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Kim HY, Kumar H, Jo MJ, Kim J, Yoon JK, Lee JR, Kang M, Choo YW, Song SY, Kwon SP, Hyeon T, Han IB, Kim BS. Therapeutic Efficacy-Potentiated and Diseased Organ-Targeting Nanovesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4965-4975. [PMID: 29995418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC)-derived exosomes have been spotlighted as a promising therapeutic agent for cell-free regenerative medicine. However, poor organ-targeting ability and insufficient therapeutic efficacy of systemically injected hMSC-exosomes were identified as critical limitations for their further applications. Therefore, in this study we fabricated iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-incorporated exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NV-IONP) from IONP-treated hMSCs and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in a clinically relevant model for spinal cord injury. Compared to exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (NV) prepared from untreated hMSCs, NV-IONP not only contained IONPs which act as a magnet-guided navigation tool but also carried greater amounts of therapeutic growth factors that can be delivered to the target cells. The increased amounts of therapeutic growth factors inside NV-IONP were attributed to IONPs that are slowly ionized to iron ions which activate the JNK and c-Jun signaling cascades in hMSCs. In vivo systemic injection of NV-IONP with magnetic guidance significantly increased the amount of NV-IONP accumulating in the injured spinal cord. Accumulated NV-IONP enhanced blood vessel formation, attenuated inflammation and apoptosis in the injured spinal cord, and consequently improved spinal cord function. Taken together, these findings highlight the development of therapeutic efficacy-potentiated extracellular nanovesicles and demonstrate their feasibility for repairing injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery , CHA University , CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si , 13488 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Jo
- Department of Neurosurgery , CHA University , CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si , 13488 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 151-744 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ro Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woong Choo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 151-744 , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery , CHA University , CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si , 13488 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul , 08826 , Republic of Korea
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302
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Zhao X, Qu J, Liu X, Wang J, Ma X, Zhao X, Yang Q, Yan W, Zhao Z, Hui Y, Bai H, Zhang S. Baicalein suppress EMT of breast cancer by mediating tumor-associated macrophages polarization. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1528-1540. [PMID: 30210921 PMCID: PMC6129485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main infiltrating component in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in cancer progression. Baicalein has a wide range of pharmacological properties. This study explores the potential effect of baicalein on macrophages polarization and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer. Co-culture system was established to evaluate the interaction between TAMs and breast cancer cells. Then the role of baicalein in modulating TAMs function was assessed. Finally, breast cancer mouse model was established to study the underlying mechanism. In vitro experiments showed that co-culture with M2 macrophages significantly enhanced EMT of both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Baicalein could regulate polarization of M2 and attenuate TGF-β1 secretion. In vivo experiments showed that compared with the MDA-MB-231 + M2 group, tumor growth and metastasis of baicalein + MDA-MB-231 + M2 group was significantly inhibited, with smaller tumor size and decreased lung metastasis lesions. Our findings suggest that the regulation of TAMs may be a novel mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effects of baicalein in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jingkun Qu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jizhao Wang
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xingcong Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wanjun Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Hui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine300 Xueshi Street, Changsha 410208, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Bai
- Department of Blood, The Chengdu Military Command General Hospital of Kunming Medical University212 West Daguan Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University157 West Fifth Street, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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303
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Yamaguchi R, Sakamoto A, Yamaguchi R, Haraguchi M, Narahara S, Sugiuchi H, Yamaguchi Y. Transcription factor specificity protein 1 modulates TGFβ1/Smad signaling to negatively regulate SIGIRR expression by human M1 macrophages stimulated with substance P. Cytokine 2018; 108:24-36. [PMID: 29558695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The stimuli inducing expression of single immunoglobulin IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) and the relevant regulatory mechanisms are not well defined. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) delays internalization of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and subsequently enhances cellular signaling. This study investigated the effect of TGFβ1 on SIGIRR protein production by human M1 macrophages in response to stimulation with substance P (SP). SP caused upregulation of SIGIRR expression in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas aprepitant (an NK1R inhibitor) blunted this response. Silencing p38γMAPK or TAK-1 partially attenuated the response to SP stimulation, while TGFβ1/2/3 siRNA dramatically diminished it. SP induced much greater SIGIRR protein production than either lipopolysaccharide (a TLR4 agonist) or resiquimod (a TLR7/8 agonist). Unexpectedly, silencing of transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) led to significant upregulation of SIGIRR expression after SP stimulation, while KLF2 siRNA only partially enhanced it and Fli-1 siRNA reduced it. SP also upregulated TGFβ1 expression, along with a corresponding increase of SIGIRR protein, whereas silencing TGFβ1/2/3 blunted these responses. Sp1 siRNA or mithramycin (a gene-selective Sp1 inhibitor) significantly enhanced the expression of TGFβ1 and SIGIRR by macrophages after SP stimulation. Importantly, this effect of Sp1 siRNA on TGFβ1 and SIGIRR was blunted by siRNA for Smad2, Smad3, or Smad4, but not by TAK-1 siRNA. Next, we investigated the influence of transcription factor cross-talk on SIGIRR expression in response to SP. Co-transfection of macrophages with Sp1 siRNA and C/EBPβ or TIF1β siRNA attenuated the upregulation of SIGIRR by SP, while a combination of Sp1 siRNA and Fli-1 siRNA dramatically diminished it. In conclusion, TGFβ1 may be an intermediary between SP/NK1R activation and SIGIRR expression in Sp1 siRNA-transfected macrophages. In addition, Sp1 modulates TGFβ1/Smad signaling and negatively regulates SIGIRR protein production by macrophages after SP stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Arisa Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Reona Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Misa Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Shinji Narahara
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugiuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan.
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304
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Leman JKH, Sandford SK, Rhodes JL, Kemp RA. Multiparametric analysis of colorectal cancer immune responses. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2995-3005. [PMID: 30038466 PMCID: PMC6054948 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i27.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, with a diverse and plastic immune cell infiltrate. These immune cells play an important role in regulating tumour growth - progression or elimination. Some populations of cells have a strong correlation with disease-free survival, making them useful prognostic markers. In particular, the infiltrate of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells into CRC tumours has been validated worldwide as a valuable indicator of patient prognosis. However, the heterogeneity of the immune response, both between patients with tumours of different molecular subtypes, and within the tumour itself, necessitates the use of multiparametric analysis in the investigation of tumour-specific immune responses. This review will outline the multiparametric analysis techniques that have been developed and applied to studying the role of immune cells in the tumour, with a focus on colorectal cancer. Because much of the data in this disease relates to T cell subsets and heterogeneity, we have used T cell populations as examples throughout. Flow and mass cytometry give a detailed representation of the cells within the tumour in a single-cell suspension on a per-cell basis. Imaging technologies, such as imaging mass cytometry, are used to investigate increasing numbers of markers whilst retaining the spatial and structural information of the tumour section and the infiltrating immune cells. Together, the analyses of multiple immune parameters can provide valuable information to guide clinical decision-making in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia KH Leman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Sarah K Sandford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Janet L Rhodes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
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305
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Riccobono D, Nikovics K, François S, Favier AL, Jullien N, Schrock G, Scherthan H, Drouet M. First Insights Into the M2 Inflammatory Response After Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Injections in Radiation-Injured Muscles. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:37-48. [PMID: 29787429 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cutaneous radiation syndrome is the clinical consequence of local high-dose irradiation. It is characterized by extensive inflammation, necrosis, and poor revascularization of the skin, resulting in muscle inflammation and fibrosis. Based on these physiopathological processes, subcutaneous injections of adipose-tissue-derived stem/stromal cells have shown favorable effects on skin-wound healing in a minipig model of cutaneous radiation syndrome, in which muscle fibrosis persisted. Since fibrosis is mainly due to the inflammatory processes that often affect underlying tissues as well, the beneficial effects of intramuscular injections of adipose-tissue-derived stem/stromal cells on tissue recovery were evaluated. The polarization of the inflammatory response of irradiated muscle in a minipig model of cutaneous radiation syndrome was determined after acute local irradiation with 50 Gy gamma rays in a preliminary study (six minipigs). Analysis of the main inflammatory cytokines of the inflammatory response M1 (IL-1-beta and IL-6) and M2 (IL-10 and TGF-beta) by western blotting and in situ hybridization, as well as analysis of CD80/CD206 M1/M2 macrophage-specific markers by immunohistochemistry on minipig muscle samples, was performed 76 d after irradiation. The treatment of irradiated muscles with autologous adipose-tissue-derived stem/stromal cells led to an increase in IL-10 and TGF-beta, being associated with an increase in CD68+/CD206+ cells in this area. This highlights a polarization of M2 in the inflammatory response and indicates that adipose-tissue-derived stem/stromal cells may direct the irradiated tissues' inflammatory response towards a proregenerative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Riccobono
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité de Radiobiologie, Brétigny sur Orge Cedex, France
| | - Krisztina Nikovics
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Département des Services, Unité Imagerie, Brétigny sur Orge Cedex, France
| | - Sabine François
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité de Radiobiologie, Brétigny sur Orge Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Laure Favier
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Département des Services, Unité Imagerie, Brétigny sur Orge Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Jullien
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité de Radiobiologie, Brétigny sur Orge Cedex, France
| | - Gerrit Schrock
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - Michel Drouet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité de Radiobiologie, Brétigny sur Orge Cedex, France
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306
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Twumasi-Boateng K, Pettigrew JL, Kwok YYE, Bell JC, Nelson BH. Oncolytic viruses as engineering platforms for combination immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:419-432. [PMID: 29695749 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To effectively build on the recent successes of immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive T cell therapy and cancer vaccines, it is critical to rationally design combination strategies that will increase and extend efficacy to a larger proportion of patients. For example, the combination of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) immune checkpoint inhibitors essentially doubles the response rate in certain patients with metastatic melanoma. However, given the heterogeneity of cancer, it seems likely that even more complex combinations of immunomodulatory agents may be required to obtain consistent, durable therapeutic responses against a broad spectrum of cancers. This carries serious implications in terms of toxicities for patients, feasibility for care providers and costs for health-care systems. A compelling solution is offered by oncolytic viruses (OVs), which can be engineered to selectively replicate within and destroy tumour tissue while simultaneously augmenting antitumour immunity. In this Opinion article, we argue that the future of immunotherapy will include OVs that function as multiplexed immune-modulating platforms expressing factors such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumour antigens, cytokines and T cell engagers. We illustrate this concept by following the trials and tribulations of tumour-reactive T cells from their initial priming through to the execution of cytotoxic effector function in the tumour bed. We highlight the myriad opportunities for OVs to help overcome critical barriers in the T cell journey, leading to new synergistic mechanisms in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Twumasi-Boateng
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica L Pettigrew
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Y Eunice Kwok
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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307
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Gkikas I, Palikaras K, Tavernarakis N. The Role of Mitophagy in Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1283. [PMID: 29951054 PMCID: PMC6008576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles essential for multiple biological processes, including energy production, metabolites biosynthesis, cell death, and immunological responses among others. Recent advances in the field of immunology research reveal the pivotal role of energy metabolism in innate immune cells fate and function. Therefore, the maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity and activity is a prerequisite for immune system homeostasis. Mitochondrial selective autophagy, known as mitophagy, surveils mitochondrial population eliminating superfluous and/or impaired organelles and mediating cellular survival and viability in response to injury/trauma and infection. Defective removal of damaged mitochondria leads to hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling pathways and subsequently to chronic systemic inflammation and development of inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and highlight its critical role in the innate immune system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Gkikas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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308
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Frey B, Rückert M, Deloch L, Rühle PF, Derer A, Fietkau R, Gaipl US. Immunomodulation by ionizing radiation-impact for design of radio-immunotherapies and for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:231-248. [PMID: 29027224 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is often regarded as an element of danger. But, danger responses on the cellular and molecular level are often beneficial with regard to the induction of anti-tumor immunity and for amelioration of inflammation. We outline how in dependence of radiation dose and fraction, radiation itself-and especially in combination with immune modulators-impacts on the innate and adaptive immune system. Focus is set on radiation-induced changes of the tumor cell phenotype and the cellular microenvironment including immunogenic cancer cell death. Mechanisms how anti-tumor immune responses are triggered by radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia, inhibition of apoptosis, the adjuvant AnnexinA5, or vaccination with high hydrostatic pressure-killed autologous tumor cells are discussed. Building on this, feasible multimodal radio-immunotherapy concepts are reviewed including overcoming immune suppression by immune checkpoint inhibitors and by targeting TGF-β. Since radiation-induced tissue damage, inflammation, and anti-tumor immune responses are interconnected, the impact of lower doses of radiation on amelioration of inflammation is outlined. Closely meshed immune monitoring concepts based on the liquid biopsy blood are suggested for prognosis and prediction of cancer and non-cancer inflammatory diseases. Finally, challenges and visions for the design of cancer radio-immunotherapies and for treatment of benign inflammatory diseases are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul F Rühle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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309
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Caja L, Dituri F, Mancarella S, Caballero-Diaz D, Moustakas A, Giannelli G, Fabregat I. TGF-β and the Tissue Microenvironment: Relevance in Fibrosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29701666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051294.pmid:29701666;pmcid:pmc5983604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong cross-talk exists among TGF-β and the tissue extracellular matrix components. TGF-β is stored in the matrix as part of a large latent complex bound to the latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP) and matrix binding of latent TGF-β complexes, which is required for an adequate TGF-β function. Once TGF-β is activated, it regulates extracellular matrix remodelling and promotes a fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, which is essential in fibrotic processes. This cytokine also acts on other cell types present in the fibrotic and tumour microenvironment, such as epithelial, endothelial cells or macrophages and it contributes to the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Furthermore, TGF-β exerts anti-tumour activity by inhibiting the host tumour immunosurveillance. Aim of this review is to update how TGF-β and the tissue microenvironment cooperate to promote the pleiotropic actions that regulate cell responses of different cell types, essential for the development of fibrosis and tumour progression. We discuss recent evidences suggesting the use of TGF-β chemical inhibitors as a new line of defence against fibrotic disorders or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Caja
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Daniel Caballero-Diaz
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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310
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Caja L, Dituri F, Mancarella S, Caballero-Diaz D, Moustakas A, Giannelli G, Fabregat I. TGF-β and the Tissue Microenvironment: Relevance in Fibrosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051294. [PMID: 29701666 PMCID: PMC5983604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong cross-talk exists among TGF-β and the tissue extracellular matrix components. TGF-β is stored in the matrix as part of a large latent complex bound to the latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP) and matrix binding of latent TGF-β complexes, which is required for an adequate TGF-β function. Once TGF-β is activated, it regulates extracellular matrix remodelling and promotes a fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, which is essential in fibrotic processes. This cytokine also acts on other cell types present in the fibrotic and tumour microenvironment, such as epithelial, endothelial cells or macrophages and it contributes to the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. Furthermore, TGF-β exerts anti-tumour activity by inhibiting the host tumour immunosurveillance. Aim of this review is to update how TGF-β and the tissue microenvironment cooperate to promote the pleiotropic actions that regulate cell responses of different cell types, essential for the development of fibrosis and tumour progression. We discuss recent evidences suggesting the use of TGF-β chemical inhibitors as a new line of defence against fibrotic disorders or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Caja
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Daniel Caballero-Diaz
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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311
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Uhde AK, Ciurkiewicz M, Herder V, Khan MA, Hensel N, Claus P, Beckstette M, Teich R, Floess S, Baumgärtner W, Jung K, Huehn J, Beineke A. Intact interleukin-10 receptor signaling protects from hippocampal damage elicited by experimental neurotropic virus infection of SJL mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6106. [PMID: 29666403 PMCID: PMC5904160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection represents an experimental mouse model to study hippocampal damage induced by neurotropic viruses. IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with profound anti-inflammatory properties, which critically controls immune homeostasis. In order to analyze IL-10R signaling following virus-induced polioencephalitis, SJL mice were intracerebrally infected with TMEV. RNA-based next generation sequencing revealed an up-regulation of Il10, Il10rα and further genes involved in IL-10 downstream signaling, including Jak1, Socs3 and Stat3 in the brain upon infection. Subsequent antibody-mediated blockade of IL-10R signaling led to enhanced hippocampal damage with neuronal loss and increased recruitment of CD3+ T cells, CD45R+ B cells and an up-regulation of Il1α mRNA. Increased expression of Tgfβ and Foxp3 as well as accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and arginase-1+ macrophages/microglia was detected in the hippocampus, representing a potential compensatory mechanism following disturbed IL-10R signaling. Additionally, an increased peripheral Chi3l3 expression was found in spleens of infected mice, which may embody reactive regulatory mechanisms for prevention of excessive immunopathology. The present study highlights the importance of IL-10R signaling for immune regulation and its neuroprotective properties in the context of an acute neurotropic virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Uhde
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Akram Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Niko Hensel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Niedersachsen-Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - René Teich
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.,Niedersachsen-Research Network on Neuroinfectiology (N-RENNT), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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312
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Sikandan A, Shinomiya T, Nagahara Y. Ashwagandha root extract exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in HaCaT cells by inhibiting the MAPK/NF‑κB pathways and by regulating cytokines. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:425-434. [PMID: 29620265 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A paste composed of the boiled leaves and roots of the Ashwagandha plant is used to cure ulcer and swelling in Ayurvedic medicine. However, the effects of the hot water extract of Ashwagandha roots (ASH‑WEX), which is also used in Ayurveda, on skin have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the anti‑inflammatory activity of ASH‑WEX on skin, by using the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. The results indicated that ASH‑WEX significantly inhibited mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑8, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF‑α), IL‑1β and IL‑12, and promoted the mRNA expression of the anti‑inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 in HaCaT cells. In addition, ASH‑WEX inhibited the lipopolysaccharide‑induced phosphorylation of p38 and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB p65. Downregulation of TNF‑α mRNA and upregulation of TGF‑β1 mRNA were also observed in vivo following ASH‑WEX treatment of mouse skin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the anti‑inflammatory effect of ASH‑WEX may be due to its ability to suppress the NF‑κB and mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways, and to modulate cytokine expression. These results suggest that ASH‑WEX can potentially protect against skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudubari Sikandan
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama 350‑0394, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shinomiya
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama 350‑0394, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Nagahara
- Division of Life Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama 350‑0394, Japan
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313
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Eser PÖ, Jänne PA. TGFβ pathway inhibition in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 184:112-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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314
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Brenot A, Knolhoff BL, DeNardo DG, Longmore GD. SNAIL1 action in tumor cells influences macrophage polarization and metastasis in breast cancer through altered GM-CSF secretion. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:32. [PMID: 29593211 PMCID: PMC5874242 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The EMT inducer SNAIL1 regulates breast cancer metastasis and its expression in human primary breast tumor predicts for poor outcomes. During tumor progression SNAIL1 has multiple effects in tumor cells that can impact metastasis. An inflammatory tumor microenvironment also impacts metastasis and recently SNAIL1 has been implicated as modulating the secretion of cytokines that can influence the tumor immune infiltrate. Using a spontaneous genetic model of breast cancer metastasis and syngeneic orthotopic transplant experiments we show that the action of SNAIL1 in primary breast tumor cells is required for breast tumor growth and metastasis. It does so, in part, by regulating production of GM-CSF, IL1α, IL-6, and TNFα by breast cancer cells. The SNAIL1-dependent tumor cell secretome modulates the primary tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization. GM-CSF alone modulates TAM polarization and impacts breast cancer metastasis in vivo. This study highlights another role for breast tumor SNAIL1 in cancer progression to metastasis-modulation of the immune microenvironment of primary breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Brenot
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brett L Knolhoff
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David G DeNardo
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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315
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Li M, Mei X, Lv S, Zhang Z, Xu J, Sun D, Xu J, He X, Chi G, Li Y. Rat vibrissa dermal papilla cells promote healing of spinal cord injury following transplantation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3929-3939. [PMID: 29581745 PMCID: PMC5863572 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation is effective for repairing spinal cord injuries (SCIs); however, there are limitations of clinical BMSC applications. Previously, we reported that dermal papilla cells (DPCs) secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor more actively than BMSCs. To analyze the therapeutic function of DPCs in SCI, primary DPCs and BMSCs were cultured from the same green fluorescence protein-transgenic rat. The cells were suspended in rat-tail collagen I and transplanted separately into completely transected spinal cord lesion sites. Grafted-cell survival was examined with a small animal in vivo imaging detection system, and lesion sites were examined histochemically. In vivo imaging revealed enhanced lesion filling and survival with DPC grafts compared with BMSC grafts on days 14 and 21 post-transplantation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that lesion area sizes in the two groups were not markedly different. In the DPC transplant group, more axons formed within the lesion sites. CD31-positive vessel-like structures were more abundant in lesion sites near the grafted cells in the DPC group. The results of the present study suggest that DPCs may be a valuable alternative source of stem cells for autologous cell therapy for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xianglin Mei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zechuan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jinying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dongjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xia He
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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316
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Luong VH, Chino T, Oyama N, Matsushita T, Sasaki Y, Ogura D, Niwa SI, Biswas T, Hamasaki A, Fujita M, Okamoto Y, Otsuka M, Ihn H, Hasegawa M. Blockade of TGF-β/Smad signaling by the small compound HPH-15 ameliorates experimental skin fibrosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:46. [PMID: 29544542 PMCID: PMC5855969 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling is well known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We previously developed an artificial molecule, the histidine-pyridine-histidine ligand derivative HPH-15, which may have an antifibrotic effect. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of this drug in human skin fibroblasts and in a preclinical model of SSc. Methods The effects of HPH-15 on expression of extracellular matrix components and TGF-β signaling in human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed. The antifibrotic properties of HPH-15 and its mechanisms were also examined in a bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis mouse model. Results HPH-15 suppressed the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and inhibited the expression of collagen I, fibronectin 1, connective tissue growth factor, and α-smooth muscle actin induced by TGF-β in cultured human skin fibroblasts. In the bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis model, oral administration of HPH-15 protected against the development of skin fibrosis and ameliorated established skin fibrosis. Additionally, HPH-15 suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad3 in various cells, including macrophages in the bleomycin-injected skin. Further, in the treated mice, dermal infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages (CD11b+Ly6Chi) and M2 profibrotic macrophages (CD11b+CD204+ or CD11b+CD206+) was significantly decreased during the early and late stages, respectively. HPH-15 treatment resulted in decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the M2 macrophage markers arginase 1 and Ym-1 in the skin, whereas it inversely augmented expression of Friend leukemia integration 1 and Krüppel-like factor 5 mRNAs, the transcription factors that repress collagen synthesis. No apparent adverse effects of HPH-15 were found during the treatment. Conclusions HPH-15 may inhibit skin fibrosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad3 in dermal fibroblasts and possibly in macrophages. Our results demonstrate several positive qualities of HPH-15, including oral bioavailability, a good safety profile, and therapeutic effectiveness. Thus, this TGF-β/Smad inhibitor is a potential candidate therapeutic for SSc clinical trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1534-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Huy Luong
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takenao Chino
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tanima Biswas
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Hamasaki
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Okamoto
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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317
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Pridans C, Sauter KA, Irvine KM, Davis GM, Lefevre L, Raper A, Rojo R, Nirmal AJ, Beard P, Cheeseman M, Hume DA. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases hepatic macrophage content, liver growth, and lipid accumulation in neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G388-G398. [PMID: 29351395 PMCID: PMC5899243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00343.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Signaling via the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) controls the survival, differentiation, and proliferation of macrophages. Mutations in CSF1 or CSF1R in mice and rats have pleiotropic effects on postnatal somatic growth. We tested the possible application of pig CSF1-Fc fusion protein as a therapy for low birth weight (LBW) at term, using a model based on maternal dexamethasone treatment in rats. Neonatal CSF1-Fc treatment did not alter somatic growth and did not increase the blood monocyte count. Instead, there was a substantial increase in the size of liver in both control and LBW rats, and the treatment greatly exacerbated lipid droplet accumulation seen in the dexamethasone LBW model. These effects were reversed upon cessation of treatment. Transcriptional profiling of the livers supported histochemical evidence of a large increase in macrophages with a resident Kupffer cell phenotype and revealed increased expression of many genes implicated in lipid droplet formation. There was no further increase in hepatocyte proliferation over the already high rates in neonatal liver. In conclusion, treatment of neonatal rats with CSF1-Fc caused an increase in liver size and hepatic lipid accumulation, due to Kupffer cell expansion and/or activation rather than hepatocyte proliferation. Increased liver macrophage numbers and expression of endocytic receptors could mitigate defective clearance functions in neonates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is based on extensive studies in mice and pigs of the role of CSF1/CSF1R in macrophage development and postnatal growth. We extended the study to neonatal rats as a possible therapy for low birth weight. Unlike our previous studies in mice and pigs, there was no increase in hepatocyte proliferation and no increase in monocyte numbers. Instead, neonatal rats treated with CSF1 displayed reversible hepatic steatosis and Kupffer cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pridans
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,2Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A. Sauter
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- 3Mater Research-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Gemma M. Davis
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Rojo
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit J. Nirmal
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Beard
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,4The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cheeseman
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,2Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,3Mater Research-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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318
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Paracrine interactions of cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells: tumor allies and foes. Curr Opin Oncol 2018; 30:45-53. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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319
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Xu M, Cheng Z, Ding Z, Wang Y, Guo Q, Huang C. Resveratrol enhances IL-4 receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in spinal cord and attenuates neuropathic pain following sciatic nerve injury. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918767549. [PMID: 29592782 PMCID: PMC5881959 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918767549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol has been showed to relieve neuropathic pain through its anti-inflammatory effects on the peripheral nerve system. However, it is not clear whether resveratrol, especially when administered systemically, is effective in alleviating the peripheral neuropathy-induced imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. To test this, we used a rat neuropathic pain model resulting from chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Resveratrol (200 mg/kg) or vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 14 consecutive days after chronic constriction injury. We found that resveratrol attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats with chronic constriction injury. After 14 days of resveratrol treatment, expression of several anti-inflammatory cytokine receptors, including IL-1RA and IL-1R2, was increased in the dorsal spinal cord of rats with chronic constriction injury, and IL-4Rα was increased in dorsal spinal cord neurons. Knockdown of IL-4Rα in a neuronal cell line reversed the resveratrol-induced upregulation of IL-1RA and IL-1R2. These results indicate that resveratrol enhances IL-4 receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory responses in the spinal cord and thus might contribute to the alleviation of central sensitization following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Xu
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ding
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
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320
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DADLE enhances viability and anti-inflammatory effect of human MSCs subjected to ‘serum free’ apoptotic condition in part via the DOR/PI3K/AKT pathway. Life Sci 2017; 191:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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321
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Dominguez C, David JM, Palena C. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation at the site of the primary tumor. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:177-184. [PMID: 28823497 PMCID: PMC5698091 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth and progression are the products of complex signaling networks between different cell types within the tumor and its surrounding stroma. In particular, established tumors are known to stimulate an inflammatory reaction via the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that favor the recruitment of a range of infiltrating immune cell populations into the tumor microenvironment. While potentially able to exert tumor control, this inflammatory reaction is typically seized upon by the tumor to promote its own growth and progression towards metastasis. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding how an established tumor can initiate an inflammatory response via the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and IL-8, and their roles in cancer metastasis. In particular, the role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypic switch observed in carcinomas that promotes progression towards metastasis, is discussed here in relation to cancer inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charli Dominguez
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Justin M David
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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322
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Bai H, Lee JS, Hu H, Wang T, Isaji T, Liu S, Guo J, Liu H, Wolf K, Ono S, Guo X, Yatsula B, Xing Y, Fahmy TM, Dardik A. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inhibits Pseudoaneurysm Formation After Aortic Patch Angioplasty. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:195-205. [PMID: 29146747 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pseudoaneurysms remain a significant complication after vascular procedures. We hypothesized that TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling plays a mechanistic role in the development of pseudoaneurysms. APPROACH AND RESULTS Rat aortic pericardial patch angioplasty was associated with a high incidence (88%) of pseudoaneurysms at 30 days, with increased smad2 phosphorylation in small pseudoaneurysms but not in large pseudoaneurysms; TGF-β1 receptors were increased in small pseudoaneurysms and preserved in large pseudoaneurysms. Delivery of TGF-β1 via nanoparticles covalently bonded to the patch stimulated smad2 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo and significantly decreased pseudoaneurysm formation (6.7%). Inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling with SB431542 decreased smad2 phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo and significantly induced pseudoaneurysm formation by day 7 (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS Normal healing after aortic patch angioplasty is associated with increased TGF-β1 signaling, and recruitment of smad2 signaling may limit pseudoaneurysm formation; loss of TGF-β1 signaling is associated with the formation of large pseudoaneurysms. Enhancement of TGF-β1 signaling may be a potential mechanism to limit pseudoaneurysm formation after vascular intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Bai
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Haidi Hu
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Tun Wang
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Toshihiko Isaji
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Shirley Liu
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Jianming Guo
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Haiyang Liu
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Katharine Wolf
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Shun Ono
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Xiangjiang Guo
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Bogdan Yatsula
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Ying Xing
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.)
| | - Alan Dardik
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B.); Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China (H.B., Y.X.); Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), Department of Surgery (H.B., H.H., T.W., T.I., S.L., J.G., H.L., K.W., S.O., X.G., B.Y., A.D.), and Department of Immunobiology (T.M.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.S.L., T.M.F.); and Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (A.D.).
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323
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Zhang WJ, Wang XH, Gao ST, Chen C, Xu XY, Sun Q, Zhou ZH, Wu GZ, Yu Q, Xu G, Yao YZ, Guan WX. Tumor-associated macrophages correlate with phenomenon of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contribute to poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer patients. J Surg Res 2017; 222:93-101. [PMID: 29273380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with poor outcomes in multiple solid cancers and play important roles in cancer progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may account for metastasis and recurrence. However, the association between TAMs and EMT is not clarified in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TAMs on EMT in TNBC. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied specimens from 278 patients with TNBC. TAMs marker cluster of differentiation 163 and EMT-related marker E-cadherin were detected by immunohistochemistry in TNBC tissues, and their clinical significance was evaluated from the patients' medical records. RESULTS TNBC patients with polarized cluster of differentiation 163+ TAMs infiltration and low level of E-cadherin had a significantly higher risk of aggressive features, including recurrence, histologic differentiation, and lymph node metastasis. Infiltration of TAMs was also negatively correlated with E-cadherin in TNBC tissues. Multivariate analysis indicated that infiltration of TAMs and low expression of E-cadherin were independent prognostic factors of overall survival and disease-free survival in TNBC patients. CONCLUSIONS High infiltration of TAMs was associated with low expression of E-cadherin and could be used as an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Ting Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong-Zhong Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wen-Xian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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324
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Wang CY, Li CY, Hsu HP, Cho CY, Yen MC, Weng TY, Chen WC, Hung YH, Lee KT, Hung JH, Chen YL, Lai MD. PSMB5 plays a dual role in cancer development and immunosuppression. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2103-2120. [PMID: 29218236 PMCID: PMC5714741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and metastasis are dependent on the intrinsic properties of tumor cells and the influence of microenvironment including the immune system. It would be important to identify target drug that can inhibit cancer cell and activate immune cells. Proteasome β subunits (PSMB) family, one component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumor cells and immune cells. Therefore, we used a bioinformatics approach to examine the potential role of PSMB family. Analysis of breast TCGA and METABRIC database revealed that high expression of PSMB5 was observed in breast cancer tissue and that high expression of PSMB5 predicted worse survival. In addition, high expression of PSMB5 was observed in M2 macrophages. Based on our bioinformatics analysis, we hypothesized that PSMB5 contained immunosuppressive and oncogenic characteristics. To study the effects of PSMB5 on the cancer cell and macrophage in vitro, we silenced PSMB5 expression with shRNA in THP-1 monocytes and MDA-MB-231 cells respectively. Knockdown of PSMB5 promoted human THP-1 monocyte differentiation into M1 macrophage. On the other hand, knockdown PSMB5 gene expression inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell growth and migration by colony formation assay and boyden chamber. Collectively, our data demonstrated that delivery of PSMB5 shRNA suppressed cell growth and activated defensive M1 macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, lentiviral delivery of PSMB5 shRNA significantly decreased tumor growth in a subcutaneous mouse model. In conclusion, our bioinformatics study and functional experiments revealed that PSMB5 served as novel cancer therapeutic targets. These results also demonstrated a novel translational approach to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Yen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Yu Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Yang Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Ching Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Ting Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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325
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Murray PJ. Nonresolving macrophage-mediated inflammation in malignancy. FEBS J 2017; 285:641-653. [PMID: 28857430 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are populated with different cells of the immune system, each of which has the potential for pro- or antitumor functions. Macrophages are the numerically dominant type of myeloid cell in cancer and are suspected of having predominantly protumor functions. Key questions in cancer research concern the relationships between macrophages and anatomically different kinds of cancers, what specific properties of macrophages are involved in protumor functions and whether either macrophage numbers or functions can be modulated to enhance existing cancer therapies, for example, by reducing the immunosuppressive milieu such that anti-tumor T cells can provoke antitumor immunity. Accordingly, several antimacrophage preclinical modalities have been attempted and revealed substantial clinical barriers to their use. Therefore, understanding and targeting the specific pathways associated with protumor functions of macrophages, rather than macrophages themselves is a promising approach for both basic research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Murray
- Immunoregulation Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
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326
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Gregory KJ, Morin SM, Schneider SS. Regulation of early growth response 2 expression by secreted frizzled related protein 1. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:473. [PMID: 28687085 PMCID: PMC5501954 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) expression is down-regulated in a multitude of cancers, including breast cancer. Loss of Sfrp1 also exacerbates weight gain as well as inflammation. Additionally, loss of SFRP1 enhances TGF-β signaling and the downstream MAPK pathway. TGF-β has been shown to increase the expression of Early Growth Response 2 (EGR2), a transcription factor implicated in immune function in a wide variety of cell types. The work described here was initiated to determine whether SFRP1 modulation affects TGF-β mediated EGR2 expression in mammary tissues as well as macrophage polarization. METHODS Real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine EGR2 expression in human and murine mammary epithelial cells and tissues in response to SFRP1 modulation. Chemical inhibition was employed to investigate the roles TGF-β and MAPK signaling play in the control of EGR2 expression in response to SFRP1 loss. Primary murine macrophages were isolated from Sfrp1-/- mice and stimulated to become either M1 or M2 macrophages, treated with recombinant SFRP1, and real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of murine specific M1/M2 markers [Egr2 (M2) and Gpr18 (M1)]. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure the expression of human specific M1/M2 markers [CD163 (M2) and HLA-DRA (M2)] in response to rSFRP1 treatment in human mammary explant tissue. RESULTS Knockdown of SFRP1 expression increases the expression of EGR2 mRNA in human mammary epithelial cells and addition of rSFRP1 decreases the expression of EGR2 when added to explant mammary gland tissues. Chemical inhibition of both TGF-β and MAPK signaling in Sfrp1-/- or knockdown mammary epithelial cells results in decreased expression of EGR2. Stimulated murine macrophages obtained from Sfrp1-/- mice and treated with rSFRP1 exhibit a reduction in Egr2 expression and an increase in Gpr18 mRNA expression. Human mammary explant tissue treated with rSFRP1 decreases CD163 protein expression whereas there was no effect on the expression of HLA-DRA. CONCLUSIONS Loss of SFRP1 likely contributes to tumor progression by altering the expression of a critical transcription factor in both the epithelium and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Gregory
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, 3601 Main St, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Morin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, 3601 Main St, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA. .,Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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327
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Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, Fukuoka T, Nakao S, Matsutani S, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. The peripheral monocyte count is associated with the density of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:404. [PMID: 28583114 PMCID: PMC5460583 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is widely recognized to play an important role in cancer progression, and the peripheral monocyte count has been reported to correlate with the prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. This is based on the hypothesis that the peripheral monocyte level and the density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the cancer microenvironment correlate with each other. However, the influence of TAMs on the prognosis and the correlation between the peripheral monocyte count and the density of TAMs have not yet been elucidated. Methods A total of 168 patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study. Preoperative blood samples were obtained at the time of the diagnosis before surgery. The expression of TAMs in the cancer microenvironment was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results The progression-free and overall survival rate were significantly worse in the high-TAMs group than in the low-TAMs group (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0207, respectively). The peripheral monocyte count was significantly associated with the number of TAMs (correlation coefficients: 0.202, p = 0.047). Conclusions The peripheral monocyte count was associated with the density of the TAMs, which created a microenvironment favorable for cancer development and were correlated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, the peripheral monocyte count is a useful prognostic marker reflecting the status of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagahara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Fukuoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigetomi Nakao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, 545-8585, Japan
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Appelbaum T, Santana E, Aguirre GD. Strong upregulation of inflammatory genes accompanies photoreceptor demise in canine models of retinal degeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177224. [PMID: 28486508 PMCID: PMC5423635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the complex pattern of the inflammatory response in early-onset canine models of human retinitis pigmentosa, rcd1, xlpra2 and erd, as well as late-onset xlpra1, in comparative manner. The time course of immune response genes and proteins expression was examined along the timeline of photoreceptors degeneration. Gene expression analysis of the early-onset models prior to and after the peak of photoreceptors death identified the involvement of multiple immune response genes including those encoding constituents of the NLRP3 inflammasome, its substrates, pro-IL1B, pro-IL18, and common components of IL1B, IL18 and TLR4 pathways. Out of two activated caspase-1 cleavage products, IL1B and IL18, only IL1B was detected in rcd1 and xlpra2 while precursor IL18 remained unprocessed in the same protein extract highlighting prominence of IL1B pathway. An overall immune response was most prominent in rcd1 followed by xlpra2 and least prominent in erd. Noticeably, in rcd1 and xlpra2, but not in erd, early induction of the immune response was accompanied by sustained intraretinal migration and activation of retinal microglia. Lastly, delayed activation of the anti-inflammatory factors in all early-onset models was insufficient to counterbalance rapidly progressing inflammation. In contrast to early-onset models, in late-onset xlpra1 retinas a subset of the pro-inflammatory genes was highly upregulated long before any disease-related structural changes occurred, but was counterbalanced by an adequate anti-inflammatory response. Results point out to upregulated immune response accompanying disease progression in animal models of retinal degeneration, and to potential benefits of early anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Appelbaum
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Santana
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gustavo D. Aguirre
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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329
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Arend KC, Lenarcic EM, Vincent HA, Rashid N, Lazear E, McDonald IM, Gilbert TSK, East MP, Herring LE, Johnson GL, Graves LM, Moorman NJ. Kinome Profiling Identifies Druggable Targets for Novel Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Antivirals. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:S263-S276. [PMID: 28237943 PMCID: PMC5393402 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.065375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a significant cause of disease in immune-compromised adults and immune naïve newborns. No vaccine exists to prevent HCMV infection, and current antiviral therapies have toxic side effects that limit the duration and intensity of their use. There is thus an urgent need for new strategies to treat HCMV infection. Repurposing existing drugs as antivirals is an attractive approach to limit the time and cost of new antiviral drug development. Virus-induced changes in infected cells are often driven by changes in cellular kinase activity, which led us to hypothesize that defining the complement of kinases (the kinome), whose abundance or expression is altered during infection would identify existing kinase inhibitors that could be repurposed as new antivirals. To this end, we applied a kinase capture technique, multiplexed kinase inhibitor bead-mass spectrometry (MIB-MS) kinome, to quantitatively measure perturbations in >240 cellular kinases simultaneously in cells infected with a laboratory-adapted (AD169) or clinical (TB40E) HCMV strain. MIB-MS profiling identified time-dependent increases and decreases in MIB binding of multiple kinases including cell cycle kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, and mitotic kinases. Based on the kinome data, we tested the antiviral effects of kinase inhibitors and other compounds, several of which are in clinical use or development. Using a novel flow cytometry-based assay and a fluorescent reporter virus we identified three compounds that inhibited HCMV replication with IC50 values of <1 μm, and at doses that were not toxic to uninfected cells. The most potent inhibitor of HCMV replication was OTSSP167 (IC50 <1.2 nm), a MELK inhibitor, blocked HCMV early gene expression and viral DNA accumulation, resulting in a >3 log decrease in virus replication. These results show the utility of MIB-MS kinome profiling for identifying existing kinase inhibitors that can potentially be repurposed as novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Arend
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology
- ¶Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Erik M Lenarcic
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology
- ¶Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Heather A Vincent
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology
- ¶Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Naim Rashid
- ¶Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
- ‖Department of Biostatistics
| | - Eric Lazear
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology
- ¶Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Laura E Herring
- §Department of Pharmacology
- **UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Core Facility University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599 North Carolina
| | | | - Lee M Graves
- §Department of Pharmacology
- **UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Core Facility University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599 North Carolina
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- From the ‡Department of Microbiology & Immunology,
- ¶Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
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330
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de Leve S, Wirsdörfer F, Cappuccini F, Schütze A, Meyer AV, Röck K, Thompson LF, Fischer JW, Stuschke M, Jendrossek V. Loss of CD73 prevents accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages and the formation of prefibrotic macrophage clusters in irradiated lungs. FASEB J 2017; 31:2869-2880. [PMID: 28325757 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While radiotherapy is a mainstay for cancer therapy, pneumonitis and fibrosis constitute dose-limiting side effects of thorax and whole body irradiation. So far, the contribution of immune cells to disease progression is largely unknown. Here we studied the role of ecto-5'-nucelotidase (CD73)/adenosine-induced changes in the myeloid compartment in radiation-induced lung fibrosis. C57BL/6 wild-type or CD73-/- mice received a single dose of whole thorax irradiation (WTI, 15 Gy). Myeloid cells were characterized in flow cytometric, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses as well as RNA analyses. WTI induced a pronounced reduction of alveolar macrophages in both strains that recovered within 6 wk. Fibrosis development in wild-type mice was associated with a time-dependent deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA) and increased expression of markers for alternative activation on alveolar macrophages. These include the antiinflammatory macrophage mannose receptor and arginase-1. Further, macrophages accumulated in organized clusters and expressed profibrotic mediators at ≥25 wk after irradiation (fibrotic phase). Irradiated CD73-/- mice showed an altered regulation of components of the HA system and no clusters of alternatively activated macrophages. We speculate that accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages in organized clusters represents the origins of fibrotic foci after WTI and is promoted by a cross-talk between HA, CD73/adenosine signaling, and other profibrotic mediators.-De Leve, S., Wirsdörfer, F., Cappuccini, F., Schütze, A., Meyer, A. V., Röck, K., Thompson, L. F., Fischer, J. W., Stuschke, M., Jendrossek, V. Loss of CD73 prevents accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages and the formation of prefibrotic macrophage clusters in irradiated lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Leve
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Federica Cappuccini
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schütze
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina V Meyer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Röck
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Linda F Thompson
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany;
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331
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Frangogiannis NG. The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the infarcted myocardium. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S52-S63. [PMID: 28446968 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity. Following myocardial infarction, sudden necrosis of cardiomyocytes triggers an intense inflammatory reaction that clears the wound from dead cells and matrix debris, while activating a reparative program. A growing body of evidence suggests that members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family critically regulate the inflammatory and reparative response following infarction. Although all three TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3) are markedly upregulated in the infarcted myocardium, information on isoform-specific actions is limited. Experimental studies have suggested that TGF-β exerts a wide range of actions on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells. The findings are often conflicting, reflecting the context-dependence of TGF-β-mediated effects; conclusions are often based exclusively on in vitro studies and on associative evidence. TGF-β has been reported to modulate cardiomyocyte survival responses, promote monocyte recruitment, inhibit macrophage pro-inflammatory gene expression, suppress adhesion molecule synthesis by endothelial cells, promote myofibroblast conversion and extracellular matrix synthesis, and mediate both angiogenic and angiostatic effects. This review manuscript discusses our understanding of the cell biological effects of TGF-β in myocardial infarction. We discuss the relative significance of downstream TGF-β-mediated Smad-dependent and -independent pathways, and the risks and challenges of therapeutic TGF-β targeting. Considering the high significance of TGF-β-mediated actions in vivo, study of cell-specific effects and dissection of downstream signaling pathways are needed in order to design safe and effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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332
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Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis, which is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States. Hepatocyte steatosis is a component of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Hepatic steatosis may be benign or progress to hepatocyte injury and the initiation of inflammation, which activates immune cells. While Kupffer cells are the resident macrophage in the liver, inflammatory cells such as infiltrating macrophages, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and DCs all contribute to liver inflammation. The inflammatory cells activate hepatic stellate cells, which are the major source of myofibroblasts in the liver. Here we review the initiation of inflammation in the liver, the liver inflammatory cells, and their crosstalk with myofibroblasts.
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