301
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Hill RM, Rocha S, Parsons JL. Overcoming the Impact of Hypoxia in Driving Radiotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4130. [PMID: 36077667 PMCID: PMC9454974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is very common in most solid tumours and is a driving force for malignant progression as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Incidences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have increased in the last decade and radiotherapy is a major therapeutic technique utilised in the treatment of the tumours. However, effectiveness of radiotherapy is hindered by resistance mechanisms and most notably by hypoxia, leading to poor patient prognosis of HNSCC patients. The phenomenon of hypoxia-induced radioresistance was identified nearly half a century ago, yet despite this, little progress has been made in overcoming the physical lack of oxygen. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia and the underpinning radiobiological response of tumours to this phenotype is much needed. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of how hypoxia alters molecular and cellular processes contributing to radioresistance, particularly in the context of HNSCC, and what strategies have and could be explored to overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna M. Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington CH63 4JY, UK
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302
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Roemer A, Mohammed L, Strickfaden H, Underhill DA, Hendzel MJ. Mechanisms governing the accessibility of DNA damage proteins to constitutive heterochromatin. Front Genet 2022; 13:876862. [PMID: 36092926 PMCID: PMC9458887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.876862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin is thought to regulate the accessibility of the underlying DNA sequence to machinery that transcribes and repairs the DNA. Heterochromatin is chromatin that maintains a sufficiently high density of DNA packing to be visible by light microscopy throughout the cell cycle and is thought to be most restrictive to transcription. Several studies have suggested that larger proteins and protein complexes are attenuated in their access to heterochromatin. In addition, heterochromatin domains may be associated with phase separated liquid condensates adding further complexity to the regulation of protein concentration within chromocenters. This provides a solvent environment distinct from the nucleoplasm, and proteins that are not size restricted in accessing this liquid environment may partition between the nucleoplasm and heterochromatin based on relative solubility. In this study, we assessed the accessibility of constitutive heterochromatin in mouse cells, which is organized into large and easily identifiable chromocenters, to fluorescently tagged DNA damage response proteins. We find that proteins larger than the expected 10 nm size limit can access the interior of heterochromatin. We find that the sensor proteins Ku70 and PARP1 enrich in mouse chromocenters. At the same time, MRE11 shows variability within an asynchronous population that ranges from depleted to enriched but is primarily homogeneously distribution between chromocenters and the nucleoplasm. While larger downstream proteins such as ATM, BRCA1, and 53BP1 are commonly depleted in chromocenters, they show a wide range of concentrations, with none being depleted beyond approximately 75%. Contradicting exclusively size-dependent accessibility, many smaller proteins, including EGFP, are also depleted in chromocenters. Our results are consistent with minimal size-dependent selectivity but a distinct solvent environment explaining reduced concentrations of diffusing nucleoplasmic proteins within the volume of the chromocenter.
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303
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Shi J, Yang N, Han M, Qiu C. Emerging roles of ferroptosis in glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:993316. [PMID: 36072803 PMCID: PMC9441765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and directly affects the quality of life and cognitive function of patients. Ferroptosis, is a new form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is mainly due to redox imbalance and involves multiple intracellular biology processes, such as iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and antioxidants synthesis. Induction of ferroptosis could be a new target for glioma treatment, and ferroptosis-related processes are associated with chemoresistance and radioresistance in glioma. In the present review, we provide the characteristics, key regulators and pathways of ferroptosis and the crosstalk between ferroptosis and other programmed cell death in glioma, we also proposed the application and prospect of ferroptosis in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shi
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Qiu,
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304
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Irradiation combined with PD-L1 -/- and autophagy inhibition enhances the antitumor effect of lung cancer via cGAS-STING-mediated T cell activation. iScience 2022; 25:104690. [PMID: 35847556 PMCID: PMC9283938 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade has gradually revealed the superiority in the antitumor therapy; however, the contribution of host PD-L1 remains elusive. In this study, we found that the activation of CD8+ T cells was strikingly increased in both irradiated PD-L1-expressing primary tumor and distant non-irradiated syngeneic tumor in PD-L1-deficient mouse host, and thus enhanced radiation-induced antitumor abscopal effect (ATAE) by activating cGAS-STING pathway. Notably, the autophagy inhibitors distinctively promoted dsDNA aggregation in the cytoplasm and increased the release of cGAS-STING-regulated IFN-β from irradiated cells, which further activated bystander CD8+ T cells to release IFN-γ and contributed to ATAE. These findings revealed a signaling cascade loop that the cytokines released from irradiated tumor recruit CD8+ T cells that in turn act on the tumor cells with amplified immune responses in PD-L1-deficient host, indicating a potential sandwich therapy strategy of RT combined with PD-L1 blockage and autophagy inhibition.
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305
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Monge-Cadet J, Moyal E, Supiot S, Guimas V. DNA repair inhibitors and radiotherapy. Cancer Radiother 2022; 26:947-954. [PMID: 35987813 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the main cancer treatments and grows in importance due to improved techniques. DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation creates DNA strand breaks that trigger an intervention of DNA repair pathways involving numerous proteins and enzymes. In recent years, we have identified DNA repair inhibitors as targets for inhibiting cellular repair systems and thus causing cell death. Combining RT with these DNA repair inhibitors appears to be a new approach for cancer treatment, but safety and real efficiency of this combination in practice is unclear. Numerous trials are underway in various diseases and initial results are promising overall, yet remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Monge-Cadet
- Radiothérapie, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France.
| | - E Moyal
- Radiothérapie, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - S Supiot
- Radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, boulevard Professeur Jacques-Monod, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - V Guimas
- Radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, boulevard Professeur Jacques-Monod, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
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306
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Very N, El Yazidi-Belkoura I. Targeting O-GlcNAcylation to overcome resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960312. [PMID: 36059648 PMCID: PMC9428582 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, metabolic reprogramming is associated with an alteration of the O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis. This post-translational modification (PTM) that attaches O-GlcNAc moiety to intracellular proteins is dynamically and finely regulated by the O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA). It is now established that O-GlcNAcylation participates in many features of cancer cells including a high rate of cell growth, invasion, and metastasis but little is known about its impact on the response to therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of O-GlcNAc protein modification in cancer resistance to therapies. We summarize the current knowledge about the crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor sensitivity/resistance to targeted therapies, chemotherapies, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. We also discuss potential benefits and strategies of targeting O-GlcNAcylation to overcome cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninon Very
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Ikram El Yazidi-Belkoura,
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307
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Guo J, Jin K, Tang T, Liu HM, Xie YA. A new biomarker to enhance the radiosensitivity of hepatocellular cancer: miRNAs. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3217-3228. [PMID: 35968820 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This review summarizes findings regarding miRNAs that modulate radiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluates their potential clinical therapeutic uses. Materials & methods: We searched the relevant English-language medical databases for papers on miRNAs and radiation therapy for tumors to identify miRNAs that are linked with radiosensitivity and radioresistance, focusing on those associated with HCC radiation. Results: There were 88 papers assessed for miRNAs associated with tumor radiation, 56 of which dealt with radiosensitization, 21 with radioresistance and 11 with radiosensitization for HCC. Conclusion: Further work in this area would enable future evaluation of radiation responses and the potential use of miRNAs as therapeutic agents in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health & Birth Defects Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China
| | - Kai Jin
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China
| | - Ting Tang
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Yu-An Xie
- Graduate School of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530299, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health & Birth Defects Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China.,Experimental Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China.,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women & Children Care Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530002, PR China
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308
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Wang M, Xie C. DNA Damage Repair and Current Therapeutic Approaches in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Front Genet 2022; 13:931866. [PMID: 36035159 PMCID: PMC9412963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.931866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA in cells is frequently damaged by endogenous and exogenous agents. However, comprehensive mechanisms to combat and repair DNA damage have evolved to ensure genomic stability and integrity. Improper DNA damage repair may result in various diseases, including some types of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, DNA damage repair mechanisms have been proposed as novel antitumor drug targets. To date, numerous drugs targeting DNA damage mechanisms have been developed. For example, PARP inhibitors that elicit synthetic lethality are widely used in individualized cancer therapies. In this review, we describe the latent DNA damage repair mechanisms in gastric cancer, the types of DNA damage that can contribute to the development of gastric cancer, and new therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer that target DNA damage repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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309
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Fan X, Liu H, Zhu M, Yang M, Zhang X, Zhang H, Yu F. Ionizing Radiation-Induced Ferroptosis Based on Nanomaterials. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3497-3507. [PMID: 35966149 PMCID: PMC9364940 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s372947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD), that is associated with peroxidative damage to cellular membranes. A promising therapeutic method is to target ferroptosis. Nanomaterial-induced ferroptosis attracts enormous attention. Nevertheless, there are still certain shortcomings in ferroptosis, such as inadequate triggered immunogenic cell death to suit clinical demands. Various investigations have indicated that ionizing radiation (IR) can further induce ferroptosis. Consequently, it is a potential strategy for cancer therapy that combines nanomaterials and IR to induce ferroptosis. Initially, we discuss various ferroptosis inducers based on nanomaterials in this review. Furthermore, mechanisms of IR-induced ferroptosis are briefly introduced. Ultimately, we assess the feasibility of combining nanomaterials with IR to induce ferroptosis, paving the way for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanhui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqin Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fei Yu, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-021-66302721, Fax +86-021-66300588, Email
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310
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Bodei L, Herrmann K, Schöder H, Scott AM, Lewis JS. Radiotheranostics in oncology: current challenges and emerging opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:534-550. [PMID: 35725926 PMCID: PMC10585450 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural imaging remains an essential component of diagnosis, staging and response assessment in patients with cancer; however, as clinicians increasingly seek to noninvasively investigate tumour phenotypes and evaluate functional and molecular responses to therapy, theranostics - the combination of diagnostic imaging with targeted therapy - is becoming more widely implemented. The field of radiotheranostics, which is the focus of this Review, combines molecular imaging (primarily PET and SPECT) with targeted radionuclide therapy, which involves the use of small molecules, peptides and/or antibodies as carriers for therapeutic radionuclides, typically those emitting α-, β- or auger-radiation. The exponential, global expansion of radiotheranostics in oncology stems from its potential to target and eliminate tumour cells with minimal adverse effects, owing to a mechanism of action that differs distinctly from that of most other systemic therapies. Currently, an enormous opportunity exists to expand the number of patients who can benefit from this technology, to address the urgent needs of many thousands of patients across the world. In this Review, we describe the clinical experience with established radiotheranostics as well as novel areas of research and various barriers to progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bodei
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Herrmann
- German Cancer Consortium, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY, USA.
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311
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Ma X, Yao M, Gao Y, Yue Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Nie G, Zhao X, Liang X. Functional Immune Cell-Derived Exosomes Engineered for the Trilogy of Radiotherapy Sensitization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106031. [PMID: 35715382 PMCID: PMC9376809 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The limited efficacy of radiotherapy leads to radio-resistance and high rates of tumor recurrence and metastasis, which is caused by tumor hypoxia, rapid DNA damage repair, and especially the suppressive immune microenvironment of tumor. Lots of immune cell-derived exosomes can regulate antitumor immunity, but their application in enhancing radiotherapy is rarely studied. Herein, as a model of concept, M1 macrophage-derived exosomes (M1Exos) is engineered as effective radiotherapy sensitizers, realizing the trilogy of radiotherapy sensitization: 1) M1Exos is engineered to express catalases on the inside of membrane, which can effectively relieve tumor hypoxia, and enhance DNA damage. 2) The DNA damage repair inhibitor is loaded in M1Exos to effectively inhibit DNA damage repair. 3) M1Exos can polarize M2 macrophages into M1 phenotypes, and the anti-PD-L1 nanobody engineered on the outside of M1Exos can relieve the immunosuppression of T cells, both ultimately leading to the remodeling of the tumor suppressive microenvironment. The trilogy of radiotherapy sensitization achieves excellent antitumor efficacy, exhibiting the good utility of engineering immune cell-derived exosomes as radiotherapy sensitizers, inspiring the future efforts to explore different kinds of immune cell-derived exosomes for enhanced radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotu Ma
- Department of UltrasoundPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Meinan Yao
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing100013P. R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalsCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Yale Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing100190P. R. China
- IGDB‐NCNST Joint Research CenterInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of UltrasoundPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
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312
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Chen D, Yu J. Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: the dawn of cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:258. [PMID: 35906199 PMCID: PMC9338328 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view of RT as a simple local treatment has dramatically changed in recent years, and it is now widely accepted that RT can provoke a systemic immune response which gives a strong rationale for the combination of RT and immunotherapy (iRT). Nevertheless, several points remain to be addressed such as the interaction of RT and immune system, the identification of the best schedules for combination with immunotherapy (IO), the expansion of abscopal effect and the mechanism to amplify iRT. To answer these crucial questions, we roundly summarize underlying rationale showing the whole immune landscape in RT and clinical trials to attempt to identify the best schedules of iRT. In consideration of the rarity of abscopal effect, we propose that the occurrence of abscopal effect induced by radiation can be promoted to 100% in view of molecular and genetic level. Furthermore, the “radscopal effect” which refers to using low-dose radiation to reprogram the tumor microenvironment may amplify the occurrence of abscopal effect and overcome the resistance of iRT. Taken together, RT could be regarded as a trigger of systemic antitumor immune response, and with the help of IO can be used as a radical and systemic treatment and be added into current standard regimen of patients with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Yantai Road, No. 2999, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road, No. 440, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Yantai Road, No. 2999, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Yantai Road, No. 2999, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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313
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1,4-Naphthoquinone (CNN1) Induces Apoptosis through DNA Damage and Promotes Upregulation of H2AFX in Leukemia Multidrug Resistant Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158105. [PMID: 35897681 PMCID: PMC9330061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is one of the major obstacles in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in advantage stages such as blast crisis. In this scenario, more patients develop resistance mechanisms during the course of the disease, making tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target therapies ineffective. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the pharmacological role of CNN1, a para-naphthoquinone, in a leukemia multidrug resistant cell line. First, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of Imatinib Mesylate (IM) in K-562 and FEPS cell lines was evaluated. Subsequently, membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential assays were performed to assess the cytotoxic effects of CNN1 in K-562 and FEPS cell lines, followed by cell cycle, alkaline comet assay and annexin V-Alexa Fluor® 488/propidium iodide assays (Annexin/PI) using flow cytometry. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the H2AFX gene expression. The results demonstrate that CNN1 was able to induce apoptosis, cell membrane rupture and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in leukemia cell lines. In addition, CNN1 also induced genotoxic effects and caused DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in leukemia cells. No genotoxicity was observed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Additionally, CNN1 increased mRNA levels of H2AFX. Therefore, CNN1 presented anticancer properties against leukemia multidrug resistant cell line being a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of resistant CML.
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314
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Yan Y, Li H, Yao H, Cheng X. Nanodelivery Systems Delivering Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha Short Interfering RNA and Antisense Oligonucleotide for Cancer Treatment. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.932976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which plays a crucial role in oxygen homeostasis, contributes to immunosuppression, tumor angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, photodynamic therapy resistance, and metastasis. HIF as a therapeutic target has attracted scientists’ strong academic research interests. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) are the more promising and broadly utilized methods for oligonucleotide-based therapy. Their physicochemical characteristics such as hydrophilicity, negative charge, and high molecular weight make them impossible to cross the cell membrane. Moreover, siRNA and ASO are subjected to a rapid deterioration in circulation and cannot translocate into nuclear. Delivery of siRNA and ASO to specific gene targets should be realized without off-target gene silencing and affecting the healthy cells. Nanoparticles as vectors for delivery of siRNA and ASO possess great advantages and flourish in academic research. In this review, we summarized and analyzed regulation mechanisms of HIF under hypoxia, the significant role of HIF in promoting tumor progression, and recent academic research on nanoparticle-based delivery of HIF siRNA and ASO for cancer immunotherapy, antiangiogenesis, reversal of multidrug resistance and radioresistance, potentiating photodynamic therapy, inhibiting tumor metastasis and proliferation, and enhancing apoptosis are reviewed in this thesis. Furthermore, we hope to provide some rewarding suggestions and enlightenments for targeting HIF gene therapy.
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315
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Yu R, Hu Y, Zhang S, Li X, Tang M, Yang M, Wu X, Li Z, Liao X, Xu Y, Li M, Chen S, Qian W, Gong LY, Song L, Li J. LncRNA CTBP1-DT-encoded microprotein DDUP sustains DNA damage response signalling to trigger dual DNA repair mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:8060-8079. [PMID: 35849344 PMCID: PMC9371908 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining DNA damage response (DDR) signalling via retention of DDR factors at damaged sites is important for transmitting damage-sensing and repair signals. Herein, we found that DNA damage provoked the association of ribosomes with IRES region in lncRNA CTBP1-DT, which overcame the negative effect of upstream open reading frames (uORFs), and elicited the novel microprotein DNA damage-upregulated protein (DDUP) translation via a cap-independent translation mechanism. Activated ATR kinase-mediated phosphorylation of DDUP induced a drastic 'dense-to-loose' conformational change, which sustained the RAD18/RAD51C and RAD18/PCNA complex at damaged sites and initiated RAD51C-mediated homologous recombination and PCNA-mediated post-replication repair mechanisms. Importantly, treatment with ATR inhibitor abolished the effect of DDUP on chromatin retention of RAD51C and PCNA, thereby leading to hypersensitivity of cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics. Taken together, our results uncover a plausible mechanism underlying the DDR sustaining and might represent an attractive therapeutic strategy in improvement of DNA damage-based anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Yu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Yameng Hu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Miaoling Tang
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Meisongzhu Yang
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xingui Wu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xinyi Liao
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Yingru Xu
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Man Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Suwen Chen
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Wanying Qian
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Li-Yun Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China
| | - Jun Li
- Program of Cancer Research, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan school of medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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316
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Specific Targeting of Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins as a Radiosensitizing Approach in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147850. [PMID: 35887198 PMCID: PMC9319836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Avoidance of therapy-induced apoptosis is a hallmark of acquired resistance towards radiotherapy. Thus, breaking resistance still challenges modern cancer therapy. The Bcl-2 protein family is known for its regulatory role in apoptosis signaling, making Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL promising targets. This study evaluates the effects of highly specific inhibitors for Bcl-xL (WEHI-539), Bcl-2 (ABT-199) and Mcl-1 (S63845) as radiosensitizers. Covering a broad spectrum of solid tumors, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) and synovial sarcoma cell lines were exposed to fractionated radiation as standard therapy with or without Bcl-2 protein inhibition. Protein expression was detected by Western blot and cell death was assessed by flow cytometry measuring apoptosis. In contrast to NSCLC, a high level of Bcl-xL and its upregulation during radiotherapy indicated radioresistance in HNSCC and synovial sarcoma. Radioresistant cell lines across all entities benefited synergistically from combined therapy with Bcl-xL inhibition and fractionated radiation. In NSCLC cell lines, Mcl-1 inhibition significantly augmented radiotherapy independent of the expression level. Our data suggest that among antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, targeting Bcl-xL may break resistance to radiation in HNSCC, synovial sarcoma and NSCLC in vitro. In NSCLC, Mcl-1 might be a promising target that needs further investigation.
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317
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Li Q, Zhang P, Hu H, Huang H, Pan D, Mao G, Hu B. The DDR-related gene signature with cell cycle checkpoint function predicts prognosis, immune activity, and chemoradiotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. Respir Res 2022; 23:190. [PMID: 35840978 PMCID: PMC9288070 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a DNA surveillance mechanism, cell cycle checkpoint has recently been discovered to be closely associated with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognosis. It is also an essential link in the process of DNA damage repair (DDR) that confers resistance to radiotherapy. Whether genes that have both functions play a more crucial role in LUAD prognosis remains unclear. METHODS In this study, DDR-related genes with cell cycle checkpoint function (DCGs) were selected to investigate their effects on the prognosis of LUAD. The TCGA-LUAD cohort and two GEO external validation cohorts (GSE31210 and GSE42171) were performed to construct a prognosis model based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the model. Subsequently, the multivariate COX regression was used to construct a prognostic nomogram. The ssGSEA, CIBERSORT algorithm, TIMER tool, CMap database, and IC50 of chemotherapeutic agents were used to analyze immune activity and responsiveness to chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS 4 DCGs were selected as prognostic signatures, and patients in the high-risk group had a lower overall survival (OS). The lower infiltration levels of immune cells and the higher expression levels of immune checkpoints appeared in the high-risk group. The damage repair pathways were upregulated, and chemotherapeutic agent sensitivity was poor in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS The 4-DCGs signature prognosis model we constructed could predict the survival rate, immune activity, and chemoradiotherapy responsiveness of LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huixiao Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hang Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Guangyun Mao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Burong Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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318
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Yang L, Lu P, Yang X, Li K, Chen X, Zhou Y, Qu S. Downregulation of annexin A3 promotes ionizing radiation-induced EGFR activation and nuclear translocation and confers radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113292. [PMID: 35850266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Radioresistance currently poses a significant challenge to successful disease control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We previously uncovered that annexin A3 (ANXA3), a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, is underexpressed in radioresistant NPC cells and mouse xenografts. This study aims to further unravel the mechanistic basis underlying ANXA3-mediated radioresistance in NPC. We show that either innate ANXA3 downregulation or short hairpin RNA(shRNA)-based knockdown of ANXA3 confers resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) in NPC both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo, whereas radiosensitization was observed when ANXA3 was ectopically expressed. Mechanistically, ANXA3 knockdown dramatically enhances IR-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, leading to increased post-IR phosphorylation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) concomitant with markedly accelerated DNA DSB repair. In addition, pretreatment with cetuximab efficiently abrogated the radioresistant phenotype of ANXA3-low cells as well as the ANXA3 knockdown-induced post-IR EGFR nuclear accumulation, suggesting that EGFR is an essential mediator for ANXA3 depletion-mediated radioprotection in NPC. Collectively, this work reveals for the first time a critical role of ANXA3 in radiation survival and DNA repair mechanism of NPC and provides mechanistic evidence to support ANXA3 as a potential therapeutic target to improve radiocurability for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China
| | - Pingan Lu
- Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kaiguo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xuxia Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China
| | - Song Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China; Key Laboratory of High-Incidence Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China; Guangxi Clinical Medicine Research Center of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China.
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319
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Dai Z, Zhang W, Shang M, Tang H, Wu L, Wu Y, Wang T, Bian P. A Non-Cell-Autonomous Mode of DNA Damage Response in Soma of Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147544. [PMID: 35886900 PMCID: PMC9318560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life has evolved a mechanism called DNA damage response (DDR) to sense, signal and remove/repair DNA damage, and its deficiency and dysfunction usually lead to genomic instability and development of cancer. The signaling mode of the DDR has been believed to be of cell-autonomy. However, the paradigm is being shifted with in-depth research into model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we mainly investigate the effect of DDR activation on the radiosensitivity of vulva of C. elegans, and first found that the vulval radiosensitivity is mainly regulated by somatic DDR, rather than the DDR of germline. Subsequently, the worm lines with pharynx-specific rescue of DDR were constructed, and it is shown that the 9-1-1-ATR and MRN-ATM cascades in pharynx restore approximately 90% and 70% of vulval radiosensitivity, respectively, through distantly regulating the NHEJ repair of vulval cells. The results suggest that the signaling cascade of DDR might also operate in a non-cell autonomous mode. To further explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms, the cpr-4 mutated gene is introduced into the DDR-rescued worms, and CPR-4, a cysteine protease cathepsin B, is confirmed to mediate the inter-tissue and inter-individual regulation of DDR as a signaling molecule downstream of 9-1-1-ATR. Our findings throw some light on the regulation of DNA repair in soma of C. elegans, and might also provide new cues for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyu Dai
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mengke Shang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Huangqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lijun Wu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (M.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Po Bian
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Z.D.); (W.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.W.)
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (P.B.)
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320
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The impairment of DDR reduces XBP1s, further increasing DNA damage, and triggers autophagy via PERK/eIF2alpha in MM and IRE1alpha/JNK1/2 in PEL cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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321
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Mohammed MR, El-Bahkery AM, Shedid SM. The Influence of Different γ-Irradiation Patterns on Factors that May Affect Cell Cycle Progression in Male Rats. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221117898. [PMID: 35982824 PMCID: PMC9379971 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221117898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of the biological effects of ionizing radiation have been done on a
single acute dose, while clinically and environmentally exposures occur under
chronic/repetitive conditions. It is important to study effects of different
patterns of ionizing radiation. In this study, a rat model was used to compare
the effects of repetitive and acute exposure. Groups: (I) control, (II, III)
were exposed to fractionated doses (1.5 GyX4) and (2 GyX4), respectively/24h
interval, and (IV, V) were exposed to 6 Gy and 8 Gy of whole-body gamma
irradiation, respectively. The gene expression of MAPT and tau phosphorylation
increased in all irradiated groups but the gene expression of PKN not affected.
TGFβ% increased at dose of 2 GyX4 only. In addition, the cell cycle was arrested
in S phase. Micronucleus (MN) increased and cell proliferation decreased. In
conclusion, the dose and pattern of ionizing radiation do not affect the MAPT
and PKN gene expression, but TGF-β, p-tau, MN assay and cell proliferation are
significantly affected. The dose of 2 GyX4 showed distinctive effect. Repetitive
exposure may increase TGF-β%, which causes radio-resistance and, G2/M delay.
Thus, the cell cycle could be regulated in a different manner according to the
dose and pattern of irradiation.
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Survival-related indicators ALOX12B and SPRR1A are associated with DNA damage repair and tumor microenvironment status in HPV 16-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:714. [PMID: 35768785 PMCID: PMC9241267 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate prognostic-related gene signature based on DNA damage repair and tumor microenvironment statue in human papillomavirus 16 negative (HPV16-) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS For the RNA-sequence matrix in HPV16- HNSCC in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, the DNA damage response (DDR) and tumor microenvironment (TM) status of each patient sample was estimated by using the ssGSEA algorithm. Through bioinformatics analysis in DDR_high/TM_high (n = 311) and DDR_high/TM_low (n = 53) groups, a survival-related gene signature was selected in the TCGA cohort. Two independent external validation cohorts (GSE65858 (n = 210) and GSE41613 (n = 97)) with HPV16- HNSCC patients validated the gene signature. Correlations among the clinical-related hub differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and infiltrated immunocytes were explored with the TIMER2.0 server. Drug screening based on hub DEGs was performed using the CellMiner and GSCALite databases. The loss-of-function studies were used to evaluate the effect of screened survival-related gene on the motility of HPV- HNSCC cells in vitro. RESULTS A high DDR level (P = 0.025) and low TM score (P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for HPV16- HNSCC. Downregulated expression of ALOX12B or SPRR1A was associated with poor survival rate and advanced cancer stages. The pathway enrichment analysis showed the DDR_high/TM_low samples were enriched in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-lacto and neolacto series, glutathione metabolism, platinum drug resistance, and ferroptosis pathways, while the DDR_high/TM_low samples were enriched in Th17 cell differentiation, Neutrophil extracellular trap formation, PD - L1 expression and PD - 1 checkpoint pathway in cancer. Notably, the expression of ALOX12B and SPRR1A were negatively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration and CAFs downstream effectors. Sensitivity to specific chemotherapy regimens can be derived from gene expressions. In addition, ALOX12B and SPRR1A expression was associated with the mRNA expression of insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) in HPV negative HNSCC. Down-regulation of ALOX12B promoted HPV- HNSCC cells migration and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS ALOX12B and SPRR1A served as a gene signature for overall survival in HPV16- HNSCC patients, and correlated with the amount of infiltrated CAFs. The specific drug pattern was determined by the gene signature.
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Pinarbasi-Degirmenci N, Sur-Erdem I, Akcay V, Bolukbasi Y, Selek U, Solaroglu I, Bagci-Onder T. Chronically Radiation-Exposed Survivor Glioblastoma Cells Display Poor Response to Chk1 Inhibition under Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137051. [PMID: 35806055 PMCID: PMC9266388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor, and a cornerstone in its treatment is radiotherapy. However, tumor cells surviving after irradiation indicates treatment failure; therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms regulating radiotherapy response is of utmost importance. In this study, we generated clinically relevant irradiation-exposed models by applying fractionated radiotherapy over a long time and selecting irradiation-survivor (IR-Surv) glioblastoma cells. We examined the transcriptomic alterations, cell cycle and growth rate changes and responses to secondary radiotherapy and DNA damage response (DDR) modulators. Accordingly, IR-Surv cells exhibited slower growth and partly retained their ability to resist secondary irradiation. Concomitantly, IR-Surv cells upregulated the expression of DDR-related genes, such as CHK1, ATM, ATR, and MGMT, and had better DNA repair capacity. IR-Surv cells displayed downregulation of hypoxic signature and lower induction of hypoxia target genes, compared to naïve glioblastoma cells. Moreover, Chk1 inhibition alone or in combination with irradiation significantly reduced cell viability in both naïve and IR-Surv cells. However, IR-Surv cells’ response to Chk1 inhibition markedly decreased under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, we demonstrate the utility of combining DDR inhibitors and irradiation as a successful approach for both naïve and IR-Surv glioblastoma cells as long as cells are refrained from hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareg Pinarbasi-Degirmenci
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Ilknur Sur-Erdem
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (I.S.-E.); (T.B.-O.)
| | - Vuslat Akcay
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Bolukbasi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (Y.B.); (U.S.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (Y.B.); (U.S.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (I.S.-E.); (T.B.-O.)
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Mittal A, Nenwani M, Sarangi I, Achreja A, Lawrence TS, Nagrath D. Radiotherapy-induced metabolic hallmarks in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:855-869. [PMID: 35750630 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation is frequently administered for cancer treatment, but resistance or remission remains common. Cancer cells alter their metabolism after radiotherapy to reduce its cytotoxic effects. The influence of altered cancer metabolism extends to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where components of the TME exchange metabolites to support tumor growth. Combining radiotherapy with metabolic targets in the TME can improve therapy response. We review the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells following radiotherapy and put these observations in the context of the TME to describe the metabolic hallmarks of radiotherapy in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mittal
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minal Nenwani
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Itisam Sarangi
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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325
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Chen X, Lin L, Chen G, Yan H, Li Z, Xiao M, He X, Zhang F, Zhang Y. High Levels of DEAH-Box Helicases Relate to Poor Prognosis and Reduction of DHX9 Improves Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900671. [PMID: 35814441 PMCID: PMC9256992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLiver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), one of the most common primary malignancies, exhibits high levels of molecular and clinical heterogeneity. Increasing evidence has confirmed the important roles of some RNA helicase families in tumor development, but the function of the DEAH-box RNA helicase family in LIHC therapeutic strategies has not yet been clarified.MethodsThe LIHC dataset was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Consensus clustering was applied to group the patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to develop and validate a prognostic risk model. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub databases were used to explore the role of DEAH-box RNA helicases in LIHC immunotherapy. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the role of DHX9 in LIHC radiosensitivity.ResultsTwelve survival-related DEAH-box RNA helicases were identified. High helicase expression levels were associated with a poor prognosis and clinical features. A prognostic model comprising six DEAH-box RNA helicases (DHX8, DHX9, DHX34, DHX35, DHX38, and DHX57) was constructed. The risk score of this model was found to be an independent prognostic indicator, and LIHC patients with different prognosis were distinguished by the model in the training and test cohorts. DNA damage repair pathways were also enriched in patients with high-risk scores. The six DEAH-box RNA helicases in the risk model were substantially related to innate immune cell infiltration and immune inhibitors. In vitro experiments showed that DHX9 knockdown improved radiosensitivity by increasing DNA damage.ConclusionThe DEAH-box RNA helicase signature can be used as a reliable prognostic biomarker for LIHC. In addition, DHX9 may be a definitive indicator and therapeutic target in radiotherapy and immunotherapy for LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Letao Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huzheng Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meigui Xiao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu He
- Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fujun Zhang, ; Yanling Zhang,
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fujun Zhang, ; Yanling Zhang,
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326
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Huang R, Zhang Q, Zhou P. Editorial: Epigenetic and Related Signaling Pathways in Response to Ionizing Radiation and Nano-Particles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932757. [PMID: 35712664 PMCID: PMC9197212 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China
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327
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Simón M, Jørgensen JT, Khare HA, Christensen C, Nielsen CH, Kjaer A. Combination of [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE Targeted Radionuclide Therapy and Photothermal Therapy as a Promising Approach for Cancer Treatment: In Vivo Studies in a Human Xenograft Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061284. [PMID: 35745856 PMCID: PMC9227845 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) relies on α- and β-emitting radionuclides bound to a peptide that commonly targets somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) for the localized killing of tumors through ionizing radiation. A Lutetium-177 (177Lu)-based probe linked to the somatostatin analog octreotate ([177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE) is approved for the treatment of certain SSTR-expressing tumors and has been shown to improve survival. However, a limiting factor of PRRT is the potential toxicity derived from the high doses needed to kill the tumor. This could be circumvented by combining PRRT with other treatments for an enhanced anti-tumor effect. Photothermal therapy (PTT) relies on nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia for cancer treatment and could be a useful add-on to PRRT. Here, we investigate a strategy combining [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE PRRT and nanoshell (NS)-based PTT for the treatment of SSTR-expressing small-cell lung tumors in mice. Our results showed that the combination treatment improved survival compared to PRRT alone, but only when PTT was performed one day after [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE injection (one of the timepoints examined), showcasing the effect of treatment timing in relation to outcome. Furthermore, the combination treatment was well-tolerated in the mice. This indicates that strategies involving NS-based PTT as an add-on to PRRT could be promising and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Simón
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.); (J.T.J.); (H.A.K.); (C.C.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Jesper Tranekjær Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.); (J.T.J.); (H.A.K.); (C.C.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Harshvardhan A. Khare
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.); (J.T.J.); (H.A.K.); (C.C.); (C.H.N.)
| | - Camilla Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.); (J.T.J.); (H.A.K.); (C.C.); (C.H.N.)
- Minerva Imaging, 3650 Ølstykke, Denmark
| | - Carsten Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.); (J.T.J.); (H.A.K.); (C.C.); (C.H.N.)
- Minerva Imaging, 3650 Ølstykke, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.); (J.T.J.); (H.A.K.); (C.C.); (C.H.N.)
- Correspondence:
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328
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Hao Y, Peng B, Si C, Wang B, Luo C, Chen M, Luo C, Gong B, Li Z. PVP-Modified Multifunctional Bi 2WO 6 Nanosheets for Enhanced CT Imaging and Cancer Radiotherapy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18795-18803. [PMID: 35694478 PMCID: PMC9178605 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are one of the main causes of human death. The clinical treatment of malignant tumors is usually surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and so forth. Radiotherapy, as a traditional and effective treatment method for cancer, is widely used in clinical practice, but the radiation resistance of tumor cells and the toxic side effects to normal cells are still the Achilles heel of radiotherapy. Multifunctional inorganic high-atom nanomaterials are expected to enhance the effect of tumor radiotherapy. Tungsten and bismuth, which contain elements with high atomic coefficients, have strong X-ray energy attenuation capability. We synthesized Bi2WO6 nanosheets (NSs) using a hydrothermal synthesis method and modified polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on their surface to make them more stable. PVP-Bi2WO6 NSs have a variety of effects after absorbing X-rays (such as the photoelectric effect and Compton effect) and release a variety of particles such as photoelectrons, Compton electrons, auger electrons, and so forth, which can react with organic molecules or water in cells, generate a large number of free radicals, and promote cell apoptosis, thereby improving the effect of radiotherapy. We show through γ-H2AX and DCFH-DA probe analysis experiments that PVP-Bi2WO6 NSs can effectively increase cell DNA damage and reactive oxygen species formation under X-ray irradiation. Clone formation analysis showed that PVP-Bi2WO6 NSs can effectively suppress cell colony formation under X-ray irradiation. These versatile functions endow PVP-Bi2WO6 NSs with enhanced radiotherapy efficacy in animal models. In addition, PVP-Bi2WO6 NSs can also be used as contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging with obvious effects. Therefore, PVP-Bi2WO6 NSs can be used as CT imaging contrast agents and tumor radiotherapy sensitizers and have potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hao
- Department
of Oral Radiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Jilin
Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling,
School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin
University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department
of Oral Radiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, P. R. China
| | - Chao Si
- Department
of Oral Radiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Jilin
Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling,
School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin
University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department
of Oral Radiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, P. R. China
| | - Chengfeng Luo
- Department
of Oral Radiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Chen
- Department
of Oral Radiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department
of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, P. R. China
| | - Baijuan Gong
- Department
of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department
of Oral Radiology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, P. R. China
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Yang J, Chen Z, Gong Z, Li Q, Ding H, Cui Y, Tang L, Li S, Wan L, Li Y, Ju S, Ding C, Zhao J. Immune Landscape and Classification in Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on a Novel Cell Cycle Checkpoints Related Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Therapeutic Response. Front Genet 2022; 13:908104. [PMID: 35646074 PMCID: PMC9130860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.908104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignancies with the highest mortality globally, and it has a poor prognosis. Cell cycle checkpoints play a central role in the entire system of monitoring cell cycle processes, by regulating the signalling pathway of the cell cycle. Cell cycle checkpoints related genes (CCCRGs) have potential utility in predicting survival, and response to immunotherapies and chemotherapies. To examine this, based on CCCRGs, we identified two lung adenocarcinoma subtypes, called cluster1 and cluster2, by consensus clustering. Enrichment analysis revealed significant discrepancies between the two subtypes in gene sets associated with cell cycle activation and tumor progression. In addition, based on Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression, we have developed and validated a cell cycle checkpoints-related risk signature to predict prognosis, tumour immune microenvironment: (TIME), immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses for lung adenocarcinoma patients. Results from calibration plot, decision curve analysis (DCA), and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) revealed that combining age, gender, pathological stages, and risk score in lung adenocarcinoma patients allowed for a more accurate and predictive nomogram. The area under curve for lung adenocarcinoma patients with 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival was: 0.74, 0.73, 0.75, and 0.81, respectively. Taken together, our proposed 4-CCCRG signature can serve as a clinically useful indicator to help predict patients outcomes, and could provide important guidance for immunotherapies and chemotherapies decision for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhike Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zetian Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Tang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shiqin Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wan
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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330
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Nano-enabled photosynthesis in tumours to activate lipid peroxidation for overcoming cancer resistances. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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331
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang J. Targeting thioredoxin reductase by micheliolide contributes to radiosensitizing and inducing apoptosis of HeLa cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 186:99-109. [PMID: 35561844 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a crucial strategy for the discovery of antineoplastic drugs and radiosensitizers. As an anticancer candidate derived from Michelia, micheliolide (MCL) is converted readily from parthenolide (PTL), and has better stability and solubility than PTL. However, the anticancer mechanism of MCL has not been fully dissected. We present here for the first time that MCL-targeted inhibition of TrxR not only promotes oxidative stress-mediated HeLa cell apoptosis but also sensitizes ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that MCL covalently binds to Sec at position 498 of TrxR to restrain the biological function of TrxR. It exhibits the inhibition of TrxR activity, enhancement of oxidized Trx, and sensitization of IR in the cellular environment, accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the collapse of the intracellular redox balance. In addition, HeLa-shTrxR1 cells with knockdown of TrxR were more sensitive than the HeLa-shNT cells to either MCL-treated or IR-induced cytotoxicity, ROS, and apoptosis, suggesting that inhibition of TrxR by MCL is likely responsible for increased cytotoxicity and enhanced radiation response. These findings further establish the mechanistic understanding and preclinical data to support the further investigation of MCL's potential as a prospective radiosensitizer and cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaxiong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & CAS Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, And Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, And College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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332
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Talele S, Zhang W, Oh JH, Burgenske DM, Mladek AC, Dragojevic S, Sarkaria JN, Elmquist WF. Central Nervous System Delivery of the Catalytic Subunit of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor Peposertib as Radiosensitizer for Brain Metastases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:217-228. [PMID: 35370138 PMCID: PMC9190234 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) used for the treatment of brain metastases results from DNA damage within cancer cells. Cells rely on highly evolved DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to repair the damage caused by these treatments. Inhibiting these repair pathways can further sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy and RT. The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase, in a complex with Ku80 and Ku70, is a pivotal regulator of the DDR, and peposertib is a potent inhibitor of this catalytic subunit. The characterization of central nervous system (CNS) distributional kinetics of peposertib is critical in establishing a therapeutic index in the setting of brain metastases. Our studies demonstrate that the delivery of peposertib is severely restricted into the CNS as opposed to peripheral organs, by active efflux at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Peposertib has a low free fraction in the brain and spinal cord, further reducing the active concentration, and distributes to the same degree within different anatomic regions of the brain. However, peposertib is heterogeneously distributed within the metastatic tumor, where its concentration is highest within the tumor core (with disrupted BBB) and substantially lower within the invasive tumor rim (with a relatively intact BBB) and surrounding normal brain. These findings are critical in guiding the potential clinical deployment of peposertib as a radiosensitizing agent for the safe and effective treatment of brain metastases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Effective radiosensitization of brain metastases while avoiding toxicity to the surrounding brain is critical in the development of novel radiosensitizers. The central nervous system distribution of peposertib, a potent catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, is restricted by active efflux in the normal blood-brain barrier (BBB) but can reach significant concentrations in the tumor core. This finding suggests that peposertib may be an effective radiosensitizer for intracranial tumors with an open BBB, while limited distribution into normal brain will decrease the risk of enhanced radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
| | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
| | - Danielle M Burgenske
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
| | - Sonja Dragojevic
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (S.T., W.Z., J.-H.O., W.F.E.) and Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (D.M.B., A.C.M., S.D., J.N.S.)
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333
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Ge F, Li Y, Yuan T, Wu Y, He Q, Yang B, Zhu H. Deubiquitinating enzymes: promising targets for drug resistance. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2603-2613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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334
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Mirzaei H, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in the development and treatment of brain tumors. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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335
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Chughtai AA, Pannhausen J, Dinger P, Wirtz J, Knüchel R, Gaisa NT, Eble MJ, Rose M. Effective Radiosensitization of Bladder Cancer Cells by Pharmacological Inhibition of DNA-PK and ATR. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061277. [PMID: 35740300 PMCID: PMC9220184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at analyzing the impact of the pharmacological inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) targets (DNA-PK and ATR) on radiosensitization of bladder cancer cell lines of different molecular/histological subtypes. Applying DNA-PK (AZD7648) and ATR (Ceralasertib) inhibitors on SCaBER, J82 and VMCUB-1 bladder cancer cell lines, we revealed sensitization upon ionizing radiation (IR), i.e., the IC50 for each drug shifted to a lower drug concentration with increased IR doses. In line with this, drug exposure retarded DNA repair after IR-induced DNA damage visualized by a neutral comet assay. Western blot analyses confirmed specific inhibition of targeted DDR pathways in the analyzed bladder cancer cell lines, i.e., drugs blocked DNA-PK phosphorylation at Ser2056 and the ATR downstream mediator CHK1 at Ser317. Interestingly, clonogenic survival assays indicated a cell-line-dependent synergism of combined DDR inhibition upon IR. Calculating combined index (CI) values, with and without IR, according to the Chou–Talalay method, confirmed drug- and IR-dose-specific synergistic CI values. Thus, we provide functional evidence that DNA-PK and ATR inhibitors specifically target corresponding DDR pathways retarding the DNA repair process at nano-molar concentrations. This, in turn, leads to a strong radiosensitizing effect and impairs the survival of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Chughtai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.A.C.); (M.R.); Tel.: +49-241-8036863 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8089715 (M.R.); Fax: +49-241-8082425 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8082439 (M.R.)
| | - Julia Pannhausen
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia Dinger
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Wirtz
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruth Knüchel
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine T. Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Eble
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.P.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (R.K.); (N.T.G.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.C.); (M.R.); Tel.: +49-241-8036863 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8089715 (M.R.); Fax: +49-241-8082425 (A.A.C.); +49-241-8082439 (M.R.)
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336
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Lin J, Yin M, Liu X, Meng F, Luo L. Nanomaterials Based on Functional Polymers for Sensitizing Cancer Radiotherapy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200194. [PMID: 35578790 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the mainstay treatment for many types of cancer in clinic, radiotherapy is undertaking great challenges in overcoming a series of limitations. Radiosensitizers are promising agents capable of depositing irradiation energy and generating free radicals to enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Combining radiosensitizers with functional polymer-based nanomaterials holds great potential to improve biodistribution, circulation time, and stability in vivo. The derived polymeric nano-radiosensitizers can significantly improve the efficiency of tumor targeting and radiotherapy, and reduce the side effect to healthy tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of functional polymer-based nanomaterials for radiosensitization in recent years. Particular emphases are given to the action mechanisms, drug loading methods, targeting efficiencies, the impact on therapeutic effects and biocompatibility of various radiosensitizing polymers, which are classified as polymeric micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanospheres, nanoscale coordination polymers, polymersomes, and nanogels. The challenges and outlooks of polymeric nano-radiosensitizers are also discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingming Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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337
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Xie B, Luo A. Nucleic Acid Sensing Pathways in DNA Repair Targeted Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903781. [PMID: 35557952 PMCID: PMC9089908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage is a complex process, which helps to maintain genome fidelity, and the ability of cancer cells to repair therapeutically DNA damage induced by clinical treatments will affect the therapeutic efficacy. In the past decade, great success has been achieved by targeting the DNA repair network in tumors. Recent studies suggest that DNA damage impacts cellular innate and adaptive immune responses through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, which play essential roles in the efficacy of DNA repair targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of innate immune response triggered by DNA damage through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, including DNA sensing via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex (MRN) complex, and RNA sensing via the TLR3/7/8 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs). Furthermore, we will focus on the recent developments in the impacts of nucleic acid-sensing pathways on the DNA damage response (DDR). Elucidating the DDR-immune response interplay will be critical to harness immunomodulatory effects to improve the efficacy of antitumor immunity therapeutic strategies and build future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingteng Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
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338
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MRNIP condensates promote DNA double-strand break sensing and end resection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2638. [PMID: 35551189 PMCID: PMC9098523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid recognition of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex is critical for the initiation of DNA damage response and DSB end resection. Here, we show that MRN complex interacting protein (MRNIP) forms liquid-like condensates to promote homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair. The intrinsically disordered region is essential for MRNIP condensate formation. Mechanically, the MRN complex is compartmentalized and concentrated into MRNIP condensates in the nucleus. After DSB formation, MRNIP condensates move to the damaged DNA rapidly to accelerate the binding of DSB by the concentrated MRN complex, therefore inducing the autophosphorylation of ATM and subsequent activation of DNA damage response signaling. Meanwhile, MRNIP condensates-enhanced MRN complex loading further promotes DSB end resection. In addition, data from xenograft models and clinical samples confirm a correlation between MRNIP and radioresistance. Together, these results reveal an important role of MRNIP phase separation in DSB response and the MRN complex-mediated DSB end resection. The MRN complex is a critical sensor and processor of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, the authors show that MRNIP forms liquid-like condensates to accelerate the MRN-mediated sensing and end resection of DSB, thereby promoting DSB repair.
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339
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Sala L, Lyshchuk H, Šáchová J, Chvátil D, Kočišek J. Different Mechanisms of DNA Radiosensitization by 8-Bromoadenosine and 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine Observed on DNA Origami Nanoframe Supports. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3922-3928. [PMID: 35472278 PMCID: PMC9083549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami nanoframes with two parallel DNA sequences are used to evaluate the effect of nucleoside substituents on radiation-induced DNA damage. Double strand breaks (DSB) of DNA are counted using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and total number of lesions is evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Enhanced AT or GC content does not increase the number of DNA strand breaks. Incorporation of 8-bromoadenosine results in the highest enhancement in total number of lesions; however, the highest enhancement in DSB is observed for 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine, indicating different mechanisms of radiosensitization by nucleoside analogues with the halogen substituent on base or sugar moieties, respectively. "Bystander" effects are observed, when the number of DSB in a sequence is enhanced by a substituent in the parallel DNA sequence. The present approach eliminates limitations of previously developed methods and motivates detailed studies of poorly understood conformation or bystander effects in radiation induced damage to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sala
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hlib Lyshchuk
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šáchová
- Laboratory
of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute
of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Chvátil
- Nuclear
Physics Institute of the CAS, Řež 130, 250 68 Řež, Czech
Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of CAS, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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340
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Tiek D, Cheng SY. DNA damage and metabolic mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:368-379. [PMID: 35800362 PMCID: PMC9255237 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance is one of the main barriers to overcome to ensure durable treatment responses. While many pivotal advances have been made in first combination therapies, then targeted therapies, and now broadening out to immunomodulatory drugs or metabolic targeting compounds, drug resistance is still ultimately universally fatal. In this brief review, we will discuss different strategies that have been used to fight drug resistance from synthetic lethality to tumor microenvironment modulation, focusing on the DNA damage response and tumor metabolism both within tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. In this way, with a better understanding of both targetable mutations in combination with the metabolism, smarter drugs may be designed to combat cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Tiek
- Correspondence to: Deanna Tiek, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Shi-Yuan Cheng, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail:
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Correspondence to: Deanna Tiek, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Shi-Yuan Cheng, The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Simpson Querry Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. E-mail:
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341
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Radiation-induced non-targeted effect of immunity provoked by mitochondrial DNA damage triggered cGAS/ AIM2 pathways. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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342
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Adhikari S, Bhattacharya A, Adhikary S, Singh V, Gadad S, Roy S, Das C. The paradigm of drug resistance in cancer: an epigenetic perspective. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20211812. [PMID: 35438143 PMCID: PMC9069444 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and acquired resistance towards the conventional therapeutic regimen imposes a significant challenge for the successful management of cancer for decades. In patients with advanced carcinomas, acquisition of drug resistance often leads to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis after the first therapeutic cycle. In this context, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the prime drivers of therapy resistance in cancer due to their 'non-targetable' nature. Drug resistance in cancer is immensely influenced by different properties of CSCs such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a profound expression of drug efflux pump genes, detoxification genes, quiescence, and evasion of apoptosis, has been highlighted in this review article. The crucial epigenetic alterations that are intricately associated with regulating different mechanisms of drug resistance, have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, special attention is drawn towards the epigenetic mechanisms behind the interaction between the cancer cells and their microenvironment which assists in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Finally, we have provided a cumulative overview of the alternative treatment strategies and epigenome-modifying therapies that show the potential of sensitizing the resistant cells towards the conventional treatment strategies. Thus, this review summarizes the epigenetic and molecular background behind therapy resistance, the prime hindrance of present day anti-cancer therapies, and provides an account of the novel complementary epi-drug-based therapeutic strategies to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Apoorva Bhattacharya
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Santanu Adhikary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, U.S.A
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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343
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Fischer T, Hartmann O, Reissland M, Prieto-Garcia C, Klann K, Pahor N, Schülein-Völk C, Baluapuri A, Polat B, Abazari A, Gerhard-Hartmann E, Kopp HG, Essmann F, Rosenfeldt M, Münch C, Flentje M, Diefenbacher ME. PTEN mutant non-small cell lung cancer require ATM to suppress pro-apoptotic signalling and evade radiotherapy. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:50. [PMID: 35477555 PMCID: PMC9044846 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advances in treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, carriers of certain genetic alterations are prone to failure. One such factor frequently mutated, is the tumor suppressor PTEN. These tumors are supposed to be more resistant to radiation, chemo- and immunotherapy. Results We demonstrate that loss of PTEN led to altered expression of transcriptional programs which directly regulate therapy resistance, resulting in establishment of radiation resistance. While PTEN-deficient tumor cells were not dependent on DNA-PK for IR resistance nor activated ATR during IR, they showed a significant dependence for the DNA damage kinase ATM. Pharmacologic inhibition of ATM, via KU-60019 and AZD1390 at non-toxic doses, restored and even synergized with IR in PTEN-deficient human and murine NSCLC cells as well in a multicellular organotypic ex vivo tumor model. Conclusion PTEN tumors are addicted to ATM to detect and repair radiation induced DNA damage. This creates an exploitable bottleneck. At least in cellulo and ex vivo we show that low concentration of ATM inhibitor is able to synergise with IR to treat PTEN-deficient tumors in genetically well-defined IR resistant lung cancer models.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00778-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Reissland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Prieto-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Klann
- Protein Quality Control Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nikolett Pahor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Apoorva Baluapuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Systems Biology Group, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arya Abazari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Gerhard-Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Essmann
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathias Rosenfeldt
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Protein Quality Control Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus E Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Würzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany. .,Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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344
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DNA Damage Response Inhibitors in Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Progress and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091463. [PMID: 35563769 PMCID: PMC9101358 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a poorly treatable type of cancer and its incidence is dramatically increasing. The lack of understanding of the biology of this tumor has slowed down the identification of novel targets and the development of effective treatments. Based on next generation sequencing profiling, alterations in DNA damage response (DDR)-related genes are paving the way for DDR-targeting strategies in CCA. Based on the notion of synthetic lethality, several DDR-inhibitors (DDRi) have been developed with the aim of accumulating enough DNA damage to induce cell death in tumor cells. Observing that DDRi alone could be insufficient for clinical use in CCA patients, the combination of DNA-damaging regimens with targeted approaches has started to be considered, as evidenced by many emerging clinical trials. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies combining DDRi with patient-specific targeted drugs could be the next level for treating cholangiocarcinoma.
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Dalmasso B, Puccini A, Catalano F, Borea R, Iaia ML, Bruno W, Fornarini G, Sciallero S, Rebuzzi SE, Ghiorzo P. Beyond BRCA: The Emerging Significance of DNA Damage Response and Personalized Treatment in Pancreatic and Prostate Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094709. [PMID: 35563100 PMCID: PMC9099822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRCA1/2 germline and/or somatic pathogenic variants (PVs) are key players in the hereditary predisposition and therapeutic response for breast, ovarian and, more recently, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Aberrations in other genes involved in homologous recombination and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are being investigated as promising targets in ongoing clinical trials. However, DDR genes are not routinely tested worldwide. Due to heterogeneity in cohort selection and dissimilar sequencing approaches across studies, neither the burden of PVs in DDR genes nor the prevalence of PVs in genes in common among pancreatic and prostate cancer can be easily quantified. We aim to contextualize these genes, altered in both pancreatic and prostate cancers, in the DDR process, to summarize their hereditary and somatic burden in different studies and harness their deficiency for cancer treatments in the context of currently ongoing clinical trials. We conclude that the inclusion of DDR genes, other than BRCA1/2, shared by both cancers considerably increases the detection rate of potentially actionable variants, which are triplicated in pancreatic and almost doubled in prostate cancer. Thus, DDR alterations are suitable targets for drug development and to improve the outcome in both pancreatic and prostate cancer patients. Importantly, this will increase the detection of germline pathogenic variants, thereby patient referral to genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.D.); (W.B.)
| | - Alberto Puccini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology Unit 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (M.L.I.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Fabio Catalano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology Unit 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (M.L.I.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Roberto Borea
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology Unit 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (M.L.I.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Laura Iaia
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology Unit 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (M.L.I.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - William Bruno
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.D.); (W.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fornarini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology Unit 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (M.L.I.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Sciallero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology Unit 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (M.L.I.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Elena Rebuzzi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Ospedale San Paolo, Medical Oncology, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.D.); (W.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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346
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Nogueira-Pedro A, Segreto HRC, Held KD, Ferreira Junior AFG, Dias CC, Hastreiter AA, Makiyama EN, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Borelli P, Fock RA. Direct ionizing radiation and bystander effect in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-11. [PMID: 35394402 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2063960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the radiation-induced direct and bystander (BYS) responses of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to characterize these cells radiobiologically.Methods and materials: MSCs were irradiated (IR) and parameters related to DNA damage and cellular signaling were verified in a dose range from 0.5 to 15 Gy; also a transwell insert co-culture system was used to study medium-mediated BYS effects.Results: The main effects on directly IR cells were seen at doses higher than 6 Gy: induction of cell death, cell cycle arrest, upregulation of p21, and alteration of redox status. Irrespective of a specific dose, induction of micronuclei formation, H2AX phosphorylation, and decreased Akt expression also occurred. Thus, mTOR expression, cell senescence, nitric oxide generation, and calcium levels, in general were not significantly modulated by radiation. Data from the linear-quadratic model showed a high alpha/beta ratio, which is consistent with a more exponential survival curve. BYS effects from the unirradiated MSCs placed into companion wells with the directly IR cells, were not observed.Conclusions: The results can be interpreted as a positive outcome, meaning that the radiation damage is restricted to the directed IR MSCs not leading to off-target cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nogueira-Pedro
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Regina Comodo Segreto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn D Held
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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347
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Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094596. [PMID: 35562986 PMCID: PMC9100490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA response, formation of an inducible network of signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. The presence of an inducible receptor and secretory phenotype in many cells is the cause of tissue pro-inflammatory stress. The key phenomenon determining the occurrence of a classical inflammatory focus is the microvascular inflammatory response (exudation, leukocyte migration to the alteration zone). This same reaction at the systemic level leads to the development of life-critical systemic inflammation. From this standpoint, we can characterize the common mechanisms of pathologies that differ in their clinical appearance. The division of inflammation into alternative variants has deep evolutionary roots. Evolutionary aspects of inflammation are also described in the review. The aim of the review is to provide theoretical arguments for the need for an up-to-date theory of the relationship between key human pathological processes based on the integrative role of the molecular mechanisms of cellular and tissue pro-inflammatory stress.
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348
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Schnöller LE, Albrecht V, Brix N, Nieto AE, Fleischmann DF, Niyazi M, Hess J, Belka C, Unger K, Lauber K, Orth M. Integrative analysis of therapy resistance and transcriptomic profiling data in glioblastoma cells identifies sensitization vulnerabilities for combined modality radiochemotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:79. [PMID: 35440003 PMCID: PMC9020080 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inherent resistance to radio/chemotherapy is one of the major reasons for early recurrence, treatment failure, and dismal prognosis of glioblastoma. Thus, the identification of resistance driving regulators as prognostic and/or predictive markers as well as potential vulnerabilities for combined modality treatment approaches is of pivotal importance. Methods We performed an integrative analysis of treatment resistance and DNA damage response regulator expression in a panel of human glioblastoma cell lines. mRNA expression levels of 38 DNA damage response regulators were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Inherent resistance to radiotherapy (single-shot and fractionated mode) and/or temozolomide treatment was assessed by clonogenic survival assays. Resistance scores were extracted by dimensionality reduction and subjected to correlation analyses with the mRNA expression data. Top-hit candidates with positive correlation coefficients were validated by pharmacological inhibition in clonogenic survival assays and DNA repair analyses via residual γH2AX/53BP1-foci staining. Results Inherent resistance to single-shot and similarly also to fractionated radiotherapy showed strong positive correlations with mRNA expression levels of known vulnerabilities of GBM, including PARP1, NBN, and BLM, as well as ATR and LIG4—two so far underestimated targets. Inhibition of ATR by AZD-6738 resulted in robust and dose-dependent radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells, whereas LIG4 inhibition by L189 had no noticeable impact. Resistance against temozolomide showed strong positive correlation with mRNA expression levels of MGMT as to be expected. Interestingly, it also correlated with mRNA expression levels of ATM, suggesting a potential role of ATM in the context of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells. ATM inhibition exhibited slight sensitization effects towards temozolomide treatment in MGMT low expressing glioblastoma cells, thus encouraging further characterization. Conclusions Here, we describe a systematic approach integrating clonogenic survival data with mRNA expression data of DNA damage response regulators in human glioblastoma cell lines to identify markers of inherent therapy resistance and potential vulnerabilities for targeted sensitization. Our results provide proof-of-concept for the feasibility of this approach, including its limitations. We consider this strategy to be adaptable to other cancer entities as well as other molecular data qualities, and its upscaling potential in terms of model systems and observational data levels deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Emanuel Schnöller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Albrecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Edward Nieto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Felix Fleischmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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349
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Kang M, Pandit N, Kim AY, Cho SJ, Kwon YJ, Ahn J, Lee KM, Wu S, Oh JS, Jung KY, Kim JS. PCW-1001, a Novel Pyrazole Derivative, Exerts Antitumor and Radio-Sensitizing Activities in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835833. [PMID: 35425705 PMCID: PMC9002139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As pyrazole and its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activity, the design of novel pyrazole derivatives has emerged as an important research field. This study describes a novel pyrazole derivative that exerts antitumor and radiosensitizing activities in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. We synthesized a novel pyrazole compound N,N-dimethyl-N’-(3-(1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl)azanesulfonamide (PCW-1001) and showed that it inhibited several oncogenic properties of breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. PCW-1001 induced apoptosis in several breast cancer cell lines. Transcriptome analysis of PCW-1001-treated cells showed that it regulates genes involved in the DNA damage response, suggesting its potential use in radiotherapy. Indeed, PCW-1001 enhanced the radiation sensitivity of breast cancer cells by modulating the expression of DNA damage response genes. Therefore, our data describe a novel pyrazole compound, PCW-1001, with antitumor and radiosensitizer activities in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Kang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Navin Pandit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Joon Cho
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Ju Kwon
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Myung Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sangwook Wu
- Research & Development (R&D) Center, Pharmcadd, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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350
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Li S, Huang H, Xing M, Qin J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang C, Tian Z, Gao X, Zhao R, Mao A. Carbon Ion Induces Cell Death and G2/M Arrest Through pRb/E2F1Chk2/Cdc2 Signaling Pathway in X-ray Resistant B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221092364. [PMID: 35431695 PMCID: PMC9005744 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221092364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of high-LET carbon ion (C-ion) radiation on malignant melanoma, we systematically compared the radiobiological effects of C-ion with that of X-rays in B16F10 melanoma cells. Results showed that C-ion radiation statistically inhibited clonogenic survival capacity of B16F10 melanoma cells. The RBE was 3.7 at D10 levels, meaning 1.0 Gy C-ion should cause the same biological effect as ≥ 3.0 Gy X-rays. In addition, we also observed a stronger proliferation-inhibiting and higher ratio of cell apoptosis and necrosis in B16F10 cells treated with C-ion than X-rays. Moreover, C-ion radiation exhibited stronger and long-lasting G2/M arrest than X-rays. As an underlying mechanism, we speculated that C-ion radiation-induced G2/M block through activating pRb/E2F1/Chk2 pathway. With these results, we highlighted the potential of C-ion in treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Further, in vitro experiments as well as clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the effect of carbon ion radiotherapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hefa Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Xing
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China
- School of Biological& Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongze Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingxin Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aihong Mao
- Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China
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