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Parasramka M, Yan IK, Wang X, Nguyen P, Matsuda A, Maji S, Foye C, Asmann Y, Patel T. BAP1 dependent expression of long non-coding RNA NEAT-1 contributes to sensitivity to gemcitabine in cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:22. [PMID: 28122578 PMCID: PMC5264287 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic alterations in chromatin modulators such as BRCA-1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) are the most frequent genetic alteration in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (CCA). We evaluated the contribution of BAP1 expression on tumor cell behavior and therapeutic sensitivity to identify rationale therapeutic strategies. METHODS The impact of BAP1 expression on sensitivity to therapeutic agents was evaluated in CCA cells with a 7-fold difference in BAP1 expression (KMBC-low, HuCCT1-high) and genetically engineered haplo-insufficient BAP1 knockout cells. We also identified long non-coding RNA genes associated with loss of BAP1 and their role in therapeutic sensitivity. RESULTS Sensitivity to gemcitabine was greater in low BAP1 expressing or BAP1 knockout cells compared with the high BAP1 expressing cells or control haplo-insufficient cells respectively. Similar results were observed with TSA, olaparib, b-AP15 but not with GSK126. A differential synergistic effect was observed in combinations of gemcitabine with olaparib or GSK126 in KMBC cells and TSA or bAP15 in HuCCT1 cells, indicating BAP1 dependent target-specific synergism and sensitivity to gemcitabine. A BAP1 dependent alteration in expression of lncRNA NEAT-1 was identified by RT-PCR based lncRNA expression profiling, and an inverse relationship between this lncRNA and BAP1 was observed in analysis of the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas cholangiocarcinoma dataset. Exogenous modulation of NEAT-1 and/or BAP1 expression altered tumor cell phenotype and modulated sensitivity to gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS NEAT-1 is a downstream effector of gemcitabine sensitivity in CCA. The expression of BAP1 is a determinant of sensitivity to therapeutic drugs that can be exploited to enhance responses through combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Parasramka
- Department of Transplantation and Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 USA
| | - Irene K. Yan
- Department of Transplantation and Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Transplantation and Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 USA
| | - Akiko Matsuda
- Department of Transplantation and Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 USA
| | - Sayantan Maji
- Department of Transplantation and Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 USA
| | - Catherine Foye
- Department of Transplantation and Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 USA
| | - Yan Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Department of Transplantation and Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 USA
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353
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Lin WM, Fisher DE. Signaling and Immune Regulation in Melanoma Development and Responses to Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 12:75-102. [PMID: 27959628 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex and genomically diverse malignancy, and new genes and signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis continue to be discovered. Mechanistic insights into gene and immune regulation in melanoma have led to the development of numerous successful and innovative pharmacologic agents over recent years. Multiple targeted therapies and immunotherapies have already entered the clinic, becoming new standards of care and transforming the prognosis for many patients with malignant melanoma. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of signaling and immune regulation in melanoma and implications for responses to treatment, organized in the framework of hallmark characteristics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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354
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Yue H, Qian J, Yuan Y, Zhang R, Bi Y, Meng F, Xuan Y. Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis for Survival after Enucleation of Uveal Melanoma in Chinese Patients: Long-term Follow-up. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:759-765. [PMID: 27911584 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1245422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) after enucleation in Chinese patients. METHODS Between 2003 and 2012, a series of 171 patients with UM received enucleation at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. Patient clinical information was collected. Pathological examination and BAP1 staining of the enucleated eyes were conducted. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions were conducted to determine the risk factors, and the survival rates were calculated and compared. RESULTS The study included 83 (49%) men and 88 (51%) women, with a mean age of 48.6 years. The mean largest basal tumor diameter and mean largest tumor thickness were 11.8 and 8.6 mm, respectively. Ciliary body involvement was observed in 19 tumors (11%). Spindle and nonspindle patterns were observed in 100 (58%) and 71 eyes (42%), respectively. Extrascleral extension was observed in three eyes (2%). BAP1 staining was negative in 34% (53/156) of all tumors and 53% (19/36) of the cases with melanoma-related metastasis. The mean follow-up period was 63.4 months for all patients with the exception of 11 patients, who were excluded because they were lost during follow-up. A large basal tumor diameter, ciliary body involvement, nonspindle cell type, extrascleral extension, and negative BAP1 staining were associated with a worse prognosis. The survival curves significantly differed between the BAP1-negative and BAP1-positive groups (P = 0.004). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 5- and 10-year metastasis-free survival rates were 80% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A large basal tumor diameter, ciliary body involvement, nonspindle cell type, extrascleral extension, and negative BAP1 staining may be risk factors for the prediction of the UM prognosis. A younger age at diagnosis and a similar prognosis between genders may be unique features in Asian patients compared to the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yue
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiang Qian
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yingwen Bi
- b Department of Pathology , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Fengxi Meng
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi Xuan
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
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355
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Kaliki S, Shields CL. Uveal melanoma: relatively rare but deadly cancer. Eye (Lond) 2016; 31:241-257. [PMID: 27911450 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is a relatively rare disease, primarily found in the Caucasian population, uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults with a mean age-adjusted incidence of 5.1 cases per million per year. Tumors are located either in iris (4%), ciliary body (6%), or choroid (90%). The host susceptibility factors for uveal melanoma include fair skin, light eye color, inability to tan, ocular or oculodermal melanocytosis, cutaneous or iris or choroidal nevus, and BRCA1-associated protein 1 mutation. Currently, the most widely used first-line treatment options for this malignancy are resection, radiation therapy, and enucleation. There are two main types of radiation therapy: plaque brachytherapy (iodine-125, ruthenium-106, or palladium-103, or cobalt-60) and teletherapy (proton beam, helium ion, or stereotactic radiosurgery using cyber knife, gamma knife, or linear accelerator). The alternative to radiation is enucleation. Although these therapies achieve satisfactory local disease control, long-term survival rate for patients with uveal melanoma remains guarded, with risk for liver metastasis. There have been advances in early diagnosis over the past few years, and with the hope survival rates could improve as smaller tumors are treated. As in many other cancer indications, both early detection and early treatment could be critical for a positive long-term survival outcome in uveal melanoma. These observations call attention to an unmet medical need for the early treatment of small melanocytic lesions or small melanomas in the eye to achieve local disease control and vision preservation with the possibility to prevent metastases and improve overall patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - C L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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356
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Pollastri S, Gualtieri AF, Vigliaturo R, Ignatyev K, Strafella E, Pugnaloni A, Croce A. Stability of mineral fibres in contact with human cell cultures. An in situ μXANES, μXRD and XRF iron mapping study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:547-557. [PMID: 27619065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Relevant mineral fibres of social and economic importance (chrysotile UICC, crocidolite UICC and a fibrous erionite from Jersey, Nevada, USA) were put in contact with cultured diploid human non-tumorigenic bronchial epithelial (Beas2B) and pleural transformed mesothelial (MeT5A) cells to test their cytotoxicity. Slides of each sample at different contact times up to 96 h were studied in situ using synchrotron XRF, μ-XRD and μ-XAS (I18 beamline, Diamond Light Source, UK) and TEM investigations. XRF maps of samples treated for 96 h evidenced that iron is still present within the chrysotile and crocidolite fibres and retained at the surface of the erionite fibres, indicating its null to minor mobilization in contact with cell media; this picture was confirmed by the results of XANES pre-edge analyses. μ-XRD and TEM data indicate greater morphological and crystallinity modifications occurring in chrysotile, whereas crocidolite and erionite show to be resistant in the biological environment. The contact of chrysotile with the cell cultures seems to lead to earlier amorphization, interpreted as the first dissolution step of these fibres. The formation of such silica-rich fibre skeleton may prompt the production of HO in synergy with surface iron species and could indicate that chrysotile may be much more reactive and cytotoxic in vitro in the (very) short term whereas the activity of crocidolite and erionite would be much more sluggish but persistent in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pollastri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Ruggero Vigliaturo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Elisabetta Strafella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Marche Polytechnic University, Piazza Roma 22, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armanda Pugnaloni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Marche Polytechnic University, Piazza Roma 22, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Croce
- Department of Science and Technology Innovation, The University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
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357
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Abstract
The majority of kidney cancers are associated with mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene and a small proportion are associated with infrequent mutations in other well characterized tumour-suppressor genes. In the past 15 years, efforts to uncover other key genes involved in renal cancer have identified many genes that are dysregulated or silenced via epigenetic mechanisms, mainly through methylation of promoter CpG islands or dysregulation of specific microRNAs. In addition, the advent of next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of several novel genes that are mutated in renal cancer, such as PBRM1, BAP1 and SETD2, which are all involved in histone modification and nucleosome and chromatin remodelling. In this Review, we discuss how altered DNA methylation, microRNA dysregulation and mutations in histone-modifying enzymes disrupt cellular pathways in renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Morris
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Wolverhampton School of Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Farida Latif
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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358
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High-density array-CGH with targeted NGS unmask multiple noncontiguous minute deletions on chromosome 3p21 in mesothelioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13432-13437. [PMID: 27834213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612074113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a custom-made comparative genomic hybridization array (aCGH; average probe interval 254 bp) to screen 33 malignant mesothelioma (MM) biopsies for somatic copy number loss throughout the 3p21 region (10.7 Mb) that harbors 251 genes, including BRCA1 (breast cancer 1)-associated protein 1 (BAP1), the most commonly mutated gene in MM. We identified frequent minute biallelic deletions (<3 kb) in 46 of 251 genes: four were cancer-associated genes: SETD2 (SET domain-containing protein 2) (7 of 33), BAP1 (8 of 33), PBRM1 (polybromo 1) (3 of 33), and SMARCC1 (switch/sucrose nonfermentable- SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily c, member 1) (2 of 33). These four genes were further investigated by targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), which revealed sequence-level mutations causing biallelic inactivation. Combined high-density aCGH and tNGS revealed biallelic gene inactivation in SETD2 (9 of 33, 27%), BAP1 (16 of 33, 48%), PBRM1 (5 of 33, 15%), and SMARCC1 (2 of 33, 6%). The incidence of genetic alterations detected is much higher than reported in the literature because minute deletions are not detected by NGS or commercial aCGH. Many of these minute deletions were not contiguous, but rather alternated with segments showing oscillating copy number changes along the 3p21 region. In summary, we found that in MM: (i) multiple minute simultaneous biallelic deletions are frequent in chromosome 3p21, where they occur as distinct events involving multiple genes; (ii) in addition to BAP1, mutations of SETD2, PBRM1, and SMARCC1 are frequent in MM; and (iii) our results suggest that high-density aCGH combined with tNGS provides a more precise estimate of the frequency and types of genes inactivated in human cancer than approaches based exclusively on NGS strategy.
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359
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Nabavi N, Bennewith KL, Churg A, Wang Y, Collins CC, Mutti L. Switching off malignant mesothelioma: exploiting the hypoxic microenvironment. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:340-354. [PMID: 28191281 PMCID: PMC5302036 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are aggressive, asbestos-related cancers with poor patient prognosis, typically arising in the mesothelial surfaces of tissues in pleural and peritoneal cavity. The relative unspecific symptoms of mesotheliomas, misdiagnoses, and lack of precise targeted therapies call for a more critical assessment of this disease. In the present review, we categorize commonly identified genomic aberrations of mesotheliomas into their canonical pathways and discuss targeting these pathways in the context of tumor hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer known to render solid tumors more resistant to radiation and most chemo-therapy. We then explore the concept that the intrinsic hypoxic microenvironment of mesotheliomas can be Achilles' heel for targeted, multimodal therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nabavi
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Italian Group for Research and Therapy for Mesothelioma (GIMe) & School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
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360
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van Essen TH, van Pelt SI, Bronkhorst IHG, Versluis M, Némati F, Laurent C, Luyten GPM, van Hall T, van den Elsen PJ, van der Velden PA, Decaudin D, Jager MJ. Upregulation of HLA Expression in Primary Uveal Melanoma by Infiltrating Leukocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164292. [PMID: 27764126 PMCID: PMC5072555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uveal melanoma (UM) with an inflammatory phenotype, characterized by infiltrating leukocytes and increased human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, carry an increased risk of death due to metastases. These tumors should be ideal for T-cell based therapies, yet it is not clear why prognostically-infaust tumors have a high HLA expression. We set out to determine whether the level of HLA molecules in UM is associated with other genetic factors, HLA transcriptional regulators, or microenvironmental factors. Methods 28 enucleated UM were used to study HLA class I and II expression, and several regulators of HLA by immunohistochemistry, PCR microarray, qPCR and chromosome SNP-array. Fresh tumor samples of eight primary UM and four metastases were compared to their corresponding xenograft in SCID mice, using a PCR microarray and SNP array. Results Increased expression levels of HLA class I and II showed no dosage effect of chromosome 6p, but, as expected, were associated with monosomy of chromosome 3. Increased HLA class I and II protein levels were positively associated with their gene expression and with raised levels of the peptide-loading gene TAP1, and HLA transcriptional regulators IRF1, IRF8, CIITA, and NLRC5, revealing a higher transcriptional activity in prognostically-bad tumors. Implantation of fresh human tumor samples into SCID mice led to a loss of infiltrating leukocytes, and to a decreased expression of HLA class I and II genes, and their regulators. Conclusion Our data provides evidence for a proper functioning HLA regulatory system in UM, offering a target for T-cell based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sake I van Pelt
- Department of Medical Statistics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mieke Versluis
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fariba Némati
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Laurent
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Didier Decaudin
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Institut Curie, Paris France
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361
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Micol JB, Abdel-Wahab O. The Role of Additional Sex Combs-Like Proteins in Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026526. [PMID: 27527698 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Additional sex combs-like (ASXL) proteins are mammalian homologs of Addition of sex combs (Asx), a protein that regulates the balance of trithorax and Polycomb function in Drosophila. All three ASXL family members (ASXL1, ASXL2, and ASXL3) are affected by somatic or de novo germline mutations in cancer or rare developmental syndromes, respectively. Although Asx is characterized as a catalytic partner for the deubiquitinase Calypso (or BAP1), there are domains of ASXL proteins that are distinct from Asx and the roles and redundancies of ASXL members are not yet well understood. Moreover, it is not yet fully clarified if commonly encountered ASXL1 mutations result in a loss of protein or stable expression of a truncated protein with dominant-negative or gain-of-function properties. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the biological and functional roles of ASXL members in development, cancer, and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Micol
- Hematology Department, INSERM UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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362
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Abstract
Kidney cancer is not a single disease but is made up of a number of different types of cancer classified by histology that are disparate in presentation, clinical course, and genetic basis. Studies of families with inherited renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have provided the basis for our understanding of the causative genes and altered metabolic pathways in renal cancer with different histologies. Von Hippel-Lindau disease was the first renal cancer disorder with a defined genetic basis. Over the next two decades, the genes responsible for a number of other inherited renal cancer syndromes including hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, Birt-Hogg-Dube´syndrome, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, and succinate dehydrogenase-associated renal cancer were identified. Recently, renal cell carcinoma has been confirmed as part of the clinical phenotype in individuals from families with BAP1-associated tumor predisposition syndrome and MiTF-associated cancer syndrome. Here we summarize the clinical characteristics of and causative genes for these and other inherited RCC syndromes, the pathways that are dysregulated when the inherited genes are mutated, and recommended clinical management of patients with these inherited renal cancer syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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363
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Rodríguez A, Dueñas-Gonzalez A, Delgado-Pelayo S. Clinical presentation and management of uveal melanoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:675-677. [PMID: 28101347 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. The majority of the patients are Caucasian (97.8%) and aged 50-80 years. Choroidal melanoma is the predominant type (86.3%). The clinical presentation may range from no symptoms over various types of visual disturbances to visual loss. Examination includes slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and diagnostic testing, such as B-scan ultrasonography. A number of patients with posterior UM are treated with plaque radiation therapy or enucleation. At present, targeted therapy includes inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling pathway. UM disseminates hematogenously, with a high propensity for metastasis to the liver, which the most common site (93% of the cases). While UM is uncommon, a significant proportion of affected patients succumb to this disease and new treatment options to improve patient survival are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Rodríguez
- Department of Pathology, Association for the Prevention of Blindness in Mexico I.A.P, Mexico City 04030, Mexico
| | | | - Sarai Delgado-Pelayo
- Department of Pathology, Association for the Prevention of Blindness in Mexico I.A.P, Mexico City 04030, Mexico
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364
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Wang A, Papneja A, Hyrcza M, Al-Habeeb A, Ghazarian D. Gene of the month: BAP1. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:750-3. [PMID: 27235536 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The BAP1 gene (BRCA1-associated protein 1) is a tumour suppressor gene that encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), regulating key cellular pathways, including cell cycle, cellular differentiation, transcription and DNA damage response. Germline BAP1 mutations cause a novel cancer syndrome characterised by early onset of multiple atypical Spitz tumours and increased risk of uveal and cutaneous melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma and various other malignancies. Recognising the clinicopathological features of specific BAP1-deficient tumours is crucial for early screening/tumour detection, with significant impact on patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anjali Papneja
- Department of Dermatology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Hyrcza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayman Al-Habeeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Ghazarian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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365
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The resistance related to targeted therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma: Why has not the target been hit yet? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 107:20-32. [PMID: 27823648 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor of the pleura with a poor prognosis. The most active first-line regimens are platinum compounds and pemetrexed. There is no standard second-line treatment in MPM. Advances in the understanding of tumor molecular biology have led to the development of several targeted treatments, which have been evaluated in clinical trials. Unfortunately none of the explored targeted treatments can currently be recommended as routine treatment in MPM. We reviewed the biological pathways involved in MPM, the clinical trials about targeted therapy, and possible related mechanisms of resistance. We suggest that specific genetic markers are needed as targets of selective therapy. By this way the selection of patients based on the molecular profile may facilitate a therapeutic strategy that allows the use of the most appropriate drug for each patient.
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366
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Al-Shamsi HO, Anand D, Shroff RT, Jain A, Zuo M, Conrad C, Vauthey JN, Javle MM. BRCA-associated protein 1 mutant cholangiocarcinoma: an aggressive disease subtype. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:556-61. [PMID: 27563445 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA-associated protein 1, an enzyme encoded by the BAP1 gene, is commonly mutated in uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, and renal cancers. Tumors with BAP1 mutation follow an aggressive course. BAP1 mutations have also been observed in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The clinical phenotype of BAP1 mutant CCA may yield useful prognostic and therapeutic information but has not been defined. METHODS The records of CCA patients who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) were reviewed, and data on clinical, histopathological, genetic, and radiological features; response to therapy; time to progression; and survival were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-two cases of BAP1-mutation associated CCA were diagnosed from January 1, 2009, to February 1, 2015, at our center. Twenty patients had intrahepatic CCA and two had extrahepatic CCA. Tumor sizes (largest dimension) ranged from 2 to 16 cm (mean, 8.5 cm). Twelve patients had tumors that were poorly differentiated. Majority of the patients had advanced disease at presentation and 13 had bone metastases. Thirteen patients (59%) experienced rapidly progressive disease following primary therapy (chemotherapy or surgical resection). The mean time to tumor progression was 3.8 months after the first line chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS BAP1 mutation in CCA may be associated with aggressive disease and poor response to standard therapies. Therefore, BAP1-targeted therapies need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaid O Al-Shamsi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deepa Anand
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachna T Shroff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Apurva Jain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mingxin Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudius Conrad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean-Nicolas Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Milind M Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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367
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Kato S, Tomson BN, Buys TPH, Elkin SK, Carter JL, Kurzrock R. Genomic Landscape of Malignant Mesotheliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2498-2507. [PMID: 27507853 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genomic landscape of malignant mesothelioma may identify novel molecular drivers of this ultra-rare disease, which can lead to an expanded roster of targeted therapies and clinical trial options for patients with mesothelioma. We examined the molecular profiles of 42 patients with malignant mesothelioma (including pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial) that were referred by clinicians to be tested in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory using next-generation sequencing (NGS; 182 or 236 genes). Among 42 patients, there were 116 alterations, with 92 being distinct. The number of genomic alterations per patient ranged from 1 to 5 (median = 3). No two patients had identical molecular portfolios. The most common aberrations were in BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1; 47.6% [20/42]), NF2 (38.1% [16/42]), and CDKN2A/B (loss) (35.7% [15/42]). BAP1 alterations and CDKN2A/B loss were associated with pleural mesothelioma (OR 3.4, P = 0.059 [BAP1] [trend]; OR 5.8, P = 0.01 [CDKN2A/B]). All 42 patients had a molecular abnormality that was potentially actionable (median = three actionable alterations per patient; range, 1 to 5), and, in 40 patients (95.2%), a drug approved by the FDA was applicable. In conclusion, each individual with malignant mesothelioma harbored a unique set of genomic aberrations, suggesting that NGS-based profiling of patients will be needed if patients are to be optimally matched to cognate treatments. All 42 patients had at least one alteration that was, in theory, pharmacologically tractable. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2498-507. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Kato
- Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California.
| | | | | | | | | | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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368
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Chen T, Kharazmi E, Lou J, Zhang X, Sundquist K, Hemminki K. Risk of second primary cancers after malignant mesothelioma and vice versa. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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369
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Baughman JM, Rose CM, Kolumam G, Webster JD, Wilkerson EM, Merrill AE, Rhoads TW, Noubade R, Katavolos P, Lesch J, Stapleton DS, Rabaglia ME, Schueler KL, Asuncion R, Domeyer M, Zavala-Solorio J, Reich M, DeVoss J, Keller MP, Attie AD, Hebert AS, Westphall MS, Coon JJ, Kirkpatrick DS, Dey A. NeuCode Proteomics Reveals Bap1 Regulation of Metabolism. Cell Rep 2016; 16:583-595. [PMID: 27373151 PMCID: PMC5546211 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce neutron-encoded (NeuCode) amino acid labeling of mice as a strategy for multiplexed proteomic analysis in vivo. Using NeuCode, we characterize an inducible knockout mouse model of Bap1, a tumor suppressor and deubiquitinase whose in vivo roles outside of cancer are not well established. NeuCode proteomics revealed altered metabolic pathways following Bap1 deletion, including profound elevation of cholesterol biosynthetic machinery coincident with reduced expression of gluconeogenic and lipid homeostasis proteins in liver. Bap1 loss increased pancreatitis biomarkers and reduced expression of mitochondrial proteins. These alterations accompany a metabolic remodeling with hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hepatic lipid loss, and acinar cell degeneration. Liver-specific Bap1 null mice present with fully penetrant perinatal lethality, severe hypoglycemia, and hepatic lipid deficiency. This work reveals Bap1 as a metabolic regulator in liver and pancreas, and it establishes NeuCode as a reliable proteomic method for deciphering in vivo biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Baughman
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Emily M Wilkerson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna E Merrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy W Rhoads
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Paula Katavolos
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Justin Lesch
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Donald S Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mary E Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kathy L Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Raymond Asuncion
- Department of Transgenic Technology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Melanie Domeyer
- Department of Transgenic Technology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jose Zavala-Solorio
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael Reich
- Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Donald S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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370
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Luchini C, Veronese N, Yachida S, Cheng L, Nottegar A, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Capelli P, Pea A, Barbareschi M, Fassan M, Wood LD, Scarpa A. Different prognostic roles of tumor suppressor gene BAP1 in cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:741-9. [PMID: 27223342 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has been demonstrated in several cancers, but its prognostic role has not been completely explained. We aimed to investigate the risk associated with loss of BAP1 (BAP1-) for all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality and recurrence of disease in subjects with cancer. PubMed and SCOPUS were searched from database inception until 09/15/2015 without language restrictions. Prospective studies reporting data on prognostic parameters in subjects with cancer, comparing participants with presence of BAP1 (BAP1+) vs. BAP1- were included. Data were summarized using risk ratios (RR) for number of deaths/recurrences and hazard ratios (HR) for time-dependent risk related to BAP1- adjusted for potential confounders. From 261 hits, 12 studies (including 13 cohorts) with 3,447 participants (BAP1-: n = 697; BAP1+: n = 2,750), with a median follow-up over 60 months, were meta-analyzed. Compared to BAP1+, BAP1- significantly increased all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality and risk of recurrence in all the tumor types analyzed, except for mesothelioma, in which the presence of BAP1 mutations correlates with a better prognosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BAP1 mutated colorectal and renal carcinomas are associated with high-tumor grading (P < 0.0001), and that BAP1 mutated is more common in women than in men (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, on the basis of our meta-analysis, we have demonstrated a peculiar role of BAP1 in influencing the prognosis in cancer. Thus, BAP1 could be considered as an important potential target for personalized medicine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-NET Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alessia Nottegar
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Pea
- Department of Surgery, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy.,ARC-NET Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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371
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Ransohoff KJ, Jaju PD, Jaju PD, Tang JY, Carbone M, Leachman S, Sarin KY. Familial skin cancer syndromes: Increased melanoma risk. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:423-34; quiz 435-6. [PMID: 26892652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic traits, such as red hair and freckling, increase melanoma risk by 2- to 3-fold. In addition, approximately 10% of melanomas are caused by inherited germline mutations that increase melanoma risk from 4- to >1000-fold. This review highlights the key genes responsible for inherited melanoma, with an emphasis on when a patient should undergo genetic testing. Many genetic syndromes associated with increased melanoma risk are also associated with an increased risk of other cancers. Identification of these high-risk patients is essential for preventive behavior reinforcement, genetic counseling, and ensuring other required cancer screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prajaka D Jaju
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Jean Y Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Michele Carbone
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Sancy Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
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372
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Hereditary melanoma: Update on syndromes and management: Emerging melanoma cancer complexes and genetic counseling. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:411-20; quiz 421-2. [PMID: 26892651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer genomics have enabled the discovery of many cancer-predisposing genes that are being used to classify new familial melanoma/cancer syndromes. In addition to CDKN2A and CDK4, germline variants in TERT, MITF, and BAP1 have been added to the list of genes harboring melanoma-predisposing mutations. These newer entities may have escaped earlier description in part because of more advanced technologies now being used and in part because of their mixed cancer phenotype as opposed to a melanoma-focused syndrome. Dermatologists should be aware of (and be able to recognize) the clinical signs in high-risk patients in different contexts. Personal and family histories of cancer should always be sought in patients with multiple nevi or a positive history for melanoma, and should be updated annually. Various features that are unique to specific disorders, such as the appearance of melanocytic BAP1-mutated atypical intradermal tumors in cases of BAP1 melanoma syndrome, should also be recognized early. These patients should be offered regular screenings with the use of dermoscopy and total body photography, as needed. More importantly, referral to other specialists may be needed if a risk for internal malignancy is suspected. It is important to have in mind that these patients tend to develop multiple melanomas, along with various internal organ malignancies, often at younger ages; a multidisciplinary approach to their cancer screening and treatment is ideal.
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373
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Brevet M. Comparative genetics of diffuse malignant mesothelioma tumors of the peritoneumand pleura, with focus on BAP1 expression. Pleura Peritoneum 2016; 1:91-97. [PMID: 30911612 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a malignancy arising from the mesothelial cells lining the thoracic and abdominal serosal cavities. The pleural space is the most commonly affected site, accounting for about 80% of cases, while peritoneum makes up the majority of the remaining 20%. The different types of mesotheliomas are generally considered as distinct diseases with specific risk factors, therapeutic strategies and prognoses. Epidemiological and clinical differences between pleural and peritoneal MM raise questions about the involvement of different molecular mechanisms. Since the BAP1 gene is involved in the BAP1 cancer syndrome and seems to be a prognostic factor in MM, this review presents an overview of BAP1 alterations in mesothelioma comparing pleural and peritoneal localizations.
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374
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Lai J, Zhou Z, Tang XJ, Gao ZB, Zhou J, Chen SQ. A Tumor-Specific Neo-Antigen Caused by a Frameshift Mutation in BAP1 Is a Potential Personalized Biomarker in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050739. [PMID: 27187383 PMCID: PMC4881561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive rare malignancy associated with asbestos exposure. A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MPM will help develop a targeted therapy strategy. Oncogene targeted depth sequencing was performed on a tumor sample and paired peripheral blood DNA from a patient with malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Four somatic base-substitutions in NOTCH2, NSD1, PDE4DIP, and ATP10B and 1 insert frameshift mutation in BAP1 were validated by the Sanger method at the transcriptional level. A 13-amino acids neo-peptide of the truncated Bap1 protein, which was produced as a result of this novel frameshift mutation, was predicted to be presented by this patient's HLA-B protein. The polyclonal antibody of the synthesized 13-mer neo-peptide was produced in rabbits. Western blotting results showed a good antibody-neoantigen specificity, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with the antibody of the neo-peptide clearly differentiated neoplastic cells from normal cells. A search of the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database also revealed that 53.2% of mutations in BAP1 were frameshift indels with neo-peptide formation. An identified tumor-specific neo-antigen could be the potential molecular biomarker for personalized diagnosis to precisely subtype rare malignancies such as MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Tang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhi-Bin Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuyao People's Hospital, 800 Chengdong Road, Yuyao 315400, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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375
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Thomas A, Chen Y, Yu T, Gill A, Prasad V. Distinctive clinical characteristics of malignant mesothelioma in young patients. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26202904 PMCID: PMC4599306 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considered a disease of the elderly, a subset of patients with mesothelioma are young (<40 years). The goal of this study was to understand their characteristics and outcomes. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to extract mesothelioma cases (1990-2010). We modeled Kaplan-Meyer survival curves stratified by site of disease, and age of presentation. 2% (207 of 12345) of mesothelioma patients are young. Sex distribution is comparable among the young (51% males, 49% females); males predominated (78%, 22%) in the older cohort. Frequency of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma are similar in the young (47%, 48% respectively); pleural disease predominated in the old (90%, 9%). Cancer-directed surgeries are more frequent in the young. Regardless of histologic subtype, young patients with pleural (11 vs. 8 months) and peritoneal (not reached vs. 10 months) mesothelioma had significantly improved overall survival. In multivariate analysis, younger age was an independent prognostic factor. Although rare, mesothelioma do occur in the young; their characteristics are distinct from those of older patients. Further studies are needed to understand the interplay between genetic susceptibility and mineral fiber carcinogenesis in the pathogenesis of mesothelioma in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Thomas
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tinghui Yu
- Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ammara Gill
- Meyer Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Hospital, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Vinay Prasad
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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376
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Jaouen A, Thivolet-Bejui F, Chalabreysse L, Piaton E, Traverse-Glehen A, Isaac S, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Depaepe L, Fontaine J, Remy I, Maury JM, Brevet M. Apport de l’expression protéique de BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) dans le diagnostic des mésothéliomes malins diffus pleuraux : une analyse cytologique et histologique comparative sur une série de 50 patients. Ann Pathol 2016; 36:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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377
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Lim KH, Song MH, Baek KH. Decision for cell fate: deubiquitinating enzymes in cell cycle checkpoint. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1439-55. [PMID: 26762302 PMCID: PMC11108577 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
All organs consisting of single cells are consistently maintaining homeostasis in response to stimuli such as free oxygen, DNA damage, inflammation, and microorganisms. The cell cycle of all mammalian cells is regulated by protein expression in the right phase to respond to proliferation and apoptosis signals. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins by several protein-editing enzymes are associated with cell cycle regulation by their enzymatic functions. Ubiquitination, one of the PTMs, is also strongly related to cell cycle regulation by protein degradation or signal transduction. The importance of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which have a reversible function for ubiquitination, has recently suggested that the function of DUBs is also important for determining the fate of proteins during cell cycle processing. This article reviews and summarizes the diverse roles of DUBs, including DNA damage, cell cycle processing, and regulation of histone proteins, and also suggests the possibility for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 463-400, Republic of Korea.
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378
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Pillai S, Gopalan V, Smith RA, Lam AKY. Updates on the genetics and the clinical impacts on phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in the new era. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:190-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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379
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Churg A, Attanoos R, Borczuk AC, Chirieac LR, Galateau-Sallé F, Gibbs A, Henderson D, Roggli V, Rusch V, Judge MJ, Srigley JR. Dataset for Reporting of Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleura or Peritoneum: Recommendations From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:1104-10. [PMID: 27031777 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0073-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT -The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a not-for-profit organization formed by the Royal Colleges of Pathologists of Australasia and the United Kingdom; the College of American Pathologists; the Canadian Association of Pathologists-Association Canadienne des Pathologists, in association with the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer; and the European Society of Pathology. Its goal is to produce common, internationally agreed upon, evidence-based datasets for use throughout the world. OBJECTIVE -To describe a dataset developed by the Expert Panel of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting for reporting malignant mesothelioma of both the pleura and peritoneum. The dataset is composed of "required" (mandatory) and "recommended" (nonmandatory) elements. DESIGN -Based on a review of the most recent evidence and supported by explanatory commentary. RESULTS -Eight required elements and 7 recommended elements were agreed upon by the Expert Panel to represent the essential information for reporting malignant mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum. CONCLUSIONS -In time, the widespread use of an internationally agreed upon, structured, pathology dataset for mesothelioma will lead not only to improved patient management but also provide valuable data for research and international benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Churg
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Dr Churg); the Department of Cellular Pathology, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom (Drs Attanoos and Gibbs); the Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York (Dr Borczuk); the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Chirieac); the Department of Pathology, University Hospital Caen, and Department of Biopathology, Léon-Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France (Dr Galateau-Sallé); the Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (Dr Henderson); the Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Roggli); the Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (Dr Rusch); the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Ms Judge); and the Program of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, and the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Dr Srigley)
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380
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Yu M, Liang H, Fu Z, Wang X, Liao Z, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Hong Y, Zhou X, Yan X, Yu M, Ma M, Zhang W, Guo B, Zhang J, Zen K, Zhang CY, Wang T, Zhang Q, Chen X. BAP1 suppresses lung cancer progression and is inhibited by miR-31. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13742-53. [PMID: 26885612 PMCID: PMC4924675 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is an important nuclear-localized deubiquitinating enzyme that serves as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer; however, its function and its regulation are largely unknown. In this study, we found that BAP1 protein levels were dramatically diminished in lung cancer tissues while its mRNA levels did not differ significantly, suggesting that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved in BAP1 regulation. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, we used bioinformatic analyses to search for miRNAs that could potentially bind BAP1. We predicted and experimentally validated miR-31 as a direct regulator of BAP1. Moreover, we showed that miR-31 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in lung cancer cells and accelerated the development of tumor growth in xenograft mice by inhibiting BAP1. Taken together, this study highlights an important role for miR-31 in the suppression of BAP1 in lung cancer cells and may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicong Liao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Multi-Center Biobank, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Multi-Center Biobank, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yeting Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoliang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Multi-Center Biobank, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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381
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Tayao M, Andrici J, Farzin M, Clarkson A, Sioson L, Watson N, Chua TC, Sztynda T, Samra JS, Gill AJ. Loss of BAP1 Expression Is Very Rare in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150338. [PMID: 26982343 PMCID: PMC4794169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is both common and highly lethal and therefore new biomarkers or potential targets for treatment are needed. Loss of BRCA associated protein-1 (BAP1) expression has been found in up to a quarter of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Given the close anatomical relationship between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we therefore sought to investigate the frequency of loss of BAP1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS The records of the department of Anatomical Pathology Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia, were searched for cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1992 and 2014 with material available in archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks. Immunohistochemistry for BAP1 was performed on tissue microarray sections and if staining was equivocal or negative it was confirmed on whole sections. Negative staining for BAP1 was defined as loss of expression in all neoplastic nuclei, with preserved expression in non-neoplastic cells which acted as an internal positive control. RESULTS Loss of BAP1 expression was found in only 1 of 306 (0.33%) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. This case was confirmed to demonstrate diffuse loss of expression throughout all neoplastic cells in multiple blocks, consistent with BAP1 loss being an early clonal event. All other cases demonstrated positive expression of BAP1. CONCLUSION We conclude that, in contrast to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, loss of expression of BAP1 occurs very rarely in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Therefore BAP1 inactivation is unlikely to be a frequent driver abnormality in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tayao
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia, 2007
| | - Juliana Andrici
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
| | - Mahtab Farzin
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
| | - Adele Clarkson
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
| | - Loretta Sioson
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
| | - Nicole Watson
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
| | - Terence C Chua
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, and Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamara Sztynda
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia, 2007
| | - Jaswinder S Samra
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, and Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
- Sydney Vital Translational Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, NSW, Australia, 2065
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382
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Mezzapelle R, Rrapaj E, Gatti E, Ceriotti C, Marchis FD, Preti A, Spinelli AE, Perani L, Venturini M, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Pecciarini L, Doglioni C, Frenquelli M, Crippa L, Recordati C, Scanziani E, de Vries H, Berns A, Frapolli R, Boldorini R, D'Incalci M, Bianchi ME, Crippa MP. Human malignant mesothelioma is recapitulated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice injected with murine AB cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22850. [PMID: 26961782 PMCID: PMC4785401 DOI: 10.1038/srep22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Here we describe the molecular, cellular and morphological characterization of a syngeneic system consisting of murine AB1, AB12 and AB22 mesothelioma cells injected in immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which allows the study of the interplay of tumor cells with the immune system. Murine mesothelioma cells, like human ones, respond to exogenous High Mobility Group Box 1 protein, a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern that acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and as a proinflammatory mediator. The tumors derived from AB cells are morphologically and histologically similar to human MM tumors, and respond to treatments used for MM patients. Our system largely recapitulates human mesothelioma, and we advocate its use for the study of MM development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Eltjona Rrapaj
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceriotti
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonello E Spinelli
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Medical Physics Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Diagnostic Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,IBFM-CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Health Sciences Dept., Milano Bicocca University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathological Anatomy Laboratory, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Luca Crippa
- ISTOVET, Besana in Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy.,Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Hilda de Vries
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renzo Boldorini
- Division of Pathology "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo P Crippa
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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383
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Yavuzyigitoglu S, Koopmans AE, Verdijk RM, Vaarwater J, Eussen B, van Bodegom A, Paridaens D, Kiliç E, de Klein A. Uveal Melanomas with SF3B1 Mutations: A Distinct Subclass Associated with Late-Onset Metastases. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1118-28. [PMID: 26923342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of SF3B1 and EIF1AX mutations in uveal melanoma (UM) patients. DESIGN Case series. PARTICIPANTS Cohort of 151 patients diagnosed with and treated for UM. METHODS SF3B1 and EIF1AX mutations in primary tumors were investigated using whole-exome sequencing (n = 25) and Sanger sequencing (n = 151). For the detection of BAP1 mutations, a previously reported cohort of 90 patients was extended using BAP1 sequencing or immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The status of SF3B1, EIF1AX, and BAP1 in tumors of patients were correlated to clinical, histopathologic, and genetic parameters. Survival analyses were performed for patients whose tumors had SF3B1, EIF1AX, and BAP1 mutations. RESULTS Patients with tumors harboring EIF1AX mutations rarely demonstrated metastases (2 of 28 patients) and overall had a longer disease-free survival (DFS; 190.1 vs. 100.2 months; P < 0.001). Within the patient group with disomy 3, UM patients with an SF3B1 mutation had an increased metastatic risk compared with those without an SF3B1 mutation (DFS, 132.8 vs. 174.4 months; P = 0.008). Patients with such a mutation were more prone to demonstrate late metastases (median, 8.2 years; range, 23-145 months). Patients with UM and loss of BAP1 expression had a significantly decreased survival (DFS, 69.0 vs. 147.9 months; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS According to our data, patients with UM can be classified into 3 groups, of which EIF1AX-mutated tumors and tumors without BAP1, SF3B1, or EIF1AX mutations are associated with prolonged survival and low metastatic risk, SF3B1-mutated tumors are associated with late metastasis, and tumors with an aberrant BAP1 are associated with an early metastatic risk and rapid decline in patient DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Yavuzyigitoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Koopmans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Vaarwater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Eussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice van Bodegom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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384
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Gerami P, Yélamos O, Lee CY, Obregon R, Yazdan P, Sholl LM, Guitart GE, Njauw CN, Tsao H. Multiple Cutaneous Melanomas and Clinically Atypical Moles in a Patient With a Novel Germline BAP1 Mutation. JAMA Dermatol 2016; 151:1235-9. [PMID: 26154183 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several kindreds having germline BAP1 mutations with a propensity for uveal and cutaneous melanomas and other internal malignancies have been described in an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome. However, clinically atypical moles have not been previously recognized as a component of this syndrome, to our knowledge. We describe the first kindred to date with a germline mutation in BAP1 associated with multiple cutaneous melanomas and classic dysplastic nevus syndrome. OBSERVATIONS We describe a 53-year-old man who was initially seen in 2003 with dysplastic nevus syndrome, multiple atypical melanocytic proliferations showing loss of immunostaining for BAP1, and 7 cutaneous melanomas. Germline testing was performed in the proband, his 16-year-old son, and his 13-year-old daughter, revealing a germline mutation in the BAP1 gene (c.592G>T, p.Glu198X) in the proband and in his 16-year-old son. CDKN2A and CDK4 genes were wild type. No members of this kindred reported a history of uveal melanoma. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with multiple melanomas, dysplastic nevus syndrome, and an inactivating germline BAP1 mutation. The coexistence of dysplastic nevus syndrome and a BAP1 germline mutation extends the spectrum of the BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome and may confer a greater risk for cutaneous melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois2Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Oriol Yélamos
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roxana Obregon
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pedram Yazdan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren M Sholl
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gerta E Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ching-Ni Njauw
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston4Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston4Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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385
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Kadariya Y, Cheung M, Xu J, Pei J, Sementino E, Menges CW, Cai KQ, Rauscher FJ, Klein-Szanto AJ, Testa JR. Bap1 Is a Bona Fide Tumor Suppressor: Genetic Evidence from Mouse Models Carrying Heterozygous Germline Bap1 Mutations. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2836-44. [PMID: 26896281 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals harboring inherited heterozygous germline mutations in BAP1 are predisposed to a range of benign and malignant tumor types, including malignant mesothelioma, melanoma, and kidney carcinoma. However, evidence to support a tumor-suppressive role for BAP1 in cancer remains contradictory. To test experimentally whether BAP1 behaves as a tumor suppressor, we monitored spontaneous tumor development in three different mouse models with germline heterozygous mutations in Bap1, including two models in which the knock-in mutations are identical to those reported in human BAP1 cancer syndrome families. We observed spontaneous malignant tumors in 54 of 93 Bap1-mutant mice (58%) versus 4 of 43 (9%) wild-type littermates. All three Bap1-mutant models exhibited a high incidence and similar spectrum of neoplasms, including ovarian sex cord stromal tumors, lung and mammary carcinomas, and spindle cell tumors. Notably, we also observed malignant mesotheliomas in two Bap1-mutant mice, but not in any wild-type animals. We further confirmed that the remaining wild-type Bap1 allele was lost in both spontaneous ovarian tumors and mesotheliomas, resulting in the loss of Bap1 expression. Additional studies revealed that asbestos exposure induced a highly significant increase in the incidence of aggressive mesotheliomas in the two mouse models carrying clinically relevant Bap1 mutations compared with asbestos-exposed wild-type littermates. Collectively, these findings provide genetic evidence that Bap1 is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene and offer key insights into the contribution of carcinogen exposure to enhanced cancer susceptibility. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2836-44. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwaraj Kadariya
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinfei Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianming Pei
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig W Menges
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank J Rauscher
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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386
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New Insights Into the Mechanism of COP9 Signalosome-Cullin-RING Ubiquitin-Ligase Pathway Deregulation in Urological Cancers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:181-229. [PMID: 26944622 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Urological cancers are a very common type of cancer worldwide and have alarming high incidence and mortality rates, especially in kidney cancers, illustrate the urgent need for new therapeutic targets. Recent publications point to a deregulated COP9 signalosome (CSN)-cullin-RING ubiquitin-ligase (CRL) pathway which is here considered and investigated as potential target in urological cancers with strong focus on renal cell carcinomas (RCC). The CSN forms supercomplexes with CRLs in order to preserve protein homeostasis and was found deregulated in several cancer types. Examination of selected CSN-CRL pathway components in RCC patient samples and four RCC cell lines revealed an interesting deregulated p27(Kip1)-Skp2-CAND1 axis and two p27(Kip1) point mutations in 786-O cells; p27(Kip1)V109G and p27(Kip1)I119T. The p27(Kip1) mutants were detected in patients with RCC and appear to be responsible for an accelerated growth rate in 786-O cells. The occurrence of p27(Kip1)V109G and p27(Kip1)I119T in RCC makes the CSN-CRL pathway an attractive therapeutic target.
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387
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Turunen JA, Markkinen S, Wilska R, Saarinen S, Raivio V, Täll M, Lehesjoki AE, Kivelä TT. BAP1 Germline Mutations in Finnish Patients with Uveal Melanoma. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1112-7. [PMID: 26876698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline mutations of the BRCA1-associated protein-1 gene (BAP1) predispose carriers to uveal melanoma. We report the population-based frequency of germline pathogenic variants of BAP1 in Finnish patients with uveal melanoma who live in a high-risk region for this cancer. DESIGN Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS In Finland, uveal melanomas are treated centrally in the Ocular Oncology Service, Helsinki University Hospital. We collected clinical data and genomic DNA from 148 of 188 consecutive patients diagnosed from January 2010 through December 2012. Seven of these patients from 6 families had a history of uveal melanoma in 1 relative, and 2 patients from 2 additional families had such a history in 2 relatives. METHODS Sequencing BAP1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pathogenic variants in BAP1. RESULTS We found 2 different pathogenic variants in BAP1 in 3 patients. Two patients had a single nucleotide insertion in exon 14 resulting in a shift of reading frame. Both had a family history of uveal melanoma in at least 1 relative. One patient without a family history of uveal melanoma had a single nucleotide substitution in the conserved splice donor site of intron 2. BAP1 cancer predisposition syndrome-related cancers were present in all 3 families. The overall frequency of BAP1 pathogenic variants was 2.0% (3/148; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-5.8), the frequency among patients 50 years of age or younger was 3.6% (1/28; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-18), and a pathogenic variant was detected in 2 of 8 families with a history of uveal melanoma. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of BAP1 germline pathogenic variants in consecutive Finnish patients with uveal melanoma who come from a high-risk region for the development of this cancer is comparable with reports from other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni A Turunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Rosi Wilska
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silva Saarinen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Raivio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Täll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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388
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DesJarlais R, Tummino PJ. Role of Histone-Modifying Enzymes and Their Complexes in Regulation of Chromatin Biology. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1584-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee DesJarlais
- Lead Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter J. Tummino
- Lead Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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389
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Pérez-Guzmán C, Barrera-Rodríguez R, Portilla-Segura J. Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a 17-year old boy: A case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2016; 17:57-60. [PMID: 27222787 PMCID: PMC4821324 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare, invasive and often fatal neoplasm that develops in the thin layer of tissue surrounding the lungs known as the pleura. Although rare, mesotheliomas do occur in the young; their characteristics are distinct from those of older patients. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case report of a 17-year-old boy who had moderate dyspnea, cough, right-sided pleuritic chest pain, fever, headache and no weight loss. Physical examination showed a right pleural effusion and chest roentgenograms revealed a homogenous opacity on lower right hemithorax. Biochemical analysis of pleural fluid showed hemorrhagic/turbid effusion compatible with exudate. It was initially treated as an empyema. The pleural fluid culture was negative. Adenosine deaminase level was 34.3 U/L (admission) and 19.02 U/L (two weeks after). Pleural fluid smear and culture for Mtb were negative. During the open pleural biopsy, thickened pleura and multiple pale yellow nodules in the lung were observed. The histopathological report was compatible with malignant pleural mesothelioma. With this diagnosis, a chemotherapy regimen with cisplatin was initiated. After two cycles, the patient had no clinical and radiological improvement. The patient is currently under regular follow up. CONCLUSION MPM is rare in young adults and its clinical presentation makes it different from mesothelioma in elderly patients, so it will be necessary to identify the new risk factors that can identify these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pérez-Guzmán
- Hospital General Tercer Milenio. Instituto de Salud del Estado de Aguascalientes, Av. Siglo XXI s/n Col. Satélite Morelos, Aguascalientes 20140, México
| | - R. Barrera-Rodríguez
- Depto. de Bioquímica y Medicina Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias-SSA, Clza. Tlalpan, 4502, Col Sec. XVI. México, D.F., 14080, México
| | - J. Portilla-Segura
- Hospital General Tercer Milenio. Instituto de Salud del Estado de Aguascalientes, Av. Siglo XXI s/n Col. Satélite Morelos, Aguascalientes 20140, México
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390
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BAP1/ASXL1 recruitment and activation for H2A deubiquitination. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10292. [PMID: 26739236 PMCID: PMC4729829 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is an important tumor suppressor that has drawn attention in the clinic since its loss leads to a variety of cancers. BAP1 is activated by ASXL1 to deubiquitinate mono-ubiquitinated H2A at K119 in Polycomb gene repression, but the mechanism of this reaction remains poorly defined. Here we show that the BAP1 C-terminal extension is important for H2A deubiquitination by auto-recruiting BAP1 to nucleosomes in a process that does not require the nucleosome acidic patch. This initial encounter-like complex is unproductive and needs to be activated by the DEUBAD domains of ASXL1, ASXL2 or ASXL3 to increase BAP1's affinity for ubiquitin on H2A, to drive the deubiquitination reaction. The reaction is specific for Polycomb modifications of H2A as the complex cannot deubiquitinate the DNA damage-dependent ubiquitination at H2A K13/15. Our results contribute to the molecular understanding of this important tumor suppressor.
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391
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Baumann F, Carbone M. Environmental risk of mesothelioma in the United States: An emerging concern-epidemiological issues. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:231-249. [PMID: 27705543 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1195322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite predictions of decline in mesothelioma following the ban of asbestos in most industrial countries, the incidence is still increasing globally, particularly in women. Because occupational exposure to asbestos is the main cause of mesothelioma, it occurs four- to eightfold more frequently in men than women, at a median age of 74 years. When mesothelioma is due to an environmental exposure, the M:F sex ratio is 1:1 and the median age at diagnosis is ~60 years. Studying environmental risk of mesothelioma is challenging because of the long latency period and small numbers, and because this type of exposure is involuntary and unknown. Individual-based methods cannot be used, and new approaches need to be found. To better understand the most recent trends of mesothelioma in the United States, all mesothelioma deaths reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during 1999-2010 were analyzed. Among all mesothelioma deaths in the United States, the 1920s birth cohort significantly predominated, and the proportion of younger cohorts constantly decreased with time, suggesting a decline in occupational exposure in these cohorts. The M:F mesothelioma sex ratio fell with time, suggesting an increased proportion of environmental cases. Environmental exposures occur in specific geographic areas. At the large scale of a state, mesotheliomas related to environmental exposure are diluted among occupational cases. The spatial analysis at a smaller scale, such as county, enables detection of areas with higher proportions of female and young mesothelioma cases, thus indicating possible environmental exposure, where geological and environmental investigations need to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Carbone
- b Cancer Center , University of Hawaii , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
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392
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Larson D, Powers A, Ambrosi JP, Tanji M, Napolitano A, Flores EG, Baumann F, Pellegrini L, Jennings CJ, Buck BJ, McLaurin BT, Merkler D, Robinson C, Morris P, Dogan M, Dogan AU, Pass HI, Pastorino S, Carbone M, Yang H. Investigating palygorskite's role in the development of mesothelioma in southern Nevada: Insights into fiber-induced carcinogenicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:213-230. [PMID: 27705545 PMCID: PMC5062041 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1195321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Similar to asbestos fibers, nonregulated mineral fibers can cause malignant mesothelioma (MM). Recently, increased proportions of women and young individuals with MM were identified in southern Nevada, suggesting that environmental exposure to carcinogenic fibers was causing the development of MM. Palygorskite, a fibrous silicate mineral with a history of possible carcinogenicity, is abundant in southern Nevada. In this study, our aim was to determine whether palygorskite was contributing to the development of MM in southern Nevada. While palygorskite, in vitro, displayed some cytotoxicity toward primary human mesothelial (HM) cells and reduced their viability, the effects were roughly half of those observed when using similar amounts of crocidolite asbestos. No Balb/c (0/19) or MexTAg (0/18) mice injected with palygorskite developed MM, while 3/16 Balb/c and 13/14 MexTAg mice injected with crocidolite did. Lack of MM development was associated with a decreased acute inflammatory response, as injection of palygorskite resulted in lower percentages of macrophages (p = .006) and neutrophils (p = .02) in the peritoneal cavity 3 d after exposure compared to injection of crocidolite. Additionally, compared to mice injected with crocidolite, palygorskite-injected mice had lower percentages of M2 (tumor-promoting) macrophages (p = .008) in their peritoneal cavities when exposed to fiber for several weeks. Our study indicates that palygorskite found in the environment in southern Nevada does not cause MM in mice, seemingly because palygorskite, in vivo, fails to elicit inflammation that is associated with MM development. Therefore, palygorskite is not a likely contributor to the MM cases observed in southern Nevada.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Larson
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Amy Powers
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Ambrosi
- CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Mika Tanji
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Erin G. Flores
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Francine Baumann
- ERIM, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Cormac J. Jennings
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Brenda J. Buck
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Brett T. McLaurin
- Department of Environmental, Geographical and Geological Sciences, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Doug Merkler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Cleo Robinson
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Perth, WesternAustralia
| | - Paul Morris
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Meral Dogan
- Geological Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Umran Dogan
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department & Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Pastorino
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA
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393
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Ohar JA, Cheung M, Talarchek J, Howard SE, Howard TD, Hesdorffer M, Peng H, Rauscher FJ, Testa JR. Germline BAP1 Mutational Landscape of Asbestos-Exposed Malignant Mesothelioma Patients with Family History of Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 76:206-15. [PMID: 26719535 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heritable mutations in the BAP1 tumor suppressor gene predispose individuals to mesothelioma and other cancers. However, a large-scale assessment of germline BAP1 mutation incidence and associated clinical features in mesothelioma patients with a family history of cancer has not been reported. Therefore, we examined the germline BAP1 mutation status of 150 mesothelioma patients with a family history of cancer, 50 asbestos-exposed control individuals with a family history of cancers other than mesothelioma, and 153 asbestos-exposed individuals without familial cancer. No BAP1 alterations were found in control cohorts, but were identified in nine of 150 mesothelioma cases (6%) with a family history of cancer. Alterations among these cases were characterized by both missense and frameshift mutations, and enzymatic activity of BAP1 missense mutants was decreased compared with wild-type BAP1. Furthermore, BAP1 mutation carriers developed mesothelioma at an earlier age that was more often peritoneal than pleural (five of nine) and exhibited improved long-term survival compared to mesothelioma patients without BAP1 mutations. Moreover, many tumors harboring BAP1 germline mutations were associated with BAP1 syndrome, including mesothelioma and ocular/cutaneous melanomas, as well as renal, breast, lung, gastric, and basal cell carcinomas. Collectively, these findings suggest that mesothelioma patients presenting with a family history of cancer should be considered for BAP1 genetic testing to identify those individuals who might benefit from further screening and routine monitoring for the purpose of early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Ohar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Caroline.
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Suzanne E Howard
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Caroline
| | - Timothy D Howard
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Caroline
| | - Mary Hesdorffer
- Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Hongzhuang Peng
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank J Rauscher
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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394
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Bhattacharya S, Hanpude P, Maiti TK. Cancer associated missense mutations in BAP1 catalytic domain induce amyloidogenic aggregation: A new insight in enzymatic inactivation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18462. [PMID: 26680512 PMCID: PMC4683529 DOI: 10.1038/srep18462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a nuclear deubiquitinase that regulates tumor suppressor activity and widely involves many cellular processes ranging from cell cycle regulation to gluconeogenesis. Impairment of enzymatic activity and nuclear localization induce abnormal cell proliferation. It is considered to be an important driver gene, which undergoes frequent mutations in several cancers. However the role of mutation and oncogenic gain of function of BAP1 are poorly understood. Here, we investigated cellular localization, enzymatic activity and structural changes for four missense mutants of the catalytic domain of BAP1, which are prevalent in different types of cancer. These mutations triggered cytoplasmic/perinuclear accumulation in BAP1 deficient cells, which has been observed in proteins that undergo aggregation in cellular condition. Amyloidogenic activity of mutant BAP1 was revealed from its reactivity towards anti oligomeric antibody in HEK293T cells. We have also noted structural destabilization in the catalytic domain mutants, which eventually produced beta amyloid structure as indicated in atomic force microscopy study. The cancer associated mutants up-regulate heat shock response and activates transcription of genes normally co-repressed by BAP1. Overall, our results unambiguously demonstrate that structural destabilization and subsequent aggregation abrogate its cellular mechanism leading to adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Cellular Signaling, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, INDIA
| | - Pranita Hanpude
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Cellular Signaling, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, INDIA.,Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Karnataka, 576104, INDIA
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Cellular Signaling, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, INDIA
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395
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Carbone M, Flores EG, Emi M, Johnson TA, Tsunoda T, Behner D, Hoffman H, Hesdorffer M, Nasu M, Napolitano A, Powers A, Minaai M, Baumann F, Bryant-Greenwood P, Lauk O, Kirschner MB, Weder W, Opitz I, Pass HI, Gaudino G, Pastorino S, Yang H. Combined Genetic and Genealogic Studies Uncover a Large BAP1 Cancer Syndrome Kindred Tracing Back Nine Generations to a Common Ancestor from the 1700s. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005633. [PMID: 26683624 PMCID: PMC4686043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered an inherited cancer syndrome caused by BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) germline mutations, with high incidence of mesothelioma, uveal melanoma and other cancers and very high penetrance by age 55. To identify families with the BAP1 cancer syndrome, we screened patients with family histories of multiple mesotheliomas and melanomas and/or multiple cancers. We identified four families that shared an identical BAP1 mutation: they lived across the US and did not appear to be related. By combining family histories, molecular genetics, and genealogical approaches, we uncovered a BAP1 cancer syndrome kindred of ~80,000 descendants with a core of 106 individuals, whose members descend from a couple born in Germany in the early 1700s who immigrated to North America. Their descendants spread throughout the country with mutation carriers affected by multiple malignancies. Our data show that, once a proband is identified, extended analyses of these kindreds, using genomic and genealogical studies to identify the most recent common ancestor, allow investigators to uncover additional branches of the family that may carry BAP1 mutations. Using this knowledge, we have identified new branches of this family carrying BAP1 mutations. We have also implemented early-detection strategies that help identify cancers at early-stage, when they can be cured (melanomas) or are more susceptible to therapy (MM and other malignancies). Germline BAP1 mutations cause a cancer syndrome characterized by high incidence of mesothelioma (MM), uveal melanoma and other cancers, and by very high penetrance, as all individuals carrying BAP1 mutations developed at least one, and usually several, malignancies throughout their lives. Through screening MM patients with histories of multiple cancers, we found four supposedly unrelated patients that shared an identical germline BAP1 mutation. We investigated whether this BAP1 mutation occurred in a ‘hot-spot’ for “de novo” mutations or whether these four MM patients shared a common ancestor. Using molecular genomics analyses we found that they are related. By genealogic studies we traced their ancestor to a couple that emigrated from Germany to North America in the early 1700’s; we traced the subsequent migration of their descendants, who are now living in at least three different US States. Our findings demonstrate that BAP1 mutations are transmitted among subsequent generations over the course of centuries. This knowledge and methodology is being used to identify additional branches of the family carrying BAP1 mutations. Our study shows that the application of modern genomic analyses, coupled with “classical” family histories collected by the treating physician, and with genealogical searches, offer a powerful strategy to identify high-risk germline BAP1 mutation carriers that will benefit from genetic counseling and early detection cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (HY)
| | - Erin G. Flores
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Johnson
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Dusty Behner
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Harriet Hoffman
- Genealogy from the Hart, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Mary Hesdorffer
- Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Masaki Nasu
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Amy Powers
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Michael Minaai
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Francine Baumann
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Peter Bryant-Greenwood
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Olivia Lauk
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie Universitätsspital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Walter Weder
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie Universitätsspital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie Universitätsspital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harvey I. Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Gaudino
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Sandra Pastorino
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Haining Yang
- Thoracic Oncology Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (HY)
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396
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Verigos J, Magklara A. Revealing the Complexity of Breast Cancer by Next Generation Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2183-200. [PMID: 26561834 PMCID: PMC4695885 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years the increasing usage of "-omic" platforms, supported by next-generation sequencing, in the analysis of breast cancer samples has tremendously advanced our understanding of the disease. New driver and passenger mutations, rare chromosomal rearrangements and other genomic aberrations identified by whole genome and exome sequencing are providing missing pieces of the genomic architecture of breast cancer. High resolution maps of breast cancer methylomes and sequencing of the miRNA microworld are beginning to paint the epigenomic landscape of the disease. Transcriptomic profiling is giving us a glimpse into the gene regulatory networks that govern the fate of the breast cancer cell. At the same time, integrative analysis of sequencing data confirms an extensive intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity and plasticity in breast cancer arguing for a new approach to the problem. In this review, we report on the latest findings on the molecular characterization of breast cancer using NGS technologies, and we discuss their potential implications for the improvement of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Verigos
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology,Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology,Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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397
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Nabil AA, Marie S, Marc-Henri S, Nathalie C, Laurence D, Sophie PN, Olivier L, Sergio RR. Upcoming translational challenges for uveal melanoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1249-53. [PMID: 26505679 PMCID: PMC4815787 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed major advances in the understanding of the molecular landscape of uveal melanoma (UM). The discovery of a mutational background that is completely different from the one of skin melanoma has granted to UM a stand-alone status. The absence of effective therapy for metastatic disease offers now a chessboard for targeted therapy but at the same time urges preclinical science to develop accordingly, to guide the use of economical resources to the best profit of patients. This review describes the current knowledge on the biology of this disease and discusses the challenges that must be undertaken to translate this knowledge into real benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirouchene-Angelozzi Nabil
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione Piemontese per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FPRC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Torino 10060, Italy
| | - Schoumacher Marie
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Cassoux Nathalie
- Department of Ophthalmological Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - Desjardins Laurence
- Department of Ophthalmological Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Lantz Olivier
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
| | - Roman-Roman Sergio
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France
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398
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Potrony M, Badenas C, Aguilera P, Puig-Butille JA, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Update in genetic susceptibility in melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:210. [PMID: 26488006 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most deadly of the common skin cancers and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Approximately 10% of cases occur in a familial context. To date, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), which was identified as the first melanoma susceptibility gene more than 20 years ago, is the main high-risk gene for melanoma. A few years later cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was also identified as a melanoma susceptibility gene. The technologic advances have allowed the identification of new genes involved in melanoma susceptibility: Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) associated protein 1 (BAP1), CXC genes, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), protection of telomeres 1 (POT1), ACD and TERF2IP, the latter four being involved in telomere maintenance. Furthermore variants in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) give a moderately increased risk to develop melanoma. Melanoma genetic counseling is offered to families in order to better understand the disease and the genetic susceptibility of developing it. Genetic counseling often implies genetic testing, although patients can benefit from genetic counseling even when they do not fulfill the criteria for these tests. Genetic testing for melanoma predisposition mutations can be used in clinical practice under adequate selection criteria and giving a valid test interpretation and genetic counseling to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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399
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Systemic Approach to Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: What News of Chemotherapy, Targeted Agents and Immunotherapy? TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 102:18-30. [DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer with a cause-effect relationship to asbestos exposure. The prognosis is poor and chemotherapy seems the best treatment option. In the last two decades a deeper understanding of mesothelioma carcinogenesis and invasiveness mechanisms has prompted research efforts to test new agents in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, but the results have been modest. Attractive preclinical data disappointed in subsequent experimental phases. Other promising agents failed to improve patient outcomes due to high toxicity. Interesting suggestions have come from preliminary data on immunotherapy. Several trials are ongoing and the results are eagerly awaited. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent news on systemic therapy for advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma.
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400
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Qin J, Zhou Z, Chen W, Wang C, Zhang H, Ge G, Shao M, You D, Fan Z, Xia H, Liu R, Chen C. BAP1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by deubiquitinating KLF5. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8471. [PMID: 26419610 PMCID: PMC4598844 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor KLF5 is highly expressed in basal-like breast cancer and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and tumour growth. Here we show that, in breast cancer cells, KLF5 is stabilized by the deubiquitinase (DUB) BAP1. With a genome-wide siRNA library screen of DUBs, we identify BAP1 as a bona fide KLF5 DUB. BAP1 interacts directly with KLF5 and stabilizes KLF5 via deubiquitination. KLF5 is in the BAP1/HCF-1 complex, and this newly identified complex promotes cell cycle progression partially by inhibiting p27 gene expression. Furthermore, BAP1 knockdown inhibits tumorigenicity and lung metastasis, which can be rescued partially by ectopic expression of KLF5. Collectively, our findings not only identify BAP1 as the DUB for KLF5, but also reveal a critical mechanism that regulates KLF5 expression in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that BAP1 could be a potential therapeutic target for breast and other cancers. The zinc finger-containing transcription factor KLF5 drives cell proliferation and migration. Here, the authors show that the debuquitinase BAP1 directly stabilizes KLF5, thus promoting basal-like breast cancer cell-cycle progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Clinical Research Center, Cancer Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Guangzhe Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dingyun You
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
| | - Zhixiang Fan
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
| | - Houjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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