351
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Berg JM, Grant AM, Johnson V. When Callings Are Calling: Crafting Work and Leisure in Pursuit of Unanswered Occupational Callings. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1090.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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352
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Crocker J, Canevello A, Breines JG, Flynn H. Interpersonal goals and change in anxiety and dysphoria in first-semester college students. J Pers Soc Psychol 2010; 98:1009-24. [PMID: 20515255 DOI: 10.1037/a0019400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two longitudinal studies examined the associations between interpersonal goals (i.e., self-image and compassionate goals) and anxiety and dysphoria (i.e., distress). In Study 1, 199 college freshmen (122 women, 77 men) completed 12 surveys over 12 weeks. Compassionate goals predicted decreased distress, and self-image goals predicted increased distress from pretest to posttest when distress was assessed as anxiety, dysphoria, or a composite, and when the goals were worded as approach goals, avoidance goals, or a composite. In Study 2, 115 first-semester roommate pairs (86 female and 29 male pairs) completed 12 surveys over 12 weeks. Compassionate and self-image goals predicted distress in same-week, lagged-week, and pretest-to-posttest analyses; effects of compassionate goals remained significant when the authors controlled for several known risk factors. Having clear goals consistently explained the association between compassionate goals but not self-image goals and distress. Results supported a path model in which compassionate goals predict increased support given to roommates, which predicts decreased distress. Results also supported a reciprocal association; chronic distress predicted decreased compassionate and increased self-image goals from pretest to posttest, and weekly distress predicted decreased compassionate goals the subsequent week. The results suggest that compassionate goals contribute to decreased distress because they provide meaning and increase support given to others. Distress, in turn, predicts change in goals, creating the potential for upward and downward spirals of goals and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Crocker
- Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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353
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Lambert NM, Stillman TF, Baumeister RF, Fincham FD, Hicks JA, Graham SM. Family as a salient source of meaning in young adulthood. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2010.516616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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354
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Hicks JA, Schlegel RJ, King LA. Social Threats, Happiness, and the Dynamics of Meaning in Life Judgments. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2010; 36:1305-17. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167210381650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four studies examined social relatedness and positive affect (PA) as alternate sources of information for judgments of meaning in life (MIL). In Studies 1 through 3 (total N = 282), priming loneliness increased reliance on PA and decreased reliance on social functioning in MIL judgments. In Study 4 ( N = 138), daily assessments of PA, relatedness needs satisfaction (RNS), and MIL were obtained every 5 days over 20 days. Multilevel modeling showed that on days when RNS was low, PA was strongly related to MIL. Results suggest the dynamic ways that social relationships and PA inform judgments of MIL. Informational and motivational accounts of these results are discussed.
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355
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Boyraz G, Horne SG, Sayger† TV. Finding Positive Meaning After Loss: The Mediating Role of Reflection for Bereaved Individuals. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15325020903381683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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356
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Park N, Park M, Peterson C. When is the Search for Meaning Related to Life Satisfaction? Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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357
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Westerhof GJ, Bohlmeijer ET, van Beljouw IMJ, Pot AM. Improvement in Personal Meaning Mediates the Effects of a Life Review Intervention on Depressive Symptoms in a Randomized Controlled Trial. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2010; 50:541-9. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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358
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Rosso BD, Dekas KH, Wrzesniewski A. On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review. RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 928] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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359
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McAdams DP. The Problem of Meaning in Personality Psychology from the Standpoints of Dispositional Traits, Characteristic Adaptations, and Life Stories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2132/personality.18.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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360
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Linley PA, Maltby J, Wood AM, Osborne G, Hurling R. Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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361
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Profiles of a Developmental Asset: Youth Purpose as a Context for Hope and Well-Being. J Youth Adolesc 2009; 39:1265-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-009-9481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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362
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Hicks JA, King LA. Positive mood and social relatedness as information about meaning in life. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760903271108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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363
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Schnell T. The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760903271074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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364
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Nurmi JE, Salmela-Aro K, Aunola K. Personal goal appraisals vary across both individuals and goal contents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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365
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Peterson BE, Plamondon LT. Third culture kids and the consequences of international sojourns on authoritarianism, acculturative balance, and positive affect. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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366
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McKnight PE, Kashdan TB. Purpose in Life as a System that Creates and Sustains Health and Well-Being: An Integrative, Testable Theory. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1037/a0017152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose—a cognitive process that defines life goals and provides personal meaning—may help explain disparate empirical social science findings. Devoting effort and making progress toward life goals provides a significant, renewable source of engagement and meaning. Purpose offers a testable, causal system that synthesizes outcomes including life expectancy, satisfaction, and mental and physical health. These outcomes may be explained best by considering the motivation of the individual—a motivation that comes from having a purpose. We provide a detailed definition with specific hypotheses derived from a synthesis of relevant findings from social, behavioral, biological, and cognitive literatures. To illustrate the uniqueness of the purpose model, we compared purpose with competing contemporary models that offer similar predictions. Addressing the structural features unique to purpose opens opportunities to build upon existing causal models of “how and why” health and well-being develop and change over time.
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367
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King LA, Hicks JA. Detecting and constructing meaning in life events. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760902992316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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368
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Steger MF, Dik BJ. If One is Looking for Meaning in Life, Does it Help to Find Meaning in Work? Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2009.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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369
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Hicks JA, King LA. Meaning in Life as a Subjective Judgment and a Lived Experience. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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370
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Stillman TF, Baumeister RF, Lambert NM, Crescioni AW, Dewall CN, Fincham FD. Alone and Without Purpose: Life Loses Meaning Following Social Exclusion. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 45:686-694. [PMID: 20161218 PMCID: PMC2717555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four studies (N = 643) supported the hypothesis that social exclusion would reduce the global perception of life as meaningful. Social exclusion was manipulated experimentally by having a confederate refuse to meet participants after seeing their videotaped introduction (Study 1) and by ostracizing participants in a computerized ball-tossing game (Study 2). Compared to control condition and acceptance conditions, social exclusion led to perceiving life as less meaningful. Exclusion was also operationalized as self-reported loneliness, which was a better predictor of low meaning than other potent variables (Study 3). Study 4 found support for Baumeister's model of meaning (1991), by demonstrating that the effect of exclusion on meaning was mediated by purpose, value, and positive self-worth.
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371
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Posthumous events affect rated quality and happiness of lives. JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1930297500003843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDiener and colleagues (2001) illustrated that individuals rely heavily on endings to evaluate the quality of a life. Two studies investigated the potential for posthumous events to affect rated life quality, calling into question the intuitive “ending” of a life at death. Undergraduates read a series of short life narratives to assess the consequences of posthumous reversals of fortune on judgments of the goodness and happiness of the life. In a 2x2 within-subjects design, lives positive and negative in valence were displayed twice: once from birth to death and once each life was followed by a posthumous event of opposite valence. Results demonstrated that posthumous reversals of fortune shift judgments of the goodness and happiness of the life in the direction of the valence of the posthumous event. These effects were not related to an individual’s religiosity or the degree to which the life made an engaging story. We suggest that the posthumous happy effect may be a case of a more general process, which we call retroactive re-evaluation.
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372
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Challenge episodes over middle age: A person-centered study of aging well in poor health. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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373
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Biswas-Diener R, Kashdan TB, King LA. Two traditions of happiness research, not two distinct types of happiness. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760902844400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd B. Kashdan
- b Department of Psychology , George Mason University , Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Laura A. King
- c Department of Psychology , University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, USA
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374
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Yeager DS, Bundick MJ. The Role of Purposeful Work Goals in Promoting Meaning in Life and in Schoolwork During Adolescence. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558409336749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
What type of work goals provide adolescents with the sense that schoolwork is important and that their lives are meaningful? This mixed-methods study of a diverse sample of 6th-, 9th-, and 12th-grade adolescents ( N = 148) investigated the relationship between work goals, purpose, and meaning using a semistructured interview and a survey. Interview analyses showed that multiple motives were normative (68%), and that 30% of adolescents aspired to an occupation that would allow them to contribute to the world beyond themselves. Regression analyses found that adolescents with purposeful work goals also reported more meaning in life and in schoolwork than those who did not.
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375
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376
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Kaplan SA, Warren CR, Barsky AP, Thoresen CJ. A note on the relationship between affect(ivity) and differing conceptualizations of job satisfaction: Some unexpected meta-analytic findings. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13594320701873264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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377
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Chapin MH, Holbert D. Differences in Affect, Life Satisfaction, and Depression Between Successfully and Unsuccessfully Rehabilitated Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries. REHABILITATION COUNSELING BULLETIN 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0034355209331403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed whether persons with spinal cord injuries who were successfully rehabilitated differed from those who were not with regard to positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and depression. An ex post facto research design compared persons with spinal cord injuries who were previously employed with persons with spinal cord injuries who were not employed after receiving services from a southeastern state Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services program. There were no significant differences between the two groups based on age, gender, race, current level of education, and time employed prior to their injury.The unsuccessfully rehabilitated had lower positive affect and higher negative affect, were less satisfied with life and more depressed, and had a higher percentage of cervical and lumbar injuries than the successfully rehabilitated. Positive psychotherapy techniques are recommended to see if they can decrease depression and improve satisfaction with life and positive affect, while decreasing negative affect.
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378
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Schlegel RJ, Hicks JA, Arndt J, King LA. Thine own self: true self-concept accessibility and meaning in life. J Pers Soc Psychol 2009; 96:473-90. [PMID: 19159144 PMCID: PMC4714566 DOI: 10.1037/a0014060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A number of philosophical and psychological theories suggest the true self is an important contributor to well-being. The present research examined whether the cognitive accessibility of the true self-concept would predict the experience of meaning in life. To ensure that any observed effects were due to the true self-concept rather than to the self-concept more generally, the authors used actual self-concept accessibility as a control variable in all studies. True and actual self-concepts were defined as including those traits that are enacted around close others vs. most others (Studies 1 through 3) or as traits that refer to "who you really are" vs. "who you are during most of your activities" (Studies 4 and 5), respectively. Studies 1, 2, and 4 showed that individual differences in true self-concept accessibility, but not differences in actual self-concept accessibility, predicted meaning in life. Studies 3 and 5 showed that priming traits related to the true self-concept enhanced perceptions of meaning in life. Implications for the study of the true self-concept and authenticity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Schlegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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379
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Steger MF, Oishi S, Kashdan TB. Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760802303127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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380
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Kashdan TB, Biswas-Diener R, King LA. Reconsidering happiness: the costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760802303044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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381
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Chambers Christopher J, Campbell RL. An Interactivist-Hermeneutic Metatheory for Positive Psychology. THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/0959354308093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on Bickhard's interactivism along with philosophical hermeneutics, we outline a plausible ontology of human action and development that might serve as a metatheory for positive psychology. Our nondualistic metatheory rests on a distributed notion of agency. The kinds of morally imbued social practices that are identified by hermeneutic theorists constitute one level of agency. At the first level of agency, persons are already committed, at least by implication, to folk psychologies that cover positive emotion, positive traits, and positive institutions. Higher levels of agency and knowing emerge through the process of development. The higher knowing levels incorporate the capacity for conscious self-reflexive awareness, which permits the person to consciously deliberate and form theories of the good person and the good life. These more consciously formed positive folk psychologies are always in a dialectical relationship with the more implicit and embodied understandings of the good life as manifested in social practices, emotional experiences, and habitual thoughts. We suggest that this framework helps to account for the `diversity of goods' that underlie our lives and to clarify the relationship that the professional positive psychologist will have with his or her native folk psychology.
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382
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Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ, Emmerik-de Jong M. The effects of integrative reminiscence on meaning in life: results of a quasi-experimental study. Aging Ment Health 2008; 12:639-46. [PMID: 18855180 DOI: 10.1080/13607860802343209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Finding meaning in life is often cited as an important outcome of reminiscence, but this theoretical claim has not been empirically tested until now. A new intervention combining integrative reminiscence and elements of narrative therapy was developed and the effects on meaning in life were studied. METHODS A total of 106 older adults with depressive symptomatology participated in a quasi-experimental study with two parallel conditions: integrative reminiscence vs a waiting list control group. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention. RESULTS A significant improvement in the overall meaning in life in the participants of the intervention was found, but these effects were not significant in comparison to a waiting-list control group. There is a specific effect of the intervention in that it results in a decline of negative evaluation of the self by the participants and an increase in positive evaluation of social relations. The program also results in more positive evaluation of the past as well as in less negative evaluation of the future. These findings are somewhat stronger for women than for men. CONCLUSION Integrative reminiscence within a narrative therapeutic framework may be an effective intervention for enhancing meaning in life with depressed older adults. The intervention has to be developed further and should then be studied in a randomized controlled trial with a larger sample and with follow-up measurements.
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383
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384
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Saroglou V, Buxant C, Tilquin J. Positive emotions as leading to religion and spirituality. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760801998737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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385
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Steger MF, Kawabata Y, Shimai S, Otake K. The meaningful life in Japan and the United States: Levels and correlates of meaning in life. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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386
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Steger MF, Kashdan TB, Sullivan BA, Lorentz D. Understanding the Search for Meaning in Life: Personality, Cognitive Style, and the Dynamic Between Seeking and Experiencing Meaning. J Pers 2008; 76:199-228. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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387
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Religious commitment and positive mood as information about meaning in life. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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388
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Steger MF, Kashdan TB, Oishi S. Being good by doing good: Daily eudaimonic activity and well-being. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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389
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Routledge C, Arndt J, Sedikides C, Wildschut T. A blast from the past: The terror management function of nostalgia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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390
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Coping, meaning in life, and quality of life in congestive heart failure patients. Qual Life Res 2007; 17:21-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-007-9279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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391
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Hicks JA, King LA. Meaning in life and seeing the big picture: Positive affect and global focus. Cogn Emot 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930701347304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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392
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Cabanac M, Bonniot-Cabanac MC. Decision making: rational or hedonic? BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2007; 3:45. [PMID: 17848195 PMCID: PMC2082033 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-3-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments studied the hedonicity of decision making. Participants rated their pleasure/displeasure while reading item-sentences describing political and social problems followed by different decisions (Questionnaire 1). Questionnaire 2 was multiple-choice, grouping the items from Questionnaire 1. In Experiment 1, participants answered Questionnaire 2 rapidly or slowly. Both groups selected what they had rated as pleasant, but the 'leisurely' group maximized pleasure less. In Experiment 2, participants selected the most rational responses. The selected behaviors were pleasant but less than spontaneous behaviors. In Experiment 3, Questionnaire 2 was presented once with items grouped by theme, and once with items shuffled. Participants maximized the pleasure of their decisions, but the items selected on Questionnaires 2 were different when presented in different order. All groups maximized pleasure equally in their decisions.These results support that decisions are made predominantly in the hedonic dimension of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Cabanac
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Canada
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393
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Curiosity and pathways to well-being and meaning in life: Traits, states, and everyday behaviors. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-007-9068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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394
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King L, Hicks J. Narrating the Self in the Past and the Future: Implications for Maturity. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2006. [DOI: 10.1207/s15427617rhd0302&3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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