301
|
Zhang J, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Wang J, Xia J, Zhang Y, Yu X, Ma J, Huang M, Wang J, Wang L, Li Q, Cui R, Yang W, Xu Y, Feng W. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screen identifies PCMT1 as a critical driver of ovarian cancer metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:24. [PMID: 35033172 PMCID: PMC8760697 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The development of lethal cancer metastasis depends on the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, both of which are embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The acquisition of resistance to detachment-induced apoptosis, also known as anoikis, is a critical step in the metastatic cascade. Thus, a more in-depth and systematic analysis is needed to identify the key drivers of anoikis resistance. Methods Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen was used to identify critical drivers of anoikis resistance using SKOV3 cell line and found protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PCMT1) as a candidate. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immune-histochemistry (IHC) were used to measure differentially expressed PCMT1 in primary tissues and metastatic cancer tissues. PCMT1 knockdown/knockout and overexpression were performed to investigate the functional role of PCMT1 in vitro and in vivo. The expression and regulation of PCMT1 and integrin-FAK-Src pathway were evaluated using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS), western blot analysis and live cell imaging. Results We found that PCMT1 enhanced cell migration, adhesion, and spheroid formation in vitro. Interestingly, PCMT1 was released from ovarian cancer cells, and interacted with the ECM protein LAMB3, which binds to integrin and activates FAK-Src signaling to promote cancer progression. Strikingly, treatment with an antibody against extracellular PCMT1 effectively reduced ovarian cancer cell invasion and adhesion. Our in vivo results indicated that overexpression of PCMT1 led to increased ascites formation and distant metastasis, whereas knockout of PCMT1 had the opposite effect. Importantly, PCMT1 was highly expressed in late-stage metastatic tumors compared to early-stage primary tumors. Conclusions Through systematically identifying the drivers of anoikis resistance, we uncovered the contribution of PCMT1 to focal adhesion (FA) dynamics as well as cancer metastasis. Our study suggested that PCMT1 has the potential to be a therapeutic target in metastatic ovarian cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02242-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Masha Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liangzhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Qian Li
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Rutao Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
302
|
Narita T, Kondo M, Oishi Y. Macroscopic Banding Pattern of Collagen Gel Formed by a Diffusion-Reaction Process. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1014-1020. [PMID: 35036765 PMCID: PMC8756805 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shapes and patterns observed in internal organs and tissues are reproducibly and robustly produced over a long distance (up to millimeters in length). The most fundamental remaining question is how these long geometries of shape and pattern form arise from the genetic message. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular matrix (ECM) critically participates as a structural foundation on which cells can organize and communicate. ECMs may be a key to understanding the underlying mechanisms of long-distance patterning and morphogenesis. However, previous studies in this field mainly focused on the complexes and interaction of cells and ECM. This paper pays particular attention to ECM and demonstrates that collagen, a major ECM component, natively possesses the reproducible and definite patterning ability reaching centimeter-scale length. The macroscopic pattern consists of striped transparent layers. The observation under crossed Nicols demonstrates that the layers consist of alternately arranged polarized and unpolarized parts. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies revealed that the polarized and unpolarized segments include collagen-rich and -poor regions, respectively. The patterning process was proposed based on the Liesegang banding formation, which are mineral precipitation bands formed in hydrogel matrixes. These findings will give hints to the questions about long-distance cell alignment and provide new clues to artificially control cell placement over micron size in the field of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
303
|
Anti-Aging Effects of Terminalia bellirica, Phyllanthus emblica, Triphala, and Carica papaya Extracts for Sustainable Youth. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
As the human lifespan becomes longer, many people invest time and money in managing external beauty. However, managing external beauty has the disadvantage of causing side effects or that the effect does not last. Therefore, research and development are required to maximize effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and sustainably in beauty management. The purpose of this study was to experimentally identify the anti-aging effects, such as skin wrinkle and elasticity improvement, of extracts from Bahera, Phyllanthus emblica, Triphala, and Carica papaya, and to confirm their development as whitening and wrinkle functional cosmetic materials. In this study, a solid mixture was prepared using eco-friendly Terminalia bellirica, amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Triphala, and Carica papaya, and experimental samples were extracted. Antioxidant tests, antibacterial activity tests, polyphenol and flavonoid content, and deodorization tests were conducted to test the efficacy of experimental samples. The procedures and methods of these experiments are summarized in the following article. In this study, we found that the Bahera, Phyllanthus emblica, Triphala, and Carica papaya extracts had significant effects on whitening and wrinkle improvement, and that the effects of using ethanol-based extracts as the co-solvent were even greater. In other words, extracts of Bahera, Phyllanthus emblica, Triphala and Carica papaya showed antioxidant, whitening, and anti-wrinkle effects, and extracts that used ethanol as a co-solvent showed greater effects. In particular, we found that the optimal concentration of ethanol as a co-solvent maximizes its effectiveness at 70%.
Collapse
|
304
|
Şen Ö, Marino A, Pucci C, Ciofani G. Modulation of anti-angiogenic activity using ultrasound-activated nutlin-loaded piezoelectric nanovectors. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100196. [PMID: 35005600 PMCID: PMC8717239 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a fundamental role in tumor development, as it is crucial for tumor progression, metastasis development, and invasion. In this view, anti-angiogenic therapy has received considerable attention in several cancer types in order to inhibit tumor vascularization, and the progress of nanotechnology offers opportunities to target and release anti-angiogenic agents in specific diseased areas. In this work, we showed that the angiogenic behavior of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells can be inhibited by using nutlin-3a-loaded ApoE-functionalized polymeric piezoelectric nanoparticles, which can remotely respond to ultrasound stimulation. The anti-angiogenic effect, derived from the use of chemotherapy and chronic piezoelectric stimulation, leads to disruption of tubular vessel formation, decreased cell migration and invasion, and inhibition of angiogenic growth factors in the presence of migratory cues released by the tumor cells. Overall, the proposed use of remotely activated piezoelectric nanoparticles could provide a promising approach to hinder tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Şen
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
305
|
Pshennikova ES, Voronina AS. Dormancy: There and Back Again. Mol Biol 2022; 56:735-755. [PMID: 36217335 PMCID: PMC9534470 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Many cells are capable of maintaining viability in a non-dividing state with minimal metabolism under unfavorable conditions. These are germ cells, adult stem cells, and microorganisms. Unfortunately, a resting state, or dormancy, is possible for tuberculosis bacilli in a latent form of the disease and cancer cells, which may later form secondary tumors (metastases) in different parts of the body. These cells are resistant to therapy that can destroy intensely dividing cells and to the host immune system. A cascade of reactions that allows cells to enter and exit dormancy is triggered by regulatory factors from the microenvironment in niches that harbor the cells. A ratio of forbidding and permitting signals dictates whether the cells become dormant or start proliferation. The only difference between the cell dormancy regulation in normal and pathological conditions is that pathogens, mycobacteria, and cancer cells can influence their own fate by changing their microenvironment. Certain mechanisms of these processes are considered in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Pshennikova
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Voronina
- Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
306
|
Bakshi HA, Faruck HL, Ravesh Z, Ansari P, Hannan JMA, Hashimoto R, Takayama K, Farzand R, Nasef MM, Mensah A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Charbe NB, Goyal R, Negi P, Serrano-Aroca Á, Bahar B, El-Tanani M, Courtenay AJ, McCarron P, Jack IG, Tambuwala MM. Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids on Tumor Microenvironment: A Molecular Switch in Neoplasia Transformation. Integr Cancer Ther 2022; 21:15347354221096766. [PMID: 35796303 PMCID: PMC9425895 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221096766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment consists of a complex cellular network that can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on tumor genesis. Given the increasing interest in the effectiveness of cannabis, cannabinoids have gained much attention as a potential chemotherapy drug. Cannabinoids are a group of marker compounds found in Cannabis sativa L., more commonly known as marijuana, a psychoactive drug used since ancient times for pain management. Although the anticancer potential of C. sativa, has been recognized previously, increased attention was generated after discovering the endocannabinoid system and the successful production of cannabinoid receptors. In vitro and in vivo studies on various tumor models have shown therapeutic efficiency by modifying the tumor microenvironment. However, despite extensive attention regarding potential therapeutic implications of cannabinoids, considerable clinical and preclinical analysis is needed to adequately define the physiological, pharmacological, and medicinal aspects of this range of compounds in various disorders covered in this review. This review summarizes the key literature surrounding the role of cannabinoids in the tumor microenvironment and their future promise in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rabia Farzand
- University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Vijay Mishra
- Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Rohit Goyal
- Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul McCarron
- Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK
| | - Iain G Jack
- Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
307
|
Chaudhary B, Kumar P, Arya P, Singla D, Kumar V, Kumar D, S R, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G, Gupta MM. Recent Developments in the Study of the Microenvironment of Cancer and Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:1027-1053. [PMID: 36627789 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230110145513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by disrupted molecular variables caused by cells that deviate from regular signal transduction. The uncontrolled segment of such cancerous cells annihilates most of the tissues that contact them. Gene therapy, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology advancements have resulted in novel strategies for anticancer drug delivery. Furthermore, diverse dispersion of nanoparticles in normal stroma cells adversely affects the healthy cells and disrupts the crosstalk of tumour stroma. It can contribute to cancer cell progression inhibition and, conversely, to acquired resistance, enabling cancer cell metastasis and proliferation. The tumour's microenvironment is critical in controlling the dispersion and physiological activities of nano-chemotherapeutics which is one of the targeted drug therapy. As it is one of the methods of treating cancer that involves the use of medications or other substances to specifically target and kill off certain subsets of malignant cells. A targeted therapy may be administered alone or in addition to more conventional methods of care like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment. The tumour microenvironment, stromatogenesis, barriers and advancement in the drug delivery system across tumour tissue are summarised in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benu Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Shri Ram College of Pharmacy, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Preeti Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Singla
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swami Dayanand Post Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Davinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swami Dayanand Post Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Roshan S
- Department of Pharmacology, Deccan School of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| |
Collapse
|
308
|
van Lith SAM, Raavé R. Targets in nuclear medicine imaging: Past, present and future. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
309
|
Kim SJ, Khadka D, Seo JH. Interplay between Solid Tumors and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882718. [PMID: 35707536 PMCID: PMC9189309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, basic studies aimed at curing patients with cancer have been constantly evolving. A myriad of mechanistic studies on physiological changes and related factors in tumor growth and metastasis have been reported. Recently, several studies have been considerate to how tumors adapt to unfavorable environments, such as glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, hypoxic conditions, and immune responses. Tumors attempt to adapt to unfavorable environments with genetic or non-genetic changes, the alteration of metabolic signals, or the reconfiguration of their environment through migration to other organs. One of the distinct features in solid tumors is heterogeneity because their environments vary due to the characteristics of colony growth. For this reason, researchers are paying attention to the communication between growing tumors and neighboring environments, including stromal cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and secreted molecules, such as proteins and RNAs. During cancer survival and progression, tumor cells undergo phenotype and molecular changes collectively referred to as cellular plasticity, which result from microenvironment signals, genetics and epigenetic alterations thereby contributing to tumor heterogeneity and therapy response. In this review, we herein discuss the adaptation process of tumors to adverse environments via communication with neighboring cells for overcoming unfavorable growth conditions. Understanding the physiology of these tumors and their communication with the tumor environment can help to develop promising tumor treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, and Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Global/Gangwon Innovative Biologics-Regional Leading Research Center (GIB-RLRC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dipendra Khadka
- NADIANBIO Ltd., Wonkwang University, Business Incubation Center R201-1, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
- Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Ho Seo,
| |
Collapse
|
310
|
Yang T, Xiong Y, Zeng Y, Wang Y, Zeng J, Liu J, Xu S, Li LS. Current status of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989461. [PMID: 36313314 PMCID: PMC9606217 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, lung cancer is still the deadliest oncological disease in the world. Among them, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80%∼85% of all lung cancers, and its 5-year survival rate is less than 15%, making the situation critical. In the past decades, despite some clinical advances in conventional treatments, the overall survival rate of NSCLC is still not optimistic due to its unique physiological conditions and the frequent occurrence of tumor escape. In recent years, immunotherapy has become a new hot spot in lung cancer research, including antibody therapy and cell therapy, which have been developed and utilized one after another, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). These approaches have effectively improved the overall survival rate and objective response rate of NSCLC patients by enhancing the immune capacity of the body and targeting tumor cells more effectively, which is more specific and less toxic compared with conventional chemotherapy, and providing more strategies for NSCLC treatment. In this paper, we reviewed the relevant targets, clinical progress and adverse reaction in monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, ICI, bispecific antibodies, T-cell receptor engineered T cell therapy (TCR-T), Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T), and also report on their combination therapy from the immune-related background to provide better NSCLC treatment and prospective.
Collapse
|
311
|
Ławkowska K, Rosenbaum C, Petrasz P, Kluth L, Koper K, Drewa T, Pokrywczynska M, Adamowicz J. Tissue engineering in reconstructive urology-The current status and critical insights to set future directions-critical review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1040987. [PMID: 36950181 PMCID: PMC10026841 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced techniques of reconstructive urology are gradually reaching their limits in terms of their ability to restore urinary tract function and patients' quality of life. A tissue engineering-based approach to urinary tract reconstruction, utilizing cells and biomaterials, offers an opportunity to overcome current limitations. Although tissue engineering studies have been heralding the imminent introduction of this method into clinics for over a decade, tissue engineering is only marginally applied. In this review, we discuss the role of tissue engineering in reconstructive urology and try to answer the question of why such a promising technology has not proven its clinical usability so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ławkowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Clemens Rosenbaum
- Department of Urology Asklepios Klinik Barmbek Germany, Urologist in Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Piotr Petrasz
- Department of Urology Voivodeship Hospital Gorzów Wielkopolski, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Luis Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Krzysztof Koper
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Marta Pokrywczynska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Karolina Ławkowska, ; Clemens Rosenbaum, ; Piotr Petrasz, ; Krzysztof Koper, ; Luis Kluth, ; Tomasz Drewa, ; Marta Pokrywczynska, ; Jan Adamowicz,
| | | |
Collapse
|
312
|
Dholariya S, Singh RD, Radadiya M, Parchwani D, Sharma G, Mir R. Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Influence of Epigenetics on the Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Carcinogenesis: Potential Implications. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:47-64. [PMID: 37199302 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022047088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer has become a significant problem throughout the world, particularly in countries that are still developing. Recent literature supports the contribution of components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the effect of epigenetic changes happening in the cells of the TME on oral cancer development and progression. In this review, we comprehensively examine the significance of TME in the development of OC along with the current understanding of the epigenetic modifications that regulate the TME and their cohesive impact on tumor traits and their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tabuk, India
| |
Collapse
|
313
|
Das R, Fernandez JG. Biomaterials for Mimicking and Modelling Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:139-170. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
314
|
Tumor-Associated Regulatory T Cell Expression of LAIR2 Is Prognostic in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010205. [PMID: 35008369 PMCID: PMC8744930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding how the immune system navigate the tumor microenvironment is vital to developing effective drugs to treat cancer. Using gene and functional studies, we found that the collagen receptor LAIR2 is an important component of cancer regulation. When expressed in regulatory T cells, a LAIR2 containing gene signature is adversely prognostic in lung cancer. This study highlights the importance of microenvironment regulation of immune cells and provides a unique target for future therapeutic development. Abstract Cancer development requires a permissive microenvironment that is shaped by interactions between tumor cells, stroma, and the surrounding matrix. As collagen receptors, the leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (LAIR) family allows the immune system to interact with the extracellular matrix. However, little is known about their role in regulating tumor immunity and cancer progression. Methods: Genetic analysis of resected human lung adenocarcinoma was correlated to clinical-pathological characteristics, gene ontologies, and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNASeq). LAIR2 production was determined in subsets of immune cells isolated from blood leukocytes and lung adenocarcinoma tumor. Functional assays were used to determine the role of LAIR2 in tumorigenesis. Results: LAIR2 expression was adversely prognostic in lung adenocarcinoma. LAIR2 was preferentially produced by activated CD4+ T cells and enhanced in vitro tumor invasion into collagen. scRNASeq analysis of tumor infiltrating T cells revealed that LAIR2 expression co-localized with FOXP3 expressing cells and shared a transcriptional signature with tumor-associated regulatory T (Treg) cells. A CD4+ LAIR2+ Treg gene signature was prognostically significant in the TCGA dataset (n = 439; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.77, p = 0.018) and validated in NCI Director’s Challenge lung adenocarcinoma dataset (n = 488; HR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.14–2.09, p = 0.0045). Conclusions: Our data support a role for LAIR2 in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and identify a CD4+ LAIR2+ Treg gene signature in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. LAIR2 provides a novel target for development of immunotherapies.
Collapse
|
315
|
Bui S, Mejia I, Díaz B, Wang Y. Adaptation of the Golgi Apparatus in Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:806482. [PMID: 34957124 PMCID: PMC8703019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.806482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in normal cell physiology by promoting cell survival, facilitating proliferation, and enabling cell-cell communication and migration. These roles are partially mediated by well-known Golgi functions, including post-translational modifications, lipid biosynthesis, intracellular trafficking, and protein secretion. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that the Golgi plays a critical role in sensing and integrating external and internal cues to promote cellular homeostasis. Indeed, the unique structure of the mammalian Golgi can be fine-tuned to adapt different Golgi functions to specific cellular needs. This is particularly relevant in the context of cancer, where unrestrained proliferation and aberrant survival and migration increase the demands in Golgi functions, as well as the need for Golgi-dependent sensing and adaptation to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Here, we review and discuss current understanding of how the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus is influenced by oncogenic transformation, and how this adaptation may facilitate cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Isabel Mejia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
316
|
Dong Y, Lyu L, Wen H, Shi B. Brain and Pituitary Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Differential Regulation of Reproduction-Related LncRNAs and mRNAs in Cynoglossus semilaevis. Front Genet 2021; 12:802953. [PMID: 34956338 PMCID: PMC8696122 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.802953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be involved in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) reproduction. However, studies of their roles in reproduction have focused mainly on the ovary, and their expression patterns and potential roles in the brain and pituitary are unclear. Thus, to explore the mRNAs and lncRNAs that are closely associated with reproduction in the brain and pituitary, we collected tongue sole brain and pituitary tissues at three stages for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), the 5,135 and 5,630 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 378 and 532 DE lncRNAs were identified in the brain and pituitary, respectively. The RNA-seq results were verified by RT-qPCR. Moreover, enrichment analyses were performed to analyze the functions of DE mRNAs and lncRNAs. Interestingly, their involvement in pathways related to metabolism, signal transduction and endocrine signaling was revealed. LncRNA-target gene interaction networks were constructed based on antisense, cis and trans regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, we constructed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. In summary, this study provides mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in the brain and pituitary to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating tongue sole reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Dong
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean Unversity of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean Unversity of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Ocean Unversity of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
317
|
An injectable self-assembling hydrogel based on RGD peptidomimetic β-sheets as multifunctional biomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112633. [PMID: 35527136 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ability of the cells to adhere to an extracellular material is central to successful tissue genesis. Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequences found in extracellular matrix proteins are well known for cell adhesion, however, enzymatic degradation and lack of specificity have limited their widespread use. Besides, a multifunctional material with inherent antimicrobial ability would help in invigorating the practical tissue engineering applications. Here, we report novel modified RGD (MR) and RGD mimic [R(K)] peptides (MOH and MNH2) which were synthesized post-in-silico screening, based on their interactions with integrin protein αVβ3 using HEX 8.0 docking server. These mimics, containing hydrophobic Phe-Phe (FF) moiety which has been specifically introduced to initiate the self-assembling process of β-sheet structures, were characterized thoroughly using various physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Under physiological conditions, these mimetics displayed thixotropic behavior rendering them highly suitable as injectable hydrogels having an added advantage of site-specific targeting abilities. Electron microscopy further revealed the formation of nanofibers upon self-assembly of these peptides. Besides, enhanced cell adhesiveness by these peptides compared to the commercial Poly l-lysine coated surfaces as well as the inherent antimicrobial potential against both sensitive and antibiotic-resistant pathogens (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multi-drug resistant Salmonella enteritidis) substantiated the applicability of these unique injectable hydrogels wherein the porous fibrous framework offered a favorable environment for drug entrapment and 3D cell culture. Altogether, these properties render these novel RGD mimic peptides as promising multifunctional candidates for various tissue regenerative applications.
Collapse
|
318
|
Liu X, Wang C, Yang Q, Yuan Y, Sheng Y, Li D, Ojha SC, Sun C, Deng C. AC093797.1 as a Potential Biomarker to Indicate the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration by Reprogramming Cell Metabolism and Extracellular Matrix Dynamics. Front Genet 2021; 12:778742. [PMID: 34925460 PMCID: PMC8678093 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.778742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The risk signature composed of four lncRNA (AC093797.1, POLR2J4, AL121748.1, and AL162231.4.) can be used to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical significance and biological function of AC093797.1 are still unexplored in HCC or other malignant tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function of AC093797.1 in HCC and screen the candidate hub genes and pathways related to hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods: RT-qPCR was employed to detect AC093797.1 in HCC tissues and cell lines. The role of AC093797.1 in HCC was evaluated via the cell-counting kit-8, transwell, and wound healing assays. The effects of AC093797.1 on tumor growth in vivo were clarified by nude mice tumor formation experiments. Then, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis based on subcutaneous tumor tissue was performed to identify the hub genes and pathways associated with HCC. Results: The expression of AC093797.1 decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines, and patients with low expressed AC093797.1 had poor overall survival (OS). AC093797.1 overexpression impeded HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Compared with the control group, 710 differentially expressed genes (243 upregulated genes and 467 downregulated genes) were filtered via RNA-sequencing, which mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, extracellular matrix structure constituents, cell adhesion molecules cams, signaling to Ras, and signaling to ERKs. Conclusion: AC093797.1 may inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in HCC by reprograming cell metabolism or regulating several pathways, suggesting that AC093797.1 might be a potential therapeutic and prognostic marker for HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yunjian Sheng
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Decheng Li
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changfeng Sun
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cunliang Deng
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
319
|
Tang L, Xiao Q, Mei Y, He S, Zhang Z, Wang R, Wang W. Insights on functionalized carbon nanotubes for cancer theranostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:423. [PMID: 34915901 PMCID: PMC8679967 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the exciting breakthroughs in medical technology, cancer still accounts for one of the principle triggers of death and conventional therapeutic modalities often fail to attain an effective cure. Recently, nanobiotechnology has made huge advancement in cancer therapy with gigantic application potential because of their ability in achieving precise and controlled drug release, elevating drug solubility and reducing adverse effects. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one of the most promising carbon-related nanomaterials, have already achieved much success in biomedical field. Due to their excellent optical property, thermal and electronic conductivity, easy functionalization ability and high drug loading capacity, CNTs can be applied in a multifunctional way for cancer treatment and diagnosis. In this review, we will give an overview of the recent progress of CNT-based drug delivery systems in cancer theranostics, which emphasizes their targetability to intracellular components of tumor cells and extracellular elements in tumor microenvironment. Moreover, a detailed introduction on how CNTs penetrate inside the tumor cells to reach their sites of action and achieve the therapeutic effects, as well as their diagnostic applications will be highlighted. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaqia Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
320
|
Rojas A, Lindner C, Schneider I, Gonzàlez I, Araya H, Morales E, Gómez M, Urdaneta N, Araya P, Morales MA. Diabetes mellitus contribution to the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1997-2012. [PMID: 35070037 PMCID: PMC8713306 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling pieces of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial contribution of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality in many human neoplasms, including gastric cancer (GC). DM is considered a systemic inflammatory disease and therefore, this inflammatory status may have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly by driving many molecular mechanisms to generate a more aggressive TME. DM is an active driver in the modification of the behavior of many cell components of the TME as well as altering the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to an increased ECM stiffening. Additionally, DM can alter many cellular signaling mechanisms and thus favoring tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic potential, as well as key elements in regulating cellular functions and cross-talks, such as the microRNAs network, the production, and cargo of exosomes, the metabolism of cell stroma and resistance to hypoxia. In the present review, we intend to highlight the mechanistic contributions of DM to the remodeling of TME in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Iván Schneider
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzàlez
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Hernan Araya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Anatomía Patologica, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Milibeth Gómez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Nelson Urdaneta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
321
|
Jiang Z, Liao G, Yang Y, Lan Y, Xu L, Yan M, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Liu W, Bai J, Xiao Y, Li X. Analysis of Mutations and Dysregulated Pathways Unravels Carcinogenic Effect and Clinical Actionability of Mutational Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:768981. [PMID: 34901014 PMCID: PMC8652146 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations accumulate over time in cancer cells as a consequence of mutational processes. However, the role of mutational processes in carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we infer the causal relationship between mutational processes and somatic mutations in 5,828 samples spanning 34 cancer subtypes. We found most mutational processes cause abundant recurrent mutations in cancer genes, while exceptionally ultraviolet exposure and altered activity of the error-prone polymerase bring a large number of recurrent non-driver mutations. Furthermore, some mutations are specifically induced by a certain mutational process, such as IDH1 p.R132H which is mainly caused by spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine. At the pathway level, clock-like mutational processes extensively trigger mutations to dysregulate cancer signal transduction pathways. In addition, APOBEC mutational process destroys DNA double-strand break repair pathway, and bladder cancer patients with high APOBEC activity, though with homologous recombination proficient, show a significantly longer overall survival with platinum regimens. These findings help to understand how mutational processes act on the genome to promote carcinogenesis, and further, presents novel insights for cancer prevention and treatment, as our results showing, APOBEC mutagenesis and HRD synergistically contributed to the clinical benefits of platinum-based treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gaoming Liao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiran Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujia Lan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Yan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of High Throughput Omics Big Data for Cold Region's Major Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of High Throughput Omics Big Data for Cold Region's Major Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of High Throughput Omics Big Data for Cold Region's Major Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
322
|
Gu M, He T, Yuan Y, Duan S, Li X, Shen C. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Multiple Pathways and the Tumor Microenvironment Could Lead to Chemotherapy Resistance in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753386. [PMID: 34900703 PMCID: PMC8662819 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers worldwide. The tumor microenvironment significantly influences the therapeutic response and clinical outcome. However, the complex tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer and the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance are not well studied. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze cells from pretreated and chemoresistant cervical cancer tissues to generate a molecular census of cell populations. Methods Biopsy tissues collected from patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma, and chronic cervicitis were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing using the 10× Genomics platform. Unsupervised clustering analysis of cells was performed to identify the main cell types, and important cell clusters were reclustered into subpopulations. Gene expression profiles and functional enrichment analysis were used to explore gene expression and functional differences between cell subpopulations in cervicitis and cervical cancer samples and between chemoresistant and chemosensitive samples. Results A total of 24,371 cells were clustered into nine separate cell types, including immune and non-immune cells. Differentially expressed genes between chemoresistant and chemosensitive patients enriched in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway were involved in tumor development, progression, and apoptosis, which might lead to chemotherapy resistance. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the cancer microenvironment landscape and characterizes its gene expression and functional difference in chemotherapy resistance. Consequently, our study deepens the insights into cervical cancer biology through the identification of gene markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ti He
- Department of Scientific Research & Industrial Application, Beijing Microread Genetics Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Suling Duan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gynecology 2, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
323
|
Yang L, Lu P, Yang X, Li K, Chen X, Qu S. Excavating novel diagnostic and prognostic long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an integrated bioinformatics analysis of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and gene co-expression networks. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12821-12838. [PMID: 34898376 PMCID: PMC8810019 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to fine-tune gene regulations that govern a broad spectrum of oncogenic processes. Nonetheless, our understanding of the roles of lncRNAs and their interactions with miRNAs and mRNAs in HNSCC is still highly rudimentary. Here, we present a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis in which competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network construction and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were combined to explore novel diagnostic and prognostic lncRNAs for HNSCC. Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs), miRNAs (DEMs) and lncRNAs (DELs) were identified based on the RNA sequencing data and clinical data retrieved from TCGA database. LncRNA-regulated ceRNA networks were constructed based on the interactive RNA pairs predicted by miRDB, miRcode and TargetScan. WGCNA was conducted to identify lncRNAs that were significantly correlated with patient overall survival (OS) and HNSCC tumor. RT-qPCR was employed to validate the expression of lncRNAs in HNSCC cell lines and patient sera. A ceRNA network consisting of 90 DEGs, 7 DEMs and 67 DELs associated with clinical traits was established. WGCNA and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that 5 DELs (MIR4435-2 HG, CASC9, LINC01980, STARD4-AS1 and MIR99AHG) were significantly correlated with OS of HNSCC patients, whereas DEL PART1 was most significantly correlated with the HNSCC tumor. The in silico predicted expression patterns of PART1, LINC01980 and MIR4435-2 HG were further validated in HNSCC cell lines and patient sera. Collectively, the present study provided novel insights into the lncRNA-regulated ceRNA networks in HNSCC and identified novel lncRNAs that harbor diagnostic and prognostic potentials for HNSCC.Abbreviations BP, biological process. CC, cellular component. ceRNA, competing endogenous RNA. DEG, differential expressions of mRNA. DEL, differentially expressed lncRNA. DEM, differentially expressed miRNA. ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. FPKM, Fragments Per Kilobase Million. GO, Gene Ontology. GS, gene significance. HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. LncRNA, long non-coding RNA. MCC, Maximal Clique Centrality. ME, module eigengenes. MF, molecular functions. MM, module membership. MRE, miRNA-binding site. MYO5A, Myosin-Va. PART1, prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1. RBM3, RNA‑binding motif protein 3. TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas. TOM, topological overlap measure. TSCC, tongue squamous cell carcinoma. WGCNA, weighted gene co-expression network analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Pingan Lu
- Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiguo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xuxia Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Song Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence Tumor Prevention & Treatment, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
324
|
Structural Biology of the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:91-100. [PMID: 34888845 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers can be described as "rogue organs" (Balkwill FR, Capasso M, Hagemann T, J Cell Sci 125:5591-5596, 2012) because they are composed of multiple cell types and tissues. The transformed cells can recruit and alter healthy cells from surrounding tissues for their own benefit. It is these interactions that create the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME describes the cells, factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that make up the tumor and the area around it; the biology of the TME influences tumor progression. Changes in the TME can lead to the growth and development of the tumor, the death of the tumor, or tumor metastasis. Metastasis is the process by which cancer spreads from its initial site to a different part of the body. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells enter the circulatory system or lymphatic system after they break away from a tumor. Once the cells leave, they can travel to a different part of the body and form new tumors. Therefore, understanding the TME is critical to fully understand cancer and find a way to successfully combat it. Knowledge of the TME can better inform researchers of the ability of potential therapies to reach tumor cells. It can also give researchers potential targets to kill the tumor. Instead of directly killing the cancer cells, therapies can target an aspect of the TME which could then halt tumor development or lead to tumor death. In other cases, targeting another aspect of the TME could make it easier for another therapy to kill the cancer cells, for example, using nanoparticles with collagenases to target the collagen in the surrounding environment to expose the cancer cells to drugs (Zinger A, et al, ACS Nano 13(10):11008-11021, 2019).The TME can be split simply into cells and the structural matrix. Within these groups are fibroblasts, structural proteins, immune cells, lymphocytes, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules (Spill F, et al, Curr Opin Biotechnol 40:41-48, 2016; Del Prete A, et al, Curr Opin Pharmacol 35:40-47, 2017; Arneth B, Medicina (Kaunas) 56(1), 2019). From structure to providing nutrients for growth, each of these components plays a critical role in tumor maintenance. Together these components impact cancer growth, development, and resistance to therapies (Hanahan D, Coussens LM, Cancer Cell 21:309-322, 2012). In this chapter, we will describe the TME and express the importance of the cellular and structural elements of the TME.
Collapse
|
325
|
Rabelo ACS, Borghesi J, Noratto GD. The role of dietary polyphenols in osteosarcoma: A possible clue about the molecular mechanisms involved in a process that is just in its infancy. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14026. [PMID: 34873724 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor mainly affecting children, teenagers and young adults, being associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. The beneficial effects of polyphenols have been investigated in different areas, including their potential to fight OS. Polyphenols are believed to reduce morbidity and/or slow down the development of cancer. This review aimed to assess the effect of polyphenols in OS and investigate their molecular mechanisms. It was observed that the broad spectrum of health-promoting properties of plant polyphenols in OS occurs mainly due to modulation of reactive oxygen species, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis inducer, inhibition of invasion and metastasis. However, it is worth mentioning that although the promising effects of polyphenols in the fight against OS, most of the studies have been performed using in vitro and in vivo animal models. Therefore, studies in humans are needed to validate the effectiveness of polyphenols in OS treatment. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polyphenols are widely used for various diseases, however, until now, their real role in the treatment of osteosarcoma remains unknown. This review provides a broad spectrum of research conducted with polyphenols and their potential as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, prior to their clinical application for osteosarcoma treatment, there is a need to isolate and identify specific polyphenolic compounds with high antitumor activity, increase their oral bioavailability, and to investigate their interactions with chemotherapeutic drugs being used in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Borghesi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuliana D Noratto
- Departament of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
326
|
Hou S, Wang J, Li W, Hao X, Hang Q. Roles of Integrins in Gastrointestinal Cancer Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:708779. [PMID: 34869579 PMCID: PMC8634653 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.708779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which mediate cell adhesion and transmit signals to the cell interior. The mechanistic roles of integrins have long been an enigma in cancer, given its complexity in regulating different cellular behaviors. Recently, however, increasing research is providing new insights into its function and the underlying mechanisms, which collectively include the influences of altered integrin expression on the aberrant signaling pathways and cancer progression. Many studies have also demonstrated the potentiality of integrins as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports and put a particular emphasis on the dysregulated expression of integrins and how they regulate related signaling pathways to facilitate the metastatic progression of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), which will address the crucial roles of integrins in gastrointestinal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
327
|
Guan XY, Guan XL, Jiao ZY. Improving therapeutic resistance: beginning with targeting the tumor microenvironment. J Chemother 2021; 34:492-516. [PMID: 34873999 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.2011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious threat to human health and life. The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only plays a key role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer, but also has a profound impact on treatment resistance. To improve and solve this problem, an increasing number of strategies targeting the TME have been proposed, and great progress has been made in recent years. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of the main matrix components of the TME and the mechanisms by which each component affects drug resistance. Furthermore, this article elaborates on targeting the TME as a strategy to treat acquired drug resistance, reduce tumor metastasis, recurrence, and improve efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Guan
- Pathology Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Li Guan
- General Medicine Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zuo-Yi Jiao
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
328
|
Cui Y, Miao C, Liu S, Tang J, Zhang J, Bu H, Wang Y, Liang C, Bao M, Hou C, Wu J, Chen X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Liu B. Clusterin suppresses invasion and metastasis of testicular seminoma by upregulating COL15a1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1336-1350. [PMID: 34853731 PMCID: PMC8608570 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Seminoma is the most common subtype of testicular germ cell tumor, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clusterin (CLU) expression was found to be downregulated in testicular seminoma in our previous study. We now expanded the sample size, and further indicated that CLU expression correlates with tumor stage. Tcam-2 cell line was used to investigate the CLU function in testicular seminoma, and CLU was found to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis abilities. Besides, extracellular matrix protein COL15a1 was demonstrated as the downstream of CLU to affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process via competitively binding to DDR1 with COL1A1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of PYK2. MEF2A was found to interact with CLU and bind to the promoter of COL15a1 and so upregulate its expression. This is the first study using testicular xenografts in situ to simulate testicular seminoma metastatic and proliferative capacities. In conclusion, CLU acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit the metastasis of testicular seminoma by interacting with MEF2A to upregulate COL15a1 and blocking the EMT process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yankang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenkui Miao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shouyong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Hengtao Bu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meiling Bao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaochao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
329
|
Lessi F, Aretini P, Rizzo M, Morelli M, Menicagli M, Franceschi S, Mazzanti CM. Analysis of exosome-derived microRNAs reveals insights of intercellular communication during invasion of breast, prostate and glioblastoma cancer cells. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:180-201. [PMID: 34157951 PMCID: PMC8224203 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1935407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs represent a mechanism that regulates gene expression in many pathological conditions. Exosomes are known to be secreted from all types of cells, and the exosomes-released molecules are crucial messengers that can regulate cellular processes. We investigated the miRNAs content of exosomes released by cancer cells during the invasion . An invasion stimulus has been generated through scratches created on the confluent cells of cancer cell lines: glioblastoma, breast and prostate cancers.Several miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially abundant during the cell invasion , both in common among different cell lines and exclusive. Understanding the language codes among cells involved in invasion can lead to the development of therapies that can inhibit cellular communication, slowing or eventually stopping their activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Milena Rizzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
330
|
Curcumin derivative ST09 modulates the miR-199a-5p/DDR1 axis and regulates proliferation and migration in ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23025. [PMID: 34837026 PMCID: PMC8626492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are among the fatal malignancies affecting women globally, mainly due to their metastatic and chemoresistant nature. In this study, we report a potent curcumin derivative ST09 effective against ovarian cancers. Prior in-vitro studies with ST09 drug showed cytotoxicity in tumorigenic cells compared to normal cells and in-vivo, significant tumor reduction was observed with least systemic toxicity. ST09 induced cytotoxicity in the ovarian cancer cells triggering mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Delving deeper to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis, we identified an inverse correlation of miR-199a-5p with DDR1, a collagen receptor with receptor tyrosine kinase activity. The ST09 treatment in ovarian cancer cell lines resulted in the deregulation of the miR-199a-5p/DDR1 axis, conferring tumor-suppressive functions. We established DDR1 to be a direct target of miR-199a-5p and that ST09-induced DDR1 loss in these ovarian cancer cells resulted in the inactivation of its downstream MMP activation, migration, EMT, and prosurvival NF-κB pathway. Overall this study demonstrates ST09, a potent drug candidate for ovarian cancer treatment which exhibits anti-invasive and migrastatic properties.
Collapse
|
331
|
Deng L, Wang D, Chen S, Hu W, Zhang R. Epiphycan Predicts Poor Outcomes and Promotes Metastasis in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653782. [PMID: 34888227 PMCID: PMC8650094 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family is widely expressed in extracellular matrix and aggravates tumor progression. However, epiphycan (EPYC), as a member of the SLRPs family, its biological function in cancer has not been confirmed. Thus, we aimed to clarify the role of EPYC in progression of ovarian cancer (OC), and further analyze the molecular mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we analyzed the differential expression genes of GSE38734, including 4 matched primary OC and metastatic tissues. We obtained OC RNAseqs data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed the correlation between EPYC expression and OC staging, pathological grading, etc. The expression of EPYC in OC and normal ovarian tissues was compared in Oncomine website. We used siRNAs to interfere the expression of EPYC in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3. Scratch test, transwell-matrigel chamber, CCK8 assay were used to detect the changes of SKOV3 migration, invasion and proliferation ability after EPYC was interfered. We used R software to make GO and KEGG analysis of related genes of EPYC. We used the Hitpredict website to predict interacting proteins. The results showed that the expression of EPYC in metastatic ovarian cancer was higher than primary ovarian cancer, and that in primary cancer was higher than normal ovaries. After siRNA interferes with EPYC expression, the migration, invasion and proliferation of SKOV3 cells were weakened. EPYC mainly played a role in ECM organization, and involved in PI3K/Akt, focal adhesion signaling pathways. EPYC might interact with PLCG2 and CRK, and be involved in signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- Department of Gynaecology, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Department of Gynaecology, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
332
|
Orts DJB, Arcisio-Miranda M. Cell glycosaminoglycans content modulates human voltage-gated proton channel (H V 1) gating. FEBS J 2021; 289:2593-2612. [PMID: 34800064 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated proton channels (HV 1) have been found in many mammalian cells and play a crucial role in the immune system, male fertility, and cancer progression. Glycosaminoglycans play a significant role in various aspects of cell physiology, including the modulation of membrane receptors and ion channel function. We present here evidence that mechanosensitivity of the dimeric HV 1 channel transduce changes on cell membrane fluidity related to the defective biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-745) cells into a leftward shift in the activation voltage dependence. This effect was accompanied by an increase in the H+ current, and an acceleration of the activation kinetics, under symmetrical or asymmetrical pH gradient (ΔpH) conditions. Similar gating alterations were evoked by two naturally occurring HV 1 N-terminal truncated isoforms expressed in wild-type CHO-K1 and CHO-745 cells. On three different monomeric HV 1 constructs, no alterations in the biophysical parameters were observed. Moreover, we have shown that HV 1 gating can be modulated by manipulating CHO-K1 cell membrane fluidity. Our results suggest that the defective biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate on CHO-745 cell increases membrane fluidity and allosterically modulates the coupling between voltage- and ΔpH-sensing through the dimeric HV 1 channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego J B Orts
- Departamento de Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Estrutural e Funcional (LaNEF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Brasil
| | - Manoel Arcisio-Miranda
- Departamento de Biofísica, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Estrutural e Funcional (LaNEF), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
333
|
Chen J, Apizi A, Wang L, Wu G, Zhu Z, Yao H, Chen G, Shi X, Shi B, Tai Q, Shen C, Zhou G, Wu L, He S. TCGA database analysis of the tumor mutation burden and its clinical significance in colon cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:2244-2259. [PMID: 34790389 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with high rates of incidence and death. The tumor mutational burden (TMB), which is characterized by microsatellite instability, has been becoming a powerful predictor which can show tumor behavior and response to immunotherapy. Methods In this study, we analyzed 437 mutation data of colon cancer samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and divided patients into low- and high-TMB groups according to the TMB value. Then we identified differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), conducted immune cell infiltration and survival analyses between groups. Results The higher TMB of the patients with colon cancer predicts a poorer prognosis. Functional analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of the top 30 core genes. The CIBER-SORT algorithm was used to investigate the correlation between the immune cells and TMB subtypes. An immune prognosis model was constructed to screen out immune genes related to prognosis, and the tumor immunity assessment resource (TIMER) was then used to determine the correlation between gene expression and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets in colon cancer. We observed that APC, TP53, TTN, KRAS, MUC16, SYNE1, PIK3CA have higher somatic mutations. DEGs enrichment analysis showed that they are involved in the regulation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, the calcium signaling pathway, and pantothenate and Coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. The difference in the abundance of various white blood cell subtypes showed that Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells (P=0.008), activated CD4 memory T cells (P=0.019), M1 macrophages (P=0.002), follicular helper T cells (P=0.034), activated Natural killer (NK cell) cells (P=0.017) increased remarkably, while M0 macrophages significantly reduced (P=0.025). The two immune model genes showed that secretin (SCT) was negatively correlated with survival, while Guanylate cyclase activator 2A (GUCA2A) was positively correlated. Conclusions This study conducted a systematically comprehensive analysis of the prediction and clinical significance of TMB in colon cancer in identification, monitoring, and prognosis of colon cancer, and providing reference information for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Anwaier Apizi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guanting Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huihui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingliang Tai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
334
|
Leng X, Japaer R, Zhang H, Yeerlan M, Ma F, Ding J. Relationship of shear wave elastography anisotropy with tumor stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 34789199 PMCID: PMC8600915 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is to examine the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) anisotropy in assessing the prognosis of breast cancer. Methods We enrolled 119 breast cancer patients from January 2017 to October 2019. SWE was performed before operation. Emax (maximum elasticity value), Emean (average elasticity value), Esd (standard deviation of the lesion elasticity value), Eratio (elasticity value of adipose tissue), anisotropy coefficient and difference were recorded. After operation, we collected clinical pathological data, and performed immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR tests on CD44, CD24, E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and N-cadherin. Finally, we analyzed the correlation among parameters of SWE, anisotropy and clinicopathology, and markers of CSCs (cancer stem cells) and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). Results Emax, Emean and Esd of the cross section were higher than those of the longitudinal section. Breast cancer with a higher elastic modulus was often accompanied by a hyperechoic halo, which was manifested as mixed echo and post-echo attenuation, and was accompanied by a higher BI-RADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) classification. When breast cancer had hyperechoic halo and weakened posterior echo, SWE of the lesion showed more obvious anisotropy. In addition, larger diameter of the longitudinal section indicated higher stiffness of the cross section. Correlation analysis showed that E-cadherin was negatively correlated with SWE in longitudinal section. CD44, N-cadherin, β-catenin were positively correlated with SWE in longitudinal and cross sections. Vimentin and CD24 had no correlation with SWE parameters. Conclusion SWE of breast cancer is anisotropic. The cross-sectional SWE is better than the longitudinal SWE, Emax is better than Emean, the anisotropy of SWE is better than SWE, and the anisotropy factor is better than the anisotropy difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Leng
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Rexida Japaer
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mila Yeerlan
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Xinshi District, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China. .,School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
335
|
Aman S, Li Y, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Lv L, Li B, Xia K, Li S, Wu H. DACH1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by down-regulating the transcription of matrix metalloproteinase 9. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:351. [PMID: 34772908 PMCID: PMC8590022 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) is usually defined as a tumor suppressor, which plays an influential role in tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms in these process are not yet fully clarified. In this study, DACH1 inhibited the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells by decreasing MMP9 expression. Mechanistically, DACH1 represses the transcriptional level of MMP9 by interacting with p65 and c-Jun at the NF-κB and AP-1 binding sites in MMP9 promoter respectively, and the association of DACH1 and p65 promote the recruitment of HDAC1 to the NF-κB binding site in MMP9 promoter, resulting in the reduction of the acetylation level and the transcriptional activity of p65. Accordingly, the level of MMP9 was decreased. In conclusion, we found a new mechanism that DACH1 could inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of MMP9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattout Aman
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunmeng Cheng
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Kangkai Xia
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
336
|
Giwa A, Rossouw SC, Fatai A, Gamieldien J, Christoffels A, Bendou H. Predicting amplification of MYCN using CpG methylation biomarkers in neuroblastoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4769-4783. [PMID: 34751044 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Amplification of MYCN in neuroblastoma is a predictor of poor prognosis. Materials and methods: DNA methylation data from the TARGET data matrix were stratified into MYCN amplified and non-amplified groups. Differential methylation analysis, clustering, recursive feature elimination (RFE), machine learning (ML), Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier estimates were performed. Results and Conclusion: 663 CpGs were differentially methylated between the two groups. A total of 25 CpGs were selected by RFE for clustering and ML, and a 100% clustering accuracy was obtained. ML validation on three external datasets produced high accuracy scores of 100%, 97% and 93%. Eight survival-associated CpGs were also identified. Therapeutic interventions may need to be targeted to patient subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulazeez Giwa
- SAMRC Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Sophia Catherine Rossouw
- SAMRC Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Azeez Fatai
- Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, Nigeria
| | - Junaid Gamieldien
- SAMRC Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Alan Christoffels
- SAMRC Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Hocine Bendou
- SAMRC Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
337
|
Zemła J, Iyer PS, Pyka-Fościak G, Mermod N, Lekka M. Rheological properties of skeletal muscles in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy murine model before and after autologous cell therapy. J Biomech 2021; 128:110770. [PMID: 34628203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is still an incurable muscle degenerative disease; thus, numerous studies focused on novel therapeutic approaches. However, a simple assay of muscle function restoration remains needed. Herein, we used an oscillatory shear rheometer to evaluate changes in rheological properties of mouse muscles (tibialis anterior, TA) and their restoration upon autologous cell therapy by comparing the viscoelastic properties of normal, diseased and treated muscles. Amplitude sweep tests of muscle samples were performed under 20% compression over a range of shear strain between 0.01 and 2% and frequency of 1 rad/s. The samples were tested in plane-plane geometry and horizontal myofiber alignment. Typical linear viscoelastic region (LVER) patterns were found for each muscle type. For healthy muscles, a broad LVER between shear deformations (γ) of 0.013-0.62% was observed. The LVER of DMD mdx/SCID muscles was found at 0.14% to 0.46% shear deformation, and no shear dependence of storage (G') and loss (G") moduli at γ range changing from 0.034% to 0.26% was found for transplanted tissues. G'LVER and G"LVER moduli of healthy muscles were significantly higher than G'LVER and G"LVER of dystrophic tissues. Additionally, muscle resistance assessment by rheometer indicated that muscles transplanted with stem cells restored elastic properties to levels close to those of healthy muscles. Interestingly, histological staining and rheological data indicate that the loss factor is strongly related to structural changes of examined muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zemła
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Pavithra S Iyer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grażyna Pyka-Fościak
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Nicolas Mermod
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
338
|
Withnell E, Zhang X, Sun K, Guo Y. XOmiVAE: an interpretable deep learning model for cancer classification using high-dimensional omics data. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbab315. [PMID: 34402865 PMCID: PMC8575033 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of explainability is one of the most prominent disadvantages of deep learning applications in omics. This 'black box' problem can undermine the credibility and limit the practical implementation of biomedical deep learning models. Here we present XOmiVAE, a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based interpretable deep learning model for cancer classification using high-dimensional omics data. XOmiVAE is capable of revealing the contribution of each gene and latent dimension for each classification prediction and the correlation between each gene and each latent dimension. It is also demonstrated that XOmiVAE can explain not only the supervised classification but also the unsupervised clustering results from the deep learning network. To the best of our knowledge, XOmiVAE is one of the first activation level-based interpretable deep learning models explaining novel clusters generated by VAE. The explainable results generated by XOmiVAE were validated by both the performance of downstream tasks and the biomedical knowledge. In our experiments, XOmiVAE explanations of deep learning-based cancer classification and clustering aligned with current domain knowledge including biological annotation and academic literature, which shows great potential for novel biomedical knowledge discovery from deep learning models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Withnell
- Data Science Institute Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
- Department of Health Informatics University College London, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Data Science Institute Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Kai Sun
- Data Science Institute Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
- Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
339
|
He Y, Liu T, Dai S, Xu Z, Wang L, Luo F. Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix: How to Be a Potential Aide to Anti-tumor Immunotherapy? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739161. [PMID: 34733848 PMCID: PMC8558531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, has made major breakthroughs in the therapy of cancers. However, less than one-third of the cancer patients obtain significant and long-lasting therapeutic effects by cancer immunotherapy. Over the past few decades, cancer-related inflammations have been gradually more familiar to us. It’s known that chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a predominant role in tumor immunosuppression. Tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM), as a core member of TME, has been a research hotspot recently. A growing number of studies indicate that tumor-associated ECM is one of the major obstacles to realizing more successful cases of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discussed the potential application of tumor-associated ECM in the cancer immunity and its aide potentialities to anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Oncology Department, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
340
|
Huang H, Xie L, Feng X, Zheng Z, Ouyang J, Li Y, Yu J. An integrated analysis of DNA promoter methylation, microRNA regulation, and gene expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1414. [PMID: 34733966 PMCID: PMC8506766 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), a common type of gastric cancer, poses a significant public health threat worldwide. This study aimed to determine the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of GAC. Methods HTSeq-FPKM raw data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma data collection. Subsequently, the limma package in R was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Differentially methylated genes (DMGs), DEGs, and differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in normal, and tumor tissues of the same patients were screened and compared using R software tools. A functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for various DEGs, DMGs, promoter methylation, and miRNAs. DEG-specific methylation and transcription factors were analyzed using ENCODE ChIP-seq. Results DEGs were centrally modified by the histone trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). Upstream transcription factors of DEGs were enriched in different ChIP-seq clusters, such as Forkhead Box M1, E2F Transcription Factor 4, and suppressor of zest 12. Integrated regulatory networks of DEGs, promoter methylation, and miRNAs were constructed. Two miRNAs (hsa-mir-1 and hsa-mir-133a) and four DEGs (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12, transcription factor AP-2 alpha, solute carrier family 5 member 7, and cadherin 19) separately played important roles in the integrated regulatory network. Therefore, these DEGs, DMGs, promoter methylation, and miRNAs may play an important role in GAC pathogenesis. Conclusions In summary, the present study results provide insights into the oncogenesis and progression of GAC, thus accelerating the development of novel targeted GAC therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Huang
- Department of General Surgery of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Xie
- Department of General Surgery of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of General Surgery of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juntao Ouyang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
341
|
Mason LD, Chava S, Reddi KK, Gupta R. The BRD9/7 Inhibitor TP-472 Blocks Melanoma Tumor Growth by Suppressing ECM-Mediated Oncogenic Signaling and Inducing Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215516. [PMID: 34771678 PMCID: PMC8582741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for the majority of all skin cancer-related deaths and only 1/3rd of melanoma patients with distal metastasis survive beyond five years. However, current therapies including BRAF/MEK targeted therapies or immunotherapies only benefit a subset of melanoma patients due to the emergence of intrinsic or extrinsic resistance mechanisms. Effective treatment of melanoma will thus require new and more effective therapeutic agents. Towards the goal of identifying new therapeutic agents, we conducted an unbiased, druggable epigenetic drug screen using a library of 32 epigenetic inhibitors obtained from the Structural Genome Consortium that targets proteins encoding for epigenetic regulators. This chemical genetic screening identified TP-472, which targets bromodomain-7/9, as the strongest inhibitor of melanoma growth in both short- and long-term survival assays and in mouse models of melanoma tumor growth. Mechanistically, using a transcriptome-wide mRNA sequencing profile we identified TP-472 treatment downregulates genes encoding various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including integrins, collagens, and fibronectins. Reactome-based functional pathway analyses revealed that many of the ECM proteins are involved in extracellular matrix interactions required for cancer cell growth and proliferation. TP-472 treatment also upregulated several pro-apoptotic genes that can inhibit melanoma growth. Collectively, our results identify BRD7/9 inhibitor TP-472 as a potentially useful therapeutic agent for melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence David Mason
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Suresh Chava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Kiran Kumar Reddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA; (L.D.M.); (S.C.); (K.K.R.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-6207
| |
Collapse
|
342
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The matrisome and adhesome comprise proteins that are found within or are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion complexes, respectively. Interactions between cells and their microenvironment are mediated by key matrisome and adhesome proteins, which direct fundamental processes, including growth and development. Due to their underlying complexity, it has historically been challenging to undertake mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling of these proteins. New developments in sample preparative workflows, informatics databases, and MS techniques have enabled in-depth proteomic characterization of the matrisome and adhesome, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the interactomes, and cellular signaling that occur at the cell-ECM interface. AREA COVERED This review summarizes recent advances in proteomic characterization of the matrisome and adhesome. It focuses on the importance of curated databases and discusses key strengths and limitations of different workflows. EXPERT OPINION MS-based proteomics has shown promise in characterizing the matrisome and topology of adhesome networks in health and disease. Moving forward, it will be important to incorporate integrative analysis to define the bidirectional signaling between the matrisome and adhesome, and adopt new methods for post-translational modification and in vivo analyses to better dissect the critical roles that these proteins play in human pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krasny
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
343
|
Qin JC, Yu WT, Li HX, Liang YQ, Nong FF, Wen B. Cold exposure and capsaicin promote 1,2-dimethylhyrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats correlates with extracellular matrix remodeling. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6615-6630. [PMID: 34754156 PMCID: PMC8554402 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening, which are correlated with tumor malignancy, drives tumor development. However, the relationship between ECM remodeling and rat experimental model of 1,2-dimethylhyrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) imposed by cold and capsaicin exposure remains unclear.
AIM To explore the effects of cold exposure and capsaicin on ECM remodeling and ECM enzymes in DMH-induced CRC.
METHODS For histopathological analysis, the sections of colon tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Picrosirius red, and Weigert’s Resorcin-Fuchsin to observe the remodeling of collagen and elastin. Additionally, the protein expression level of type I collagen (COL I), type 3 collagen (COL III0, elastin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP2, MMP9, and tissue-specific matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of COL I, COL III, elastin, and lysyl oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) in the colon tissues of rats was measured by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS Although no differences were observed in the proportion of adenomas, a trend towards the increase of invasive tumors was observed in the cold and capsaicin group. The cold exposure group had a metastasis rate compared with the other groups. Additionally, abnormal accumulation of both collagen and elastin was observed in the cold exposure and capsaicin group. Specifically, collagen quantitative analysis showed increased length, width, angle, and straightness compared with the DMH group. Collagen deposition and straightness were significantly increased in the cold exposure group compared with the capsaicin group. Cold exposure and capsaicin significantly increased the protein levels of COL I, elastin, and LOXL2 along with increases in their mRNA levels in the colon tissues compared with the DMH group, while COL III did not show a significant difference. Furthermore, in immunohistochemical evaluations, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 staining increased in the cold exposure and capsaicin group compared with the DMH group.
CONCLUSION These results suggest that chronic cold and capsaicin exposure further increased the deposition of collagen and elastin in the colonic tissue. Increased COL I and elastin mRNA and protein levels expression may account for the enhanced ECM remodel and stiffness variations of colon tissue. The upregulated expression of the LOXL2 and physiological imbalance between MMP/TIMP activation and deactivation could contribute to the progression of the CRC resulting from cold and capsaicin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Chun Qin
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
- Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, 545006, Guangxi Province China
| | - Wei-Tao Yu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Xuan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Qi Liang
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Nong
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
344
|
Al Ojaimi Y, Blin T, Lamamy J, Gracia M, Pitiot A, Denevault-Sabourin C, Joubert N, Pouget JP, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Lanznaster D, Poty S, Sécher T. Therapeutic antibodies - natural and pathological barriers and strategies to overcome them. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108022. [PMID: 34687769 PMCID: PMC8527648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics have become a major class of therapeutics with over 120 recombinant antibodies approved or under review in the EU or US. This therapeutic class has experienced a remarkable expansion with an expected acceleration in 2021-2022 due to the extraordinary global response to SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the public disclosure of over a hundred anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies. Mainly delivered intravenously, alternative delivery routes have emerged to improve antibody therapeutic index and patient comfort. A major hurdle for antibody delivery and efficacy as well as the development of alternative administration routes, is to understand the different natural and pathological barriers that antibodies face as soon as they enter the body up to the moment they bind to their target antigen. In this review, we discuss the well-known and more under-investigated extracellular and cellular barriers faced by antibodies. We also discuss some of the strategies developed in the recent years to overcome these barriers and increase antibody delivery to its site of action. A better understanding of the biological barriers that antibodies have to face will allow the optimization of antibody delivery near its target. This opens the way to the development of improved therapy with less systemic side effects and increased patients' adherence to the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Al Ojaimi
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Timothée Blin
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Juliette Lamamy
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Gracia
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Aubin Pitiot
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Joubert
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | | | | | - Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
345
|
Coletta S, Lonardi S, Sensi F, D’Angelo E, Fassan M, Pucciarelli S, Valzelli A, Biccari A, Vermi W, Della Bella C, Barizza A, D’Elios MM, de Bernard M, Agostini M, Codolo G. Tumor Cells and the Extracellular Matrix Dictate the Pro-Tumoral Profile of Macrophages in CRC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205199. [PMID: 34680345 PMCID: PMC8533926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major components of the tumor microenvironment. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a strong infiltration of TAMs is accompanied by a decrease in effector T cells and an increase in the metastatic potential of CRC. We investigated the functional profile of TAMs infiltrating CRC tissue by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR and their involvement in impairing the activation of effector T cells. In CRC biopsies, we evidenced a high percentage of macrophages with low expression of the antigen-presenting complex MHC-II and high expression of CD206. Monocytes co-cultured with tumor cells or a decellularized tumor matrix differentiated toward a pro-tumoral macrophage phenotype characterized by decreased expression of MHC-II and CD86 and increased expression of CD206 and an abundant release of pro-tumoral cytokines and chemokines. We demonstrated that the hampered expression of MHC-II in macrophages is due to the downregulation of the MHC-II transactivator CIITA and that this effect relies on increased expression of miRNAs targeting CIITA. As a result, macrophages become unable to present antigens to CD4 T lymphocytes. Our data suggest that the tumor microenvironment contributes to defining a pro-tumoral profile of macrophages infiltrating CRC tissue with impaired capacity to activate T cell effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.V.); (W.V.)
| | - Francesca Sensi
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Cà Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy;
- Pediatric Research Institute, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo D’Angelo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Valzelli
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.V.); (W.V.)
| | - Andrea Biccari
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.V.); (W.V.)
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Annica Barizza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Marco Agostini
- Pediatric Research Institute, 35127 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy; (E.D.); (S.P.); (A.B.)
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria-CORIS, Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-049-964-0160 (M.A.); +39-049-827-6182 (G.C.)
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (A.B.); (M.d.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-049-964-0160 (M.A.); +39-049-827-6182 (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
346
|
Gan X, Guo M, Chen Z, Li Y, Shen F, Feng J, Cai W, Xu B. Development and validation of a three-immune-related gene signature prognostic risk model in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2153-2163. [PMID: 33620716 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence indicates that there is a correlation between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) prognosis and the immune signature. Our goal was to construct a new prognostic tool based on immune genes to achieve more accurate prognosis predictions and earlier diagnoses of PTC. METHODS The 493 PTCs samples and 58 tumor-adjacent normal tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Immune genes were obtained from the ImmPort database. First, this cohort was randomly divided into training cohort and testing cohort. Second, the differentially expressed (DE) immune genes from the training set were used to construct the prognostic model. Then, the testing and entire data cohorts were used to validate the model, and the data were analyzed to determine the correlation of the clinical prognostic model with immune cell infiltration and expression profiles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. Finally, an analysis of the gene ontology (GO) annotation was performed. RESULTS A total of 189 upregulated and 128 downregulated DE immune genes were identified. We developed and validated a three-immune gene model for PTC that includes Hsp70, NOX5, and FGF23. This model was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic variable. In addition, the overall immune activity of the high-risk group was higher than that of the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a three-immune gene model for PTC that includes HSPA1A, NOX5, and FGF23. This model can be used as a validated tool to predict outcomes in PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Gan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Guo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - F Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
347
|
Karimi-Shahri M, Javid H, Sharbaf Mashhad A, Yazdani S, Hashemy SI. Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy; the art of harnessing a foe to a friend. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1307-1323. [PMID: 35096289 PMCID: PMC8769515 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58227.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were discussed only as stem cells which could give rise to different types of cells. However, when it became clear that their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was like a green light for tumorigenesis, they emerged from the ashes. This review was arranged to provide a comprehensive and precise description of MSCs' role in regulating tumorigenesis and to discuss the dark and the bright sides of cancer treatment strategies using MSCs. To gather the details about MSCs, we made an intensive literature review using keywords, including MSCs, tumor microenvironment, tumorigenesis, and targeted therapy. Through transferring cytokines, growth factors, and microRNAs, MSCs maintain the cancer stem cell population, increase angiogenesis, provide a facility for cancer metastasis, and shut down the anti-tumor activity of the immune system. Although MSCs progress tumorigenesis, there is a consensus that these cells could be used as a vehicle to transfer anti-cancer agents into the tumor milieu. This feature opened a new chapter in MSCs biology, this time from the therapeutic perspective. Although the data are not sufficient, the advent of new genetic engineering methods might make it possible to engage these cells as Trojan horses to eliminate the malignant population. So many years of investigation showed that MSCs are an important group of cells, residing in the TME, studying the function of which not only could add a delicate series of information to the process of tumorigenesis but also could revolutionize cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharbaf Mashhad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Yazdani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ilam Institute for Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
348
|
Wang B, Wang X, Tseng Y, Huang M, Luo F, Zhang J, Liu J. Distinguishing colorectal adenoma from hyperplastic polyp by WNT2 expression. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23961. [PMID: 34477243 PMCID: PMC8529141 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenoma (CRA) is a classical premalignant lesion, with high incidence and mainly coexisting with hyperplastic polyp (HPP). Hence, this study aimed to distinguish CRA from HPP by molecular expression profiling and advance the prevention of CRA and its malignance. METHODS CRA and paired HPP biopsies were collected by endoscopy. Through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis was performed based on the DEGs. The STRING database and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and perform module analysis. Hub genes were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The ROC curve was drawn to establish the specificity of the hub genes. RESULTS 485 significant DEGs were identified including 133 up-regulated and 352 down-regulated. The top 10 up-regulated genes were DLX5, MMP10, TAC1, ACAN, TAS2R38, WNT2, PHYHIPL, DKK4, DUSP27, and ABCA12. The top 10 down-regulated genes were SFRP2, CHRDL1, KBTBD12, RERGL, DPP10, CLCA4, GREM2, TMIGD1, FEV, and OTOP3. Wnt signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) were up-regulated in CRA. Three hub genes including WNT2, WNT5A, and SFRP1 were filtered out via Cytoscape. Further RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed that WNT2 was highly expressed in CRA. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.98 indicated the expression level of WNT2 as a candidate to differ CRA from HPP. CONCLUSION Our study suggests Wnt signaling pathway and ECM are enriched in CRA, and WNT2 may be used as a novel biomarker for distinguishing CRA from HPP and preventing the malignance of CRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangting Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Meina Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
349
|
Kim JK, Marco MR, Choi S, Qu X, Chen C, Elkabets M, Fairchild L, Chow O, Barriga FM, Dow LE, O’Rourke K, Szeglin B, Yarilin D, Fujisawa S, Manova‐Todorova K, Paty PB, Shia J, Leslie C, Joshua Smith J, Lowe S, Pelossof R, Sanchez‐Vega F, Garcia‐Aguilar J. KRAS mutant rectal cancer cells interact with surrounding fibroblasts to deplete the extracellular matrix. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2766-2781. [PMID: 33817986 PMCID: PMC8486594 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the KRAS oncogene are associated with poor outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer but the underlying biologic mechanisms are not fully understood. We profiled mRNA in 76 locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas from patients that were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial and investigated differences in gene expression between KRAS mutant (KRAS-mt) and KRAS-wild-type (KRAS-wt) patients. We found that KRAS-mt tumors display lower expression of genes related to the tumor stroma and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. We validated our findings using samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and also by performing immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) in orthogonal cohorts. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we show that oncogenic KRAS signaling within the epithelial cancer cells modulates the activity of the surrounding fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin K. Kim
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Michael R. Marco
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Seo‐Hyun Choi
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Xuan Qu
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chin‐Tung Chen
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Cancer Research CentreFaculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Lauren Fairchild
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Oliver Chow
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Francisco M. Barriga
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MedicineWeill‐Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kevin O’Rourke
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MedicineWeill‐Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Bryan Szeglin
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Dmitry Yarilin
- Molecular Cytology Core FacilityMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Sho Fujisawa
- Molecular Cytology Core FacilityMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Philip B. Paty
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of PathologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Scott Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Raphael Pelossof
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Francisco Sanchez‐Vega
- Department of SurgeryMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
350
|
Van Hove L, Hoste E. Activation of Fibroblasts in Skin Cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1026-1031. [PMID: 34600919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts have emerged as a dominant component of the tumor microenvironment, but despite the surging interest in the activation of fibroblasts and their role in cancer, they remain an elusive and complex cell type. In this perspective, we discuss the phenotypic plasticity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer identified by genome-wide transcriptomic studies and focus on the molecular pathways underlying their activation. These studies reveal distinct fibroblast activation profiles depending on tumor type and stage. A better understanding of skin CAF heterogeneity in origin and function will guide novel therapeutic approaches targeting this cell type in clinical cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Van Hove
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|