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Tracy LM, Georgiou-Karistianis N, Gibson SJ, Giummarra MJ. Oxytocin and the modulation of pain experience: Implications for chronic pain management. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:53-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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302
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Zhang Z, Gadotti V, Chen L, Souza I, Stemkowski P, Zamponi G. Role of Prelimbic GABAergic Circuits in Sensory and Emotional Aspects of Neuropathic Pain. Cell Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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303
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Abstract
Adverse life events can induce two kinds of memory with opposite valence, dependent on timing: "negative" memories for stimuli preceding them and "positive" memories for stimuli experienced at the moment of "relief." Such punishment memory and relief memory are found in insects, rats, and man. For example, fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) avoid an odor after odor-shock training ("forward conditioning" of the odor), whereas after shock-odor training ("backward conditioning" of the odor) they approach it. Do these timing-dependent associative processes share molecular determinants? We focus on the role of Synapsin, a conserved presynaptic phosphoprotein regulating the balance between the reserve pool and the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. We find that a lack of Synapsin leaves task-relevant sensory and motor faculties unaffected. In contrast, both punishment memory and relief memory scores are reduced. These defects reflect a true lessening of associative memory strength, as distortions in nonassociative processing (e.g., susceptibility to handling, adaptation, habituation, sensitization), discrimination ability, and changes in the time course of coincidence detection can be ruled out as alternative explanations. Reductions in punishment- and relief-memory strength are also observed upon an RNAi-mediated knock-down of Synapsin, and are rescued both by acutely restoring Synapsin and by locally restoring it in the mushroom bodies of mutant flies. Thus, both punishment memory and relief memory require the Synapsin protein and in this sense share genetic and molecular determinants. We note that corresponding molecular commonalities between punishment memory and relief memory in humans would constrain pharmacological attempts to selectively interfere with excessive associative punishment memories, e.g., after traumatic experiences.
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304
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Dogra S, Yadav PN. Biased agonism at kappa opioid receptors: Implication in pain and mood disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:184-90. [PMID: 26164787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (k receptor) and its endogenous ligand dynorphin have received significant attention due to their involvement in pathophysiology of mood disorders, drug addiction, psychotic disorders and pain. Multiple lines of evidences suggest that the k receptor modulates overlapping neurocircuits connecting brainstem monoaminergic nuclei with forebrain limbic structures and thereby regulates neurobiological effects of stress and psychostimulants. The emerging concept of "biased agonism" (also known as functional selectivity) for G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) ligands have provided new insights into overall response generated by a ligand, which could be exploited for drug discovery. According to this concept, every ligand possesses the unique ability (coded in its structure) that dictates distinct signalling pattern, and consequently beneficial or adverse response. Although still a long way to comprehend the clinical potential of biased GPCR ligands, such ligand could be vital pharmacological probes. This article highlights various lines of evidence, which indicates different ligands of k receptor as "biased", and their potential implications in mood and pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dogra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226031, India.
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305
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Abstract
Neural circuits that determine the perception and modulation of pain remain poorly understood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides top-down control of sensory and affective processes. While animal and human imaging studies have shown that the PFC is involved in pain regulation, its exact role in pain states remains incompletely understood. A key output target for the PFC is the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an important component of the reward circuitry. Interestingly, recent human imaging studies suggest that the projection from the PFC to the NAc is altered in chronic pain. The function of this corticostriatal projection in pain states, however, is not known. Here we show that optogenetic activation of the PFC produces strong antinociceptive effects in a rat model (spared nerve injury model) of persistent neuropathic pain. PFC activation also reduces the affective symptoms of pain. Furthermore, we show that this pain-relieving function of the PFC is likely mediated by projections to the NAc. Thus, our results support a novel role for corticostriatal circuitry in pain regulation.
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306
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Icenhour A, Kattoor J, Benson S, Boekstegers A, Schlamann M, Merz CJ, Forsting M, Elsenbruch S. Neural circuitry underlying effects of context on human pain-related fear extinction in a renewal paradigm. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3179-93. [PMID: 26058893 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of context in pain-related extinction learning remains poorly understood. We analyzed the neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent extinction and renewal in a clinically relevant model of conditioned abdominal pain-related fear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, two groups of healthy volunteers underwent differential fear conditioning with painful rectal distensions as unconditioned stimuli (US) and visual conditioned stimuli (CS(+) ; CS(-) ). The extinction context was changed in an experimental group (context group), which was subsequently returned into the original learning context to test for renewal. No context changes occurred in the control group. Group differences in CS-induced differential neural activation were analyzed along with skin conductance responses (SCR), CS valence and CS-US contingency ratings. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS During extinction, group differences in differential neural activation were observed in dorsolateral (dlPFC) and ventromedial (vmPFC) prefrontal cortex and amygdala, mainly driven by enhanced activation in response to the CS(-) in the control group. During renewal, observed group differences in activation of dlPFC and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) resulted primarily from differential modulation of the CS(-) in the absence of group differences in response to CS(+) or SCR. CONCLUSION The extinction context affects the neural processing of nonpain predictive safety cues, supporting a role of safety learning in pain-related memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Icenhour
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joswin Kattoor
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Armgard Boekstegers
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian J Merz
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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307
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Higgins GA, Silenieks LB, Van Niekerk A, Desnoyer J, Patrick A, Lau W, Thevarkunnel S. Enduring attentional deficits in rats treated with a peripheral nerve injury. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:347-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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308
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Feldman R. The adaptive human parental brain: implications for children's social development. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:387-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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309
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Deutsch R, Smith KJM, Kordts-Freudinger R, Reichardt R. How absent negativity relates to affect and motivation: an integrative relief model. Front Psychol 2015; 6:152. [PMID: 25806008 PMCID: PMC4354424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper concerns the motivational underpinnings and behavioral correlates of the prevention or stopping of negative stimulation – a situation referred to as relief. Relief is of great theoretical and applied interest. Theoretically, it is tied to theories linking affect, emotion, and motivational systems. Importantly, these theories make different predictions regarding the association between relief and motivational systems. Moreover, relief is a prototypical antecedent of counterfactual emotions, which involve specific cognitive processes compared to factual or mere anticipatory emotions. Practically, relief may be an important motivator of addictive and phobic behaviors, self destructive behaviors, and social influence. In the present paper, we will first provide a review of conflicting conceptualizations of relief. We will then present an integrative relief model (IRMO) that aims at resolving existing theoretical conflicts. We then review evidence relevant to distinctive predictions regarding the moderating role of various procedural features of relief situations. We conclude that our integrated model results in a better understanding of existing evidence on the affective and motivational underpinnings of relief, but that further evidence is needed to come to a more comprehensive evaluation of the viability of IRMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Deutsch
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin J M Smith
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Regina Reichardt
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
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310
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Descalzi G, Ikegami D, Ushijima T, Nestler EJ, Zachariou V, Narita M. Epigenetic mechanisms of chronic pain. Trends Neurosci 2015; 38:237-46. [PMID: 25765319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic and inflammatory pain promote a large number of persisting adaptations at the cellular and molecular level, allowing even transient tissue or nerve damage to elicit changes in cells that contribute to the development of chronic pain and associated symptoms. There is evidence that injury-induced changes in chromatin structure drive stable changes in gene expression and neural function, which may cause several symptoms, including allodynia, hyperalgesia, anxiety, and depression. Recent findings on epigenetic changes in the spinal cord and brain during chronic pain may guide fundamental advances in new treatments. Here, we provide a brief overview of epigenetic regulation in the nervous system and then discuss the still-limited literature that directly implicates epigenetic modifications in chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina Descalzi
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daigo Ikegami
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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311
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Abstract
Pain is an important protective system that alerts organisms to actual or possible tissue damage. However, a variety of pathologies can lead to chronic pain that is no longer beneficial. Lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system cause intractable neuropathic pain that occasionally lasts even after the original pathology subsides. Chronic inflammatory diseases like arthritis are also associated with severe pain. Because conventional analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids have limited efficacy and/or severe adverse events associated with long-term use, chronic pain remains a major problem in clinical practice. Recently, causal roles of microRNAs in chronic pain and their therapeutic potential have been emerging. microRNA expressions are altered not only at the primary origin of pain, but also along the somatosensory pathways. Notably, microRNA expressions are differentially affected depending on the causes of chronic pain. This chapter summarizes current insights into the roles of microRNAs in pain based on the underlying pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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312
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Loseth GE, Ellingsen DM, Leknes S. State-dependent μ-opioid modulation of social motivation. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:430. [PMID: 25565999 PMCID: PMC4264475 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Social mammals engage in affiliative interactions both when seeking relief from negative affect and when searching for pleasure and joy. These two motivational states are both modulated by μ-opioid transmission. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system in the brain mediates pain relief and reward behaviors, and is implicated in social reward processing and affiliative bonding across mammalian species. However, pharmacological manipulation of the μ-opioid system has yielded opposite effects on rodents and primates: in rodents, social motivation is generally increased by MOR agonists and reduced by antagonists, whereas the opposite pattern has been shown in primates. Here, we address this paradox by taking into account differences in motivational state. We first review evidence for μ-opioid mediation of reward processing, emotion regulation, and affiliation in humans, non-human primates, rodents and other species. Based on the consistent cross-species similarities in opioid functioning, we propose a unified, state-dependent model for μ-opioid modulation of affiliation across the mammalian species. Finally, we show that this state-dependent model is supported by evidence from both rodent and primate studies, when species and age differences in social separation response are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro E. Loseth
- Department of Psychology, University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | | | - Siri Leknes
- Department of Psychology, University of OsloOslo, Norway
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University HospitalOslo, Norway
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313
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Cahill CM, Taylor AMW, Cook C, Ong E, Morón JA, Evans CJ. Does the kappa opioid receptor system contribute to pain aversion? Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:253. [PMID: 25452729 PMCID: PMC4233910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and the endogenous peptide-ligand dynorphin have received significant attention due the involvement in mediating a variety of behavioral and neurophysiological responses, including opposing the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse including opioids. Accumulating evidence indicates this system is involved in regulating states of motivation and emotion. Acute activation of the KOR produces an increase in motivational behavior to escape a threat, however, KOR activation associated with chronic stress leads to the expression of symptoms indicative of mood disorders. It is well accepted that KOR can produce analgesia and is engaged in chronic pain states including neuropathic pain. Spinal studies have revealed KOR-induced analgesia in reversing pain hypersensitivities associated with peripheral nerve injury. While systemic administration of KOR agonists attenuates nociceptive sensory transmission, this effect appears to be a stress-induced effect as anxiolytic agents, including delta opioid receptor agonists, mitigate KOR agonist-induced analgesia. Additionally, while the role of KOR and dynorphin in driving the dysphoric and aversive components of stress and drug withdrawal has been well characterized, how this system mediates the negative emotional states associated with chronic pain is relatively unexplored. This review provides evidence that dynorphin and the KOR system contribute to the negative affective component of pain and that this receptor system likely contributes to the high comorbidity of mood disorders associated with chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Cook
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Edmund Ong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Christopher J Evans
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
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