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Zhou X, Yang J, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hou P, Zeng X, Yi L, Mi M. Resveratrol attenuates endothelial oxidative injury by inducing autophagy via the activation of transcription factor EB. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:42. [PMID: 31303889 PMCID: PMC6604179 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial oxidative injury is a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Resveratrol (RSV) attenuates the oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Autophagy is critical for the RSV-induced protective effects. However, the exact underlying mechanisms haven’t been completely elucidated. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of autophagy of the anti-oxidation of RSV and the underlying mechanism in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated HUVECs. Methods HUVECs were pretreated with 10 μM of RSV for 2 h and treated with 200 μM of PA for an additional 24 h. Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated with a microplate reader and confocal microscope. Autophagosomes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, while lysosomes by confocal microscopy. The expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and related genes were quantified by qRT-PCR assay. Furthermore, TFEB levels, autophagy, and lysosomes were examined by western blot assay. Results RSV pretreatment suppressed the PA-induced decline in cell viability and elevation in ROS and MDA levels in HUVECs. RSV pretreatment also increased LC3 production and P62 degradation while promoted the autophagosomes formation. However, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment attenuated RSV-induced autophagy. RSV pretreatment upregulated the TFEB and TFEB-modulated downstream genes expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, in cells transfected with TFEB small interfering RNA, RSV-induced TFEB expression and subsequent autophagy were abolished. Meanwhile, the TFEB-modulated genes expression, the lysosomes formation and the RSV-induced anti-oxidation were suppressed. Conclusions In HUVECs, RSV attenuates endothelial oxidative injury by inducing autophagy in a TFEB-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Jining Yang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
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Peng W, Minakaki G, Nguyen M, Krainc D. Preserving Lysosomal Function in the Aging Brain: Insights from Neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:611-634. [PMID: 31183763 PMCID: PMC6694346 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic, membrane-bound organelles that serve as the primary catabolic compartment of the cell. They are crucial to a variety of cellular processes from nutrient storage to autophagy. Given the diversity of lysosomal functions, it is unsurprising that lysosomes are also emerging as important players in aging. Lysosomal dysfunction is implicated in several aging-related neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, and Huntington's. Although the precise role of lysosomes in the aging brain is not well-elucidated, some insight into their function has been gained from our understanding of the pathophysiology of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting lysosomes and autophagic machinery have already been tested in several of these diseases with promising results, suggesting that improving lysosomal function could be similarly beneficial in preserving function in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Peng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Georgia Minakaki
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Maria Nguyen
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
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353
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Lee TB, Jun JH. Can Hinokitiol Kill Cancer Cells? Alternative Therapeutic Anticancer Agent via Autophagy and Apoptosis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Bok Lee
- Confocal Core Facility, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Eulji Medi-Bio Research Institute (EMBRI), Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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354
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Tanshinone IIA Restores Dynamic Balance of Autophagosome/Autolysosome in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Targeting Beclin1/LAMP1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070910. [PMID: 31261758 PMCID: PMC6679133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is largely limited due to its severe cardiotoxicity. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Prior studies have indicated that Beclin1 and lysosomal-associated membrane proteins-1 (LAMP1) are critical mediators of autophagy. In this work, by assessing autophagic flux in a DOX-stimulated H9C2 model, we observed autolysosome accumulation caused by interruption of autolysosome degradation. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is a well-known small molecule that exerts impressive cardioprotective effects on heart failure. Here, we investigated the regulation of TSA in DOX-treated zebrafish, mice, and H9C2 models. Results demonstrated that TSA remarkably improved heart function and reversed pathological changes in vivo, while TSA restored autophagic flux by promoting autolysosome degradation and autophagosome formation. Further experiments demonstrated that these effects were mediated through upregulation of Beclin1 and LAMP1. The mTOR agonist MHY1485 was shown to abrogate the effect of TSA via the UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-Beclin1/TFEB-LAMP1 signaling pathway in vitro, demonstrating that TSA protects against DIC by promoting autophagy via the Beclin1/LAMP1 signaling pathway. We further employed a U87 model to assess whether TSA would compromise the antitumor activity of DOX. Intriguingly, the co-treatment of TSA was able to synergistically inhibit proliferative activity. Collectively, in this study we uncover the novel insight that TSA is able to reduce the cardiotoxicity of DOX without compromising antitumor activity.
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355
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Martín-Maestro P, Sproul A, Martinez H, Paquet D, Gerges M, Noggle S, Starkov AA. Autophagy Induction by Bexarotene Promotes Mitophagy in Presenilin 1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8220-8236. [PMID: 31203573 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis defects have been demonstrated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The neurogenesis impairment is an early critical event in the course of familiar AD (FAD) associated with neuronal loss. It was suggested that neurologic dysfunction in AD may be caused by impaired functioning of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). Multiple metabolic and structural abnormalities in neural mitochondria have long been suspected to play a critical role in AD pathophysiology. We hypothesize that the cause of such abnormalities could be defective elimination of damaged mitochondria. In the present study, we evaluated mitophagy efficacy in a cellular AD model, hiPSC-derived NSCs harboring the FAD-associated PS1 M146L mutation. We found several mitochondrial respiratory chain defects such as lower expression levels of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), cytochrome c reductase (complex III), succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), NADH:CoQ reductase (complex I), and also ATP synthase (complex V), most of which had been previously associated with AD. The mitochondrial network morphology and abundance in these cells was aberrant. This was associated with a marked mitophagy failure stemming from autophagy induction blockage, and deregulation of the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics. We show that treating these cells with autophagy-stimulating drug bexarotene restored autophagy and compensated mitochondrial anomalies in PS1 M146L NSCs, by enhancing the clearance of mitochondria. Our data support the hypothesis that pharmacologically induced mitophagy enhancement is a relevant and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Sproul
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Meri Gerges
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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356
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Arotcarena ML, Teil M, Dehay B. Autophagy in Synucleinopathy: The Overwhelmed and Defective Machinery. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060565. [PMID: 31181865 PMCID: PMC6627933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein positive-intracytoplasmic inclusions are the common denominators of the synucleinopathies present as Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. These neurodegenerative diseases also exhibit cellular dyshomeostasis, such as autophagy impairment. Several decades of research have questioned the potential link between the autophagy machinery and alpha-synuclein protein toxicity in synucleinopathy and neurodegenerative processes. Here, we aimed to discuss the active participation of autophagy impairment in alpha-synuclein accumulation and propagation, as well as alpha-synuclein-independent neurodegenerative processes in the field of synucleinopathy. Therapeutic approaches targeting the restoration of autophagy have started to emerge as relevant strategies to reverse pathological features in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Arotcarena
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Margaux Teil
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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357
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Chakraborty D, Felzen V, Hiebel C, Stürner E, Perumal N, Manicam C, Sehn E, Grus F, Wolfrum U, Behl C. Enhanced autophagic-lysosomal activity and increased BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy as adaptive response of neuronal cells to chronic oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101181. [PMID: 30959460 PMCID: PMC6454062 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and a disturbed cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) belong to the most important hallmarks of aging and of neurodegenerative disorders. The proteasomal and autophagic-lysosomal degradation pathways are key measures to maintain proteostasis. Here, we report that hippocampal cells selected for full adaptation and resistance to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (oxidative stress-resistant cells, OxSR cells) showed a massive increase in the expression of components of the cellular autophagic-lysosomal network and a significantly higher overall autophagic activity. A comparative expression analysis revealed that distinct key regulators of autophagy are upregulated in OxSR cells. The observed adaptive autophagic response was found to be independent of the upstream autophagy regulator mTOR but is accompanied by a significant upregulation of further downstream components of the canonical autophagy network such as Beclin1, WIPI1 and the transmembrane ATG9 proteins. Interestingly, the expression of the HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3, mediator of BAG3-mediated selective macroautophagy and highly relevant for the clearance of aggregated proteins in cells, was found to be increased in OxSR cells that were consequently able to effectively overcome proteotoxic stress. Overexpression of BAG3 in oxidative stress-sensitive HT22 wildtype cells partly established the vesicular phenotype and the enhanced autophagic flux seen in OxSR cells suggesting that BAG3 takes over an important part in the adaptation process. A full proteome analysis demonstrated additional changes in the expression of mitochondrial proteins, metabolic enzymes and different pathway regulators in OxSR cells as consequence of the adaptation to oxidative stress in addition to autophagy-related proteins. Taken together, this analysis revealed a wide variety of pathways and players that act as adaptive response to chronic redox stress in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Chakraborty
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Felzen
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christof Hiebel
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Stürner
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Sehn
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Franz Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center Mainz of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
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358
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Lysosome motility and distribution: Relevance in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1076-1087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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359
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Abstract
Starvation is among the most ancient of selection pressures, driving evolution of a robust arsenal of starvation survival defenses. In order to survive starvation stress, organisms must be able to curtail anabolic processes during starvation and judiciously activate catabolic pathways. Although the activation of metabolic defenses in response to nutrient deprivation is an obvious component of starvation survival, less appreciated is the importance of the ability to recover from starvation upon re-exposure to nutrients. In order for organisms to successfully recover from starvation, cells must be kept in a state of ready so that upon the return of nutrients, activities such as growth and reproduction can be resumed. Critical to this state of ready is the lysosome, an organelle that provides essential signals of nutrient sufficiency to cell growth-activating pathways in the fed state. In this issue, Murphy and colleagues provide evidence that exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans roundworms to 2 simple nutrients, glucose and the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate, is able to render lysosomal function competent to activate key downstream starvation recovery pathways, bypassing the need for a master transcriptional regulator of lysosomes. These findings provide a quantum leap forward in our understanding of the cellular determinants that permit organisms to survive cycles of feast and famine. Organisms require elaborate systems to defend against nutrient stress. This Primer explores recent evidence that the transcription factor TFEB, a master regulator of starvation defences, also primes animals for recovery from starvation once food becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ben Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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360
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Zhang X, Chen W, Gao Q, Yang J, Yan X, Zhao H, Su L, Yang M, Gao C, Yao Y, Inoki K, Li D, Shao R, Wang S, Sahoo N, Kudo F, Eguchi T, Ruan B, Xu H. Rapamycin directly activates lysosomal mucolipin TRP channels independent of mTOR. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000252. [PMID: 31112550 PMCID: PMC6528971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin (Rap) and its derivatives, called rapalogs, are being explored in clinical trials targeting cancer and neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms of Rap actions, however, are not well understood. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a lysosome-localized protein kinase that acts as a critical regulator of cellular growth, is believed to mediate most Rap actions. Here, we identified mucolipin 1 (transient receptor potential channel mucolipin 1 [TRPML1], also known as MCOLN1), the principle Ca2+ release channel in the lysosome, as another direct target of Rap. Patch-clamping of isolated lysosomal membranes showed that micromolar concentrations of Rap and some rapalogs activated lysosomal TRPML1 directly and specifically. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic inactivation of mTOR failed to mimic the Rap effect. In vitro binding assays revealed that Rap bound directly to purified TRPML1 proteins with a micromolar affinity. In both healthy and disease human fibroblasts, Rap and rapalogs induced autophagic flux via nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). However, such effects were abolished in TRPML1-deficient cells or by TRPML1 inhibitors. Hence, Rap and rapalogs promote autophagy via a TRPML1-dependent mechanism. Given the demonstrated roles of TRPML1 and TFEB in cellular clearance, we propose that lysosomal TRPML1 may contribute a significant portion to the in vivo neuroprotective and anti-aging effects of Rap via an augmentation of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Junsheng Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueni Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meimei Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenlang Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Integrative and Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Integrative and Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Fumitaka Kudo
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benfang Ruan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HX); (BR)
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HX); (BR)
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361
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Membrane Lipid Composition: Effect on Membrane and Organelle Structure, Function and Compartmentalization and Therapeutic Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092167. [PMID: 31052427 PMCID: PMC6540057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are key elements for the maintenance of cell architecture and physiology. Beyond a pure barrier separating the inner space of the cell from the outer, the plasma membrane is a scaffold and player in cell-to-cell communication and the initiation of intracellular signals among other functions. Critical to this function is the plasma membrane compartmentalization in lipid microdomains that control the localization and productive interactions of proteins involved in cell signal propagation. In addition, cells are divided into compartments limited by other membranes whose integrity and homeostasis are finely controlled, and which determine the identity and function of the different organelles. Here, we review current knowledge on membrane lipid composition in the plasma membrane and endomembrane compartments, emphasizing its role in sustaining organelle structure and function. The correct composition and structure of cell membranes define key pathophysiological aspects of cells. Therefore, we explore the therapeutic potential of manipulating membrane lipid composition with approaches like membrane lipid therapy, aiming to normalize cell functions through the modification of membrane lipid bilayers.
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362
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Maegawa GH. Lysosomal Leukodystrophies Lysosomal Storage Diseases Associated With White Matter Abnormalities. J Child Neurol 2019; 34:339-358. [PMID: 30757954 PMCID: PMC6459700 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819828587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The leukodystrophies are a group of genetic metabolic diseases characterized by an abnormal development or progressive degeneration of the myelin sheath. The myelin is a complex sheath composed of several macromolecules covering axons as an insulator. Each of the leukodystrophies is caused by mutations in genes encoding enzymes that are involved in myelin production and maintenance. The lysosomal storage diseases are inborn disorders of compartmentalized cellular organelles with broad clinical manifestations secondary to the progressive accumulation of undegraded macromolecules within lysosomes and related organelles. The more than 60 different lysosomal storage diseases are rare diseases; however, collectively, the incidence of lysosomal storage diseases ranges just over 1 in 2500 live births. The majority of lysosomal storage diseases are associated with neurologic manifestations including developmental delay, seizures, acroparesthesia, motor weakness, and extrapyramidal signs. These inborn organelle disorders show wide clinical variability affecting individuals from all age groups. In addition, several of neurologic, also known as neuronopathic, lysosomal storage diseases are associated with some level of white matter disease, which often triggers the diagnostic investigation. Most lysosomal storage diseases are autosomal recessively inherited and few are X-linked, with females being at risk of presenting with mild, but clinically relevant neurologic manifestations. Biochemical assays are the basis of the diagnosis and are usually confirmed by molecular genetic testing. Novel therapies have emerged. However, most affected patients with lysosomal storage diseases have only supportive management to rely on. A better understanding of the mechanisms resulting in the leukodystrophy will certainly result in innovative and efficacious disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H.B. Maegawa
- University of Florida, Department of Pediatrics/Genetics
& Metabolism, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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363
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Gan L, Seki A, Shen K, Iyer H, Han K, Hayer A, Wollman R, Ge X, Lin JR, Dey G, Talbot WS, Meyer T. The lysosomal GPCR-like protein GPR137B regulates Rag and mTORC1 localization and activity. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:614-626. [PMID: 31036939 PMCID: PMC6649673 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell growth is controlled by a lysosomal signaling complex containing Rag small GTPases and mTORC1 kinase. Here we carried out a microscopy-based genome-wide human siRNA screen and discovered a lysosome-localized G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-like protein, GPR137B, that interacts with Rag GTPases, increases Rag localization and activity, and thereby regulates mTORC1 translocation and activity. High GPR137B expression can recruit and activate mTORC1 in the absence of amino acids. Furthermore, GPR137B also regulates the dissociation of activated Rag from lysosomes, suggesting that GPR137B controls a cycle of Rag activation and dissociation from lysosomes. GPR137B knockout cells exhibited defective autophagy and an expanded lysosome compartment, similar to Rag knockout cells. Like zebrafish RagA mutants, GPR137B mutant zebrafish had upregulated TFEB target gene expression and an expanded lysosome compartment in microglia. Thus, GPR137B is a GPCR-like lysosomal regulatory protein that controls dynamic Rag and mTORC1 localization and activity as well as lysosome morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akiko Seki
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kimberle Shen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harini Iyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyuho Han
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roy Wollman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuecai Ge
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerry R Lin
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gautam Dey
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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364
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Curcumin Analogue C1 Promotes Hex and Gal Recruitment to the Plasma Membrane via mTORC1-Independent TFEB Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061363. [PMID: 30889901 PMCID: PMC6471159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The monocarbonyl analogue of curcumin (1E,4E)-1,5-Bis(2-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (C1) has been used as a specific activator of the master gene transcription factor EB (TFEB) to correlate the activation of this nuclear factor with the increased activity of lysosomal glycohydrolases and their recruitment to the cell surface. The presence of active lysosomal glycohydrolases associated with the lipid microdomains has been extensively demonstrated, and their role in glycosphingolipid (GSL) remodeling in both physiological and pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, has been suggested. Here, we demonstrate that Jurkat cell stimulation elicits TFEB nuclear translocation and an increase of both the expression of hexosaminidase subunit beta (HEXB), hexosaminidase subunit alpha (HEXA), and galactosidase beta 1 (GLB1) genes, and the recruitment of β-hexosaminidase (Hex, EC 3.2.1.52) and β-galactosidase (Gal, EC 3.2.1.23) on lipid microdomains. Treatment of Jurkat cells with the curcumin analogue C1 also resulted in an increase of both lysosomal glycohydrolase activity and their targeting to the cell surface. Similar effects of C1 on lysosomal glycohydrolase expression and their recruitment to lipid microdomains was observed by treating the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line; the effects of C1 treatment were abolished by TFEB silencing. Together, these results clearly demonstrate the existence of a direct link between TFEB nuclear translocation and the transport of Hex and Gal from lysosomes to the plasma membrane.
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365
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Brain tyrosinase overexpression implicates age-dependent neuromelanin production in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:973. [PMID: 30846695 PMCID: PMC6405777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) there is a selective degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. In humans, neuromelanin accumulates with age, the latter being the main risk factor for PD. The contribution of neuromelanin to PD pathogenesis remains unknown because, unlike humans, common laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Synthesis of peripheral melanins is mediated by tyrosinase, an enzyme also present at low levels in the brain. Here we report that overexpression of human tyrosinase in rat substantia nigra results in age-dependent production of human-like neuromelanin within nigral dopaminergic neurons, up to levels reached in elderly humans. In these animals, intracellular neuromelanin accumulation above a specific threshold is associated to an age-dependent PD phenotype, including hypokinesia, Lewy body-like formation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Enhancing lysosomal proteostasis reduces intracellular neuromelanin and prevents neurodegeneration in tyrosinase-overexpressing animals. Our results suggest that intracellular neuromelanin levels may set the threshold for the initiation of PD.
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366
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Carballo-Carbajal I, Laguna A, Romero-Giménez J, Cuadros T, Bové J, Martinez-Vicente M, Parent A, Gonzalez-Sepulveda M, Peñuelas N, Torra A, Rodríguez-Galván B, Ballabio A, Hasegawa T, Bortolozzi A, Gelpi E, Vila M. Brain tyrosinase overexpression implicates age-dependent neuromelanin production in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 30846695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08858-y.pmid:30846695;pmcid:pmc6405777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) there is a selective degeneration of neuromelanin-containing neurons, especially substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. In humans, neuromelanin accumulates with age, the latter being the main risk factor for PD. The contribution of neuromelanin to PD pathogenesis remains unknown because, unlike humans, common laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Synthesis of peripheral melanins is mediated by tyrosinase, an enzyme also present at low levels in the brain. Here we report that overexpression of human tyrosinase in rat substantia nigra results in age-dependent production of human-like neuromelanin within nigral dopaminergic neurons, up to levels reached in elderly humans. In these animals, intracellular neuromelanin accumulation above a specific threshold is associated to an age-dependent PD phenotype, including hypokinesia, Lewy body-like formation and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Enhancing lysosomal proteostasis reduces intracellular neuromelanin and prevents neurodegeneration in tyrosinase-overexpressing animals. Our results suggest that intracellular neuromelanin levels may set the threshold for the initiation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Carballo-Carbajal
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Laguna
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Romero-Giménez
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thais Cuadros
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bové
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Martinez-Vicente
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabelle Parent
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Sepulveda
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Peñuelas
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Torra
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Galván
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078, Naples, Italy
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Analía Bortolozzi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, IIBB-CSIC, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)-Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobanc Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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367
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Perera RM, Di Malta C, Ballabio A. MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors, Lysosomes, and Cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2019; 3:203-222. [PMID: 31650096 PMCID: PMC6812561 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have an increased demand for energy sources to support accelerated rates of growth. When nutrients become limiting, cancer cells may switch to nonconventional energy sources that are mobilized through nutrient scavenging pathways involving autophagy and the lysosome. Thus, several cancers are highly reliant on constitutive activation of these pathways to degrade and recycle cellular materials. Here, we focus on the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors, which control transcriptional programs for autophagy and lysosome biogenesis and have emerged as regulators of energy metabolism in cancer. These new findings complement earlier reports that chromosomal translocations and amplifications involving the MiT/TFE genes contribute to the etiology and pathophysiology of renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and sarcoma, suggesting pleiotropic roles for these factors in a wider array of cancers. Understanding the interplay between the oncogenic and stress-adaptive roles of MiT/TFE factors could shed light on fundamental mechanisms of cellular homeostasis and point to new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, 80138Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, 80138Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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368
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, including ceramides, glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, have been recognized as important molecules that regulate critical cellular functions. Although originally studied in the context of lysosomal storage diseases, the roles of these compounds in more common disorders involving metabolism, vascular disease, and aberrant growth has been the focus of recent studies, including in disorders that affect the kidneys. These efforts have led to new insights into Fabry disease, a classic disorder of lysosomal function that results in renal failure as well as in more common renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. Pathways for glycosphingolipid synthesis can be targeted with orally available small-molecule inhibitors, creating new opportunities for the treatment of both rare and common kidney diseases.
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369
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Zeng Q, Siu W, Li L, Jin Y, Liang S, Cao M, Ma M, Wu Z. Autophagy in Alzheimer's disease and promising modulatory effects of herbal medicine. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:100-110. [PMID: 30710681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and unremitting neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It affects the quality of life of victims severely. The prevalence of AD has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, it is of great importance to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD and find out effective therapeutic approaches. Autophagy, a primary intracellular way of degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles, has been discovered to be involved in the pathological changes of AD. In the last few years, much progress has been made in finding autophagy regulators from natural products, providing new insights to develop treatment strategy for AD by targeting autophagy. In the present review, we provided an overview of the recent research progress regarding the function role of autophagy in AD, the regulation mechanisms of autophagy-lysosomal pathway as well as therapeutic potential of herbal medicine on AD by targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wingsum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Limin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Shaoyu Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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370
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Lan Y, Sullivan PM, Hu F. SMCR8 negatively regulates AKT and MTORC1 signaling to modulate lysosome biogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Autophagy 2019; 15:871-885. [PMID: 30696333 PMCID: PMC6526807 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intronic hexanucleotide expansion in the C9orf72 gene is one of the leading causes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), two devastating neurodegenerative diseases. C9orf72 forms a heterodimer with SMCR8 (Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosome region, candidate 8) protein. However, the physiological function of SMCR8 remains to be characterized. Here we report that ablation of SMCR8 in mice results in splenomegaly with autoimmune phenotypes similar to that of C9orf72 deficiency. Furthermore, SMCR8 loss leads to a drastic decrease of C9orf72 protein levels. Many proteins involved in the macroautophagy-lysosome pathways are downregulated upon SMCR8 loss due to elevated activation of MTORC1 and AKT, which also leads to increased spine density in the Smcr8 knockout neurons. In summary, our studies demonstrate a key role of SMCR8 in regulating MTORC1 and AKT signaling and tissue homeostasis. Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; C9orf72: chromosome 9 open reading frame 72; FTLD: frontotemporal lobar degeneration; GEF: guanosine nucleotide exchange factor; GTPase: guanosine tri-phosphatase; KO: knockout; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; SMCR8: Smith-Magenis chromosome region, candidate 8; WDR41: WD repeat domain 41; WT: wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Lan
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA.,b Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Peter M Sullivan
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Fenghua Hu
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
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371
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Arhzaouy K, Papadopoulos C, Schulze N, Pittman SK, Meyer H, Weihl CC. VCP maintains lysosomal homeostasis and TFEB activity in differentiated skeletal muscle. Autophagy 2019; 15:1082-1099. [PMID: 30654731 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated tissue is particularly vulnerable to alterations in protein and organelle homeostasis. The essential protein VCP, mutated in hereditary inclusion body myopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, is critical for efficient clearance of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in dividing cells, but its role in terminally differentiated tissue affected by disease mutations is less clear. To understand the relevance of VCP in differentiated tissue, we inactivated it in skeletal muscle of adult mice. Surprisingly, knockout muscle demonstrated a necrotic myopathy with increased macroautophagic/autophagic proteins and damaged lysosomes. This was not solely due to a defect in autophagic degradation because age-matched mice with muscle inactivation of the autophagy essential protein, ATG5, did not demonstrate a myopathy. Notably, myofiber necrosis was preceded by upregulation of LGALS3/Galectin-3, a marker of damaged lysosomes, and TFEB activation, suggesting early defects in the lysosomal system. Consistent with that, myofiber necrosis was recapitulated by chemical induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in skeletal muscle. Moreover, TFEB was activated after LMP in cells, but activation and nuclear localization of TFEB persisted upon VCP inactivation or disease mutant expression. Our data identifies VCP as central mediator of both lysosomal clearance and biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Abbreviations: AAA: ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities; TUBA1A/α-tubulin: tubulin alpha 1a; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ACTA1: actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CTSB/D: cathepsin B/D; Ctrl: control; DAPI: diamidino-2-phenylindole; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; ELDR: endolysosomal damage response; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; Gastroc/G: gastrocnemius; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; HSPA5/GRP78: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IBMPFD/ALS: inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of the bone, frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; i.p.: intraperitoneal; LAMP1/2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1/2; LLOMe: Leu-Leu methyl ester hydrobromide; LGALS3/Gal3: galectin 3; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYL1: myosin light chain 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MSP: multisystem proteinopathy; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; Quad/Q: quadriceps; RHEB: Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TA: tibialis anterior; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; TXFN, tamoxifen; UBXN6/UBXD1: UBX domain protein 6; VCP: valosin containing protein; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Arhzaouy
- a Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Diseases , Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis , MO , USA
| | - Chrisovalantis Papadopoulos
- b Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Nina Schulze
- c Imaging Centre Campus Essen (ICCE), Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB) , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Sara K Pittman
- a Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Diseases , Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis , MO , USA
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- b Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Conrad C Weihl
- a Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Diseases , Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis , MO , USA
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372
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Xu Y, Ren J, He X, Chen H, Wei T, Feng W. YWHA/14-3-3 proteins recognize phosphorylated TFEB by a noncanonical mode for controlling TFEB cytoplasmic localization. Autophagy 2019; 15:1017-1030. [PMID: 30653408 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a master regulator of the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal pathway, TFEB (transcription factor EB) plays a prominent role in regulating neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The transcription activity of TFEB is tightly controlled by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Phosphorylated S211 (p-S211) of TFEB can be recognized by YWHA/14-3-3 proteins for TFEB cytoplasmic localization. Here, we characterized the interactions between phosphorylated TFEB and YWHA/14-3-3 proteins and determined the structures of YWHA/14-3-3 proteins in complex with a TFEB p-S211-peptide. Although the critical arginine for YWHA/14-3-3 recognition is missing in the N terminus of the TFEB p-S211-peptide, the C-terminal additional hydrophobic residues of the peptide unexpectedly occupy nearly half of the target-binding groove of YWHA/14-3-3 proteins, which compensates for the N-terminal defect and is distinct from the canonical YWHA/14-3-3-binding mode. Mutations of essential residues in the interaction interface between TFEB and YWHA/14-3-3 proteins disrupted their interactions and severely impaired the cytoplasmic localization of TFEB, which altered the expression of TFEB target genes and affected autophagy. Thus, YWHA/14-3-3 proteins recognize phosphorylated TFEB by a noncanonical mode for controlling TFEB cytoplasmic localization and its activity. Abbreviation: ACTB: actin beta; ALP: autophagy-lysosomal pathway; ATP6V1H: ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit H; bHLH: basic helix-loop-helix; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MITF: melanocyte inducing transcription factor; NLS: nuclear localization signal; TFEB: transcription factor EB; YWHA/14-3-3: tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- a National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Jinqi Ren
- a National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaolong He
- a National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Han Chen
- a National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Taotao Wei
- a National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Feng
- a National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Life Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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373
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Tan S, Yu CY, Sim ZW, Low ZS, Lee B, See F, Min N, Gautam A, Chu JJH, Ng KW, Wong E. Pomegranate activates TFEB to promote autophagy-lysosomal fitness and mitophagy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:727. [PMID: 30679718 PMCID: PMC6346015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underscores aging and diseases. Mitophagy (mitochondria + autophagy) is a quality control pathway that preserves mitochondrial health by targeting damaged mitochondria for autophagic degradation. Hence, molecules or compounds that can augment mitophagy are therapeutic candidates to mitigate mitochondrial-related diseases. However, mitochondrial stress remains the most effective inducer of mitophagy. Thus, identification of mitophagy-inducing regimes that are clinically relevant is favorable. In this study, pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation is shown to stimulate mitophagy. PE activates transcription factor EB (TFEB) to upregulate the expression of autophagy and lysosomal genes for mitochondrial quality control under basal and stress conditions. Basally, PE alters mitochondrial morphology and promotes recruitment of autophagosomes to the mitochondria (mitophagosome formation). Upon onset of mitochondrial stress, PE further augments mitophagosome formation, and engages PINK1 and Parkin to the mitochondria to potentiate mitophagy. This cellular phenomenon of PE-induced mitophagy helps to negate superfluous mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial impairment. Overall, our study highlights the potential of PE supplementation as a physiological therapy to modulate TFEB activity to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and mitochondrial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chye Yun Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wei Sim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zun Siong Low
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Brianna Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Faith See
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Nyo Min
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Archana Gautam
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Esther Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology and Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore. .,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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374
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Roles of Autophagy-Related Genes in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010077. [PMID: 30669622 PMCID: PMC6356351 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that is essential for a variety of cellular responses. Due to its role in the maintenance of biological homeostasis in conditions of stress, dysregulation or disruption of autophagy may be linked to human diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a complicated inflammatory colitis disorder; Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the principal types. Genetic studies have shown the clinical relevance of several autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the pathogenesis of IBD. Additionally, recent studies using conditional knockout mice have led to a comprehensive understanding of ATGs that affect intestinal inflammation, Paneth cell abnormality and enteric pathogenic infection during colitis. In this review, we discuss the various ATGs involved in macroautophagy and selective autophagy, including ATG16L1, IRGM, LRRK2, ATG7, p62, optineurin and TFEB in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Although advances have been made regarding the involvement of ATGs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, determining the precise contribution of autophagy has remained elusive. Recent efforts based on direct targeting of ATGs and autophagy will further facilitate the development of new therapeutic opportunities for IBD.
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375
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Marques ARA, Saftig P. Lysosomal storage disorders - challenges, concepts and avenues for therapy: beyond rare diseases. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs221739. [PMID: 30651381 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of lysosomes in cellular processes is increasingly appreciated. An understanding of the balanced interplay between the activity of acidic hydrolases, lysosomal membrane proteins and cytosolic proteins is required. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are characterized by disturbances in this network and by intralysosomal accumulation of substrates, often only in certain cell types. Even though our knowledge of these diseases has increased and therapies have been established, many aspects of the molecular pathology of LSDs remain obscure. This Review aims to discuss how lysosomal storage affects functions linked to lysosomes, such as membrane repair, autophagy, exocytosis, lipid homeostasis, signalling cascades and cell viability. Therapies must aim to correct lysosomal storage not only morphologically, but reverse its (patho)biochemical consequences. As different LSDs have different molecular causes, this requires custom tailoring of therapies. We will discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of current and possible future therapies for LSDs. Study of the pathological molecular mechanisms underlying these 'experiments of nature' often yields information that is relevant for other conditions found in the general population. Therefore, more common diseases may profit from a correction of impaired lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R A Marques
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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376
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Galectins Control mTOR in Response to Endomembrane Damage. Mol Cell 2019; 70:120-135.e8. [PMID: 29625033 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ser/Thr protein kinase mTOR controls metabolic pathways, including the catabolic process of autophagy. Autophagy plays additional, catabolism-independent roles in homeostasis of cytoplasmic endomembranes and whole organelles. How signals from endomembrane damage are transmitted to mTOR to orchestrate autophagic responses is not known. Here we show that mTOR is inhibited by lysosomal damage. Lysosomal damage, recognized by galectins, leads to association of galectin-8 (Gal8) with the mTOR apparatus on the lysosome. Gal8 inhibits mTOR activity through its Ragulator-Rag signaling machinery, whereas galectin-9 activates AMPK in response to lysosomal injury. Both systems converge upon downstream effectors including autophagy and defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, a novel galectin-based signal-transduction system, termed here GALTOR, intersects with the known regulators of mTOR on the lysosome and controls them in response to lysosomal damage. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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377
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Chauhan AS, Kumar M, Chaudhary S, Dhiman A, Patidar A, Jakhar P, Jaswal P, Sharma K, Sheokand N, Malhotra H, Raje CI, Raje M. Trafficking of a multifunctional protein by endosomal microautophagy: linking two independent unconventional secretory pathways. FASEB J 2019; 33:5626-5640. [PMID: 30640524 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During physiologic stresses, like micronutrient starvation, infection, and cancer, the cytosolic moonlighting protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is trafficked to the plasma membrane (PM) and extracellular milieu (ECM). Our work demonstrates that GAPDH mobilized to the PM, and the ECM does not utilize the classic endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi route of secretion; instead, it is first selectively translocated into early and late endosomes from the cytosol via microautophagy. GAPDH recruited to this common entry point is subsequently delivered into multivesicular bodies, leading to its membrane trafficking through secretion via exosomes and secretory lysosomes. We present evidence that both pathways of GAPDH membrane trafficking are up-regulated upon iron starvation, potentially by mobilization of intracellular calcium. These pathways also play a role in clearance of misfolded intracellular polypeptide aggregates. Our findings suggest that cells build in redundancy for vital cellular pathways to maintain micronutrient homeostasis and prevent buildup of toxic intracellular misfolded protein refuse.-Chauhan, A. S., Kumar, M., Chaudhary, S., Dhiman, A., Patidar, A., Jakhar, P., Jaswal, P., Sharma, K., Sheokand, N., Malhotra, H., Raje, C. I., Raje. M. Trafficking of a multifunctional protein by endosomal microautophagy: linking two independent unconventional secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Singh Chauhan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Chaudhary
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Patidar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Jakhar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Jaswal
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navdeep Sheokand
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Himanshu Malhotra
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
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378
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Lamming DW, Bar-Peled L. Lysosome: The metabolic signaling hub. Traffic 2019; 20:27-38. [PMID: 30306667 PMCID: PMC6294686 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For the past five decades, the lysosome has been characterized as an unglamorous cellular recycling center. This notion has undergone a radical shift in the last 10 years, with new research revealing that this organelle serves as a major hub for metabolic signaling pathways. The discovery that master growth regulators, including the protein kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), make their home at the lysosomal surface has generated intense interest in the lysosome's key role in nutrient sensing and cellular homeostasis. The transcriptional networks required for lysosomal maintenance and function are just being unraveled and their connection to lysosome-based signaling pathways revealed. The catabolic and anabolic pathways that converge on the lysosome connect this organelle with multiple facets of cellular function; when these pathways are deregulated they underlie multiple human diseases, and promote cellular and organismal aging. Thus, understanding how lysosome-based signaling pathways function will not only illuminate the fascinating biology of this organelle but will also be critical in unlocking its therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley W. Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liron Bar-Peled
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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379
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Doronzo G, Astanina E, Corà D, Chiabotto G, Comunanza V, Noghero A, Neri F, Puliafito A, Primo L, Spampanato C, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Camussi G, Oliviero S, Bussolino F. TFEB controls vascular development by regulating the proliferation of endothelial cells. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201798250. [PMID: 30591554 PMCID: PMC6356157 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor TFEB is thought to control cellular functions—including in the vascular bed—primarily via regulation of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux. Here, we report that TFEB also orchestrates a non‐canonical program that controls the cell cycle/VEGFR2 pathway in the developing vasculature. In endothelial cells, TFEB depletion halts proliferation at the G1‐S transition by inhibiting the CDK4/Rb pathway. TFEB‐deficient cells attempt to compensate for this limitation by increasing VEGFR2 levels at the plasma membrane via microRNA‐mediated mechanisms and controlled membrane trafficking. TFEB stimulates expression of the miR‐15a/16‐1 cluster, which limits VEGFR2 transcript stability and negatively modulates expression of MYO1C, a regulator of VEGFR2 trafficking to the cell surface. Altered levels of miR‐15a/16‐1 and MYO1C in TFEB‐depleted cells cause increased expression of plasma membrane VEGFR2, but in a manner associated with low signaling strength. An endothelium‐specific Tfeb‐knockout mouse model displays defects in fetal and newborn mouse vasculature caused by reduced endothelial proliferation and by anomalous function of the VEGFR2 pathway. These previously unrecognized functions of TFEB expand its role beyond regulation of the autophagic pathway in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessio Noghero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alberto Puliafito
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Luca Primo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Carmine Spampanato
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Ian and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy .,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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380
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Chandra S, Roy A, Jana M, Pahan K. Cinnamic acid activates PPARα to stimulate Lysosomal biogenesis and lower Amyloid plaque pathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:379-395. [PMID: 30578827 PMCID: PMC6382282 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the lysosomes, the waste clearance machinery of the cell, to different environmental stimuli is coordinated by a gene network with a master regulator Transcription factor EB (TFEB) at the core. Disruption of multiple facets of the lysosomal and autophagic network has been linked to various neurodegenerative and lysosomal storage disorders, making TFEB an attractive therapeutic target to rescue or augment lysosomal function under pathological scenario. In this study, we demonstrate that cinnamic acid, a naturally occurring plant-based product, induces lysosomal biogenesis in mouse primary brain cells via upregulation of TFEB. We delineate that cinnamic acid activates the nuclear hormone receptor PPARα to transcriptionally upregulate TFEB and stimulate lysosomal biogenesis. Moreover, using in-silico and biochemical approaches we established that cinnamic acid serves as a potent ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Finally, cinnamic acid treatment in male and female 5× Familial Alzheimer’s disease (5XFAD) mice remarkably reduced cerebral amyloid-beta plaque burden and improved memory via PPARα. Therefore, stimulation of lysosomal biogenesis by cinnamic acid may have therapeutic implications for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other lysosomal disorders originating from accumulation of toxic protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujyoti Chandra
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Malabendu Jana
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
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381
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Di Malta C, Ballabio A. Transcriptional regulation of mTORC1 in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36734-36735. [PMID: 30613362 PMCID: PMC6298413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Malta
- Andrea Ballabio: Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Chiara Di Malta: Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and, Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Andrea Ballabio: Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Chiara Di Malta: Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and, Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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382
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Liang J, Jia X, Wang K, Zhao N. High expression of TFEB is associated with aggressive clinical features in colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8089-8098. [PMID: 30519051 PMCID: PMC6239122 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the micropthalmia family, has been found to be associated with autophagy and upregulated in some kinds of tumors. However, very few studies focused on TFEB in colorectal cancer (CRC). TFEB expression status and its relevance to clinical features in CRC would be analyzed in this study. Materials and methods Real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistological staining were used to evaluate TFEB expression in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and the role of TFEB in CRC cell lines was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results TFEB was expressed at lower level in CRC tissues than normal in both mRNA and protein level. However, there were significantly positive correlations between TFEB expression in cancer tissues and malignant progression of CRC. Cancers with TFEB overexpression always had deeper infiltration and higher lymphatic metastasis rate. Furthermore, patients with high TFEB levels always had poor survival, and higher TFEB expression could be a predictor of survival in multivariate analysis. Meanwhile, knockdown TFEB by shRNA or knockout TFEB by sgRNA in CRC cell lines could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and migration in amino acid-free medium. In addition, we found a positive relationship between TFEB and Beclin1 expression, and silencing TFEB inhibited Beclin1 expression in CRC cells. Conclusion TFEB expression correlated with aggressive clinical features in CRC, and higher TFEB expression could be a prognostic factor and potential treatment target of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Binhai New Area Dagang Hospital, Tianjin 300270, China,
| | - Xinfeng Jia
- Geriatrics Department, Tianjin Civil Affairs Bureau Geriatric Hospital, Tianjin 300111, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300030, China
| | - Niankun Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tianjin Binhai New Area Dagang Hospital, Tianjin 300270, China
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383
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Meireles AM, Shen K, Zoupi L, Iyer H, Bouchard EL, Williams A, Talbot WS. The Lysosomal Transcription Factor TFEB Represses Myelination Downstream of the Rag-Ragulator Complex. Dev Cell 2018; 47:319-330.e5. [PMID: 30399334 PMCID: PMC6250074 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myelin allows for fast and efficient axonal conduction, but much remains to be determined about the mechanisms that regulate myelin formation. To investigate the genetic basis of myelination, we carried out a genetic screen using zebrafish. Here, we show that the lysosomal G protein RagA is essential for CNS myelination. In rraga-/- mutant oligodendrocytes, target genes of the lysosomal transcription factor Tfeb are upregulated, consistent with previous evidence that RagA represses Tfeb activity. Loss of Tfeb function is sufficient to restore myelination in RagA mutants, indicating that hyperactive Tfeb represses myelination. Conversely, tfeb-/- single mutants exhibit ectopic myelin, further indicating that Tfeb represses myelination during development. In a mouse model of de- and remyelination, TFEB expression is increased in oligodendrocytes, but the protein is localized to the cytoplasm, and hence inactive, especially during remyelination. These results define essential regulators of myelination and may advance approaches to therapeutic remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Meireles
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kimberle Shen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lida Zoupi
- University of Edinburgh/MS Society Centre for MS Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Harini Iyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ellen L Bouchard
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Williams
- University of Edinburgh/MS Society Centre for MS Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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384
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Jeong S, Byun JK, Cho SJ, Chin J, Lee IK, Choi YK, Park KG. Transcription Factor Eb Is Required for Macropinocytosis-Mediated Growth Recovery of Nutrient-Deprived Kras-Mutant Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111638. [PMID: 30400219 PMCID: PMC6265907 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a regulated form of endocytosis that mediates the nonselective uptake of nutrients to support growth under nutrient-deprived conditions. KRAS-mutant cancer cells upregulate macropinocytosis to import extracellular proteins, which subsequently undergo proteolytic degradation in the lysosome. Although transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, its role in the degradation of extracellular protein from macropinocytosis in KRAS-mutant cells has not previously been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of TFEB in the recovery of macropinocytosis-mediated mTORC1 activity and cell growth under nutrient depletion. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing KrasG12D and KRAS-mutant human cancer cells took up markedly higher levels of tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-dextran than the corresponding wild-type cells. siRNA-mediated inhibition of TFEB did not influence extracellular TMR-dextran uptake, but significantly attenuated lysosomal degradation of extracellular protein. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) treatment restored p-S6K levels and cell proliferation suppressed by leucine deprivation, and these effects were blocked by siTFEB. Collectively, our results show that TFEB plays a role in macropinocytosis-mediated KRAS-mutant cell growth under nutrient deprivation by promoting lysosomal degradation of extracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jun-Kyu Byun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
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385
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Liu Y, Hu Y, Wang L, Xu C. Expression of transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) in differentiating spermatogonia potentially promotes cell migration in mouse seminiferous epithelium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:105. [PMID: 30360758 PMCID: PMC6202848 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia into mature spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. During spermatogenesis, germ cells migrate from the basement membrane to cross the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and finally reach the luminal side of the seminiferous epithelium. However, the mechanism for regulating the migration of germ cells remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the expression and function of transcriptional factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, autophagy and endocytosis, in spermatogenesis. METHODS The expression pattern of the TFEB in mouse testes were investigated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses. Either undifferentiated spermatogonia or differentiating spermatogonia were isolated from testes using magnetic-activated cell sorting based on specific cell surface markers. Differentiation of spermatogonia was induced with 100 nM retinoic acid (RA). shRNA was used to knock down TFEB in cells. TFEB expression was detected by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. Cell migration was determined by both transwell migration assay and wound healing assay applied to a cell line of immortalized spermatogonia, GC-1 cells. RESULTS During testicular development, TFEB expression was rapidly increased in the testes at the period of 7 days post-partum (dpp) to 14 dpp, whereas in adult testis, it was predominantly localized in the nucleus of spermatogonia at stages VI to VIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Accordingly, TFEB was observed to be mainly expressed in differentiating spermatogonia and was activated for nuclear translocation by RA treatment. Moreover, knockdown of TFEB expression by RNAi did not affect spermatogonial differentiation, but significantly reduced cell migration in GC-1 cells. CONCLUSION These findings imply that regionally distinct expression and activation of TFEB was strongly associated with RA signaling, and therefore may promote cell migration across the BTB and transport along the seminiferous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yanqin Hu
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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386
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Chang JZ, Chen SD, Zheng H, Zhang HP. Downregulation of transcription factor EB inhibits the growth and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739218805333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the roles of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in colorectal cancer (CRC), we collected samples of tumor tissues and normal tissues from 40 patients with CRC. The expression of TFEB in these samples was analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Furthermore, we explored the expression of TFEB mRNA in CCD-18Co normal cells and HT-29, HCT-8, C2BBe1 cancer cells. HT-29, HCT-8, and C2BBe1 cancer cells were transfected with a TFEB-specific small interference RNA (siRNA) and scrambled siRNA, then the TFEB expression was confirmed by Western blot. The migration and invasion abilities of cells transfected with TFEB-siRNA were examined by transwell method and wound-healing assay. The subsequent effect of TFEB silencing on the tumor growth was also detected in mice xenograft model in vivo. Our study found that TFEB expression was significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in colorectal tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Consistent with TFEB expression in tissues, compared with the normal CCD-18Co cells, TFEB mRNA expression was also significantly augmented in CRC cells. TFEB protein expression was markedly reduced in HT-29, HCT-8, and C2BBe1 cells after TFEB-siRNA transfection. In addition, inhibition of TFEB expression resulted in decrease of cells migration and invasion abilities. In vivo study, compared with the negative control group, the tumor weight, and volume were also reduced after inhibiting the TFEB expression. Our research suggested that TFEB expression is related to the occurrence and development of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells, the weight and volume of tumor were all decreased when inhibiting TFEB expression. Thus, TFEB serves as an important factor in the development of CRC by modulating cancer cell migration and invasion, showing the potential therapeutic target of CRC in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhe Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangrao County People’s Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Shu-Dong Chen
- No.2 Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- No.2 Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Hua-Ping Zhang
- No.2 Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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387
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Ozturk DG, Kocak M, Akcay A, Kinoglu K, Kara E, Buyuk Y, Kazan H, Gozuacik D. MITF-MIR211 axis is a novel autophagy amplifier system during cellular stress. Autophagy 2018; 15:375-390. [PMID: 30290719 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1531197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved recycling and stress response mechanism. Active at basal levels in eukaryotes, autophagy is upregulated under stress providing cells with building blocks such as amino acids. A lysosome-integrated sensor system composed of RRAG GTPases and MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) regulates lysosome biogenesis and autophagy in response to amino acid availability. Stress-mediated inhibition of MTORC1 results in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the TFE/MITF family of transcriptional factors, and triggers an autophagy- and lysosomal-related gene transcription program. The role of family members TFEB and TFE3 have been studied in detail, but the importance of MITF proteins in autophagy regulation is not clear so far. Here we introduce for the first time a specific role for MITF in autophagy control that involves upregulation of MIR211. We show that, under stress conditions including starvation and MTOR inhibition, a MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel feed-forward loop that controls autophagic activity in cells. Direct targeting of the MTORC2 component RICTOR by MIR211 led to the inhibition of the MTORC1 pathway, further stimulating MITF translocation to the nucleus and completing an autophagy amplification loop. In line with a ubiquitous function, MITF and MIR211 were co-expressed in all tested cell lines and human tissues, and the effects on autophagy were observed in a cell-type independent manner. Thus, our study provides direct evidence that MITF has rate-limiting and specific functions in autophagy regulation. Collectively, the MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel and universal autophagy amplification system that sustains autophagic activity under stress conditions. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AKT1S1/PRAS40: AKT1 substrate 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BECN1: beclin 1; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPKAP1/SIN1: mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1; MITF: melanogenesis associated transcription factor; MLST8: MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog; MRE: miRNA response element; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MTORC2: MTOR complex 2; PRR5/Protor 1: proline rich 5; PRR5L/Protor 2: proline rich 5 like; RACK1: receptor for activated C kinase 1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RT-qPCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSC1/2: TSC complex subunit 1/2; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; VIM: vimentin; VPS11: VPS11, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; VPS18: VPS18, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; WIPI1: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gulfem Ozturk
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kocak
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
| | - Arzu Akcay
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Kubilay Kinoglu
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Erdogan Kara
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Yalcin Buyuk
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Hilal Kazan
- c Antalya Bilim University, Faculty of Engineering , Department of Computer Engineering , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey.,d Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN) , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey.,e Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) , Sabanci University , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
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388
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Casares-Crespo L, Calatayud-Baselga I, García-Corzo L, Mira H. On the Role of Basal Autophagy in Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:339. [PMID: 30349462 PMCID: PMC6187079 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain due to the existence of neural stem cell (NSC) reservoirs in defined niches, where they give rise to new neurons throughout life. Recent research has begun to address the implication of constitutive (basal) autophagy in the regulation of neurogenesis in the mature brain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of autophagy-related genes in modulating adult NSCs, progenitor cells and their differentiation into neurons. The general function of autophagy in neurogenesis in several areas of the embryonic forebrain is also revisited. During development, basal autophagy regulates Wnt and Notch signaling and is mainly required for adequate neuronal differentiation. The available data in the adult indicate that the autophagy-lysosomal pathway regulates adult NSC maintenance, the activation of quiescent NSCs, the survival of the newly born neurons and the timing of their maturation. Future research is warranted to validate the results of these pioneering studies, refine the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of NSCs and newborn neurons by autophagy throughout the life-span of mammals and provide significance to the autophagic process in adult neurogenesis-dependent behavioral tasks, in physiological and pathological conditions. These lines of research may have important consequences for our understanding of stem cell dysfunction and neurogenic decline during healthy aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Casares-Crespo
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
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389
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Settembre C, Cinque L, Bartolomeo R, Di Malta C, De Leonibus C, Forrester A. Defective collagen proteostasis and matrix formation in the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage disorders. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:283-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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390
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Bala S, Szabo G. TFEB, a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy, is a new player in alcoholic liver disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1. [PMID: 30450489 PMCID: PMC6234977 DOI: 10.21037/dmr.2018.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Bala
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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391
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is vital for intracellular quality control and homeostasis. Therefore, careful regulation of autophagy is very important. In the past 10 years, a number of studies have reported that estrogenic effectors affect autophagy. However, some results, especially those regarding the modulatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on autophagy seem inconsistent. Moreover, several clinical trials are already in place combining both autophagy inducers and autophagy inhibitors with endocrine therapies for breast cancer. Not all patients experience benefit, which further confuses and complicates our understanding of the main effects of autophagy in estrogen-related cancer. In view of the importance of the crosstalk between estrogen signaling and autophagy, this review summarizes the estrogenic effectors reported to affect autophagy, subcellular distribution and translocation of estrogen receptors, autophagy-targeted transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and histone modifications regulated by E2. Upon stimulation with estrogen, there will always be opposing functional actions, which might occur between different receptors, receptors on TFs, TFs on autophagy genes, or even histone modifications on transcription. The huge signaling network downstream of estrogen can promote autophagy and reduce overstimulated autophagy at the same time, which allows autophagy to be regulated by estrogen in a restricted range. To help understand how the estrogenic regulation of autophagy affects cell fate, a hypothetical model is presented here. Finally, we discuss some exciting new directions in the field. We hope this might help to better understand the multiple associations between estrogen and autophagy, the pathogenic mechanisms of many estrogen-related diseases, and to design novel and efficacious therapeutics. Abbreviations: AP-1, activator protein-1; HATs, histone acetyltransferases; HDAC, histone deacetylases; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Kun Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Hong-Lu Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Yu-Yang Miao
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Qi
- a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China
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392
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Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous and highly dynamic organelles that play a central role in the metabolism of lipids and reactive oxygen species. The importance of peroxisomal metabolism is illustrated by severe peroxisome biogenesis disorders in which functional peroxisomes are absent or disorders caused by single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. These multisystemic diseases manifest specific clinical and biochemical disturbances that originate from the affected peroxisomal pathways. An emerging role of the peroxisome has been identified in many types of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, obesity, and diabetes. Peroxisome homeostasis is achieved via a tightly regulated interplay between peroxisome biogenesis and degradation via selective autophagy, which is commonly known as "pexophagy". Dysregulation of either peroxisome biogenesis or pexophagy may be detrimental to the health of cells and contribute to the pathophysiology of these diseases. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process for non-selective degradation of macromolecules and organelles in response to various stressors. In selective autophagy, specific cargo-recognizing receptors connect the cargo to the core autophagic machinery, and additional posttranslational modifications such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation regulate this process. Several stress conditions have been shown to stimulate pexophagy and decrease peroxisome abundance. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that particularly regulate mammalian pexophagy has been limited. In recent years considerable progress has been made uncovering signaling pathways, autophagy receptors and adaptors as well as posttranslational modifications involved in pexophagy. In this review, which is published back-to-back with a peroxisome review by Islinger et al. [(Histochem Cell Biol 137:547-574, 2018). The peroxisome: an update on mysteries 2.0], we focus on recent novel findings on the underlying molecular mechanisms of pexophagy in yeast and mammalian cells and highlight concerns and gaps in our knowledge.
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393
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Durso W, D'Autilia F, Amodeo R, Marchetti L, Cardarelli F. Probing labeling-induced lysosome alterations in living cells by imaging-derived mean squared displacement analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2704-2709. [PMID: 30100062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are not merely degradative organelles but play a central role in nutrient sensing, metabolism and cell-growth regulation. Our ability to study their function in living cells strictly relies on the use of lysosome-specific fluorescent probes tailored to optical microscopy applications. Still, no report thus far quantitatively analyzed the effect of labeling strategies/procedures on lysosome properties in live cells. We tackle this issue by a recently developed spatiotemporal fluctuation spectroscopy strategy that extracts structural (size) and dynamic (diffusion) properties directly from imaging, with no a-priori knowledge of the system. We highlight hitherto neglected alterations of lysosome properties upon labeling. In particular, we demonstrate that Lipofectamine reagents, used to transiently express lysosome markers fused to fluorescent proteins (FPs) (e.g. LAMP1-FP or CD63-FP), irreversibly alter the organelle structural identity, inducing a ∼2-fold increase of lysosome average size. The organelle structural identity is preserved, instead, if electroporation or Effectene are used as transfection strategies, provided that the expression levels of the recombinant protein marker are kept low. This latter condition can be achieved also by generating cell lines stably expressing the desired FP-tagged marker. Reported results call into question the interpretation of a massive amount of data collected so far using fluorescent protein markers and suggest useful guidelines for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durso
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy; NEST - Scuola Normale Superiore, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Autilia
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosy Amodeo
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy; NEST - Scuola Normale Superiore, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST - Scuola Normale Superiore, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR (CNR-NANO), Pisa, Italy.
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394
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Nnah IC, Wang B, Saqcena C, Weber GF, Bonder EM, Bagley D, De Cegli R, Napolitano G, Medina DL, Ballabio A, Dobrowolski R. TFEB-driven endocytosis coordinates MTORC1 signaling and autophagy. Autophagy 2018; 15:151-164. [PMID: 30145926 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1511504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (MTORC1) is a central cellular kinase that integrates major signaling pathways, allowing for regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes including macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Essential to these processes is the regulatory activity of TFEB (transcription factor EB). In a regulatory feedback loop modulating transcriptional levels of RRAG/Rag GTPases, TFEB controls MTORC1 tethering to membranes and induction of anabolic processes upon nutrient replenishment. We now show that TFEB promotes expression of endocytic genes and increases rates of cellular endocytosis during homeostatic baseline and starvation conditions. TFEB-mediated endocytosis drives assembly of the MTORC1-containing nutrient sensing complex through the formation of endosomes that carry the associated proteins RRAGD, the amino acid transporter SLC38A9, and activate AKT/protein kinase B (AKT p-T308). TFEB-induced signaling endosomes en route to lysosomes are induced by amino acid starvation and are required to dissociate TSC2, re-tether and activate MTORC1 on endolysosomal membranes. This study characterizes TFEB-mediated endocytosis as a critical process leading to activation of MTORC1 and autophagic function, thus identifying the importance of the dynamic endolysosomal system in cellular clearance. Abbreviations: CAD: central adrenergic tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing-a-differentiated; ChIP-seq: chromosome immunoprecipitation sequencing; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EEA1: early endosomal antigen 1; EGF: epidermal growth factor; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GTPase: guanosine triphosphatase; HEK293T: human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing a temperature-sensitive mutant of the SV40 large T antigen; LAMP: lysosomal-associated membrane protein; LYNUS: lysosomal nutrient-sensing complex; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha/beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex; OE: overexpression; PH: pleckstrin homology; PtdIns(3,4,5)P3: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate; RRAGD: Ras related GTPase binding D; RHEB: Ras homolog enriched in brain; SLC38A9: solute carrier family 38 member 9; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSC2: tuberous sclerosis 2; TMR: tetramethylrhodamine; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel C Nnah
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Biao Wang
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Chaitali Saqcena
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Gregory F Weber
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Dustin Bagley
- b Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Rossella De Cegli
- b Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- b Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Diego L Medina
- b Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Pozzuoli , Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- b Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Pozzuoli , Italy.,c Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine , Federico II University , Naples , Italy.,d Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,e Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute , Texas Children Hospital , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA.,f Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases , University of Texas Health Sciences Center , San Antonio , TX , USA.,g Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy , University of Texas Health San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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395
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Liu X, Zhang N, Liu Y, Liu L, Zeng Q, Yin M, Wang Y, Song D, Deng H. MPB, a novel berberine derivative, enhances lysosomal and bactericidal properties via TGF-β-activated kinase 1-dependent activation of the transcription factor EB. FASEB J 2018; 33:1468-1481. [PMID: 30161000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome has a crucial role in clearance of endocytosed pathogens from the cell. Small molecules that can boost lysosome function and bactericidal ability to cope with subsequent infection are urgently needed. Here, we report that MPB, a novel berberine derivative, induced lysosome-based degradation and clearance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in macrophages. MPB caused nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which boosted expression of lysosome genes. TFEB silencing repressed the MPB-mediated enhancements in degradation and bacterial eradication. MPB switched on TFEB nuclear translocation by coupling 2 parallel signaling pathways. MPB-triggered JNK activation led to 14-3-3δ being released from TFEB, which, in turn, caused TFEB nuclear translocation. In addition, MPB induced AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin activity, which also contributed to TFEB nuclear translocation. Importantly, genetical or pharmaceutical inhibition of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) reduced MPB action remarkably. MPB acted through TAK1 at lysine 158 to activate JNK and AMPK and, thus, induced TFEB-dependent bactericidal activity in macrophages. Therefore, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which MPB controls JNK and AMPK phosphorylation cascades to activate lysosomal function and bactericidal activity via TAK1 K158-dependent manner, which may offer insight into novel therapeutic strategies to control bacterial infection.-Liu, X., Zhang, N., Liu, Y., Liu, L., Zeng, Q., Yin, M., Wang, Y., Song, D., Deng, H. MPB, a novel berberine derivative, enhances lysosomal and bactericidal properties via TGF-β-activated kinase 1-dependent activation of the transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxuan Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Yin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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396
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Zheng G, Zhan Y, Li X, Pan Z, Zheng F, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Gao W, Xu H, Tian N, Zhang X. TFEB, a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis via autophagy regulation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:858. [PMID: 30154423 PMCID: PMC6113230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The blockage of autophagic flux in chondrocytes has been considered as a major reason for the excessive cellular apoptosis and senescence in osteoarthritis (OA) development; however, the molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategy for interrupted autophagic flux is still not clear. Most recently, the transcription factor EB (TFEB) is identified as a master regulator for autophagic flux via initiating the expression of multiple autophagy-related genes and lysosomal biogenesis. This research was performed to confirm whether TFEB expression and activity are impacted in OA development and to confirm the effect of genetic up-regulation of TFEB on autophagic flux and cellular protection in the in vitro and in vivo models of OA. We demonstrated that the expression and nuclear localization of TFEB is decreased in human and mouse OA cartilage as well as in tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-treated chondrocytes. Applying lentivirus to transfect chondrocytes, we found that TFEB overexpression rescues the TBHP-induced the autophagic flux damage, lysosome dysfunction and protects chondrocyte against TBHP induced apoptosis and senescence; these protections of TFEB are diminished by chloroquine-medicated autophagy inhibition. Our destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mouse OA model shows that TFEB overexpression ameliorates the surgery-induced cartilage degradation, restrains the apoptosis and senescence of chondrocyte, and enhances the autophagic flux. In summary, our study indicates that the activity of TFEB in chondrocyte is involved in OA development, also TFEB overexpression may be a promising strategy for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fanghong Zheng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hong Kong, China.
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397
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Napolitano G, Esposito A, Choi H, Matarese M, Benedetti V, Di Malta C, Monfregola J, Medina DL, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ballabio A. mTOR-dependent phosphorylation controls TFEB nuclear export. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3312. [PMID: 30120233 PMCID: PMC6098152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During starvation the transcriptional activation of catabolic processes is induced by the nuclear translocation and consequent activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master modulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. However, how TFEB is inactivated upon nutrient refeeding is currently unknown. Here we show that TFEB subcellular localization is dynamically controlled by its continuous shuttling between the cytosol and the nucleus, with the nuclear export representing a limiting step. TFEB nuclear export is mediated by CRM1 and is modulated by nutrient availability via mTOR-dependent hierarchical multisite phosphorylation of serines S142 and S138, which are localized in proximity of a nuclear export signal (NES). Our data on TFEB nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling suggest an unpredicted role of mTOR in nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Heejun Choi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Maria Matarese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Benedetti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
- National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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398
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Papadopoulos C, Meyer H. Detection and Clearance of Damaged Lysosomes by the Endo-Lysosomal Damage Response and Lysophagy. Curr Biol 2018; 27:R1330-R1341. [PMID: 29257971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization or lysosomal rupture is recognized as a common and severe stress condition relevant for infection, cellular degeneration and cancer. However, the cellular response mechanisms that protect cells from the consequences of lysosomal damage and ensure lysosomal quality control and homeostasis have only recently been explored. Key elements of this response involve the specific sensing of the damage followed by extensive modification of the organelles with ubiquitin to mark them for clearance by selective macroautophagy, termed lysophagy. Efficient lysophagy is ensured by additional layers of regulation, including modulation by the ubiquitin-directed AAA-ATPase VCP/p97. Lysophagy shares many features with mitophagy, the macroautophagic removal of damaged mitochondria. This review aims to gather available data from different fields and to define the key steps necessary for sensing and subsequent clearance of damaged lysosomes. We conclude with a discussion of disease implications with a focus on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisovalantis Papadopoulos
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Molecular Biology I, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany.
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399
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Kundu ST, Grzeskowiak CL, Fradette JJ, Gibson LA, Rodriguez LB, Creighton CJ, Scott KL, Gibbons DL. TMEM106B drives lung cancer metastasis by inducing TFEB-dependent lysosome synthesis and secretion of cathepsins. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2731. [PMID: 30013069 PMCID: PMC6048095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, therefore necessitating novel approaches to identify specific genetic drivers for lung cancer progression and metastasis. We recently performed an in vivo gain-of-function genetic screen to identify driver genes of lung cancer metastasis. In the study reported here, we identify TMEM106B as a primary robust driver of lung cancer metastasis. Ectopic expression of TMEM106B could significantly promote the synthesis of enlarged vesicular lysosomes that are laden with elevated levels of active cathepsins. In a TFEB-dependent manner, TMEM106B could modulate the expression of lysosomal genes of the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) pathway in lung cancer cells and patient samples. We also demonstrate that TMEM106B-induced lysosomes undergo calcium-dependent exocytosis, thereby releasing active lysosomal cathepsins necessary for TMEM106B-mediated cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vivo, which could be therapeutically prevented by pharmacological inhibition of cathepsins. Further, in TCGA LUAD data sets, 19% of patients show elevated expression of TMEM106B, which predicts for poor disease-free and overall-survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat T Kundu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Caitlin L Grzeskowiak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laura A Gibson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leticia B Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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400
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Yang M, Liu E, Tang L, Lei Y, Sun X, Hu J, Dong H, Yang SM, Gao M, Tang B. Emerging roles and regulation of MiT/TFE transcriptional factors. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:31. [PMID: 29903018 PMCID: PMC6003119 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The MiT/TFE transcription factors play a pivotal role in the regulation of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The subcellular localization and activity of MiT/TFE proteins are primarily regulated through phosphorylation. And the phosphorylated protein is retained in the cytoplasm and subsequently translocates to the nucleus upon dephosphorylation, where it stimulates the expression of hundreds of genes, leading to lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy induction. The transcription factor-mediated lysosome-to-nucleus signaling can be directly controlled by several signaling molecules involved in the mTORC1, PKC, and AKT pathways. MiT/TFE family members have attracted much attention owing to their intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors in numerous diseases. Recently, multiple studies have also revealed the MiT/TFE proteins as master regulators of cellular metabolic reprogramming, converging on autophagic and lysosomal function and playing a critical role in cancer, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies could be based on the modulation of MiT/TFE family member activity. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on MiT/TFE transcriptional factors and their potential mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - En Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiaxi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Mingfa Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 40037, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China.
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