301
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Han KH, Tsuchihira H, Nakamura Y, Shimada KI, Ohba K, Aritsuka T, Uchino H, Kikuchi H, Fukushima M. Inulin-type fructans with different degrees of polymerization improve lipid metabolism but not glucose metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet under energy restriction. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2177-86. [PMID: 23606109 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inulin-type fructan ameliorates metabolic diseases associated with obesity in animals. However, relatively little information is available on the comparative effects of inulins with different degree of polymerization (DP) on the lipid or glucose metabolism. AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of inulins with various DP on metabolic disorders associated with obesity in rats fed a high-fat diet under food restriction. METHODS Rats were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 5 % inulin-GR (Raftiline GR), inulin-Tokachi (Tokachi), or inulin-HP (Raftiline HP) without cellulose for 28 days at normal energy intakes or 14.5 % energy restriction. RESULTS Under food restriction, the dietary inulin-Tokachi (mean DP 15) and -HP (mean DP 24), but not -GR (mean DP 10), reduced (p < 0.05) the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and liver triglyceride concentration in rats, compared to the control diet. The cecal neutral steroid, bile acid, and propionate concentrations in the Tokachi and HP groups were higher (p < 0.05) than in the CONT group, and the cecal Bifidobacterium count in the Tokachi group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that, depending on DP, dietary supplementation with inulin (DP 15 or DP 24) in rats fed a high-fat diet, regardless of food intake, positively modulates lipid metabolism and fecal microbiota but not glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ho Han
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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302
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Okuro PK, Thomazini M, Balieiro JC, Liberal RD, Fávaro-Trindade CS. Co- encapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus with inulin or polydextrose in solid lipid microparticles provides protection and improves stability. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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303
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Myhre R, Brantsæter AL, Myking S, Eggesbø M, Meltzer HM, Haugen M, Jacobsson B. Intakes of garlic and dried fruits are associated with lower risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. J Nutr 2013; 143:1100-8. [PMID: 23700347 PMCID: PMC3681545 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.173229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found associations between microbial infections during pregnancy and preterm delivery (PTD). We investigated the influence of food with antimicrobial and prebiotic components on the risk of spontaneous PTD. A literature search identified microbes associated with spontaneous PTD. Subsequently, 2 main food types (alliums and dried fruits) were identified to contain antimicrobial components that affect the microbes associated with spontaneous PTD; they also contained dietary fibers recognized as prebiotics. We investigated intake in 18,888 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa), of whom 950 (5%) underwent spontaneous PTD (<37 gestational weeks). Alliums (garlic, onion, leek, and spring onion) [OR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.94), P = 0.005] and dried fruits (raisins, apricots, prunes, figs, and dates) [OR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.94); P = 0.005] were associated with a decreased risk of spontaneous PTD. Intake of alliums was related to a more pronounced risk reduction in early spontaneous PTD (gestational weeks 28-31) [OR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.80)]. The strongest association in this group was with garlic [OR: 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25-0.89)], followed by cooked onions. Intake of dried fruits showed an association with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) [OR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.95)]; the strongest association in this group was with raisins [OR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.92)]. The strongest association with PPROM in the allium group was with garlic [OR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.97)]. In conclusion, intake of food with antimicrobial and prebiotic compounds may be of importance to reduce the risk of spontaneous PTD. In particular, garlic was associated with overall lower risk of spontaneous PTD. Dried fruits, especially raisins, were associated with reduced risk of PPROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Myhre
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Solveig Myking
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Department of Exposure and Risk Assessment, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Perinatal Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
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304
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Ramasamy US, Gruppen H, Schols HA. Structural and water-holding characteristics of untreated and ensiled chicory root pulp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6077-85. [PMID: 23725019 DOI: 10.1021/jf401621h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs) from chicory root pulp (CRP) and the effect of ensiling on CWP structure to reduce the water-holding capacity (WHC) were studied. Sequential extractions of CRP showed that hot water extraction solubilized arabinan-rich pectin and inulin, each representing 6% of all CRP sugars. A significant amount of pectic sugars (46%) rich in uronic acid from CRP was solubilized by chelating agents. Both dilute alkali extraction, which solubilized branched pectin (14% from CRP), and concentrated alkali extraction, which solubilized hemicellulose dominant in xyloglucans (2.5%) mostly of the XXXG type and mannan (0.9%), from CRP CWPs seemed to influence the WHC of CRP. Alkali-insoluble residue (39% of CRP sugars) mainly comprised cellulose and some branched pectin (17% from CRP). Ensiling reduced the methyl esterification of pectin, caused degradation of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan, and possibly modified the xyloglucan, mannan, and glucan network, reducing the WHC from 6 mL/g to 3.4 mL/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara S Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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305
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Ruiz Y, Klotz B, Serrato J, Guio F, Bohórquez J, Sánchez OF. Use of spent osmotic solutions for the production of fructooligosaccharides by Aspergillus oryzae N74. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2013; 20:365-72. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013213488611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the food industry, osmotic dehydration can be an important stage to obtain partially dry foodstuffs. However, the remaining spent osmotic solution at the end of the process could become a waste with an important environmental impact due to the large amount of organic compounds that it might contain. Since one of the most important osmotic agents used in osmotic dehydration is sucrose, this spent osmotic solution could be used to be biotransformed to produce fructooligosaccharides by a fructosyltransferase. This study evaluated the production of fructooligosaccharides using the fructosyltransferase produced by Aspergillus oryzae N74, and the spent osmotic solution that resulted in the osmotic dehydration of Andes berry ( Rubus glaucus) and tamarillo ( Cyphomandra betacea). Assays were conducted at small and bioreactor scales, using spent osmotic solution with or without re-concentration. At small scale no significant difference ( p > 0.05) was observed in the fructooligosaccharides production yield, ranging from 31.18% to 34.98% for spent osmotic solution from tamarillo osmotic dehydration, and from 33.16% to 37.52% for spent osmotic solution from Andes berry osmotic dehydration, using either the SOS with or without re-concentration. At bioreactor scale the highest fructooligosaccharides yield of 58.51 ± 1.73% was obtained with spent osmotic solution that resulted from tamarillo osmotic dehydration. With the spent osmotic solution from Andes berry osmotic dehydration the yield was 49.17 ± 2.82%. These results showed the feasibility of producing fructooligosaccharides from spent osmotic solution that is considered a waste in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Ruiz
- Agroindustrial Process Engineering Program, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | - Bernadette Klotz
- Departamento de Innovación &Marketing, Instituto Alpina de Investigación, Sopo, Colombia
| | - Juan Serrato
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guio
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Bohórquez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar F Sánchez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Pharmacy Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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306
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Alvarez MD, Olivares MD, Blanch M, Canet W. Mashed potatoes enriched with soy protein isolate and inulin: chemical, rheological and structural basis. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2013; 19:447-60. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013212455347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soy protein isolate is typical vegetable protein with health-enhancing activities. Inulin, a prebiotic no digestible carbohydrate, has functional properties. A mashed potato serving of 200 g with added soy protein isolate and/or inulin concentrations of 15–60 g/kg provides from 3 to 12 g of soy protein isolate and/or inulin, respectively. Currently, no information is available about the possible texture-modifying effect of this non-ionizable polar carbohydrate in different soy-based food systems. In this study, the effect of the addition of soy protein isolate and inulin blends at different soy protein isolate: inulin ratios on the degree of inulin polymerization and the rheological and structural properties of fresh mashed and frozen/thawed mashed potatoes were evaluated. The inulin chemical structure remained intact throughout the various treatments, and soy protein isolate did not affect inulin composition being a protein compatible with this fructan. Small-strain rheology showed that both ingredients behaved like soft fillers. In the frozen/thawed mashed potatoes samples, addition of 30 : 30 and 15 : 60 blend ratios significantly increased elasticity ( G′ value) compared with 0 : 0 control, consequently reducing the freeze/thaw stability conferred by the cryoprotectants. Inulin crystallites caused a significant strengthening effect on soy protein isolate gel. Micrographs revealed that soy protein isolate supports the inulin structure by building up a second fine-stranded network. Thereby, possibility of using soy protein isolate and inulin in combination with mashed potatoes to provide a highly nutritious and healthy product is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- MD Alvarez
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - MD Olivares
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Blanch
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - W Canet
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Food Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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307
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van Kempen SE, Boeriu CG, Schols HA, de Waard P, van der Linden E, Sagis LM. Novel surface-active oligofructose fatty acid mono-esters by enzymatic esterification. Food Chem 2013; 138:1884-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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308
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Fritzen-Freire CB, Prudêncio ES, Pinto SS, Muñoz IB, Müller CM, Vieira CR, Amboni RD. Effect of the application of Bifidobacterium BB-12 microencapsulated by spray drying with prebiotics on the properties of ricotta cream. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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309
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Ziobro R, Korus J, Juszczak L, Witczak T. Influence of inulin on physical characteristics and staling rate of gluten-free bread. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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310
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311
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Major cereal grain fibers and psyllium in relation to cardiovascular health. Nutrients 2013; 5:1471-87. [PMID: 23628720 PMCID: PMC3708330 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies reveal the cardiovascular benefits of consuming dietary fiber and, especially, cereal fiber. Cereal fiber is associated with cardiovascular risk reduction through multiple mechanisms and consuming a variety of cereal fiber sources offers health benefits specific to the source. Certain cereal fibers have been studied more extensively than others and provide greater support for their incorporation into a healthful diet. β-glucan from oats or barley, or a combination of whole oats and barley, and soluble fiber from psyllium reduces the risk of coronary heart disease; inulin-type fructans added to foods and beverages may modestly decrease serum triacylglycerols; arabinoxylan and resistant starch may improve glycemic control. Individuals with low cereal fiber intake should increase their intake of whole grains in order to receive the benefits of whole grains in addition to fiber. For those adjusting to the texture and palatability of whole grains, turning to added-fiber products rich in β-glucan and psyllium may allow them to reach their fiber goals without increasing caloric intake.
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312
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Arango O, Trujillo A, Castillo M. Influence of fat replacement by inulin on rheological properties, kinetics of rennet milk coagulation, and syneresis of milk gels. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1984-1996. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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313
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Guardeño L, Puig A, Hernando I, Quiles A. Effect of Different Corn Starches on Microstructural, Physical and Sensory Properties of Gluten-Free White Sauces Formulated with Soy Protein and Inulin. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.M. Guardeño
- Grupo de Microestructura y Química de Alimentos; Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - A. Puig
- Grupo de Microestructura y Química de Alimentos; Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - I. Hernando
- Grupo de Microestructura y Química de Alimentos; Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - A. Quiles
- Grupo de Microestructura y Química de Alimentos; Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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314
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de Almeida Gualtieri K, Losi Guembarovski R, Oda JMM, Fiori-Lopes L, Ketelut Carneiro N, de Castro VD, Soni Neto J, Watanabe MAE. Inulin: therapeutic potential, prebiotic properties and immunological aspects. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2011.640993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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315
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316
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Dietary fiber, fructooligosaccharides, and physicochemical properties of homogenized aqueous suspensions of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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317
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Di Bartolomeo F, Startek JB, Van den Ende W. Prebiotics to fight diseases: reality or fiction? Phytother Res 2012; 27:1457-73. [PMID: 23280537 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria living in the gastrointestinal tract are crucial for human health and disease occurrence. Increasing the beneficial intestinal microflora by consumption of prebiotics, which are 'functional foods', could be an elegant way to limit the number and incidence of disorders and to recover from dysbiosis or antibiotic treatments. This review focuses on the short-chain low-digestible carbohydrates (LDCs) which are metabolized by gut microbiota serving as energy source, immune system enhancers or facilitators of mineral uptake. Intake of foods containing LDCs can improve the state of health and may prevent diseases as for example certain forms of cancer. Given the large number of different molecules belonging to LDCs, we focused our attention on fructans (inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides), galacto-oligosaccharides and resistant starches and their therapeutic and protective applications. Evidence is accumulating that LDCs can inhibit bacterial and viral infections by modulating host defense responses and by changing the interactions between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Animal studies and studies on small groups of human subjects suggest that LDCs might help to counteract colorectal cancer, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The action mechanisms of LDCs in the human body might be broader than originally thought, perhaps also including reactive oxygen species scavenging and signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Di Bartolomeo
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; University of the Studies of Molise - Department of Agriculture Food and Environment (D.A.A.A.) - Terzo edificio polifunzionale, Via de Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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318
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Martinez RCR, Cardarelli HR, Borst W, Albrecht S, Schols H, Gutiérrez OP, Maathuis AJH, de Melo Franco BDG, De Martinis ECP, Zoetendal EG, Venema K, Saad SMI, Smidt H. Effect of galactooligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12 on growth of Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698, microbial community structure, and metabolite production in an in vitro colonic model set up with human or pig microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 84:110-23. [PMID: 23167835 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A validated in vitro model of the large intestine (TIM-2), set up with human or pig faeces, was used to evaluate the impact of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698, administered alone (i), in the presence of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) (ii), and co-administered with probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12 (Bb-12) (iii) on GOS degradation, microbial growth (L. amylovorus, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and total bacteria) and metabolite production. High performance anion exchange chromatography revealed that GOS degradation was more pronounced in TIM-2 inoculated with pig faeces than with human faeces. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes detected a more complex Lactobacillus spp. community in pig faecal material than in human faecal inoculum. According to 16S rRNA gene-targeted qPCR, GOS stimulated the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in faecal material from both materials. The cumulative production of short chain fatty acids and ammonia was higher (P < 0.05) for pig than for human faeces. However, lactate accumulation was higher (P < 0.05) in the human model and increased after co-administration with GOS and Bb-12. This study reinforced the notion that differences in microbiota composition between target host organisms need to be considered when animal data are extrapolated to human, as is often done with pre- and probiotic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C R Martinez
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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319
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Harrold JA, Hughes GM, O'Shiel K, Quinn E, Boyland EJ, Williams NJ, Halford JCG. Acute effects of a herb extract formulation and inulin fibre on appetite, energy intake and food choice. Appetite 2012. [PMID: 23207186 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of two commercially available products, a patented herb extract Yerbe Maté, Guarana and Damiana (YGD) formulation and an inulin-based soluble fermentable fibre (SFF), alone or in combination, on appetite and food intake were studied for the first time in a double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. 58 normal to slightly overweight women consumed a fixed-load breakfast followed 4h later by an ad libitum lunch. They were administered YGD (3 tablets) and SFF (5g in 100ml water), YGD and water (100ml), SFF and placebo (3 tablets) or water and placebo 15min before meals. Appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales, and energy intake was measured at lunch. Significant reductions in food intake and energy intake were observed when YGD was present (59.5g, 16.3%; 112.4kcal, 17.3%) and when SFF was present (31.9g, 9.1%; 80kcal, 11.7%) compared with conditions were products were absent. The lowest intake (gram and kcal) was in the YGD+SFF condition. Significant reductions in AUC hunger and AUC desire to eat were also observed after YGD+SFF combination. The data demonstrate that YGD produces a robust short-term effect on caloric intake, an effect augmented by SFF. Caloric compensation for SFF indicates independent effects on appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Harrold
- Kissileff Laboratory for the Study of Human Ingestive Behaviour, Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
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320
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Scott KP, Gratz SW, Sheridan PO, Flint HJ, Duncan SH. The influence of diet on the gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2012; 69:52-60. [PMID: 23147033 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a major factor driving the composition and metabolism of the colonic microbiota. The amount, type and balance of the main dietary macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats) have a great impact on the large intestinal microbiota. The human colon contains a dense population of bacterial cells that outnumber host cells 10-fold. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are the three major phyla that inhabit the human large intestine and these bacteria possess a fascinating array of enzymes that can degrade complex dietary substrates. Certain colonic bacteria are able to metabolise a remarkable variety of substrates whilst other species carry out more specialised activities, including primary degradation of plant cell walls. Microbial metabolism of dietary carbohydrates results mainly in the formation of short chain fatty acids and gases. The major bacterial fermentation products are acetate, propionate and butyrate; and the production of these tends to lower the colonic pH. These weak acids influence the microbial composition and directly affect host health, with butyrate the preferred energy source for the colonocytes. Certain bacterial species in the colon survive by cross-feeding, using either the breakdown products of complex carbohydrate degradation or fermentation products such as lactic acid for growth. Microbial protein metabolism results in additional fermentation products, some of which are potentially harmful to host health. The current 'omic era promises rapid progress towards understanding how diet can be used to modulate the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota, allowing researchers to provide informed advice, that should improve long-term health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Scott
- Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.
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321
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Lee JB, Miyake S, Umetsu R, Hayashi K, Chijimatsu T, Hayashi T. Anti-influenza A virus effects of fructan from Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.). Food Chem 2012; 134:2164-8. [PMID: 23442670 PMCID: PMC7173106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A fructan that acts as an anti-influenza A virus substance was isolated from hot water extract of the green leafy part of a Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.). The structure of the fructan was characterised and elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. The fructan was composed of terminal (21.0%) and 2,1-linked β-D-Fruf residues (65.3%) with 1,6-linked β-D-Glcp residues (13.7%). The molecular weight of the polysaccharide and polydispersity was estimated to be 1.5×10(3) and 1.18, respectively. Although the fructan did not show anti-influenza A virus activity in vitro, it demonstrated an inhibitory effect on virus replication in vivo when it was orally administered to mice. In addition, the polysaccharide enhanced the production of neutralising antibodies against influenza A virus. Therefore, the antiviral mechanism of the polysaccharide seemed to be dependent on the host immune system, i.e., enhancement of the host immune function was achieved by the administration of the polysaccharide. From our observations, the fructan from Welsh onions is suggested to be one of the active principles which exert an anti-influenza virus effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Bum Lee
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Bharti SK, Krishnan S, Kumar A, Rajak KK, Murari K, Bharti BK, Gupta AK. Antidiabetic activity and molecular docking of fructooligosaccharides produced by Aureobasidium pullulans in poloxamer-407-induced T2DM rats. Food Chem 2012; 136:813-21. [PMID: 23122132 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the beneficial effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) intake from Aureobasidium pullulans using poloxamer-407 (PX-407) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat. Administration of FOS enhanced enzymatic activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant reduction in fasting plasma triacylglycerol and very low-density lipoprotein level coupled with slight increase in fasting plasma insulin level was observed. Significant decrease in severe glucosuria, proteinuria, blood creatinine, urea and advanced glycation end products was also observed. Supplementation of FOS increased glucagon like peptide-1 content as well as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli populations in the caecum. Molecular docking by Gold and Glide software revealed that three sugar types present in the FOS (1-kestose, nystose, and 1-β-fructofuranosyl nystose) are potent dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists. This work indicates that FOS can be positioned as a nutraceutical product, beneficial in diabetes-associated metabolic abnormalities.
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323
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Feeding Jerusalem artichoke reduced skatole level and changed intestinal microbiota in the gut of entire male pigs. Animal 2012; 6:807-14. [PMID: 22558928 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Different levels of dried Jerusalem artichoke were fed to entire male pigs 1 week before slaughter. The objective was to investigate the effect on skatole level in the hindgut and in adipose tissue, as well as the effect on microflora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the hindgut. Five experimental groups (n = 11) were given different dietary treatments 7 days before slaughtering: negative control (basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 9% chicory-inulin), basal diet + 4.1% Jerusalem artichoke, basal diet + 8.1% Jerusalem artichoke and basal diet + 12.2% Jerusalem artichoke. Samples from colon, rectum, faeces and adipose tissue were collected. Effect of dietary treatment on skatole, indole and androstenone levels in adipose tissue and on skatole, indole, pH, dry matter (DM), microbiota and SCFA in the hindgut was evaluated. Feeding increasing levels of Jerusalem artichoke to entire male pigs reduced skatole in digesta from colon and in faeces (linear, P < 0.01). There was also a tendency towards a decreased level of skatole in adipose tissue (linear, P = 0.06). Feeding Jerusalem artichoke decreased DM content in colon and faeces and pH in colon (linear, P < 0.01). Increasing levels of Jerusalem artichoke resulted in a reduced level of Clostridium perfringens in both colon and rectum (linear, P < 0.05) and a tendency towards decreased levels of enterobacteria in colon (linear, P = 0.05). Further, there was an increase in total amount of SCFA (linear, P < 0.05), acetic acid (linear, P < 0.05) and valerianic acid (linear, P < 0.01) in faeces. In conclusion, adding dried Jerusalem artichoke to diets for entire male pigs 1 week before slaughter resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in skatole levels in the hindgut and adipose tissue. The reduced skatole levels might be related to the decrease in C. perfringens and the increase in SCFA with subsequent reduction in pH.
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324
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de Moura NA, Caetano BF, Sivieri K, Urbano LH, Cabello C, Rodrigues MA, Barbisan LF. Protective effects of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) intake on experimental colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2902-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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325
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to a combination of Lactobacillus helveticus CNCM I-1722, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CNCM I-3424, Bifidobacterium bifidum CNCM I 3426 and fructo oligosaccharides from sucrose a. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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326
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to non characterised micro-organisms (ID 2936, 2937, 2938, 2941, 2944, 2965, 2968, 2969, 3035, 3047, 3056, 3059, further assessment) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/200. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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327
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Guardeño LM, Hernando I, Llorca E, Hernández-Carrión M, Quiles A. Microstructural, Physical, and Sensory Impact of Starch, Inulin, and Soy Protein in Low-Fat Gluten and Lactose Free White Sauces. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C859-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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328
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Optimization of the main liming process for inulin crude extract from Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Front Chem Sci Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-012-1295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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329
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Beirão da Costa S, Duarte C, Bourbon AI, Pinheiro AC, Serra AT, Moldão Martins M, Nunes Januário MI, Vicente AA, Delgadillo I, Duarte C, Beirão da Costa ML. Effect of the matrix system in the delivery and in vitro bioactivity of microencapsulated Oregano essential oil. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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330
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Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of structurally diverse unconjugated glycans that are highly abundant in and unique to human milk. Originally, HMOs were discovered as a prebiotic "bifidus factor" that serves as a metabolic substrate for desired bacteria and shapes an intestinal microbiota composition with health benefits for the breast-fed neonate. Today, HMOs are known to be more than just "food for bugs". An accumulating body of evidence suggests that HMOs are antiadhesive antimicrobials that serve as soluble decoy receptors, prevent pathogen attachment to infant mucosal surfaces and lower the risk for viral, bacterial and protozoan parasite infections. In addition, HMOs may modulate epithelial and immune cell responses, reduce excessive mucosal leukocyte infiltration and activation, lower the risk for necrotizing enterocolitis and provide the infant with sialic acid as a potentially essential nutrient for brain development and cognition. Most data, however, stem from in vitro, ex vivo or animal studies and occasionally from association studies in mother-infant cohorts. Powered, randomized and controlled intervention studies will be needed to confirm relevance for human neonates. The first part of this review introduces the pioneers in HMO research, outlines HMO structural diversity and describes what is known about HMO biosynthesis in the mother's mammary gland and their metabolism in the breast-fed infant. The second part highlights the postulated beneficial effects of HMO for the breast-fed neonate, compares HMOs with oligosaccharides in the milk of other mammals and in infant formula and summarizes the current roadblocks and future opportunities for HMO research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bode
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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331
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Guo Z, Liu XM, Zhang QX, Tian FW, Zhang H, Zhang HP, Chen W. Effects of inulin on the plasma lipid profile of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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332
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333
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Inngjerdingen KT, Meskini S, Austarheim I, Ballo N, Inngjerdingen M, Michaelsen TE, Diallo D, Paulsen BS. Chemical and biological characterization of polysaccharides from wild and cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:350-358. [PMID: 22107838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Malian traditional medicine the roots of Vernonia kotschyana are used for treating gastric ulcer and gastritis. In 2006, 9000kg of roots from Vernonia kotschyana were used to produce Gastrosedal, an ameliorated traditional medicine in Mali. Harvesting from the wild, the main source of raw material, is causing a growing concern of diminishing populations of the plant, and Vernonia kotschyana is now being cultivated in several areas around Mali. In the current study the structures and bioactive properties of isolated polysaccharides from wild and cultivated Vernonia kotschyana were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pectin- and inulin-type polysaccharides were isolated from the roots of cultivated and wild Vernonia kotschyana. The isolated polysaccharides were investigated regarding their chemical compositions, and for their abilities to fixate human complement and activate macrophages from a mouse macrophage cell line. RESULTS No significant differences in the carbohydrate composition of the fractions isolated from the cultivated versus the wild roots were observed. A previously reported pectic arabinogalactan Vk2a was found in both the cultivated and the wild roots in this study, and exhibited potent complement fixation activity, and a moderate activation of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The present study has shown that the cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana contain the same types of bioactive polysaccharides as the wild roots. It is therefore preliminarily feasible for the cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana to be used as a herbal medicine to replace the wild roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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334
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Thakur M, Weng A, Fuchs H, Sharma V, Bhargava CS, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK, Bhargava S. Rasayana properties of Ayurvedic herbs: Are polysaccharides a major contributor. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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335
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de Beer RJAC, Nuijens T, Wiermans L, Quaedflieg PJLM, Rutjes FPJT. Improving the carboxyamidomethyl ester for subtilisin A-catalysed peptide synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6767-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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336
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Fritzen-Freire CB, Prudêncio ES, Amboni RD, Pinto SS, Negrão-Murakami AN, Murakami FS. Microencapsulation of bifidobacteria by spray drying in the presence of prebiotics. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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337
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Imran S, Gillis RB, Kok SM, Harding SE, Adams GG. Application and use of Inulin as a tool for therapeutic drug delivery. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2012; 28:33-45. [DOI: 10.5661/bger-28-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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338
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Beta glucan: health benefits in obesity and metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2012:851362. [PMID: 22187640 PMCID: PMC3236515 DOI: 10.1155/2012/851362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the lack of international agreement regarding the definition and classification of fiber, there is established evidence on the role of dietary fibers in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Beta glucan (β-glucan) is a soluble fiber readily available from oat and barley grains that has been gaining interest due to its multiple functional and bioactive properties. Its beneficial role in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity is being continuously documented. The fermentability of β-glucans and their ability to form highly viscous solutions in the human gut may constitute the basis of their health benefits. Consequently, the applicability of β-glucan as a food ingredient is being widely considered with the dual purposes of increasing the fiber content of food products and enhancing their health properties. Therefore, this paper explores the role of β-glucans in the prevention and treatment of characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, their underlying mechanisms of action, and their potential in food applications.
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339
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Xue GP, Kooiker M, Drenth J, McIntyre CL. TaMYB13 is a transcriptional activator of fructosyltransferase genes involved in β-2,6-linked fructan synthesis in wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 68:857-70. [PMID: 21838777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are soluble fructosyl-oligosaccharides deposited in many cool-season grass species as a carbon reserve; they are synthesised by fructosyltransferases. In wheat and barley fructans can accumulate in mature stems at a very high level and serve as an important carbon source for grain filling. Fructan synthesis in temperate cereals is regulated by sucrose level and developmental signals, and functions as a metabolic adjustment for carbon balance between carbon supply and sink demand. In this study the expression levels of a highly homologous group of Triticum aestivumMYB genes (TaMYB13-1, TaMYB13-2 and TaMYB13-3) were found to be positively correlated with the mRNA levels of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) and sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT) in wheat stems among recombinant inbred lines with a wide range of fructan concentrations through Affymetrix array expression analysis. This expression correction extended to expression profiles during stem development. TaMYB13 contains an R2R3-type MYB domain. In vitro random DNA-binding site selection followed by base substitution mutagenesis revealed that TaMYB13 bound to a (A/G/T)TT(A/T/C)GGT core sequence, which was present in the promoters of wheat Ta1-SST and Ta6-SFT genes as well as a barley Hv6-SFT gene. Transactivation analysis showed that TaMYB13 was a transcriptional activator and could markedly enhance the expression of 1-SST and 6-SFT promoter-driven reporter genes in wheat. Elimination of TaMYB13-binding sites in Ta6-SFT and Ta1-SST promoters markedly reduced TaMYB13-mediated reporter gene transactivation. These data suggest that TaMYB13 and its orthologues are positive regulators for controlling the expression of major fructosyltransferases involved in the fructan synthetic pathway in temperate cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia.
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340
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Burcelin R, Serino M, Chabo C, Blasco-Baque V, Amar J. Gut microbiota and diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic perspective. Acta Diabetol 2011; 48:257-273. [PMID: 21964884 PMCID: PMC3224226 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More than several hundreds of millions of people will be diabetic and obese over the next decades in front of which the actual therapeutic approaches aim at treating the consequences rather than causes of the impaired metabolism. This strategy is not efficient and new paradigms should be found. The wide analysis of the genome cannot predict or explain more than 10-20% of the disease, whereas changes in feeding and social behavior have certainly a major impact. However, the molecular mechanisms linking environmental factors and genetic susceptibility were so far not envisioned until the recent discovery of a hidden source of genomic diversity, i.e., the metagenome. More than 3 million genes from several hundreds of species constitute our intestinal microbiome. First key experiments have demonstrated that this biome can by itself transfer metabolic disease. The mechanisms are unknown but could be involved in the modulation of energy harvesting capacity by the host as well as the low-grade inflammation and the corresponding immune response on adipose tissue plasticity, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and even the secondary cardiovascular events. Secreted bacterial factors reach the circulating blood, and even full bacteria from intestinal microbiota can reach tissues where inflammation is triggered. The last 5 years have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota, at its molecular level, is a causal factor early in the development of the diseases. Nonetheless, much more need to be uncovered in order to identify first, new predictive biomarkers so that preventive strategies based on pre- and probiotics, and second, new therapeutic strategies against the cause rather than the consequence of hyperglycemia and body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Toulouse, France.
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Chantal Chabo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 1048, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Jacques Amar
- Department of Therapeutics, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse, France
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341
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Beneficial effects of catechin-rich green tea and inulin on the body composition of overweight adults. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:749-54. [PMID: 22032343 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Green tea catechin has been proposed to have an anti-obesity effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effect of catechin-rich green tea in combination with inulin affects body weight and fat mass in obese and overweight adults. A total of thirty subjects were divided into a control group and an experimental group who received 650 ml tea or catechin-rich green tea plus inulin. A reduction of body weight ( - 1·29 (sem 0·35) kg) and fat mass (0·82 (sem 0·27) kg) in the experimental group was found after 6 weeks, and no adverse effects were observed. After refraining from consumption for 2 weeks, sustained effects on body weight and fat mass were observed. We conclude that continuous intake of catechin-rich green tea in combination with inulin for at least 3 weeks may be beneficial for weight management.
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342
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Trevisan AJB, Arêas JAG. Development of corn and flaxseed snacks with high-fibre content using response surface methodology (RSM). Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:362-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.629179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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343
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Hypolipidemic effect of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) roots on diabetic rats: Biochemical approach. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 194:31-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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344
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Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Gutierrez ÁM, Bahamon I, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez MA, Sánchez OF. Computational analysis of the fructosyltransferase enzymes in plants, fungi and bacteria. Gene 2011; 484:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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345
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de Beer RJAC, Zarzycka B, Amatdjais-Groenen HIV, Jans SCB, Nuijens T, Quaedflieg PJLM, van Delft FL, Nabuurs SB, Rutjes FPJT. Papain-Catalyzed Peptide Bond Formation: Enzyme-Specific Activation with Guanidinophenyl Esters. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2201-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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346
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Nuijens T, Cusan C, Schepers AC, Kruijtzer JA, Rijkers DT, Liskamp RM, Quaedflieg PJ. Enzymatic synthesis of activated esters and their subsequent use in enzyme-based peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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347
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Fructo-oligosaccharide synthesis by mutant versions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6148-57. [PMID: 21764973 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05032-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient enzymatic synthesis of tailor-made prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) used in functional food formulation is a relevant biotechnological objective. We have engineered the Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase (Suc2) to improve its transferase activity and to identify the enzymatic determinants for product specificity. Amino acid replacement (W19Y, N21S, N24S) within a conserved motif (β-fructosidase) specifically increased the synthesis of 6-kestose up to 10-fold. Mutants with lower substrate (sucrose) affinity produced FOS with longer half-lives. A mutation (P205V) adjacent to another conserved motif (EC) caused a 6-fold increment in 6-kestose yield. Docking studies with a Suc2 modeled structure defined a putative acceptor substrate binding subsite constituted by Trp 291 and Asn 228. Mutagenesis studies confirmed the implication of Asn 228 in directing the orientation of the sucrose molecule for the specific synthesis of β(2,6) linkages.
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348
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In vitro evaluation of gastrointestinal survival of Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698 alone and combined with galactooligosaccharides, milk and/or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 149:152-8. [PMID: 21741105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus amylovorus DSM 16698 were previously demonstrated in piglets. Here, its potential as a human probiotic was studied in vitro, using the TIM-1 system, which is fully validated to simulate the human upper gastrointestinal tract. To evaluate the effect of the food matrix composition on the survival of L. amylovorus DSM 16698 in TIM-1, the microorganism was inoculated alone or with prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS), partially skimmed milk (PSM) and/or commercial probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 (Bb-12). Samples were collected from TIM-1 for six hours, at one-hour intervals and L. amylovorus populations were enumerated on MRS agar plates with confirmation of identity of selected isolates by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting. The cumulative survival for L. amylovorus alone (control) was 30% at the end of the experiment (t=6h). Co-administration of L. amylovorus with GOS, PSM and/or Bb-12 increased its survival in comparison with the control significantly from the 4th hour after ingestion onwards (P<0.05). Furthermore, by the use of High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography, both L. amylovorus and Bb-12 were observed to promptly degrade GOS compounds in samples collected from TIM-1, as assessed at t=2h. Hence, food matrix composition interfered with survival and growth of L. amylovorus during passage through TIM-1, providing leads towards optimization of probiotic properties in vivo.
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349
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Effects of oligofructose on appetite profile, glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY3-36 concentrations and energy intake. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1757-62. [PMID: 21679485 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511002194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In rats, oligofructose has been shown to stimulate satiety hormone secretion, reduce energy intake and promote weight loss. The present study aimed to examine the effect of oligofructose supplementation on appetite profiles, satiety hormone concentrations and energy intake in human subjects. A total of thirty-one healthy subjects (ten men and twenty-one women) aged 28 (SEM 3) years with a BMI of 24·8 (SEM 0·3) kg/m(2) were included in a randomised double-blind, cross-over study. The subjects received 10 g oligofructose, 16 g oligofructose or 16 g placebo (maltodextrin) daily for 13 d, with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Appetite profile, active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY3-36 (PYY) concentrations and energy intake were assessed on days 0 and 13 of the treatment period. Time × treatment interaction revealed a trend of reduction in energy intake over days 0-13 by oligofructose (P = 0·068). Energy intake was significantly reduced (11 %) over time on day 13 compared with day 0 with 16 g/d oligofructose (2801 (SEM 301) v. 3217 (SEM 320) kJ, P < 0·05). Moreover, energy intake was significantly lower with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose on day 13 (2801 (SEM 301) v. 3177 (SEM 276) kJ, P < 0·05). Area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1 on day 13 was significantly higher with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose (45 (SEM 4) v. 41 (SEM 3) pmol/l × h, P < 0·05). In the morning until lunch, AUC(0-230 min) for PYY on day 13 was significantly higher with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose and placebo (409 (SEM 35) v. 222 (SEM 19) and 211 (SEM 20) pg/ml × h, P < 0·01). In conclusion, 16 g/d and not 10 g/d oligofructose may be an effective dose to reduce energy intake, possibly supported by higher GLP-1 and PYY concentrations.
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Lago CC, Bernstein A, Brandelli A, Noreña CZ. Characterization of Powdered Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Juice and Pulp. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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