351
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Wu K, Xing F, Wu SY, Watabe K. Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: Recent development from bench to bedside. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:538-563. [PMID: 29054476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players of cancer initiation and progression through cell-cell communication. They have been recognized as critical mediators of extracellular communications, which promote transformation, growth invasion, and drug-resistance of cancer cells. Interestingly, the secretion and uptake of EVs are regulated in a more controlled manner than previously anticipated. EVs are classified into three groups, (i) exosomes, (ii) microvesicles (MVs), and (iii) apoptotic bodies (ABs), based on their sizes and origins, and novel technologies to isolate and distinguish these EVs are evolving. The biologically functional molecules harbored in these EVs, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, have been shown to induce key signaling pathways in both tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells for exacerbating tumor development. While tumor cell-derived EVs are capable of reprogramming stromal cells to generate a proper tumor cell niche, stromal-derived EVs profoundly affect the growth, resistance, and stem cell properties of tumor cells. This review summarizes and discusses these reciprocal communications through EVs in different types of cancers. Further understanding of the pathophysiological roles of different EVs in tumor progression is expected to lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy and development of tumor specific therapeutics. This review will also discuss the translational aspects of EVs and therapeutic opportunities of utilizing EVs in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Wu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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352
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Bajetto A, Pattarozzi A, Corsaro A, Barbieri F, Daga A, Bosio A, Gatti M, Pisaturo V, Sirito R, Florio T. Different Effects of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Direct Cell Interaction or Via Released Soluble Factors. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:312. [PMID: 29081734 PMCID: PMC5645520 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is an aggressive, fast-growing and highly vascularized tumor, characterized by extensive invasiveness and local recurrence. In GBM and other malignancies, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to drive invasive tumor growth and recurrence, being responsible for radio- and chemo-therapy resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that exhibit tropism for tumor microenvironment mediated by cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Initial studies proposed that MSCs might exert inhibitory effects on tumor development, although, to date, contrasting evidence has been provided. Different studies reported either MSC anti-tumor activity or their support to tumor growth. Here, we examined the effects of umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs on in vitro GBM-derived CSC growth, by direct cell-to-cell interaction or indirect modulation, via the release of soluble factors. We demonstrate that UC-MSCs and CSCs exhibit reciprocal tropism when co-cultured as 3D spheroids and their direct cell interaction reduces the proliferation of both cell types. Contrasting effects were obtained by UC-MSC released factors: CSCs, cultured in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) collected from UC-MSCs, increased proliferation rate through transient ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation/activation. Analysis of the profile of the cytokines released by UC-MSCs in the CM revealed a strong production of molecules involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, such as IL-8, GRO, ENA-78 and IL-6. Since CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a receptor shared by several of these ligands, is expressed in GBM CSCs, we evaluated its involvement in CSC proliferation induced by UC-MSC-CM. Using the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002, we observed a partial but statistically significant inhibition of CSC proliferation and migration induced by the UC-MSC-released cytokines. Conversely, CXCR2 blockade did not reduce the reciprocal tropism between CSCs and UC-MSCs grown as spheroids. In conclusion, we show that direct (cell-to-cell contact) or indirect (via the release of soluble factors) interactions between GBM CSCs and UC-MSCs in co-culture produce divergent effects on cell growth, invasion and migration, with the former mainly causing an inhibitory response and the latter a stimulatory one, involving a paracrine activation of CXCR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bajetto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsaro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- Gene Transfer Lab, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Bosio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Gatti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,International Evangelical Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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353
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Trivanović D, Krstić J, Jauković A, Bugarski D, Santibanez JF. Mesenchymal stromal cell engagement in cancer cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:359-367. [PMID: 28850772 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to coexistence of stromal and epithelial tumor cells, their dynamic interactions have been widely recognized as significant cellular components to the tumor tissue integrity. Initiation and outcome of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells are dependent on their interaction with adjacent or recruited mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). A plethora of mechanisms are involved in MSCs-controlled employment of the developmental processes of EMT that contribute to loss of epithelial cell phenotype and acquisition of stemness, invasiveness and chemoresistance of tumor cells. Interplay of MSCs with tumor cells, including interchange of soluble biomolecules, plasma membrane structures, cytoplasmic content, and organelles, is established through cell-cell contact and/or by means of paracrine signaling. The main focus of this review is to summarize knowledge about involvement of MSCs in cancer cell EMT. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism involved in the interplay between MSCs and cancer EMT is essential for development of effective therapy approaches, which in combination with current treatments may improve the control of tumor progression. Developmental Dynamics 247:359-367, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drenka Trivanović
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Krstić
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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354
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Levy D, de Melo TC, Ruiz JL, Bydlowski SP. Oxysterols and mesenchymal stem cell biology. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:223-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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355
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Clavreul A, Pourbaghi-Masouleh M, Roger E, Lautram N, Montero-Menei CN, Menei P. Human mesenchymal stromal cells as cellular drug-delivery vectors for glioblastoma therapy: a good deal? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:135. [PMID: 28962658 PMCID: PMC5622550 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults. It is characterized by angiogenesis and a high proliferative and invasive capacity. Standard therapy (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide) is of limited efficacy. Innovative anticancer drugs targeting both tumor cells and angiogenesis are urgently required, together with effective systems for their delivery to the brain. We assessed the ability of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to uptake the multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib (SFN), and to carry this drug to a brain tumor following intranasal administration. Method MSCs were primed with SFN and drug content and release were quantified by analytical chemistry techniques. The ability of SFN-primed MSCs to inhibit the survival of the human U87MG GB cell line and endothelial cells was assessed in in vitro assays. These cells were then administered intranasally to nude mice bearing intracerebral U87MG xenografts. Their effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and immunofluorescence analyses, and was compared with the intranasal administration of unprimed MSCs or SFN alone. Results MSCs took up about 9 pg SFN per cell, with no effect on viability, and were able to release 60% of the primed drug. The cytostatic activity of the released SFN was entirely conserved, resulting in a significant inhibition of U87MG and endothelial cell survival in vitro. Two intranasal administrations of SFN-primed MSCs in U87MG-bearing mice resulted in lower levels of tumor angiogenesis than the injection of unprimed MSCs or SFN alone, but had no effect on tumor volume. We also observed an increase in the proportion of small intratumoral vessels in animals treated with unprimed MSCs; this effect being abolished if the MSCs were primed with SFN. Conclusion We show the potential of MSCs to carry SFN to brain tumors following an intranasal administration. However, the therapeutic effect is modest probably due to the pro-tumorigenic properties of MSCs, which may limit the action of the released SFN. This calls into question the suitability of MSCs for use in GB therapy and renders it necessary to find methods guaranteeing the safety of this cellular vector after drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clavreul
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France. .,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.
| | - Milad Pourbaghi-Masouleh
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emilie Roger
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Nolwenn Lautram
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | | | - Philippe Menei
- Département de Neurochirurgie, CHU, Angers, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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356
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Li C, Fu Y, Wang Y, Kong Y, Li M, Ma D, Zhai W, Wang H, Lin Y, Liu S, Ren F, Li J, Wang Y. Mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate acute allergic rhinitis in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:420-425. [PMID: 28940415 PMCID: PMC5698748 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated as a potential antiinflammatory treatment in many inflammatory‐related diseases; however, it remains unclear whether MSCs could be used to treat acute allergic rhinitis. A rat model of allergic rhinitis was treated with MSCs. The effect of MSCs on the inflammation of allergic rhinitis was evaluated by sneezing, nose rubbing, the pathology of the nasal mucosa, and the expression of interleukin 4, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and immunoglobulin E in the serum of rats. Also, the population of MSCs isolated from umbilical cords of humans was evaluated to determine if they could inhibit the symptoms and inflammation of acute allergic rhinitis in a rat model. We observed that this population of cells inhibited sneezing, nose rubbing, and changes in the pathology of the nasal mucosa. Intriguingly, we observed that MSCs reduced the expression of interleukin 4, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and immunoglobulin E in the serum. Furthermore, MSCs reduced the expression of histamine and the recruitment of macrophages in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis rats. We reasoned that the effect of MSCs on allergic rhinitis might be through its regulation of the secretion of related cytokines from macrophages during the process of acute allergic rhinitis. This work suggested that MSCs from the umbilical cords of humans could be used as a positive clinical therapy for the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical School of Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, The 2nd Pulmonary Department of TCM, The Key Institute of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Pneumonopathy Chronic Cough and Dyspnea), Beijing Key Laboratory (no BZ0321)China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yanxia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanhua Kong
- National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases China‐Japan Friendship Hospital, The 2nd Pulmonary Department of TCM, The Key Institute of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Pneumonopathy Chronic Cough and Dyspnea), Beijing Key Laboratory (no BZ0321)China‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Danhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wanli Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fangli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Immunology, Medical SchoolThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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357
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Kucerova L, Durinikova E, Toro L, Cihova M, Miklikova S, Poturnajova M, Kozovska Z, Matuskova M. Targeted antitumor therapy mediated by prodrug-activating mesenchymal stromal cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 408:1-9. [PMID: 28838843 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were introduced as tumor-targeted vehicles suitable for delivery of the gene-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy more than 10 years ago. Over these years key properties of tumor cells and MSCs, which are crucial for the treatment efficiency, were examined; and there are some critical issues to be considered for the maximum antitumor effect. Moreover, engineered MSCs expressing enzymes capable of activating non-toxic prodrugs achieved long-term curative effect even in metastatic and hard-to-treat tumor types in pre-clinical scenario(s). These gene-modified MSCs are termed prodrug-activating MSCs throughout the text and represent promising approach for further clinical application. This review summarizes major determinants to be considered for the application of the prodrug-activating MSCs in antitumor therapy in order to maximize therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kucerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Erika Durinikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Toro
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marina Cihova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Svetlana Miklikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Poturnajova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kozovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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358
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Wang YM, Wang W, Qiu ED. Osteosarcoma cells induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer associated fibroblasts through Notch and Akt signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8479-8486. [PMID: 31966700 PMCID: PMC6965449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts plays an important role in tumor progession, growth and metastasis. However, the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells differentiation to cancer-associated fibroblasts induced by tumor cells remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether osteosarcoma cells can also induce BMSCs into CAFs through cells co-culture system, and identify the probably signailing pathway that mediates differentiation of BMSCs to CAFs. The results showed that osteosarcoma cells can induce BMSCs to exhibit the typical characteristics of CAFs, with increased expression of α-SMA, the most reliable marker for CAFs. Morever, we also reveals that Notch signaling acts upstream of Akt signaling in HBMSCs-TAFs differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Wang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Insititute China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Insititute China
| | - En-Duo Qiu
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Insititute China
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359
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Yeh WL, Tsai CF, Chen DR. Peri-foci adipose-derived stem cells promote chemoresistance in breast cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:177. [PMID: 28750689 PMCID: PMC5532814 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells in tumor microenvironment can influence therapeutic responses in various types of cancers. For triple negative breast cancer, chemotherapy remains the mainstay of standard treatment. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between human adipose-derived stem cells (hAdSCs) and chemoresistance in triple negative breast cancer. Method Conditioned medium was collected from hAdSCs, which was isolated from breast cancer patients who had had breast mastectomy. The expression of selected CD markers was evaluated by flow cytometry to characterize hAdSCs. By array analyses of the secreted cytokines and chemokines of hAdSCs, we identified CXCL1 that mediated doxorubicin resistance and the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG2 in TNBC. By microRNA microarray, the association between hAdSC-mediated doxorubicin resistance in TNBC was also revealed. Results Conditioned medium collected from hAdSCs elicited doxorubicin resistance and enhanced the expression of ABCG2, which is a transporter responsible for the efflux of doxorubicin. CXCL1 secreted by hAdSCs downregulated miR-106a expression in triple negative breast cancer, and resulted in ABCG2 upregulation and doxorubicin resistance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CXCL1 secreted by hAdSCs elicits doxorubicin resistance through miR-106a-mediated ABCG2 upregulation in triple negative breast cancer. These findings provide a better understanding of the importance of adipose-derived stem cells in breast cancer microenvironment regarding to the development of chemoresistance and reveal the potential of discovering novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in TNBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0630-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, No. 500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135 Nanxiao Street, Changhua, 50006, Taiwan.
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360
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Dalla Pozza E, Forciniti S, Palmieri M, Dando I. Secreted molecules inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:62-72. [PMID: 28673679 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biologic process that allows a polarized epithelial cell to undergo multiple biochemical changes that enable it to assume a mesenchymal cell phenotype. EMT is involved in embryo development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis and has also been proposed as the critical mechanism for the acquisition of malignant phenotypes by epithelial cancer cells. These cells have been shown to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype when localized at the invasive front of primary tumours increasing aggressiveness, invasiveness, metastatic potential and resistance to chemotherapy. There is now increasing evidence demonstrating that a crucial role in the development of this process is played by factors secreted by cells of the tumour microenvironment or by the tumour cells themselves. This review summarises the current knowledge of EMT induction in cancer by paracrine or autocrine mechanisms, by exosomes or free proteins and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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