351
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Pelosi A, Shepherd R, Walmsley AM. Delivery of plant-made vaccines and therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:440-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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352
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Zhu M, Li Y, Shi J, Feng W, Nie G, Zhao Y. Exosomes as extrapulmonary signaling conveyors for nanoparticle-induced systemic immune activation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:404-412. [PMID: 22144073 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of systemic biosafety of nanomaterials urgently demands a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of the undesirable interference and systemic signaling that arises between man-made nanomaterials and biological systems. It is shown that exosomes may act as signal conveyors for nanoparticle-induced systemic immune responses. Exosomes are extracellularly secreted membrane vesicles which act as Trojan horses for the dissemination and intercellular communication of natural nanosized particles (like viruses). Upon exposure to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs), it is possible to dose-dependently generate a significant number of exosomes in the alveolar region of BALB/c mice. These exosomes are quickly eliminated from alveoli into systemic circulation and largely transfer their signals to the immune system. Maturation of dendritic cells and activation of splenic T cells are significantly induced by these exosomes. Furthermore, exosome-induced T-cell activation is more efficient toward sensitized T cells and in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice than in the unsensitized counterparts. Activation of systemic T cells reveals a T helper 1 polarization and aggravated inflammation, which poses potential hazards to the deterioration of allergic diseases in OVA-sensitized mice. The studies suggest that exosomes may act as conveyors for extrapulmonary signal transduction in nanoparticle-induced immune systemic responses, which are the key in vivo processes of manufactured nanoparticles executing either biomedical functions or toxic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motao Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biological, Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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353
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Chablani L, Tawde SA, D'souza MJ. Spray-dried microparticles: a potential vehicle for oral delivery of vaccines. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:388-97. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.651503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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354
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Cruz LJ, Tacken PJ, Rueda F, Domingo JC, Albericio F, Figdor CG. Targeting nanoparticles to dendritic cells for immunotherapy. Methods Enzymol 2012; 509:143-63. [PMID: 22568905 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391858-1.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the initiation of adaptive immune responses and are currently exploited in immunotherapy for treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Development of targeted nanodelivery systems carrying vaccine components, including antigens and adjuvants, to DCs in vivo represents a promising strategy to enhance immune responses. Delivering particulate vaccines specifically to DCs and preventing nonspecific uptake by other endocytotic cells are challenging. Size represents a critical parameter determining whether particulate vaccines can penetrate lymph nodes and reach resident DCs. Specific delivery is further enhanced by actively targeting DC-specific receptors. This chapter discusses the rationale for the use of particle-based vaccines and provides an overview of antigen-delivery vehicles currently under investigation. In addition, we discuss how vaccine delivery systems may be developed, focusing on liposomes, PLGA polymers, and gold nanoparticles, to obtain safe and efficacious vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Cruz
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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355
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Lisziewicz J, Lőrincz O. HIV-specific immunotherapy with DermaVir, the first pDNA/PEIm pathogen-like nanomedicine. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2012-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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356
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Skwarczynski M, Parhiz BH, Soltani F, Srinivasan S, Kamaruzaman KA, Lin IC, Toth I. Lipid Peptide Core Nanoparticles as Multivalent Vaccine Candidates against Streptococcus pyogenes. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditional vaccine approaches for Group A streptococcus (GAS) infection are inadequate owing to the host’s production of cross-reactive antibodies that recognize not only the bacteria but also human tissue. To overcome this problem a peptide subunit-based vaccine was proposed, which would incorporate only minimal non-cross reactive epitopes. However, special delivery systems/adjuvants were required because short peptides are not immunogenic. In this study we have incorporated two epitopes from two different GAS proteins into a lipid core peptide (LCP) self-adjuvanting delivery system to achieve better protection against a wide range of GAS serotypes. Multivalent and monovalent constructs were synthesized with the help of an azide alkyne cycloaddition (click) reaction and their ability to self-assemble under aqueous conditions was examined. The compounds significantly differed in their ability to form small size nanoparticles, which are believed to be most appropriate for peptide-based subunit vaccine delivery. The LCP conjugates possessing two different epitopes, in contrast to monoepitopic constructs, formed small nanoparticles (5–15 nm) presumably owing to a suitable hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the molecules.
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357
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Babiuch K, Gottschaldt M, Werz O, Schubert US. Particulate transepithelial drug carriers: barriers and functional polymers. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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358
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Bovine mammary dendritic cells: A heterogeneous population, distinct from macrophages and similar in phenotype to afferent lymph veiled cells. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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359
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Hardy CL, LeMasurier JS, Belz GT, Scalzo-Inguanti K, Yao J, Xiang SD, Kanellakis P, Bobik A, Strickland DH, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE, Plebanski M. Inert 50-nm polystyrene nanoparticles that modify pulmonary dendritic cell function and inhibit allergic airway inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:1431-41. [PMID: 22190179 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are being developed for diverse biomedical applications, but there is concern about their potential to promote inflammation, particularly in the lung. Although a variety of ambient, anthropogenic and man-made nanoparticles can promote lung inflammation, little is known about the long-term immunomodulatory effects of inert noninflammatory nanoparticles. We previously showed polystyrene 50-nm nanoparticles coated with the neutral amino acid glycine (PS50G nanoparticles) are not inflammatory and are taken up preferentially by dendritic cells (DCs) in the periphery. We tested the effects of such nanoparticles on pulmonary DC function and the development of acute allergic airway inflammation. Surprisingly, exposure to PS50G nanoparticles did not exacerbate but instead inhibited key features of allergic airway inflammation including lung airway and parenchymal inflammation, airway epithelial mucus production, and serum allergen-specific IgE and allergen-specific Th2 cytokines in the lung-draining lymph node (LN) after allergen challenge 1 mo later. PS50G nanoparticles themselves did not induce lung oxidative stress or cardiac or lung inflammation. Mechanistically, PS50G nanoparticles did not impair peripheral allergen sensitization but exerted their effect at the lung allergen challenge phase by inhibiting expansion of CD11c(+)MHCII(hi) DCs in the lung and draining LN and allergen-laden CD11b(hi)MHCII(hi) DCs in the lung after allergen challenge. PS50G nanoparticles further suppressed the ability of CD11b(hi) DCs in the draining LN of allergen-challenged mice to induce proliferation of OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells. The discovery that a defined type of nanoparticle can inhibit, rather than promote, lung inflammation via modulation of DC function opens the door to the discovery of other nanoparticle types with exciting beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Hardy
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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360
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Van de Ven H, Vermeersch M, Vandenbroucke RE, Matheeussen A, Apers S, Weyenberg W, De Smedt SC, Cos P, Maes L, Ludwig A. Intracellular drug delivery in Leishmania-infected macrophages: Evaluation of saponin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2011; 20:142-54. [PMID: 22080813 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.595491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems present an opportunity to potentiate the therapeutic effect of antileishmanial drugs. Colloidal carriers are rapidly cleared by the phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), rendering them ideal vehicles for passive targeting of antileishmanials. This paper describes the development of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for the antileishmanial saponin β-aescin. NPs were prepared using the combined emulsification solvent evaporation/salting-out technique. Confocal microscopy was used to visualise the internalisation and intracellular trafficking of fluorescein- and nile red-labelled PLGA NPs in J774A.1 macrophages infected with GFP-transfected Leishmania donovani. The in vitro activity of aescin and aescin-loaded NPs on L. infantum was determined in the axenic model as well as in the ex vivo model. The developed PLGA NPs were monodispersed with Z(ave)<300 nm, exhibited negative zeta potentials and had relatively high drug loadings ranging from 5.80 to 8.68% w/w PLGA. The fluorescent NPs were internalised by the macrophages and trafficked towards the lysosomes after 2 h in vitro incubation. Co-localisation of the NPs and the parasite was not shown. A two-fold increase in activity was observed in the ex vivo macrophage model by encapsulating β-aescin in PLGA NPs (IC(50), 0.48-0.76 µg/mL vs. 1.55 ± 0.32 µg/mL for the free drug).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Van de Ven
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, CDE, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), 2610 Belgium.
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361
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PLGA nanoparticles loaded with the antileishmanial saponin β-aescin: Factor influence study and in vitro efficacy evaluation. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:122-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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362
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Jones JC, Settles EW, Brandt CR, Schultz-Cherry S. Virus aggregating peptide enhances the cell-mediated response to influenza virus vaccine. Vaccine 2011; 29:7696-703. [PMID: 21839131 PMCID: PMC3190079 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the poor immunogenicity of current H5N1 influenza vaccines, additives and adjuvants remain a viable solution for increasing efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that a 20-amino acid peptide (EB) possessing influenza antiviral activity also enhances the immune response to H5N1 vaccination in mice. The addition of EB to formalin-inactivated whole-virus vaccine induced virion aggregation and these aggregates were readily engulfed by phagocytic cells in vitro. In vivo, mice vaccinated with a suboptimal dose of inactivated vaccine containing EB peptide had reduced morbidity, improved viral clearance, and faster recovery than mice receiving vaccine alone. This phenomenon was not accompanied by an increase in virus-specific antibodies. Instead, cell-mediated immunity was enhanced as demonstrated by increased interferon-γ production from splenocytes. This data demonstrates that the EB peptide may a useful adjuvant for boosting the efficacy of poorly immunogenic influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Jones
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Erik W. Settles
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 1556 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Curtis R. Brandt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 1556 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105
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363
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Modulation of the humoral immune response by targeting CD40 and FcγRII/III; delivery of soluble but not particulate antigen to CD40 enhances antibody responses with a Th1 bias. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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364
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Poinern GEJ, Le XT, Shan S, Ellis T, Fenwick S, Edwards J, Fawcett D. Ultrasonic synthetic technique to manufacture a pHEMA nanopolymeric-based vaccine against the H6N2 avian influenza virus: a preliminary investigation. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2167-74. [PMID: 22114480 PMCID: PMC3215157 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This preliminary study investigated the use of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) nanoparticles for the delivery of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccine pCAG-HAk, which expresses the full length hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the avian influenza A/Eurasian coot/Western Australian/2727/1979 (H6N2) virus with a Kozak sequence which is in the form of a pCAGGS vector. The loaded and unloaded nanoparticles were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Further characterizations of the nanoparticles were made using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering, which was used to investigate particle size distributions. This preliminary study suggests that using 100 μg of pHEMA nanoparticles as a nanocarrier/adjuvant produced a reduction in virus shedding and improved the immune response to the DNA vaccine pCAG-HAk.
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365
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Wang S, Li WC, Hao GP, Hao Y, Sun Q, Zhang XQ, Lu AH. Temperature-Programmed Precise Control over the Sizes of Carbon Nanospheres Based on Benzoxazine Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15304-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206333w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - An-Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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366
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Boudier A, Aubert-Pouëssel A, Mebarek N, Chavanieu A, Quentin J, Martire D, Boukhaddaoui H, Gérardin C, Jorgensen C, Devoisselle JM, Louis-Plence P, Bégu S. Development of tripartite polyion micelles for efficient peptide delivery into dendritic cells without altering their plasticity. J Control Release 2011; 154:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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367
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França A, Aggarwal P, Barsov EV, Kozlov SV, Dobrovolskaia MA, González-Fernández Á. Macrophage scavenger receptor A mediates the uptake of gold colloids by macrophages in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1175-88. [PMID: 21675859 PMCID: PMC3912350 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS While numerous studies have reported on nanoparticle uptake by phagocytic cells, the mechanisms of this uptake are poorly understood. A metastudy of research focusing on biological particulate matter has postulated that nanoparticles cannot be phagocytosed and therefore must enter cells via pinocytosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the route(s) of uptake of gold nanoparticles in vitro and to determine if these route(s) depend on particle size. MATERIALS & METHODS The parent RAW264.7 cell line and its derivatives, transduced with a virus carrying siRNA to macrophage scavenger receptor A, were used as model phagocytes. Citrate-stabilized gold colloids were used as model nanoparticles. We used chemical inhibitors known to interfere with specific routes of particulate uptake. We developed multifocal light microscopy methods including multifocal stack analysis with NIH ImageJ software to analyze cell uptake. RESULTS Irrespective of size, gold nanoparticles are internalized by macrophages via multiple routes, including both phagocytosis and pinocytosis. If either route was blocked, the particles entered cells via the other route. CONCLUSION Gold nanoparticles with hydrodynamic sizes below 100 nm can be phagocytosed. Phagocytosis of anionic gold colloids by RAW264.7 cells is mediated by macrophage scavenger receptor A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra. Spain
| | - Parag Aggarwal
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eugene V Barsov
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra. Spain
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368
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Lu AH, Hao GP, Sun Q. Können Kohlenstoffkugeln mit der Stöber-Methode erzeugt werden? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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369
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Lu AH, Hao GP, Sun Q. Can Carbon Spheres Be Created through the Stöber Method? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9023-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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370
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Immunization with PCEP microparticles containing pertussis toxoid, CpG ODN and a synthetic innate defense regulator peptide induces protective immunity against pertussis. Vaccine 2011; 29:6540-8. [PMID: 21771625 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of a novel microparticle (MP) based vaccine formulation consisting of pertussis toxoid (PTd), polyphosphazene (PCEP), CpG ODN 10101 and synthetic cationic innate defense regulator peptide 1002 (IDR) against Bordetella pertussis in mice. We studied whether encapsulation of these IDR-CpG ODN complexes into polyphosphazene-based microparticles further enhanced their immunomodulatory activity compared to soluble formulations containing PCEP (SOL), or without PCEP (AQ). In vitro stimulation of murine macrophages showed MP induced significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. When assessed in a B. pertussis infection challenge model, a single immunization with MP formulation led to significantly lower bacterial loads compared to other formulations and non-vaccinated animals. ELISPOT of splenocytes showed that MP group mice had significantly higher number of antigen-specific IL-17 secreting cells. The cytokine profile in lung homogenates of MP group mice after challenge showed significantly higher amounts of MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-17 and significantly lowered IL-10 levels suggesting a strong Th1 shift. Protection was observed against challenge infection with B. pertussis. On the other hand protective immune responses elicited in Quadracel(®) immunized mice were Th2 skewed. Hence, we conclude that formulation of PTd, PCEP, CpG ODN and IDR into MP generates a protective immune response in mice against pertussis emphasizing the potential of MP as a delivery vehicle for the potential development of single-shot vaccines.
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371
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Verheul RJ, Slütter B, Bal SM, Bouwstra JA, Jiskoot W, Hennink WE. Covalently stabilized trimethyl chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for nasal and intradermal vaccination. J Control Release 2011; 156:46-52. [PMID: 21784113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The physical stability of polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes composed of trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is limited in physiological conditions. This may minimize the favorable adjuvant effects associated with particulate systems for nasal and intradermal immunization. Therefore, covalently stabilized nanoparticles loaded with ovalbumin (OVA) were prepared with thiolated TMC and thiolated HA via ionic gelation followed by spontaneous disulfide formation after incubation at pH 7.4 and 37°C. Also, maleimide PEG was coupled to the remaining thiol-moieties on the particles to shield their surface charge. OVA-loaded TMC/HA nanoparticles had a size of around 250-350nm, a positive zeta potential and OVA loading efficiencies up to 60%. Reacting the thiolated particles with maleimide PEG resulted in a slight reduction of zeta potential (from +7 to +4mV) and a minor increase in particle size. Stabilized TMC-S-S-HA particles (PEGylated or not) showed superior stability in saline solutions compared to non-stabilized particles (composed of nonthiolated polymers) but readily disintegrated upon incubation in a saline buffer containing 10mM dithiothreitol. In both the nasal and intradermal immunization study, OVA loaded stabilized TMC-S-S-HA particles demonstrated superior immunogenicity compared to non-stabilized particles (indicated by higher IgG titers). Intranasal, PEGylation completely abolished the beneficial effects of stabilization and it induced no enhanced immune responses against OVA after intradermal administration. In conclusion, stabilization of the TMC/HA particulate system greatly enhances the immunogenicity of OVA in nasal and intradermal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf J Verheul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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372
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Akagi T, Shima F, Akashi M. Intracellular degradation and distribution of protein-encapsulated amphiphilic poly(amino acid) nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4959-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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373
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Carstens MG, Camps MGM, Henriksen-Lacey M, Franken K, Ottenhoff THM, Perrie Y, Bouwstra JA, Ossendorp F, Jiskoot W. Effect of vesicle size on tissue localization and immunogenicity of liposomal DNA vaccines. Vaccine 2011; 29:4761-70. [PMID: 21565240 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of plasmid DNA (pDNA) in cationic liposomes is a promising strategy to improve the potency of DNA vaccines. In this respect, physicochemical parameters such as liposome size may be important for their efficacy. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of vesicle size on the in vivo performance of liposomal pDNA vaccines after subcutaneous vaccination in mice. The tissue distribution of cationic liposomes of two sizes, 500 nm (PDI 0.6) and 140 nm (PDI 0.15), composed of egg PC, DOPE and DOTAP, with encapsulated OVA-encoding pDNA, was studied by using dual radiolabeled pDNA-liposomes. Their potency to elicit cellular and humoral immune responses was investigated upon application in a homologous and heterologous vaccination schedule with 3 week intervals. It was shown that encapsulation of pDNA into cationic lipsomes resulted in deposition at the site of injection, and strongest retention was observed at large vesicle size. The vaccination studies demonstrated a more robust induction of OVA-specific, functional CD8+ T-cells and higher antibody levels upon vaccination with small monodisperse pDNA-liposomes, as compared to large heterodisperse liposomes or naked pDNA. The introduction of a PEG-coating on the small cationic liposomes resulted in enhanced lymphatic drainage, but immune responses were not improved when compared to non-PEGylated liposomes. In conclusion, it was shown that the physicochemical properties of the liposomes are of crucial importance for their performance as pDNA vaccine carrier, and cationic charge and small size are favorable properties for subcutaneous DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrra G Carstens
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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374
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Huang W, Zhang J, Dorn HC, Geohegan D, Zhang C. Assembly of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorn Supported Liposome Particles. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1012-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHaRE Facilities, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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375
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Khondee S, Baoum A, Siahaan TJ, Berkland C. Calcium condensed LABL-TAT complexes effectively target gene delivery to ICAM-1 expressing cells. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:788-98. [PMID: 21473630 DOI: 10.1021/mp100393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted gene delivery using nonviral vectors is a highly touted scheme to reduce the potential for toxic or immunological side effects by reducing dose. In previous reports, TAT polyplexes with DNA have shown relatively poor gene delivery. The transfection efficiency has been enhanced by condensing TAT/DNA complexes to a small particle size using calcium. To explore the targetability of these condensed TAT complexes, LABL peptide targeting intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was conjugated to TAT peptide using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer. PEGylation reduced the transfection efficiency of TAT, but TAT complexes targeting ICAM-1 expressing cells regained much of the lost transfection efficiency. Targeted block peptides properly formulated with calcium offer promise for gene delivery to ICAM-1 expressing cells at sites of injury or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supang Khondee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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376
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Demento SL, Siefert AL, Bandyopadhyay A, Sharp FA, Fahmy TM. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns on biomaterials: a paradigm for engineering new vaccines. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:294-306. [PMID: 21459467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine development has progressed significantly and has moved from whole microorganisms to subunit vaccines that contain only their antigenic proteins. Subunit vaccines are often less immunogenic than whole pathogens; therefore, adjuvants must amplify the immune response, ideally establishing both innate and adaptive immunity. Incorporation of antigens into biomaterials, such as liposomes and polymers, can achieve a desired vaccine response. The physical properties of these platforms can be easily manipulated, thus allowing for controlled delivery of immunostimulatory factors and presentation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are targeted to specific immune cells. Targeting antigen to immune cells via PAMP-modified biomaterials is a new strategy to control the subsequent development of immunity and, in turn, effective vaccination. Here, we review the recent advances in both immunology and biomaterial engineering that have brought particulate-based vaccines to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Demento
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, Malone Engineering Center, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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377
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Carstens MG, van der Maaden, K, van der Velden, D, Ottenhoff TH, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F, Bouwstra JA, Jiskoot W. Evaluation of the high-pressure extrusion technique as a method for sizing plasmid DNA-containing cationic liposomes. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:286-95. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.563364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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378
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Vandamme K, Vesna M, Eric C, Paul RJ, Chris V. Adjuvant effect of Gantrez®AN nanoparticles during oral vaccination of piglets against F4+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 139:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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379
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Thomas C, Rawat A, Hope-Weeks L, Ahsan F. Aerosolized PLA and PLGA Nanoparticles Enhance Humoral, Mucosal and Cytokine Responses to Hepatitis B Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:405-15. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Amit Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Louisa Hope-Weeks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Memorial Circle and Boston, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
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380
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Adjuvants and delivery systems in veterinary vaccinology: current state and future developments. Arch Virol 2010; 156:183-202. [PMID: 21170730 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Modern adjuvants should induce strong and balanced immune responses, and it is often desirable to induce specific types of immunity. As an example, efficient Th1-immunity-inducing adjuvants are highly in demand. Such adjuvants promote good cell-mediated immunity against subunit vaccines that have low immunogenicity themselves. The development of such adjuvants may take advantage of the increased knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and factors controlling these responses. However, knowledge of such molecular details of immune mechanisms is relatively scarce for species other than humans and laboratory rodents, and in addition, there are special considerations pertaining to the use of adjuvants in veterinary animals, such as production and companion animals. With a focus on veterinary animals, this review highlights a number of approaches being pursued, including cytokines, CpG oligonucleotides, microparticles and liposomes.
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381
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Oyewumi MO, Kumar A, Cui Z. Nano-microparticles as immune adjuvants: correlating particle sizes and the resultant immune responses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:1095-107. [PMID: 20822351 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel immune adjuvants is emerging as a significant area of vaccine delivery based on the continued necessity to amplify immune responses to a wide array of new antigens that are poorly immunogenic. This article specifically focuses on the application of nanoparticles and microparticles as vaccine adjuvants. Many investigators are in agreement that the size of the particles is crucial to their adjuvant activities. However, reports on correlating the size of particle-based adjuvants and the resultant immune responses have been conflicting, with investigators on both sides of the fence with impressive data in support of the effectiveness of particles with small sizes (submicron) over those with larger sizes (micron) and vice versa, while other investigators reported data that showed submicron- and micron-sized particles are effective to the same degree as immune adjuvants. We have generated a list of biological, immunological and, more importantly, vaccine formulation parameters that may have contributed to the inconsistency from different studies and made recommendations on future studies attempting to correlate the size of particulate adjuvants and the immune responses induced. The information gathered could lead to strategies to optimize the performance of nano-microparticles as immune adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses O Oyewumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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382
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Slütter B, Bal SM, Que I, Kaijzel E, Löwik C, Bouwstra J, Jiskoot W. Antigen−Adjuvant Nanoconjugates for Nasal Vaccination: An Improvement over the Use of Nanoparticles? Mol Pharm 2010; 7:2207-15. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100210g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Slütter
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M. Bal
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Kaijzel
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Bouwstra
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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383
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384
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Lahiri A, Lahiri A, Das P, Vani J, Shaila MS, Chakravortty D. TLR 9 activation in dendritic cells enhances salmonella killing and antigen presentation via involvement of the reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13772. [PMID: 21048937 PMCID: PMC2966436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotide Toll like receptor-9 agonist (CpG DNA) activates innate immunity and can stimulate antigen presentation against numerous intracellular pathogens. It was observed that Salmonella Typhimurium growth can be inhibited by the CpG DNA treatment in the murine dendritic cells. This inhibitory effect was mediated by an increased reactive oxygen species production. In addition, it was noted that CpG DNA treatment of dendritic cells during Salmonella infection leads to an increased antigen presentation. Further this increased antigen presentation was dependent on the enhanced reactive oxygen species production elicited by Toll like receptor-9 activation. With the help of an exogenous antigen it was shown that Salmonella antigen could also be cross-presented in a better way by CpG induction. These data collectively indicate that CpG DNA enhance the ability of murine dendritic cells to contain the growth of virulent Salmonella through reactive oxygen species dependent killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lahiri
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ayan Lahiri
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Das
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Janakiraman Vani
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - M. S. Shaila
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Biosafety Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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385
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Amidi M, de Raad M, Crommelin DJA, Hennink WE, Mastrobattista E. Antigen-expressing immunostimulatory liposomes as a genetically programmable synthetic vaccine. SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 2010; 5:21-31. [PMID: 21949673 PMCID: PMC3159695 DOI: 10.1007/s11693-010-9066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are versatile (sub)micron-sized membrane vesicles that can be used for a variety of applications, including drug delivery and in vivo imaging but they also represent excellent models for artificial membranes or cells. Several studies have demonstrated that in vitro transcription and translation can take place inside liposomes to obtain compartmentalized production of functional proteins within the liposomes (Kita et al. in Chembiochem 9(15):2403–2410, 2008; Moritani et al.in FEBS J, 2010; Kuruma et al. in Methods Mol Biol 607:161–171, 2010; Murtas et al. in Biochem Biophys Res Commun 363(1):12–17, 2007; Sunami et al. in Anal Biochem 357(1):128–136, 2006; Ishikawa et al. in FEBS Lett 576(3):387–390, 2004; Oberholzer et al. in Biochem Biophys Res Commun 261(2):238–241, 1999). Such a minimal artificial cell-based model is ideal for synthetic biology based applications. In this study, we propose the use of liposomes as artificial microbes for vaccination. These artificial microbes can be genetically programmed to produce specific antigens at will. To show proof-of-concept for this artificial cell-based platform, a bacterial in vitro transcription and translation system together with a gene construct encoding the model antigen β-galactosidase were entrapped inside multilamellar liposomes. Vaccination studies in mice showed that such antigen-expressing immunostimulatory liposomes (AnExILs) elicited higher specific humoral immune responses against the produced antigen (β-galactosidase) than control vaccines (i.e. AnExILs without genetic input, liposomal β-galactosidase or pDNA encoding β-galactosidase). In conclusion, AnExILs present a new platform for DNA-based vaccines which combines antigen production, adjuvanticity and delivery in one system and which offer several advantages over existing vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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386
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Griffiths G, Nyström B, Sable SB, Khuller GK. Nanobead-based interventions for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 8:827-34. [DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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387
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Heurtault B, Frisch B, Pons F. Liposomes as delivery systems for nasal vaccination: strategies and outcomes. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:829-44. [PMID: 20459361 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.488687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Among the particulate systems that have been envisaged in vaccine delivery, liposomes are very attractive. These phospholipid vesicles can indeed deliver a wide range of molecules. They have been shown to enhance considerably the immunogenicity of weak protein antigens or synthetic peptides. Also, they offer a wide range of pharmaceutical options for the design of vaccines. In the past decade, the nasal mucosa has emerged as an effective route for vaccine delivery, together with the opportunity to develop non-invasive approaches in vaccination. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on the recent strategies and outcomes that have been developed around the use of liposomes in nasal vaccination. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The various formulation parameters, including lipid composition, size, charge and mucoadhesiveness, that have been investigated in the design of liposomal vaccine candidates dedicated to nasal vaccination are outlined. Also, an overview of the immunological and protective responses obtained with the developed formulations is presented. TAKE HOME MESSAGE This review illustrates the high potential of liposomes as nasal vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Heurtault
- Equipe de Biovectorologie, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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388
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Hambach L, Aghai Z, Pool J, Kröger N, Goulmy E. Peptide length extension skews the minor HA-1 antigen presentation toward activated dendritic cells but reduces its presentation efficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4582-9. [PMID: 20855877 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Minor histocompatibility Ags (mHags) are important targets of the graft-versus-leukemia effect after HLA-matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation. mHags are HLA-restricted polymorphic peptides expressed on normal and leukemia cells. Vaccination with hematopoiesis-restricted mHag peptides, such as HA-1, may boost the graft-versus-leukemia effect. However, some animal studies indicate that peptides exactly reflecting immunogenic T cell epitopes (short peptides [SPs]) induce tolerance that is potentially due to systemic Ag spreading. Peptide length extension (long peptides [LPs]) may optimize immune responses by restricting and prolonging Ag presentation on dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we compared the in vitro characteristics and T cell-stimulatory capacities of a human 30-mer HA-1 LP with the 9-mer HA-1 SP. DCs presented the HA-1 LP and SP and expanded HA-1-specific cytotoxic T cell lines. As hypothesized, HA-1 LP presentation, but not SP presentation, was largely restricted to activated DCs and was nearly absent on other hematopoietic cells. However, DCs presented the HA-1 LP 2-3 log levels less efficiently than the SP. Finally, the decay of HA-1 LP and SP presentation on DCs was comparable. We conclude that HA-1 LP and SP differ in their in vitro characteristics and that only comparative clinical studies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation may reveal the optimal HA-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Hambach
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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389
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Bachelder EM, Beaudette TT, Broaders KE, Fréchet JMJ, Albrecht MT, Mateczun AJ, Ainslie KM, Pesce JT, Keane-Myers AM. In vitro analysis of acetalated dextran microparticles as a potent delivery platform for vaccine adjuvants. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:826-35. [PMID: 20230025 DOI: 10.1021/mp900311x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists induce potent innate immune responses and can be used in the development of novel vaccine adjuvants. However, access to TLRs can be challenging as exemplified by TLR 7, which is located intracellularly in endosomal compartments. To increase recognition and subsequent stimulatory effects of TLR 7, imiquimod was encapsulated in acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) microparticles. Ac-DEX, a water-insoluble and biocompatible polymer, is relatively stable at pH 7.4, but degrades rapidly under acidic conditions, such as those found in lysosomal vesicles. To determine the immunostimulatory capacity of encapsulated imiquimod, we compared the efficacy of free versus encapsulated imiquimod in activating RAW 264.7 macrophages, MH-S macrophages, and bone marrow derived dendritic cells. Encapsulated imiquimod significantly increased IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha cytokine expression in macrophages relative to the free drug. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in classic macrophage activation markers (iNOS, PD1-L1, and NO) after treatment with encapsulated imiquimod over the free drug. Also, bone marrow derived dendritic cells produced significantly higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12p70, and MIP-1 alpha as compared to their counterparts receiving free imiquimod. These results suggest that encapsulation of TLR ligands within Ac-DEX microparticles results in increased immunostimulation and potentially better protection from disease when used in conjunction with vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Bachelder
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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390
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Plebanski M, Katsara M, Sheng KC, Xiang SD, Apostolopoulos V. Methods to measure T-cell responses. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:595-600. [PMID: 20518715 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A successful vaccine for immunotherapy, particularly for solid tumors or viral infections, requires a suitable target antigen and the production of a cytotoxic T-cell response. In addition, CD4 T cells play an important role in cellular immunity. Here, we briefly discuss methods by which T cells are measured in vitro after vaccination.
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391
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Singh SK. Impact of product-related factors on immunogenicity of biotherapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:354-87. [PMID: 20740683 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
All protein therapeutics have the potential to be immunogenic. Several factors, including patient characteristics, disease state, and the therapy itself, influence the generation of an immune response. Product-related factors such as the molecule design, the expression system, post-translational modifications, impurities, contaminants, formulation and excipients, container, closure, as well as degradation products are all implicated. However, a critical examination of the available data shows that clear unequivocal evidence for the impact of these latter factors on clinical immunogenicity is lacking. No report could be found that clearly deconvolutes the clinical impact of the product attributes on patient susceptibility. Aggregation carries the greatest concern as a risk factor for immunogenicity, but the impact of aggregates is likely to depend on their structure as well as on the functionality (e.g., immunostimulatory or immunomodulatory) of the therapeutic. Preclinical studies are not yet capable of assessing the clinically relevant immunogenicity potential of these product-related factors. Simply addressing these risk factors as part of product development will not eliminate immunogenicity. Minimization of immunogenicity has to begin at the molecule design stage by reducing or eliminating antigenic epitopes and building in favorable physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Singh
- Pfizer, Inc., BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, USA.
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392
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Ghotbi Z, Haddadi A, Hamdy S, Hung RW, Samuel J, Lavasanifar A. Active targeting of dendritic cells with mannan-decorated PLGA nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2010; 19:281-92. [PMID: 20590403 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2010.499463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify an optimum targeted particulate formulation based on mannan (MN)-decorated poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), for efficient delivery of incorporated cargo to dendritic cells (DCs). In brief, NPs were formulated from two different types of PLGA; ester-terminated (capped) or COOH-terminated (uncapped) polymer. Incorporation of MN in NPs was achieved either through addition of MN during the process of NP formation or by attachment of MN onto the surface of the freeze dried NPs by physical adsorption or chemical conjugation (to COOH terminated polymer). The formulated NPs were characterized in terms of particle size, Zeta potential and level of MN incorporation. The effect of polymer type and the incorporation method on the extent of fluorescently labelled NP uptake by murine bone marrow-derived DCs have been investigated using flowcytometry. The results of this study showed MN incorporation to enhance the uptake of PLGA NPs by DCs. Among different MN incorporation strategies, covalent attachment of MN to COOH-terminated PLGA-NPs provided the highest level of MN surface decoration on NPs. Maximum NP uptake by DCs was achieved by COOH terminated PLGA NPs containing covalent or adsorbed MN. Therefore, a better chance of success for these formulations for active targeted drug and/or vaccine delivery to DCs is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghotbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3133 Dentistry/Pharmacy Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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393
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Billeskov R, Grandal MV, Poulsen C, Christensen JP, Winther N, Vingsbo-Lundberg C, Hoang TTKT, van Deurs B, Song YH, Aagaard C, Andersen P, Dietrich J. Difference in TB10.4 T-cell epitope recognition following immunization with recombinant TB10.4, BCG or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1342-54. [PMID: 20186878 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most novel vaccines against infectious diseases are based on recombinant Ag; however, only few studies have compared Ag-specific immune responses induced by natural infection with that induced by the same Ag in a recombinant form. Here, we studied the epitope recognition pattern of the tuberculosis vaccine Ag, TB10.4, in a recombinant form, or when expressed by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), or by the current anti-tuberculosis vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG. We showed that BCG and M.tb induced a similar CD4+ T-cell specific TB10.4 epitope-pattern, which differed completely from that induced by recombinant TB10.4. This difference was not due to post-translational modifications of TB10.4 or because TB10.4 is secreted from BCG and M.tb as a complex with Rv0287. In addition, BCG and TB10.4/CAF01 were both taken up by DC and macrophages in vivo, and in vitro uptake experiments revealed that both TB10.4 and BCG were transported to Lamp+-compartments. BCG and TB10.4 however, were directed to different types of Lamp+-compartments in the same APC, which may lead to different epitope recognition patterns. In conclusion, we show that different vectors can induce completely different recognition of the same protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Billeskov
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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394
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Coban C, Yagi M, Ohata K, Igari Y, Tsukui T, Horii T, Ishii KJ, Akira S. The malarial metabolite hemozoin and its potential use as a vaccine adjuvant. Allergol Int 2010; 59:115-24. [PMID: 20414048 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.10-rai-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemozoin, a bio-crystalline substance, is a hemin detoxification by-product of malaria parasites. The role of hemozoin crystals in host immune system modulation by malaria parasites, and how they interact with the immune system has been enigmatic. Here, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of how hemozoin might be interacting with the host immune system. In particular, the potential application of hemozoin crystals as an adjuvant may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in immune responses to malarial infection and provide a rationale for the design of vaccines against malaria as well as other immunological disorders such as allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier Institute for Immunology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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395
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Szekeres Z, Herbáth M, Angyal A, Szittner Z, Virág V, Balogh P, Erdei A, Prechl J. Modulation of immune response by combined targeting of complement receptors and low-affinity Fcγ receptors. Immunol Lett 2010; 130:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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396
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Biomimetic nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and biomedical applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:249-59. [PMID: 20463941 PMCID: PMC2865020 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s9035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicking nature is a powerful approach for developing novel lipid-based devices for drug and vaccine delivery. In this review, biomimetic assemblies based on natural or synthetic lipids by themselves or associated to silica, latex or drug particles will be discussed. In water, self-assembly of lipid molecules into supramolecular structures is fairly well understood. However, their self-assembly on a solid surface or at an interface remains poorly understood. In certain cases, hydrophobic drug granules can be dispersed in aqueous solution via lipid adsorption surrounding the drug particles as nanocapsules. In other instances, hydrophobic drug molecules attach as monomers to borders of lipid bilayer fragments providing drug formulations that are effective in vivo at low drug-to-lipid-molar ratio. Cationic biomimetic particles offer suitable interfacial environment for adsorption, presentation and targeting of biomolecules in vivo. Thereby antigens can effectively be presented by tailored biomimetic particles for development of vaccines over a range of defined and controllable particle sizes. Biomolecular recognition between receptor and ligand can be reconstituted by means of receptor immobilization into supported lipidic bilayers allowing isolation and characterization of signal transduction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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397
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Black M, Trent A, Tirrell M, Olive C. Advances in the design and delivery of peptide subunit vaccines with a focus on toll-like receptor agonists. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:157-73. [PMID: 20109027 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considerable success has been made with many peptide antigen formulations, and peptide-based vaccines are emerging as the next generation of prophylactic and remedial immunotherapy. However, finding an optimal platform balancing all of the requirements for an effective, specific and safe immune response remains a major challenge for many infectious and chronic diseases. This review outlines how peptide immunogenicity is influenced by the way in which peptides are presented to the immune system, underscoring the need for multifunctional delivery systems that couple antigen and adjuvant into a single construct. Particular attention is given to the ability of Toll-like receptor agonists to act as adjuvants. A survey of recent approaches to developing peptide antigen delivery systems is given, many of which incorporate Toll-like receptor agonists into the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Black
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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398
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Bal SM, Slütter B, van Riet E, Kruithof AC, Ding Z, Kersten GF, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra JA. Efficient induction of immune responses through intradermal vaccination with N-trimethyl chitosan containing antigen formulations. J Control Release 2010; 142:374-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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399
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Schreiber HA, Prechl J, Jiang H, Zozulya A, Fabry Z, Denes F, Sandor M. Using carbon magnetic nanoparticles to target, track, and manipulate dendritic cells. J Immunol Methods 2010; 356:47-59. [PMID: 20219468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in the initiation of immune responses and are primary targets in vaccination. Here, we describe fluorescent, carbon magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) within the 20-80 nm size range that are non-toxic and preferentially endocytosed by DCs. These attributes allow for DC tracing in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, by both fluorescence and MRI. We show that CMNPs conjugated with an array of proteins are able to induce strong immune responses in mice. The addition of TLR ligand, CpG, to the CMNPs along with protein results in both T cell activation, but also a selective IFNgamma response. The magnetism afforded by the CMNPs facilitates a simple DC enrichment ex vivo by magnetic means from both secondary lymphoid organs, and sites of chronic inflammation. The magnetic and fluorescent properties of the CMNPs allow for visualization, recovery, and potentially the facilitation of directed DC migration. These particles may support more efficient immunization protocols or new diagnostic assays to characterize functionalities of DCs from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Schreiber
- University of Wisconsin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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400
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Polymeric particles in vaccine delivery. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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