira
- Institute of Physics
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- POA-RS
- Brazil
| | - Renato V. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos 13560–970
- Brazil
| | - Lukas Strizik
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice
- Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Sérgio R. Teixeira
- Institute of Physics
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
- POA-RS
- Brazil
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346
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Xu Y, Huang S, Xie M, Li Y, Xu H, Huang L, Zhang Q, Li H. Magnetically separable Fe2O3/g-C3N4 catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18009k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composites possess enhanced photoactivity and can be magnetically separated after photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanguo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- PR China
| | - Shuquan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- PR China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- PR China
| | - Yeping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- PR China
| | - Liying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry
- Hainan University
- Haikou
- P.R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Pharmacy
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- PR China
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347
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Iandolo B, Zhang H, Wickman B, Zorić I, Conibeer G, Hellman A. Correlating flat band and onset potentials for solar water splitting on model hematite photoanodes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing oxidation time during fabrication of hematite (Fe2O3) films reduces the amount of grain boundaries, resulting in lower flat band potential and onset potential for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Iandolo
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Haixiang Zhang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Björn Wickman
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Igor Zorić
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Gavin Conibeer
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Anders Hellman
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
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348
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Chan CK, Tüysüz H, Braun A, Ranjan C, La Mantia F, Miller BK, Zhang L, Crozier PA, Haber JA, Gregoire JM, Park HS, Batchellor AS, Trotochaud L, Boettcher SW. Advanced and In Situ Analytical Methods for Solar Fuel Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 371:253-324. [PMID: 26267386 DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In situ and operando techniques can play important roles in the development of better performing photoelectrodes, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts by helping to elucidate crucial intermediates and mechanistic steps. The development of high throughput screening methods has also accelerated the evaluation of relevant photoelectrochemical and electrochemical properties for new solar fuel materials. In this chapter, several in situ and high throughput characterization tools are discussed in detail along with their impact on our understanding of solar fuel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace K Chan
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Artur Braun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Chinmoy Ranjan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Semiconductor and Energy Conversion - Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Benjamin K Miller
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Liuxian Zhang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Peter A Crozier
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - Joel A Haber
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 9112, USA
| | - John M Gregoire
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 9112, USA.
| | - Hyun S Park
- Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Adam S Batchellor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Lena Trotochaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Shannon W Boettcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
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349
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Huang S, Xu Y, Chen Z, Xie M, Xu H, He M, Li H, Zhang Q. A core–shell structured magnetic Ag/AgBr@Fe2O3 composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity for organic pollutant degradation and antibacterium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13403j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A core–shell structured Ag/AgBr@Fe2O3 composite was prepared successfully. It has magnetic properties, highly efficient photocatalytic activity and antibacterial ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanguo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Minqiang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Institute for Energy Research
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry
- Hainan University
- Haikou
- P. R. China
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350
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Li Q, Antony RP, Wong LH, Ng DHL. Promotional effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surface modification on a hematite photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20529h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hematite nanorod array was treated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant by a simple hydrothermal method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Rajini P. Antony
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Lydia Helena Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Dickon H. L. Ng
- Department of Physics
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- China
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