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Wang F, Hou X, Tang J, Wang Z, Wang S, Jiang F, Li Y. A novel cold-inducible gene from Pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis), BcWRKY46, enhances the cold, salt and dehydration stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:4553-64. [PMID: 21938429 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
WRKY TFs belong to one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants and form integral parts of signaling webs that modulate many plant processes. BcWRKY46, a cDNA clone encoding a polypeptide of 284 amino acids and exhibited the structural features of group III of WRKY protein family, was isolated from the cold-treated leaves of Pak-choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino, syn. B. rapa ssp. chinensis) using the cDNA-AFLP technique. Expression of this gene was induced quickly and strongly in response to various environmental stresses, including low temperatures, ABA, salt and dehydration. Constitutive expression of BcWRKY46 in tobacco under the control of the CaMV35S promoter reduced the susceptibility of transgenic tobacco to freezing, ABA, salt and dehydration stresses. Our studies suggest that BcWRKY46 plays an important role in responding to ABA and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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352
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Tang Y, Liu M, Gao S, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Zhao C, Zhang F, Chen X. Molecular characterization of novel TaNAC genes in wheat and overexpression of TaNAC2a confers drought tolerance in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 144:210-24. [PMID: 22082019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factors (TFs) have been reported to play a role in diverse stress responses and developmental processes. We show here that six new genes encoding NAC TFs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) were identified (named as TaNAC2a, TaNAC4a, TaNAC6, TaNAC7, TaNAC13 and TaNTL5, respectively), and we classified them into three groups: stress-related NACs, development-related NACs and NTLs (membrane-associated TFs belonging to NAC) by phylogenetic analysis. All TaNACs were induced by one or several kinds of stress treatments including dehydration, salinity and low temperature, whereas different genes showed different expression levels. All these TaNACs, except TaNAC7, were proven to have transcriptional activation activity in the yeast strain AH109 by transactivation analysis. Furthermore, subcellular localization analysis revealed that four TaNAC:GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion proteins were localized in the nucleus, TaNAC2a:GFP mainly located in the nucleus and the plasma membrane, TaNTL5:GFP was associated with the membrane, while truncated TaNTL5(ΔTM):GFP (lacking the transmembrane motif) was detected exclusively in the nucleus. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that five genes exhibited organ-specific expression. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing TaNAC2a showed higher fresh weight and dry weight than non-transgenic plants under drought condition, which indicated that the transgene improved tobacco tolerance to drought treatment. Together, these results provided a preliminary characterization of six TaNACs, which possessed a potential role in improving stress tolerance and the regulation of development in wheat, and suggested that TaNAC2a was potentially useful for engineering drought tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiMiao Tang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China
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353
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Kim JS, Mizoi J, Yoshida T, Fujita Y, Nakajima J, Ohori T, Todaka D, Nakashima K, Hirayama T, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. An ABRE promoter sequence is involved in osmotic stress-responsive expression of the DREB2A gene, which encodes a transcription factor regulating drought-inducible genes in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 52:2136-46. [PMID: 22025559 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In plants, osmotic stress-responsive transcriptional regulation depends mainly on two major classes of cis-acting elements found in the promoter regions of stress-inducible genes: ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) and dehydration-responsive elements (DREs). ABRE has been shown to perceive ABA-mediated osmotic stress signals, whereas DRE is known to be involved in an ABA-independent pathway. Previously, we reported that the transcription factor DRE-BINDING PROTEIN 2A (DREB2A) regulates DRE-mediated transcription of target genes under osmotic stress conditions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the transcriptional regulation of DREB2A itself remains largely uncharacterized. To elucidate the transcriptional mechanism associated with the DREB2A gene under osmotic stress conditions, we generated a series of truncated and base-substituted variants of the DREB2A promoter and evaluated their transcriptional activities individually. We found that both ABRE and coupling element 3 (CE3)-like sequences located approximately -100 bp from the transcriptional initiation site are necessary for the dehydration-responsive expression of DREB2A. Coupling our transient expression analyses with yeast one-hybrid and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicated that the ABRE-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (AREB1), AREB2 and ABRE-BINDING FACTOR 3 (ABF3) bZIP transcription factors can bind to and activate the DREB2A promoter in an ABRE-dependent manner. Exogenous ABA application induced only a modest accumulation of the DREB2A transcript when compared with the osmotic stress treatment. However, the osmotic stress-induced DREB2A expression was found to be markedly impaired in several ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive mutants. These results suggest that in addition to an ABA-independent pathway, the ABA-dependent pathway plays a positive role in the osmotic stress-responsive expression of DREB2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Sik Kim
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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354
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Hao YJ, Wei W, Song QX, Chen HW, Zhang YQ, Wang F, Zou HF, Lei G, Tian AG, Zhang WK, Ma B, Zhang JS, Chen SY. Soybean NAC transcription factors promote abiotic stress tolerance and lateral root formation in transgenic plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 68:302-13. [PMID: 21707801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. Previously, we identified multiple NAC genes in soybean (Glycine max). Here, we identify the roles of two genes, GmNAC11 and GmNAC20, in stress responses and other processes. The two genes were differentially induced by multiple abiotic stresses and plant hormones, and their transcripts were abundant in roots and cotyledons. Both genes encoded proteins that localized to the nucleus and bound to the core DNA sequence CGT[G/A]. In the protoplast assay system, GmNAC11 acts as a transcriptional activator, whereas GmNAC20 functions as a mild repressor; however, the C-terminal end of GmANC20 has transcriptional activation activity. Over-expression of GmNAC20 enhances salt and freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants; however, GmNAC11 over-expression only improves salt tolerance. Over-expression of GmNAC20 also promotes lateral root formation. GmNAC20 may regulate stress tolerance through activation of the DREB/CBF-COR pathway, and may control lateral root development by altering auxin signaling-related genes. GmNAC11 probably regulates DREB1A and other stress-related genes. The roles of the two GmNAC genes in stress tolerance were further analyzed in soybean transgenic hairy roots. These results provide a basis for genetic manipulation to improve the agronomic traits of important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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355
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Ling J, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Yu H, Mao Z, Gu X, Huang S, Xie B. Genome-wide analysis of WRKY gene family in Cucumis sativus. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:471. [PMID: 21955985 PMCID: PMC3191544 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY proteins are a large family of transcriptional regulators in higher plant. They are involved in many biological processes, such as plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Prior to the present study, only one full-length cucumber WRKY protein had been reported. The recent publication of the draft genome sequence of cucumber allowed us to conduct a genome-wide search for cucumber WRKY proteins, and to compare these positively identified proteins with their homologs in model plants, such as Arabidopsis. RESULTS We identified a total of 55 WRKY genes in the cucumber genome. According to structural features of their encoded proteins, the cucumber WRKY (CsWRKY) genes were classified into three groups (group 1-3). Analysis of expression profiles of CsWRKY genes indicated that 48 WRKY genes display differential expression either in their transcript abundance or in their expression patterns under normal growth conditions, and 23 WRKY genes were differentially expressed in response to at least one abiotic stresses (cold, drought or salinity). The expression profile of stress-inducible CsWRKY genes were correlated with those of their putative Arabidopsis WRKY (AtWRKY) orthologs, except for the group 3 WRKY genes. Interestingly, duplicated group 3 AtWRKY genes appear to have been under positive selection pressure during evolution. In contrast, there was no evidence of recent gene duplication or positive selection pressure among CsWRKY group 3 genes, which may have led to the expressional divergence of group 3 orthologs. CONCLUSIONS Fifty-five WRKY genes were identified in cucumber and the structure of their encoded proteins, their expression, and their evolution were examined. Considering that there has been extensive expansion of group 3 WRKY genes in angiosperms, the occurrence of different evolutionary events could explain the functional divergence of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ling
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 China
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356
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Chen L, Song Y, Li S, Zhang L, Zou C, Yu D. The role of WRKY transcription factors in plant abiotic stresses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:120-8. [PMID: 21964328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The WRKY gene family has been suggested to play important roles in the regulation of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant stress responses. Modification of the expression patterns of WRKY genes and/or changes in their activity contribute to the elaboration of various signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Furthermore, a single WRKY gene often responds to several stress factors, and then their proteins may participate in the regulation of several seemingly disparate processes as negative or positive regulators. WRKY proteins also function via protein-protein interaction and autoregulation or cross-regulation is extensively recorded among WRKY genes, which help us understand the complex mechanisms of signaling and transcriptional reprogramming controlled by WRKY proteins. Here, we review recent progress made in starting to reveal the role of WRKY transcription factors in plant abiotic stresses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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357
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Jamil A, Riaz S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR. Gene Expression Profiling of Plants under Salt Stress. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2011; 30:435-458. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2011.605739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
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358
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Golldack D, Lüking I, Yang O. Plant tolerance to drought and salinity: stress regulating transcription factors and their functional significance in the cellular transcriptional network. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1383-91. [PMID: 21476089 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the responses of plants to the major environmental stressors drought and salt is an important topic for the biotechnological application of functional mechanisms of stress adaptation. Here, we review recent discoveries on regulatory systems that link sensing and signaling of these environmental cues focusing on the integrative function of transcription activators. Key components that control and modulate stress adaptive pathways include transcription factors (TFs) ranging from bZIP, AP2/ERF, and MYB proteins to general TFs. Recent studies indicate that molecular dynamics as specific homodimerizations and heterodimerizations as well as modular flexibility and posttranslational modifications determine the functional specificity of TFs in environmental adaptation. Function of central regulators as NAC, WRKY, and zinc finger proteins may be modulated by mechanisms as small RNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional silencing and reactive oxygen species signaling. In addition to the key function of hub factors of stress tolerance within hierarchical regulatory networks, epigenetic processes as DNA methylation and posttranslational modifications of histones highly influence the efficiency of stress-induced gene expression. Comprehensive elucidation of dynamic coordination of drought and salt responsive TFs in interacting pathways and their specific integration in the cellular network of stress adaptation will provide new opportunities for the engineering of plant tolerance to these environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dortje Golldack
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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359
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Ge Y, Li Y, Lv DK, Bai X, Ji W, Cai H, Wang AX, Zhu YM. Alkaline-stress response in Glycine soja leaf identifies specific transcription factors and ABA-mediated signaling factors. Funct Integr Genomics 2011; 11:369-79. [PMID: 20938706 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-010-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome of Glycine soja leaf tissue during a detailed time course formed a foundation for examining transcriptional processes during NaHCO(3) stress treatment. Of a total of 2,310 detected differentially expressed genes, 1,664 genes were upregulated and 1,704 genes were downregulated at various time points. The number of stress-regulated genes increased dramatically after a 6-h stress treatment. GO category gene enrichment analysis revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in cell structure, protein synthesis, energy, and secondary metabolism. Another enrichment test revealed that the response of G. soja to NaHCO(3) highlights specific transcription factors, such as the C2C2-CO-like, MYB-related, WRKY, GARP-G2-like, and ZIM families. Co-expressed genes were clustered into ten classes (P < 0.001). Intriguingly, one cluster of 188 genes displayed a unique expression pattern that increases at an early stage (0.5 and 3 h), followed by a decrease from 6 to 12 h. This group was enriched in regulation of transcription components, including AP2-EREBP, bHLH, MYB/MYB-related, C2C2-CO-like, C2C2-DOF, C2C2, C3H, and GARP-G2-like transcription factors. Analysis of the 1-kb upstream regions of transcripts displaying similar changes in abundance identified 19 conserved motifs, potential binding sites for transcription factors. The appearance of ABA-responsive elements in the upstream of co-expression genes reveals that ABA-mediated signaling participates in the signal transduction in alkaline response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ge
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China,
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360
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Lorenz WW, Alba R, Yu YS, Bordeaux JM, Simões M, Dean JFD. Microarray analysis and scale-free gene networks identify candidate regulators in drought-stressed roots of loblolly pine (P. taeda L.). BMC Genomics 2011; 12:264. [PMID: 21609476 PMCID: PMC3123330 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global transcriptional analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is challenging due to limited molecular tools. PtGen2, a 26,496 feature cDNA microarray, was fabricated and used to assess drought-induced gene expression in loblolly pine propagule roots. Statistical analysis of differential expression and weighted gene correlation network analysis were used to identify drought-responsive genes and further characterize the molecular basis of drought tolerance in loblolly pine. RESULTS Microarrays were used to interrogate root cDNA populations obtained from 12 genotype × treatment combinations (four genotypes, three watering regimes). Comparison of drought-stressed roots with roots from the control treatment identified 2445 genes displaying at least a 1.5-fold expression difference (false discovery rate = 0.01). Genes commonly associated with drought response in pine and other plant species, as well as a number of abiotic and biotic stress-related genes, were up-regulated in drought-stressed roots. Only 76 genes were identified as differentially expressed in drought-recovered roots, indicating that the transcript population can return to the pre-drought state within 48 hours. Gene correlation analysis predicts a scale-free network topology and identifies eleven co-expression modules that ranged in size from 34 to 938 members. Network topological parameters identified a number of central nodes (hubs) including those with significant homology (E-values ≤ 2 × 10-30) to 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, zeatin O-glucosyltransferase, and ABA-responsive protein. Identified hubs also include genes that have been associated previously with osmotic stress, phytohormones, enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species, and several genes of unknown function. CONCLUSION PtGen2 was used to evaluate transcriptome responses in loblolly pine and was leveraged to identify 2445 differentially expressed genes responding to severe drought stress in roots. Many of the genes identified are known to be up-regulated in response to osmotic stress in pine and other plant species and encode proteins involved in both signal transduction and stress tolerance. Gene expression levels returned to control values within a 48-hour recovery period in all but 76 transcripts. Correlation network analysis indicates a scale-free network topology for the pine root transcriptome and identifies central nodes that may serve as drivers of drought-responsive transcriptome dynamics in the roots of loblolly pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Walter Lorenz
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rob Alba
- Monsanto Company, Mailstop C1N, 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | - Yuan-Sheng Yu
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John M Bordeaux
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Marta Simões
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET)/Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), Av. República (EAN) 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jeffrey FD Dean
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Life Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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361
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Pandey AK, Yang C, Zhang C, Graham MA, Horstman HD, Lee Y, Zabotina OA, Hill JH, Pedley KF, Whitham SA. Functional analysis of the Asian soybean rust resistance pathway mediated by Rpp2. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2011; 24:194-206. [PMID: 20977308 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-10-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Asian soybean rust is an aggressive foliar disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. On susceptible plants, the pathogen penetrates and colonizes leaf tissue, resulting in the formation of necrotic lesions and the development of numerous uredinia. The soybean Rpp2 gene confers resistance to specific isolates of P. pachyrhizi. Rpp2-mediated resistance limits the growth of the pathogen and is characterized by the formation of reddish-brown lesions and few uredinia. Using virus-induced gene silencing, we screened 140 candidate genes to identify those that play a role in Rpp2 resistance toward P. pachyrhizi. Candidate genes included putative orthologs to known defense-signaling genes, transcription factors, and genes previously found to be upregulated during the Rpp2 resistance response. We identified 11 genes that compromised Rpp2-mediated resistance when silenced, including GmEDS1, GmNPR1, GmPAD4, GmPAL1, five predicted transcription factors, an O-methyl transferase, and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. Together, our results provide new insight into the signaling and biochemical pathways required for resistance against P. pachyrhizi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Pandey
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 1301 Ditto Avenue, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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362
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Chen H, Lai Z, Shi J, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Xu X. Roles of arabidopsis WRKY18, WRKY40 and WRKY60 transcription factors in plant responses to abscisic acid and abiotic stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:281. [PMID: 21167067 PMCID: PMC3023790 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRKY transcription factors are involved in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Arabidopsis WRKY18, WRKY40, and WRKY60 transcription factors interact both physically and functionally in plant defense responses. However, their role in plant abiotic stress response has not been directly analyzed. RESULTS We report that the three WRKYs are involved in plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress. Through analysis of single, double, and triple mutants and overexpression lines for the WRKY genes, we have shown that WRKY18 and WRKY60 have a positive effect on plant ABA sensitivity for inhibition of seed germination and root growth. The same two WRKY genes also enhance plant sensitivity to salt and osmotic stress. WRKY40, on the other hand, antagonizes WRKY18 and WRKY60 in the effect on plant sensitivity to ABA and abiotic stress in germination and growth assays. Both WRKY18 and WRKY40 are rapidly induced by ABA, while induction of WRKY60 by ABA is delayed. ABA-inducible expression of WRKY60 is almost completely abolished in the wrky18 and wrky40 mutants. WRKY18 and WRKY40 recognize a cluster of W-box sequences in the WRKY60 promoter and activate WRKY60 expression in protoplasts. Thus, WRKY60 might be a direct target gene of WRKY18 and WRKY40 in ABA signaling. Using a stable transgenic reporter/effector system, we have shown that both WRKY18 and WRKY60 act as weak transcriptional activators while WRKY40 is a transcriptional repressor in plant cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the three related WRKY transcription factors form a highly interacting regulatory network that modulates gene expression in both plant defense and stress responses by acting as either transcription activator or repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhibing Lai
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Xinping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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363
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Ahuja I, de Vos RCH, Bones AM, Hall RD. Plant molecular stress responses face climate change. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2010; 15:664-74. [PMID: 20846898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress factors such as drought, elevated temperature, salinity and rising CO₂ affect plant growth and pose a growing threat to sustainable agriculture. This has become a hot issue due to concerns about the effects of climate change on plant resources, biodiversity and global food security. Plant adaptation to stress involves key changes in the '-omic' architecture. Here, we present an overview of the physiological and molecular programs in stress adaptation focusing on how genes, proteins and metabolites change after individual and multiple environmental stresses. We address the role which '-omics' research, coupled to systems biology approaches, can play in future research on plants seemingly unable to adapt as well as those which can tolerate climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Ahuja
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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364
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Shekhawat UKS, Ganapathi TR, Srinivas L. Cloning and characterization of a novel stress-responsive WRKY transcription factor gene (MusaWRKY71) from Musa spp. cv. Karibale Monthan (ABB group) using transformed banana cells. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4023-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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365
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WRKY: its structure, evolutionary relationship, DNA-binding selectivity, role in stress tolerance and development of plants. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3883-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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366
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Li H, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Zhu Z, Xie X, Zhao H, Wang Y. Expression and functional analysis of two genes encoding transcription factors, VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2, isolated from Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata. PLANTA 2010; 232:1325-37. [PMID: 20811906 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two WRKY genes were isolated from Erysiphe necator-resistant Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang 'Baihe-35-1', and designated as VpWRKY1 (GenBank accession no. GQ884198) and VpWRKY2 (GenBank accession no. GU565706). Nuclear localization of the two proteins was demonstrated in onion epidermal cells, while trans-activation function was confirmed in the leaves of 'Baihe-35-1'. Expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 was induced rapidly by salicylic acid treatment in 'Baihe-35-1'. Expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 was also induced rapidly by E. necator infection in 11 grapevine genotypes; the maximum induction of VpWRKY1 was greater in E. necator-resistant grapevine genotypes than in susceptible ones post E. necator inoculation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of VpWRKY1 or VpWRKY2 in Arabidopsis enhanced resistance to powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum, and enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic plants. VpWRKY2 also enhanced cold tolerance of transgenic plants. In addition, the two proteins were shown to regulate the expression of some defense marker genes in Arabidopsis and grapevine. The data suggest that VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 may underlie the resistance in transgenic grapevine to E. necator and tolerance to salt and cold stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huie Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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367
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Hao YJ, Song QX, Chen HW, Zou HF, Wei W, Kang XS, Ma B, Zhang WK, Zhang JS, Chen SY. Plant NAC-type transcription factor proteins contain a NARD domain for repression of transcriptional activation. PLANTA 2010; 232:1033-43. [PMID: 20683728 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific transcription factor NAC proteins play essential roles in many biological processes such as development, senescence, morphogenesis, and stress signal transduction pathways. In the NAC family, some members function as transcription activators while others act as repressors. In the present study we found that though the full-length GmNAC20 from soybean did not have transcriptional activation activity, the carboxy-terminal activation domain of GmNAC20 had high transcriptional activation activity in the yeast assay system. Deletion experiments revealed an active repression domain with 35 amino acids, named NARD (NAC Repression Domain), in the d subdomain of NAC DNA-binding domain. NARD can reduce the transcriptional activation ability of diverse transcription factors when fused to either the amino-terminal or the carboxy-terminal of the transcription factors. NARD-like sequences are also present in other NAC family members and they are functional repression domain when fused to VP16 in plant protoplast assay system. Mutation analysis of conserved amino acid residues in NARD showed that the hydrophobic LVFY motif may partially contribute to the repression function. It is hypothesized that the interactions between the repression domain NARD and the carboxy-terminal activation domain may finally determine the ability of NAC family proteins to regulate downstream gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Hao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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368
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FU QT, YU DQ. Expression profiles of AtWRKY25, AtWRKY26 and AtWRKY33 under abiotic stresses. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2010; 32:848-56. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2010.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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369
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Ge Y, Li Y, Zhu YM, Bai X, Lv DK, Guo D, Ji W, Cai H. Global transcriptome profiling of wild soybean (Glycine soja) roots under NaHCO3 treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:153. [PMID: 20653984 PMCID: PMC3017823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant roots are the primary site of perception and injury for saline-alkaline stress. The current knowledge of saline-alkaline stress transcriptome is mostly focused on saline (NaCl) stress and only limited information on alkaline (NaHCO3) stress is available. RESULTS Using Affymetrix Soybean GeneChip, we conducted transcriptional profiling on Glycine soja roots subjected to 50 mmol/L NaHCO3 treatment. In a total of 7088 probe sets, 3307 were up-regulated and 5720 were down-regulated at various time points. The number of significantly stress regulated genes increased dramatically after 3 h stress treatment and peaked at 6 h. GO enrichment test revealed that most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in signal transduction, energy, transcription, secondary metabolism, transporter, disease and defence response. We also detected 11 microRNAs regulated by NaHCO3 stress. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive wild soybean root transcriptome analysis under alkaline stress. These analyses have identified an inventory of genes with altered expression regulated by alkaline stress. The data extend the current understanding of wild soybean alkali stress response by providing a set of robustly selected, differentially expressed genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ge
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Ming Zhu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Bai
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - De-Kang Lv
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Dianjing Guo
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Wei Ji
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, The College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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370
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Overexpression of OsWRKY72 gene interferes in the abscisic acid signal and auxin transport pathway of Arabidopsis. J Biosci 2010; 35:459-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-010-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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371
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Yang S, Vanderbeld B, Wan J, Huang Y. Narrowing down the targets: towards successful genetic engineering of drought-tolerant crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:469-90. [PMID: 20507936 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most important environmental stress affecting agriculture worldwide. Exploiting yield potential and maintaining yield stability of crops in water-limited environments are urgent tasks that must be undertaken in order to guarantee food supply for the increasing world population. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to identifying key regulators in plant drought response through genetic, molecular, and biochemical studies using, in most cases, the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. However, only a small portion of these regulators have been explored as potential candidate genes for their application in the improvement of drought tolerance in crops. Based on biological functions, these genes can be classified into the following three categories: (1) stress-responsive transcriptional regulation (e.g. DREB1, AREB, NF-YB); (2) post-transcriptional RNA or protein modifications such as phosphorylation/dephosphorylation (e.g. SnRK2, ABI1) and farnesylation (e.g. ERA1); and (3) osomoprotectant metabolism or molecular chaperones (e.g. CspB). While continuing down the path to discovery of new target genes, serious efforts are also focused on fine-tuning the expression of the known candidate genes for stress tolerance in specific temporal and spatial patterns to avoid negative effects in plant growth and development. These efforts are starting to bear fruit by showing yield improvements in several crops under a variety of water-deprivation conditions. As most such evaluations have been performed under controlled growth environments, a gap still remains between early success in the laboratory and the application of these techniques to the elite cultivars of staple crops in the field. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in the identification of signaling pathways and master regulators for drought tolerance. The knowledge acquired will facilitate the genetic engineering of single or multiple targets and quantitative trait loci in key crops to create commercial-grade cultivars with high-yielding potential under both optimal and suboptimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yang
- Performance Plants Inc., 700 Gardiners Road, Kingston, Ontario, K7M 3X9, Canada
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372
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Su CF, Wang YC, Hsieh TH, Lu CA, Tseng TH, Yu SM. A novel MYBS3-dependent pathway confers cold tolerance in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 153:145-58. [PMID: 20130099 PMCID: PMC2862423 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.153015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings are particularly sensitive to chilling in early spring in temperate and subtropical zones and in high-elevation areas. Improvement of chilling tolerance in rice may significantly increase rice production. MYBS3 is a single DNA-binding repeat MYB transcription factor previously shown to mediate sugar signaling in rice. In this study, we observed that MYBS3 also plays a critical role in cold adaptation in rice. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses indicated that MYBS3 was sufficient and necessary for enhancing cold tolerance in rice. Transgenic rice constitutively overexpressing MYBS3 tolerated 4 degrees C for at least 1 week and exhibited no yield penalty in normal field conditions. Transcription profiling of transgenic rice overexpressing or underexpressing MYBS3 led to the identification of many genes in the MYBS3-mediated cold signaling pathway. Several genes activated by MYBS3 as well as inducible by cold have previously been implicated in various abiotic stress responses and/or tolerance in rice and other plant species. Surprisingly, MYBS3 repressed the well-known DREB1/CBF-dependent cold signaling pathway in rice, and the repression appears to act at the transcriptional level. DREB1 responded quickly and transiently while MYBS3 responded slowly to cold stress, which suggests that distinct pathways act sequentially and complementarily for adapting short- and long-term cold stress in rice. Our studies thus reveal a hitherto undiscovered novel pathway that controls cold adaptation in rice.
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373
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Identification of Fe-excess-induced genes in rice shoots reveals a WRKY transcription factor responsive to Fe, drought and senescence. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3735-45. [PMID: 20217243 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fe participates in several important reactions in plant metabolism. However, Fe homeostasis in plants is not completely understood, and molecular studies on Fe-excess stress are scarce. Rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) is largely cultivated in submerged conditions, where the extremely reductive environment can lead to severe Fe overload. In this work, we used representational difference analysis (RDA) to isolate sequences up-regulated in rice shoots after exposure to Fe-excess. We isolated 24 sequences which have putative functions in distinct cellular processes, such as transcription regulation (OsWRKY80), stress response (OsGAP1, DEAD-BOX RNA helicase), proteolysis (oryzain-α, rhomboid protein), photosynthesis (chlorophyll a/b binding protein), sugar metabolism (β glucosidase) and electron transport (NADH ubiquinone oxireductase). We show that the putative WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY80 is up-regulated in rice leaves, stems and roots after Fe-excess treatment. This up-regulation is also observed after dark-induced senescence and drought stress, indicating that OsWRKY80 could be a general stress-responsive gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an Fe-excess-induced transcription factor in plants.
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374
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Tran LSP, Mochida K. Identification and prediction of abiotic stress responsive transcription factors involved in abiotic stress signaling in soybean. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:255-7. [PMID: 20023425 PMCID: PMC2881270 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.3.10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as extreme temperature, drought, high salinity, cold and waterlogging often result in significant losses to the yields of economically important crops such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Transcription factors (TFs) which bind to DNA through specific cis-regulatory sequences either activate or repress gene transcription have been reported to act as control switches in stress signaling. Recent completion of the soybean genomic sequence has open wide opportunities for large-scale identification and annotations of regulatory TFs in soybean for functional studies. Within the soybean genome, we identified 5,035 TF models which grouped into 61 families. Detailed annotations of soybean TF genes can be accessed at SoybeanTFDB (soybeantfdb.psc.riken.jp). Moreover, we have reported a new idea of high throughput prediction and selection of abiotic stress responsive TFs based on the existence of known stress responsive cis-element(s) located in the promoter regions of respective TFs and GO annotations. We, therefore, have provided a basic platform for the genome-wide analysis of regulatory mechanisms underlying abiotic stress responses and a reliable tool for prediction and selection of stress responsive TFs for further functional studies and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam-Son Phan Tran
- RIKEN Plant Science Center; Signaling Pathway Research Unit; Tsurumi, Yokohama Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- RIKEN Plant Science Center; Gene Discovery Research Group; Tsurumi, Yokohama Japan
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375
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Overexpression of the stress-induced OsWRKY08 improves osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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376
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Mochida K, Yoshida T, Sakurai T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. In silico analysis of transcription factor repertoire and prediction of stress responsive transcription factors in soybean. DNA Res 2009; 16:353-69. [PMID: 19884168 PMCID: PMC2780956 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsp023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) are often termed as 'master regulators' which bind to DNA and either activate or repress gene transcription. We have computationally analysed the soybean genome sequence data and constructed a proper set of TFs based on the Hidden Markov Model profiles of DNA-binding domain families. Within the soybean genome, we identified 4342 loci encoding 5035 TF models which grouped into 61 families. We constructed a database named SoybeanTFDB (http://soybeantfdb.psc.riken.jp) containing the full compilation of soybean TFs and significant information such as: functional motifs, full-length cDNAs, domain alignments, promoter regions, genomic organization and putative regulatory functions based on annotations of gene ontology (GO) inferred by comparative analysis with Arabidopsis. With particular interest in abiotic stress signalling, we analysed the promoter regions for all of the TF encoding genes as a means to identify abiotic stress responsive cis-elements as well as all types of cis-motifs provided by the PLACE database. SoybeanTFDB enables scientists to easily access cis-element and GO annotations to aid in the prediction of TF function and selection of TFs with functions of interest. This study provides a basic framework and an important user-friendly public information resource which enables analyses of transcriptional regulation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Mochida
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Yoshida
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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377
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Libault M, Joshi T, Benedito VA, Xu D, Udvardi MK, Stacey G. Legume transcription factor genes: what makes legumes so special? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:991-1001. [PMID: 19726573 PMCID: PMC2773095 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.144105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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378
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Wei W, Huang J, Hao YJ, Zou HF, Wang HW, Zhao JY, Liu XY, Zhang WK, Ma B, Zhang JS, Chen SY. Soybean GmPHD-type transcription regulators improve stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7209. [PMID: 19789627 PMCID: PMC2747011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important crops for oil and protein resource. Improvement of stress tolerance will be beneficial for soybean seed production. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Six GmPHD genes encoding Alfin1-type PHD finger protein were identified and their expressions differentially responded to drought, salt, cold and ABA treatments. The six GmPHDs were nuclear proteins and showed ability to bind the cis-element "GTGGAG". The N-terminal domain of GmPHD played a major role in DNA binding. Using a protoplast assay system, we find that GmPHD1 to GmPHD5 had transcriptional suppression activity whereas GmPHD6 did not have. In yeast assay, the GmPHD6 can form homodimer and heterodimer with the other GmPHDs except GmPHD2. The N-terminal plus the variable regions but not the PHD-finger is required for the dimerization. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the GmPHD2 showed salt tolerance when compared with the wild type plants. This tolerance was likely achieved by diminishing the oxidative stress through regulation of downstream genes. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide important clues for soybean stress tolerance through manipulation of PHD-type transcription regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jun Hao
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Feng Zou
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Wen Wang
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yun Zhao
- Institute of economic crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Yi Liu
- Institute of economic crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang, Shanxi, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Plant Gene Research Center, National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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379
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Xie ZM, Zou HF, Lei G, Wei W, Zhou QY, Niu CF, Liao Y, Tian AG, Ma B, Zhang WK, Zhang JS, Chen SY. Soybean Trihelix transcription factors GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6898. [PMID: 19730734 PMCID: PMC2731930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trihelix transcription factors play important roles in light-regulated responses and other developmental processes. However, their functions in abiotic stress response are largely unclear. In this study, we identified two trihelix transcription factor genes GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B from soybean and further characterized their roles in abiotic stress tolerance. FINDINGS Both genes can be induced by various abiotic stresses, and the encoded proteins were localized in nuclear region. In yeast assay, GmGT-2B but not GmGT-2A exhibits ability of transcriptional activation and dimerization. The N-terminal peptide of 153 residues in GmGT-2B was the minimal activation domain and the middle region between the two trihelices mediated the dimerization of the GmGT-2B. Transactivation activity of the GmGT-2B was also confirmed in plant cells. DNA binding analysis using yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that GmGT-2A could bind to GT-1bx, GT-2bx, mGT-2bx-2 and D1 whereas GmGT-2B could bind to the latter three elements. Overexpression of the GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B improved plant tolerance to salt, freezing and drought stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, GmGT-2B-transgenic plants had more green seedlings compared to Col-0 under ABA treatment. Many stress-responsive genes were altered in GmGT-2A- and GmGT-2B-transgenic plants. CONCLUSION These results indicate that GmGT-2A and GmGT-2B confer stress tolerance through regulation of a common set of genes and specific sets of genes. GmGT-2B also affects ABA sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ming Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Hong-Feng Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Yun Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Can-Fang Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Guo Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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380
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Yang B, Jiang Y, Rahman MH, Deyholos MK, Kav NNV. Identification and expression analysis of WRKY transcription factor genes in canola (Brassica napus L.) in response to fungal pathogens and hormone treatments. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:68. [PMID: 19493335 PMCID: PMC2698848 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of plant WRKY transcription factor families are widely implicated in defense responses and various other physiological processes. For canola (Brassica napus L.), no WRKY genes have been described in detail. Because of the economic importance of this crop, and its evolutionary relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana, we sought to characterize a subset of canola WRKY genes in the context of pathogen and hormone responses. RESULTS In this study, we identified 46 WRKY genes from canola by mining the expressed sequence tag (EST) database and cloned cDNA sequences of 38 BnWRKYs. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the conserved WRKY domain amino acid sequences, which demonstrated that BnWRKYs can be divided into three major groups. We further compared BnWRKYs to the 72 WRKY genes from Arabidopsis and 91 WRKY from rice, and we identified 46 presumptive orthologs of AtWRKY genes. We examined the subcellular localization of four BnWRKY proteins using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and we observed the fluorescent green signals in the nucleus only.The responses of 16 selected BnWRKY genes to two fungal pathogens, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Alternaria brassicae, were analyzed by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcript abundance of 13 BnWRKY genes changed significantly following pathogen challenge: transcripts of 10 WRKYs increased in abundance, two WRKY transcripts decreased after infection, and one decreased at 12 h post-infection but increased later on (72 h). We also observed that transcript abundance of 13/16 BnWRKY genes was responsive to one or more hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine, BAP) and the defense signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). We compared these transcript expression patterns to those previously described for presumptive orthologs of these genes in Arabidopsis and rice, and observed both similarities and differences in expression patterns. CONCLUSION We identified a set of 13 BnWRKY genes from among 16 BnWRKY genes assayed, that are responsive to both fungal pathogens and hormone treatments, suggesting shared signaling mechanisms for these responses. This study suggests that a large number of BnWRKY proteins are involved in the transcriptional regulation of defense-related genes in response to fungal pathogens and hormone stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Yuanqing Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Muhammad H Rahman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Nat NV Kav
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
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Tran LSP, Quach TN, Guttikonda SK, Aldrich DL, Kumar R, Neelakandan A, Valliyodan B, Nguyen HT. Molecular characterization of stress-inducible GmNAC genes in soybean. Mol Genet Genomics 2009; 281:647-64. [PMID: 19277718 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-009-0436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Drought is detrimental to plant growth and development, and often results in significant losses to the yields of economically important crops such as soybeans (Glycine max L.). NAC transcription factors (TFs), which consist of a large family of plant-specific TFs, have been reported to enhance drought tolerance in a number of plants. In this study, 31 unigenes that contain the complete open reading frames encoding GmNAC proteins were identified and cloned from soybean. Analysis of C-terminal regulatory domain using yeast one-hybrid system indicated that among 31 GmNAC proteins, 28 have transcriptional activation activity. Expression analysis of these GmNAC genes showed that they are differentially expressed in different organs, suggesting that they have diverse functions during plant growth and development. To search for the drought-inducible GmNAC genes, we prescreened and re-confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis that nine GmNAC genes are induced by dehydration stress with differential induction levels in both shoot and root. The expression profiles of these nine GmNAC genes were also examined under other stresses such as high salinity, cold and with abscisic acid hormone treatments. Phylogenetic analysis of the GmNAC proteins with previously reported drought-inducible NAC proteins of Arabidopsis and rice revealed that the nine drought-inducible GmNAC proteins belong to the "stress-inducible" NAC group. The results of this systematic analysis of the GmNAC family will provide novel tools and resources for the development of improved drought tolerant transgenic soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Jiang Y, Deyholos MK. Functional characterization of Arabidopsis NaCl-inducible WRKY25 and WRKY33 transcription factors in abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 69:91-105. [PMID: 18839316 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous microarray analyses of Arabidopsis roots identified two closely related WRKY transcription factors (WRKY25 and WRKY33) among the transcripts that increased in abundance following treatment with NaCl. Here, we report further characterization of these genes, which we found to be inducible by a variety of abiotic stresses in an SOS-pathway independent manner, although WRKY33 induction was dependent on ABA signaling. Transcripts of both genes were detected in roots and leaves, while specific patterns of enrichment were observed in stems and floral buds for WRKY25 and WRKY33, respectively. We also identified upstream intergenic regions from each gene that were sufficient to confer stress-inducible expression on a reporter gene. However, the stress sensitivity of wrky25 null mutants did not differ from wild-type under any assay condition, while wrky33 null mutants and wrky25wrky33 double mutants showed only a moderate increase in NaCl-sensitivity, suggesting functional redundancy with other transcription factors. Nevertheless, overexpression of WRKY25 or WRKY33 was sufficient to increase Arabidopsis NaCl tolerance, while increasing sensitivity to ABA. Through microarray analyses of relevant genotypes, we identified 31 and 208 potential downstream targets of WRKY25 and WRKY33, respectively, most of which contained a W-box in their upstream regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2E9
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