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Rivi V, Batabyal A, Benatti C, Sarti P, Blom JMC, Tascedda F, Lukowiak K. A translational and multidisciplinary approach to studying the Garcia effect, a higher form of learning with deep evolutionary roots. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247325. [PMID: 38639079 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Animals, including humans, learn and remember to avoid a novel food when its ingestion is followed, hours later, by sickness - a phenomenon initially identified during World War II as a potential means of pest control. In the 1960s, John Garcia (for whom the effect is now named) demonstrated that this form of conditioned taste aversion had broader implications, showing that it is a rapid but long-lasting taste-specific food aversion with a fundamental role in the evolution of behaviour. From the mid-1970s onward, the principles of the Garcia effect were translated to humans, showing its role in different clinical conditions (e.g. side-effects linked to chemotherapy). However, in the last two decades, the number of studies on the Garcia effect has undergone a considerable decline. Since its discovery in rodents, this form of learning was thought to be exclusive to mammals; however, we recently provided the first demonstration that a Garcia effect can be formed in an invertebrate model organism, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Thus, in this Commentary, after reviewing the experiments that led to the first characterization of the Garcia effect in rodents, we describe the recent evidence for the Garcia effect in L. stagnalis, which may pave the way for future studies in other invertebrates and mammals. This article aims to inspire future translational and ecological studies that characterize the conserved mechanisms underlying this form of learning with deep evolutionary roots, which can be used to address a range of different biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rivi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anuradha Batabyal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, FLAME University, Pune - 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Sarti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johanna Maria Catharina Blom
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- CIB, Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
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Salama ABM, Abouleisa RRE, Ou Q, Tang XL, Alhariry N, Hassan S, Gebreil A, Dastagir M, Abdulwali F, Bolli R, Mohamed TMA. Transient gene therapy using cell cycle factors reverses renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation in heart failure rat model. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1245-1250. [PMID: 36282351 PMCID: PMC10126184 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The loss of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) leads to heart failure. Recently, we demonstrated that transient overexpression of 4 cell cycle factors (4F), using a polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus (TNNT2-4F-NIL) resulted in significant improvement in cardiac function in a rat model of MI. Yet, it is crucial to demonstrate the reversal of the heart failure-related pathophysiological manifestations, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation (RAAS). To assess that, Fisher 344 rats were randomized to receive TNNT2-4F-NIL or control virus seven days after coronary occlusion for 2 h followed by reperfusion. 4 months after treatment, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone levels returned to the normal levels in rats treated with TNNT2-4F-NIL but not in vehicle-treated rats. Furthermore, the TNNT2-4F-NIL-treated group showed significantly less liver and kidney congestion than vehicle-treated rats. Thus, we conclude that in rat models of MI, TNNT2-4F-NIL reverses RAAS activation and subsequent systemic congestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abou Bakr M Salama
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Riham R E Abouleisa
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nashwah Alhariry
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sarah Hassan
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba Giza, Egypt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ahmad Gebreil
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Muzammil Dastagir
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fareeha Abdulwali
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Contessotto P, Pandit A. Therapies to prevent post-infarction remodelling: From repair to regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120906. [PMID: 34139506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the first cause of worldwide mortality, with an increasing incidence also reported in developing countries. Over the past decades, preclinical research and clinical trials continually tested the efficacy of cellular and acellular-based treatments. However, none of them resulted in a drug or device currently used in combination with either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft. Inflammatory, proliferation and remodelling phases follow the ischaemic event in the myocardial tissue. Only recently, single-cell sequencing analyses provided insights into the specific cell populations which determine the final fibrotic deposition in the affected region. In this review, ischaemia, inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, cellular stress and fundamental cellular and molecular components are evaluated as therapeutic targets. Given the emerging evidence of biomaterial-based systems, the increasing use of injectable hydrogels/scaffolds and epicardial patches is reported both as acellular and cellularised/functionalised treatments. Since several variables influence the outcome of any experimented treatment, we return to the pathological basis with an unbiased view towards any specific process or cellular component. Thus, by evaluating the benefits and limitations of the approaches based on these targets, the reader can weigh the rationale of each of the strategies that reached the clinical trials stage. As recent studies focused on the relevance of the extracellular matrix in modulating ischaemic remodelling and enhancing myocardial regeneration, we aim to portray current trends in the field with this review. Finally, approaches towards feasible translational studies that are as yet unexplored are also suggested.
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Batkai S, Genschel C, Viereck J, Rump S, Bär C, Borchert T, Traxler D, Riesenhuber M, Spannbauer A, Lukovic D, Zlabinger K, Hašimbegović E, Winkler J, Garamvölgyi R, Neitzel S, Gyöngyösi M, Thum T. CDR132L improves systolic and diastolic function in a large animal model of chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:192-201. [PMID: 33089304 PMCID: PMC7813625 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac miR-132 activation leads to adverse remodelling and pathological hypertrophy. CDR132L is a synthetic lead-optimized oligonucleotide inhibitor with proven preclinical efficacy and safety in heart failure (HF) early after myocardial infarction (MI), and recently completed clinical evaluation in a Phase 1b study (NCT04045405). The aim of the current study was to assess safety and efficacy of CDR132L in a clinically relevant large animal (pig) model of chronic heart failure following MI. Methods and results In a chronic model of post-MI HF, slow-growing pigs underwent 90 min left anterior descending artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Animals were randomized and treatment started 1-month post-MI. Monthly intravenous (IV) treatments of CDR132L over 3 or 5 months (3× or 5×) were applied in a blinded randomized placebo-controlled fashion. Efficacy was evaluated based on serial magnetic resonance imaging, haemodynamic, and biomarker analyses. The treatment regime provided sufficient tissue exposure and CDR132L was well tolerated. Overall, CDR132L treatment significantly improved cardiac function and reversed cardiac remodelling. In addition to the systolic recovery, diastolic function was also ameliorated in this chronic model of HF. Conclusion Monthly repeated dosing of CDR132L is safe and adequate to provide clinically relevant exposure and therapeutic efficacy in a model of chronic post-MI HF. CDR132L thus should be explored as treatment for the broad area of chronic heart failure. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Batkai
- CARDIOR Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 15, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Celina Genschel
- CARDIOR Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 15, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Janika Viereck
- CARDIOR Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 15, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Steffen Rump
- CARDIOR Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 15, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tobias Borchert
- CARDIOR Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 15, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Denise Traxler
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Riesenhuber
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ena Hašimbegović
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Winkler
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Rita Garamvölgyi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Oncoradiology, University of Kaposvár, Guba S. Street 40, Kaposvár 7400, Hungary
| | - Sonja Neitzel
- Axolabs GmbH, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 9, Kulmbach 95326, Germany
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Thum
- CARDIOR Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 15, Hannover 30625, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
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5
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Masjoan Juncos JX, Shakil S, Bradley WE, Wei CC, Zafar I, Powell P, Mariappan N, Louch WE, Ford DA, Ahmad A, Dell'Italia LJ, Ahmad S. Chronic cardiac structural damage, diastolic and systolic dysfunction following acute myocardial injury due to bromine exposure in rats. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:179-193. [PMID: 32979061 PMCID: PMC7855670 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental bromine spills are common and its large industrial stores risk potential terrorist attacks. The mechanisms of bromine toxicity and effective therapeutic strategies are unknown. Our studies demonstrate that inhaled bromine causes deleterious cardiac manifestations. In this manuscript we describe mechanisms of delayed cardiac effects in the survivors of a single bromine exposure. Rats were exposed to bromine (600 ppm for 45 min) and the survivors were sacrificed at 14 or 28 days. Echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis, histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and biochemical analysis of cardiac tissue were performed to assess functional, structural and molecular effects. Increases in right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic wall stress with increased LV fibrosis were observed. TEM images demonstrated myofibrillar loss, cytoskeletal breakdown and mitochondrial damage at both time points. Increases in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reflected myofibrillar damage and increased LV wall stress. LV shortening decreased as a function of increasing LV end-systolic wall stress and was accompanied by increased sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inactivation and a striking dephosphorylation of phospholamban. NADPH oxidase 2 and protein phosphatase 1 were also increased. Increased circulating eosinophils and myocardial 4-hydroxynonenal content suggested increased oxidative stress as a key contributing factor to these effects. Thus, a continuous oxidative stress-induced chronic myocardial damage along with phospholamban dephosphorylation are critical for bromine-induced chronic cardiac dysfunction. These findings in our preclinical model will educate clinicians and public health personnel and provide important endpoints to evaluate therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bromine
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/chemically induced
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Cardiotoxicity
- Diastole
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Phosphatase 1/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Systole
- Time Factors
- Troponin I/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Function, Right
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Shazia Shakil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Pamela Powell
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Faragli A, Tanacli R, Kolp C, Abawi D, Lapinskas T, Stehning C, Schnackenburg B, Lo Muzio FP, Fassina L, Pieske B, Nagel E, Post H, Kelle S, Alogna A. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance-derived left ventricular mechanics-strain, cardiac power and end-systolic elastance under various inotropic states in swine. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:79. [PMID: 33256761 PMCID: PMC7708216 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) strain imaging is an established technique to quantify myocardial deformation. However, to what extent left ventricular (LV) systolic strain, and therefore LV mechanics, reflects classical hemodynamic parameters under various inotropic states is still not completely clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of LV global strain parameters measured via CMR feature tracking (CMR-FT, based on conventional cine balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) images) with hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac index (CI), cardiac power output (CPO) and end-systolic elastance (Ees) under various inotropic states. METHODS Ten anaesthetized, healthy Landrace swine were acutely instrumented closed-chest and transported to the CMR facility for measurements. After baseline measurements, two steps were performed: (1) dobutamine-stress (Dobutamine) and (2) verapamil-induced cardiovascular depression (Verapamil). During each protocol, CMR images were acquired in the short axisand apical 2Ch, 3Ch and 4Ch views. MEDIS software was utilized to analyze global longitudinal (GLS), global circumferential (GCS), and global radial strain (GRS). RESULTS Dobutamine significantly increased heart rate, CI, CPO and Ees, while Verapamil decreased them. Absolute values of GLS, GCS and GRS accordingly increased during Dobutamine infusion, while GLS and GCS decreased during Verapamil. Linear regression analysis showed a moderate correlation between GLS, GCS and LV hemodynamic parameters, while GRS correlated poorly. Indexing global strain parameters for indirect measures of afterload, such as mean aortic pressure or wall stress, significantly improved these correlations, with GLS indexed for wall stress reflecting LV contractility as the clinically widespread LV ejection fraction. CONCLUSION GLS and GCS correlate accordingly with LV hemodynamics under various inotropic states in swine. Indexing strain parameters for indirect measures of afterload substantially improves this correlation, with GLS being as good as LV ejection fraction in reflecting LV contractility. CMR-FT-strain imaging may be a quick and promising tool to characterize LV hemodynamics in patients with varying degrees of LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faragli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Tanacli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kolp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Abawi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Lapinskas
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - C Stehning
- Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Röntgenstr. 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Schnackenburg
- Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Röntgenstr. 24, 22335, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F P Lo Muzio
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Via S. Francesco 22, 37129, Verona, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - L Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering (DIII), Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Nagel
- Institute of Experimental and Translational Cardiac Imaging, DZHK Centre for Cardiovascular Imaging, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Post
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Contilia Heart and Vessel Centre, St. Marien-Hospital Mülheim, 45468, Mülheim, Germany
| | - S Kelle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Alogna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Jansen M, Khandige A, Kobeiter H, Vonken EJ, Hazenberg C, van Herwaarden J. Three Dimensional Visualisation of Endovascular Guidewires and Catheters Based on Laser Light instead of Fluoroscopy with Fiber Optic RealShape Technology: Preclinical Results. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2020; 60:135-143. [PMID: 32312666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fiber Optic RealShape (FORS) is a new technology platform that enables real time three dimensional (3D) visualisation of endovascular guidewires and catheters, based on the concepts of fibre optic technology instead of fluoroscopy. Anatomical context is provided by means of co-registered prior anatomical imaging, such as digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography. This preclinical study assesses the safety and feasibility of FORS technology. METHODS Six physicians performed endovascular tasks in a phantom model and a porcine model using FORS enabled floppy guidewires, Cobra-2 catheters and Berenstein catheters. Each physician performed a set of predefined tasks in both models, including setup of the FORS system, device registration, and 12 aortic and peripheral target vessel cannulation tasks. The evaluation of the FORS system was based on (i) target vessel cannulation success; (ii) safety assessment; (iii) the accuracy of the FORS based device visualisation; and (iv) user experience. RESULTS Successful cannulation was achieved in 72 of the 72 tasks (100%) in the phantom model and in 70 of the 72 tasks (97%) in the porcine model. No safety issues were reported. The FORS based device visualisation had a median offset at the tip of 2.2 mm (interquartile range 1.2-3.8 mm). The users judged the FORS based device visualisation to be superior to conventional fluoroscopic imaging, while not affecting the mechanical properties (torquability, pushability) of the FORS enabled guidewire and catheters. CONCLUSION The combined outcomes of high cannulation success, positive user experience, adequate accuracy, and absence of safety issues demonstrate the safety and feasibility of the FORS system in a preclinical environment. FORS technology has great potential to improve device visualisation in endovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Jansen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Hicham Kobeiter
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital CHU Henri Mondor Crétei, France
| | - Evert-Jan Vonken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Constantijn Hazenberg
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost van Herwaarden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
Animal models are a significant component of biomedical research and play an important role in translational studies. Traditionally, rodent models have been the mainstay and principal choice of researchers but in recent years, there have been significant changes in the landscape of animal modeling. For example, newer techniques have greatly expanded the use and successful application of large animal models such as pigs for translational studies. The evolving types and species of animal models can influence the research landscape in terms of facilities, expertise, reproducibility and funding streams, which creates new challenges for research studies. It is also important that investigators are prepared to address the necessity of their animal model research and capable to educate the public regarding its value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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9
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Calzetta L, Pistocchini E, Ritondo BL, Roncada P, Cito G, Britti D, Matera MG. Isolated airways in equine respiratory pharmacology: They never lie. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 59:101849. [PMID: 31553927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies on human isolated bronchi have relevant translational value in human in vivo, conversely no investigation has been performed to assess whether data resulting from equine isolated airways can have any translational application in asthmatic horses. Thus, a meta-regression analysis via random-effect method was carried out to correlate the pharmacological characteristics of bronchodilators resulting from experiments performed in equine isolated bronchi with their impact on the lung function outcomes in asthmatic horses. Data on the potency of different bronchodilators were extracted from four ex vivo studies involving 68 horses, and related with the maximum change in transpulmonary pressure (ΔPplmax), pulmonary resistance (RL), and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) resulting from the meta-analysis of clinical trials aimed to assess the effect of different bronchodilator classes, namely antimuscarinic agents and β2-adrenoreceptor (β2-AR) agonists, on lung function of asthmatic horses. The potency (pEC50) detected in equine isolated bronchi for each specific bronchodilator did not significantly (P > 0.05) influence the bronchorelaxant effect resulting from clinical trials. RL was characterized by a flatter meta-regression line (slope 0.01, 95%CI -0.25 - 0.28) with respect to ΔPplmax (slope 0.90, 95%CI -4.06 - 2.26) and Cdyn (slope 0.09, 95%CI -0.21 - 0.04). The quality of evidence was moderate for RL and ΔPplmax and low for Cdyn. This quantitative synthesis provides the indirect evidence that pre-clinical investigations performed by using equine isolated airways may produce useful data to predict the impact of bronchodilators on the RL of asthmatic horses. Further translational studies are needed to directly confirm the results of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Elena Pistocchini
- Unit of Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Hospital Gregorio VII, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cito
- ASL Roma 2, UOC Tutela igienico sanitaria degli alimenti di origine animale, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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10
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Solaiyappan M, Weiss RG, Bottomley PA. Neural-network classification of cardiac disease from 31P cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of creatine kinase energy metabolism. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2019; 21:49. [PMID: 31401975 PMCID: PMC6689869 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart's energy demand per gram of tissue is the body's highest and creatine kinase (CK) metabolism, its primary energy reserve, is compromised in common heart diseases. Here, neural-network analysis is used to test whether noninvasive phosphorus (31P) cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CMRS) measurements of cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy, phosphocreatine (PCr), the first-order CK reaction rate kf, and the rate of ATP synthesis through CK (CK flux), can predict specific human heart disease and clinical severity. METHODS The data comprised the extant 178 complete sets of PCr and ATP concentrations, kf, and CK flux data from human CMRS studies performed on clinical 1.5 and 3 Tesla scanners. Healthy subjects and patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, dilated (DCM) or hypertrophic disease, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I-IV heart failure (HF), or with anterior myocardial infarction are included. Three-layer neural-networks were created to classify disease and to differentiate DCM, hypertrophy and clinical NYHA class in HF patients using leave-one-out training. Network performance was assessed using 'confusion matrices' and 'area-under-the-curve' (AUC) analyses of 'receiver operating curves'. Possible methodological bias and network imbalance were tested by segregating 1.5 and 3 Tesla data, and by data augmentation by random interpolation of nearest neighbors, respectively. RESULTS The network differentiated healthy, HF and non-HF cardiac disease with an overall accuracy of 84% and AUC > 90% for each category using the four CK metabolic parameters, alone. HF patients with DCM, hypertrophy, and different NYHA severity were differentiated with ~ 80% overall accuracy independent of CMRS methodology. CONCLUSIONS While sample-size was limited in some sub-classes, a neural network classifier applied to noninvasive cardiac 31P CMRS data, could serve as a metabolic biomarker for common disease types and HF severity with clinically-relevant accuracy. Moreover, the network's ability to individually classify disease and HF severity using CK metabolism alone, implies an intimate relationship between CK metabolism and disease, with subtle underlying phenotypic differences that enable their differentiation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00181259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyappan Solaiyappan
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Park Bldg. 310, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Paul A. Bottomley
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Park Bldg. 310, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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11
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Sugrue A, Vaidya V, Witt C, DeSimone CV, Yasin O, Maor E, Killu AM, Kapa S, McLeod CJ, Miklavčič D, Asirvatham SJ. Irreversible electroporation for catheter-based cardiac ablation: a systematic review of the preclinical experience. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2019; 55:251-265. [PMID: 31270656 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-019-00574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irreversible electroporation (IRE) utilizing high voltage pulses is an emerging strategy for catheter-based cardiac ablation with considerable growth in the preclinical arena. METHODS A systematic search for articles was performed from three sources (PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar). The primary outcome was the efficacy of tissue ablation with characteristics of lesion formation evaluated by histologic analysis. The secondary outcome was focused on safety and damage to collateral structures. RESULTS Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. IRE was most commonly applied to the ventricular myocardium (n = 7/16, 44%) by a LifePak 9 Defibrillator (n = 9/16, 56%), NanoKnife Generator (n = 2/16, 13%), or other custom generators (n = 5/16, 31%). There was significant heterogeneity regarding electroporation protocols. On histological analysis, IRE was successful in creating ablation lesions with variable transmurality depending on the electric pulse parameters and catheter used. CONCLUSION Preclinical studies suggest that cardiac tissue ablation using IRE shows promise in delivering efficacious, safe lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Sugrue
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Vaibhav Vaidya
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Chance Witt
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christopher V DeSimone
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Omar Yasin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elad Maor
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ammar M Killu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Suraj Kapa
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christopher J McLeod
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samuel J Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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12
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Torres-Velázquez M, Sawin EA, Anderson JM, Yu JPJ. Refractory diet-dependent changes in neural microstructure: Implications for microstructural endophenotypes of neurologic and psychiatric disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 58:148-155. [PMID: 30776455 PMCID: PMC6477923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbiome populations via dietary manipulation have been shown to induce diet-dependent changes in white matter microstructure. The purpose of this study is to examine the durability of these diet-induced microstructural alterations. We implemented a crossover experimental design where post-weaned male rats were assigned to one of four experimental diets. Following the administration of experimental diets and again following crossover and resumption of a normal diet, brains were imaged ex-vivo with diffusion tensor imaging. Following standard image preprocessing, tract-based spatial statistics and region-of-interest measurements were then calculated for all diffusion tensor indices. Voxel-wise differences in FA were identified in the high fat diet group when compared to animals receiving a control diet. Following crossover, there were new voxel-wise changes in both FA and TR that do not correspond to the regions previously identified. Animals crossed over from the high fiber diet demonstrate widespread and global changes in the diffusion tensor that stand in stark contrast to the minimal changes identified before crossover. While no significant differences between any of the diffusion metrics were identified in the high protein group before crossover, statistically significant decreased RD values were observed following resumption of a normal diet. Diet-induced changes in neural microstructure are durable changes that are unrecoverable following the resumption of a normal diet. We further show that in certain experimental diets, resumption of a normal diet can lead to further marked and unanticipated changes in white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Torres-Velázquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emily A Sawin
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John-Paul J Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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13
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Lambden S, Tomlinson J, Piper S, Gordon AC, Leiper J. Evidence for a protective role for the rs805305 single nucleotide polymorphism of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) in septic shock through the regulation of DDAH activity. Crit Care 2018; 22:336. [PMID: 30538005 PMCID: PMC6288902 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) regulates the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) through the metabolism of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Pilot studies have associated the rs805305 SNP of DDAH2 with ADMA concentrations in sepsis. This study explored the impact of the rs805305 polymorphism on DDAH activity and outcome in septic shock. METHODS We undertook a secondary analysis of data and samples collected during the Vasopressin versus noradrenaline as initial therapy in septic shock (VANISH) trial. Plasma and DNA samples isolated from 286 patients recruited into the VANISH trial were analysed. Concentrations of L-Arginine and the methylarginines ADMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were determined from plasma samples. Whole blood and buffy-coat samples were genotyped for polymorphisms of DDAH2. Clinical data collected during the study were used to explore the relationship between circulating methylarginines, genotype and outcome. RESULTS Peak ADMA concentration over the study period was associated with a hazard ratio for death at 28 days of 3.3 (95% CI 2.0-5.4), p < 0.001. Reduced DDAH activity measured by an elevated ADMA:SDMA ratio was associated with a reduced risk of death in septic shock (p = 0.03). The rs805305 polymorphism of DDAH2 was associated with reduced DDAH activity (p = 0.004) and 28-day mortality (p = 0.02). Mean SOFA score and shock duration were also reduced in the less common G:G genotype compared to heterozygotes and C:C genotype patients (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Plasma ADMA is a biomarker of outcome in septic shock, and reduced DDAH activity is associated with a protective effect. The polymorphism rs805305 SNP is associated with reduced mortality, which is potentially mediated by reduced DDAH2 activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN20769191 . Registered on 20 September 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lambden
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2OQQ UK
| | - James Tomlinson
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Sophie Piper
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Anthony C. Gordon
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Leiper
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
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14
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Gabr RE, El-Sharkawy AMM, Schär M, Panjrath GS, Gerstenblith G, Weiss RG, Bottomley PA. Cardiac work is related to creatine kinase energy supply in human heart failure: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:81. [PMID: 30526611 PMCID: PMC6287363 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that the supply of chemical energy may be insufficient to fuel normal mechanical pump function in heart failure (HF). The creatine kinase (CK) reaction serves as the heart's primary energy reserve, and the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP flux) it provides is reduced in human HF. However, the relationship between the CK energy supply and the mechanical energy expended has never been quantified in the human heart. This study tests whether reduced CK energy supply is associated with reduced mechanical work in HF patients. METHODS Cardiac mechanical work and CK flux in W/kg, and mechanical efficiency were measured noninvasively at rest using cardiac pressure-volume loops, magnetic resonance imaging and phosphorus spectroscopy in 14 healthy subjects and 27 patients with mild-to-moderate HF. RESULTS In HF, the resting CK flux (126 ± 46 vs. 179 ± 50 W/kg, p < 0.002), the average (6.8 ± 3.1 vs. 10.1 ± 1.5 W/kg, p <0.001) and the peak (32 ± 14 vs. 48 ± 8 W/kg, p < 0.001) cardiac mechanical work-rates, as well as the cardiac mechanical efficiency (53% ± 16 vs. 79% ± 3, p < 0.001), were all reduced by a third compared to healthy subjects. In addition, cardiac CK flux correlated with the resting peak and average mechanical power (p < 0.01), and with mechanical efficiency (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION These first noninvasive findings showing that cardiac mechanical work and efficiency in mild-to-moderate human HF decrease proportionately with CK ATP energy supply, are consistent with the energy deprivation hypothesis of HF. CK energy supply exceeds mechanical work at rest but lies within a range that may be limiting with moderate activity, and thus presents a promising target for HF treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00181259 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat E. Gabr
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Park Building, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas USA
| | - AbdEl-Monem M. El-Sharkawy
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Park Building, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Michael Schär
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Park Building, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Gurusher S. Panjrath
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- The GW Heart and Vascular Institute, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Paul A. Bottomley
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Park Building, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
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15
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Ward MJ, Collins SP, Liu D, Froehle CM. Preventable delays to intravenous furosemide administration in the emergency department prolong hospitalization for patients with acute heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2018; 269:207-212. [PMID: 30041982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to examine whether factors impacting the time to emergency department (ED) administration of intravenous (IV) furosemide were associated with the duration of hospital admission for patients with acute heart failure (AHF). METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients presenting to the ED and admitted between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2014 who received a dose of IV furosemide. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the likelihood that a patient would be discharged home alive, adjusting for patient demographics, AHF severity (low, moderate, high), laboratory result timing, and known AHF confounders. We identified 695 patients who met study criteria with 430 (61.9%) in the low-severity group. In the overall model, every 60-minute delay in IV furosemide administration was associated with an 8% lower chance of successful discharge home relative to someone who received early furosemide (aHR 0.93, 95%CI 0.87, 0.98, P = 0.012). Subgroup analysis suggests this association was most impactful in low-acuity patients. Our adjusted analysis suggests delaying furosemide administration until after serum creatinine results resulted in a 41% lower chance of successful discharge home relative to someone who had furosemide administered prior to creatinine results (aHR 1.41, 95%CI 1.07, 1,84). CONCLUSIONS AHF patients, particularly those with lower severity, may benefit from rapid administration of IV furosemide in the ED. This suggests that a key determinant of hospital visit duration in this low-risk cohort is decongestion, which occurs sooner when IV therapy is begun early in the ED stay regardless of serum creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ward
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA; Tennessee Valley VA Healthcare System, USA.
| | - Sean P Collins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA; Tennessee Valley VA Healthcare System, USA
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Craig M Froehle
- Carl H. Lindner College of Business, Department of Operations, Business Analytics and Information Systems, University of Cincinnati, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, USA
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16
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Sharma S, Gioia L, Abe B, Holt M, Costanzo A, Kain L, Su A, Teyton L. Using single cell analysis for translational studies in immune mediated diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:191-199. [PMID: 30300798 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The difficulty of studying small tissue samples and rare cell populations have been some of the main limitations in performing efficient translational studies of immune mediated diseases. Many of these conditions are grouped under the name of a single disease whilst there are strong suggestions that disease heterogeneity leads to variable disease progression as well as therapeutic responses. The recent development of single cell techniques, such as single cell RNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, or multiparametric cytometry, is likely to be a turning point. Single cell approaches provide researchers the opportunity to finally dissect disease pathology at a level that will allow mechanistic classifications and precision therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will give an overview of the current and developing repertoire of single cell techniques, the benefits and limitations of each, and provide an example of how single cell techniques can be utilized to understand complex immune mediated diseases and their translation from mouse to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Louis Gioia
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian Abe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marie Holt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anne Costanzo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lisa Kain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Abstract
Namely, in the last two decades, large animal models - small ruminants (sheep and goats), pigs, dogs and horses - have been used to study the physiopathology and to develop new therapeutic procedures to treat human clinical osteoarthritis. For that purpose, cartilage and/or osteochondral defects are generally performed in the stifle joint of selected large animal models at the condylar and trochlear femoral areas where spontaneous regeneration should be excluded. Experimental animal care and protection legislation and guideline documents of the US Food and Drug Administration, the American Society for Testing and Materials and the International Cartilage Repair Society should be followed, and also the specificities of the animal species used for these studies must be taken into account, such as the cartilage thickness of the selected defect localization, the defined cartilage critical size defect and the joint anatomy in view of the post-operative techniques to be performed to evaluate the chondral/osteochondral repair. In particular, in the articular cartilage regeneration and repair studies with animal models, the subchondral bone plate should always be taken into consideration. Pilot studies for chondral and osteochondral bone tissue engineering could apply short observational periods for evaluation of the cartilage regeneration up to 12 weeks post-operatively, but generally a 6- to 12-month follow-up period is used for these types of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. .,3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco - Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Carlos A Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco - Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University School Vasco da Gama, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Lordemão, Coimbra, 3020-210, Portugal.,CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Wu K, Xing F, Wu SY, Watabe K. Extracellular vesicles as emerging targets in cancer: Recent development from bench to bedside. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:538-563. [PMID: 29054476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players of cancer initiation and progression through cell-cell communication. They have been recognized as critical mediators of extracellular communications, which promote transformation, growth invasion, and drug-resistance of cancer cells. Interestingly, the secretion and uptake of EVs are regulated in a more controlled manner than previously anticipated. EVs are classified into three groups, (i) exosomes, (ii) microvesicles (MVs), and (iii) apoptotic bodies (ABs), based on their sizes and origins, and novel technologies to isolate and distinguish these EVs are evolving. The biologically functional molecules harbored in these EVs, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, have been shown to induce key signaling pathways in both tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells for exacerbating tumor development. While tumor cell-derived EVs are capable of reprogramming stromal cells to generate a proper tumor cell niche, stromal-derived EVs profoundly affect the growth, resistance, and stem cell properties of tumor cells. This review summarizes and discusses these reciprocal communications through EVs in different types of cancers. Further understanding of the pathophysiological roles of different EVs in tumor progression is expected to lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy and development of tumor specific therapeutics. This review will also discuss the translational aspects of EVs and therapeutic opportunities of utilizing EVs in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Wu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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19
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Tamura K, Haruhara K, Azushima K, Tokita Y, Wakui H. Possible impact of electronegative LDL on atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:253-255. [PMID: 28851481 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yasuo Tokita
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Fujisawa Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Heightened concentrations of CO2 in inhaled air provoke temporary acidification of the brain, followed by compensatory hyperventilation and increased arousal/anxiety. These responses are likely to map a basic, latent general alarm/avoidance system that is largely shared across mammals, and are sources of individual differences. By showing paroxysmal respiratory and emotional responses to CO2 challenges, humans with panic and separation anxiety disorders lie at one extreme of the distribution for CO2 sensitivity. This is also a developmental trait, sensitive to interference with parental cares. By sharing CO2 sensitivity with humans, rodents constitute a valuable resource to model panic and separation anxiety in the laboratory. Advantages of modeling CO2 sensitivity in rodents include non-inferential measurements (e.g. respiratory readouts) as proxies for human conditions, unbiased investigation of gene-environment interplays, and flexible availability of tissues for mechanistic studies. Data in humans and animals such as those reported in this issue of Neuroscience begin to reveal that CO2-driven behavioral responses stem from anatomo-physiological systems that are relatively separated from those subserving general dispositions to anxiety. This supports the notion that sensitivity to suffocative stimuli and ensuing human panic are significantly independent from trait/cognitive anxiety, and corroborates newer conceptualizations that distinguish between fear and anxiety circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Battaglia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Child, Youth and Emerging Adulthood, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
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21
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Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury is an important clinical problem and a challenge for drug development. Whereas progress in understanding rare and unpredictable (idiosyncratic) drug hepatotoxicity is severely hampered by the lack of relevant animal models, enormous insight has been gained in the area of predictable hepatotoxins, in particular acetaminophen-induced liver injury, from a broad range of experimental models. Importantly, mechanisms of toxicity obtained with certain experimental systems, such as in vivo mouse models, primary mouse hepatocytes, and metabolically competent cell lines, are being confirmed in translational studies in patients and in primary human hepatocytes. Despite this progress, suboptimal models are still being used and experimental data can be confusing, leading to controversial conclusions. Therefore, this review attempts to discuss mechanisms of drug hepatotoxicity using the most studied drug acetaminophen as an example. We compare the various experimental models that are used to investigate mechanisms of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, discuss controversial topics in the mechanisms, and assess how these experimental findings can be translated to the clinic. The success with acetaminophen in demonstrating the clinical relevance of experimental findings could serve as an example for the study of other drug toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Correspondence to: Hartmut Jaeschke, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. Tel: +1-913-588-7969, Fax: +1-913-588-7501. E-mail:
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