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Calatayud-Baselga I, Casares-Crespo L, Franch-Ibáñez C, Guijarro-Nuez J, Sanz P, Mira H. Autophagy drives the conversion of developmental neural stem cells to the adult quiescent state. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7541. [PMID: 38001081 PMCID: PMC10673888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain relies on the lifelong persistence of quiescent neural stem cell (NSC) reservoirs. Little is known about the mechanisms that lead to the initial establishment of quiescence, the main hallmark of adult stem cells, during development. Here we show that protein aggregates and autophagy machinery components accumulate in developmental radial glia-like NSCs as they enter quiescence and that pharmacological or genetic blockade of autophagy disrupts quiescence acquisition and maintenance. Conversely, increasing autophagy through AMPK/ULK1 activation instructs the acquisition of the quiescent state without affecting BMP signaling, a gatekeeper of NSC quiescence during adulthood. Selective ablation of Atg7, a critical gene for autophagosome formation, in radial glia-like NSCs at early and late postnatal stages compromises the initial acquisition and maintenance of quiescence during the formation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus NSC niche. Therefore, we demonstrate that autophagy is cell-intrinsically required to establish NSC quiescence during hippocampal development. Our results uncover an important role of autophagy in the transition of developmental NSCs into their dormant adult form, paving the way for studies directed at further understanding the mechanisms of stem cell niche formation and maintenance in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Lucía Casares-Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Carmina Franch-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - José Guijarro-Nuez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain.
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2
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Comaposada-Baró R, Benito-Martínez A, Escribano-Saiz JJ, Franco ML, Ceccarelli L, Calatayud-Baselga I, Mira H, Vilar M. Cholinergic neurodegeneration and cholesterol metabolism dysregulation by constitutive p75 NTR signaling in the p75 exonIII-KO mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1237458. [PMID: 37900943 PMCID: PMC10611523 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1237458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few mouse models of AD recapitulate the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic system. The p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, has been associated with the degeneration of BFCNs in AD. The senescence-accelerated mouse prone number 8 (SAMP8) is a well-accepted model of accelerated and pathological aging. To gain a better understanding of the role of p75NTR in the basal forebrain during aging, we generated a new mouse line, the SAMP8-p75exonIII-/-. Deletion of p75NTR in the SAMP8 background induces an increase in the number of BFCNs at birth, followed by a rapid decline during aging compared to the C57/BL6 background. This decrease in the number of BFCNs correlates with a worsening in the Y-maze memory test at 6 months in the SAMP8-p75exonIII-/-. We found that SAMP8-p75exonIII-/- and C57/BL6-p75exonIII-/- mice expressed constitutively a short isoform of p75NTR that correlates with an upregulation of the protein levels of SREBP2 and its targets, HMGCR and LDLR, in the BF of both SAMP8-p75exonIII-/- and C57/BL6-p75exonIII-/- mice. As the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic system and the dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism are implicated in AD, we postulate that the generated SAMP8-p75exonIII-/- mouse strain might constitute a good model to study long-term cholinergic neurodegeneration in the CNS. In addition, our results support the role of p75NTR signaling in cholesterol biosynthesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Comaposada-Baró
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Benito-Martínez
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Julian Escribano-Saiz
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Franco
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Ceccarelli
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Helena Mira
- Stem Cells and Aging Units of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration Unit of the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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3
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García-Corzo L, Calatayud-Baselga I, Casares-Crespo L, Mora-Martínez C, Julián Escribano-Saiz J, Hortigüela R, Asenjo-Martínez A, Jordán-Pla A, Ercoli S, Flames N, López-Alonso V, Vilar M, Mira H. The transcription factor LEF1 interacts with NFIX and switches isoforms during adult hippocampal neural stem cell quiescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:912319. [PMID: 35938168 PMCID: PMC9355129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.912319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in adult mammalian tissues are held in a reversible resting state, known as quiescence, for prolonged periods of time. Recent studies have greatly increased our understanding of the epigenetic and transcriptional landscapes that underlie stem cell quiescence. However, the transcription factor code that actively maintains the quiescence program remains poorly defined. Similarly, alternative splicing events affecting transcription factors in stem cell quiescence have been overlooked. Here we show that the transcription factor T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor LEF1, a central player in canonical β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling, undergoes alternative splicing and switches isoforms in quiescent neural stem cells. We found that active β-catenin and its partner LEF1 accumulated in quiescent hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cell (Q-NSPC) cultures. Accordingly, Q-NSPCs showed enhanced TCF/LEF1-driven transcription and a basal Wnt activity that conferred a functional advantage to the cultured cells in a Wnt-dependent assay. At a mechanistic level, we found a fine regulation of Lef1 gene expression. The coordinate upregulation of Lef1 transcription and retention of alternative spliced exon 6 (E6) led to the accumulation of a full-length protein isoform (LEF1-FL) that displayed increased stability in the quiescent state. Prospectively isolated GLAST + cells from the postnatal hippocampus also underwent E6 retention at the time quiescence is established in vivo. Interestingly, LEF1 motif was enriched in quiescence-associated enhancers of genes upregulated in Q-NSPCs and quiescence-related NFIX transcription factor motifs flanked the LEF1 binding sites. We further show that LEF1 interacts with NFIX and identify putative LEF1/NFIX targets. Together, our results uncover an unexpected role for LEF1 in gene regulation in quiescent NSPCs, and highlight alternative splicing as a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in the transition from stem cell activation to quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Corzo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Lucía Casares-Crespo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Carlos Mora-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
- Evo-devo Helsinki Community, Centre of Excellence in Experimental and Computational Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan Julián Escribano-Saiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Jordán-Pla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Stefano Ercoli
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Nuria Flames
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | | | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), València, Spain
- *Correspondence: Helena Mira,
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4
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Li L, Medina-Menéndez C, García-Corzo L, Córdoba-Beldad CM, Quiroga AC, Calleja Barca E, Zinchuk V, Muñoz-López S, Rodríguez-Martín P, Ciorraga M, Colmena I, Fernández S, Vicario C, Nicolis SK, Lefebvre V, Mira H, Morales AV. SoxD genes are required for adult neural stem cell activation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110313. [PMID: 35108528 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult neurogenic niche in the hippocampus is maintained through activation of reversibly quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) with radial glia-like morphology (RGLs). Here, we show that the expression of SoxD transcription factors Sox5 and Sox6 is enriched in activated RGLs. Using inducible deletion of Sox5 or Sox6 in the adult mouse brain, we show that both genes are required for RGL activation and the generation of new neurons. Conversely, Sox5 overexpression in cultured NSCs interferes with entry in quiescence. Mechanistically, expression of the proneural protein Ascl1 (a key RGL regulator) is severely downregulated in SoxD-deficient RGLs, and Ascl1 transcription relies on conserved Sox motifs. Additionally, loss of Sox5 hinders the RGL activation driven by neurogenic stimuli such as environmental enrichment. Altogether, our data suggest that SoxD genes are key mediators in the transition of adult RGLs from quiescence to an activated mitotic state under physiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Vicario
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Ribeiro FF, Ferreira F, Rodrigues RS, Soares R, Pedro DM, Duarte-Samartinho M, Aroeira RI, Ferreiro E, Valero J, Solá S, Mira H, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S. Regulation of hippocampal postnatal and adult neurogenesis by adenosine A 2A receptor: Interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1362-1381. [PMID: 34043863 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) activation modulates several brain processes, ranging from neuronal maturation to synaptic plasticity. Most of these actions occur through the modulation of the actions of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this work, we studied the role of A2A Rs in regulating postnatal and adult neurogenesis in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we show that A2A R activation with CGS 21680 promoted neural stem cell self-renewal, protected committed neuronal cells from cell death and contributed to a higher density of immature and mature neuronal cells, particularly glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, A2A R endogenous activation was found to be essential for BDNF-mediated increase in cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Our findings contribute to further understand the role of adenosinergic signaling in the brain and may have an impact in the development of strategies for brain repair under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Pedro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Duarte-Samartinho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita I Aroeira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Laboratory of Glial Cell Biology, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
- University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Spain
| | - Susana Solá
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM, JLB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Defteralı Ç, Moreno-Estellés M, Crespo C, Díaz-Guerra E, Díaz-Moreno M, Vergaño-Vera E, Nieto-Estévez V, Hurtado-Chong A, Consiglio A, Mira H, Vicario C. Neural stem cells in the adult olfactory bulb core generate mature neurons in vivo. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1253-1269. [PMID: 33963799 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies suggest that neural stem cells (NSCs) exist in the adult olfactory bulb (OB), their location, identity, and capacity to generate mature neurons in vivo has been little explored. Here, we injected enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing retroviral particles into the OB core of adult mice to label dividing cells and to track the differentiation/maturation of any neurons they might generate. EGFP-labeled cells initially expressed adult NSC markers on days 1 to 3 postinjection (dpi), including Nestin, GLAST, Sox2, Prominin-1, and GFAP. EGFP+ -doublecortin (DCX) cells with a migratory morphology were also detected and their abundance increased over a 7-day period. Furthermore, EGFP-labeled cells progressively became NeuN+ neurons, they acquired neuronal morphologies, and they became immunoreactive for OB neuron subtype markers, the most abundant representing calretinin expressing interneurons. OB-NSCs also generated glial cells, suggesting they could be multipotent in vivo. Significantly, the newly generated neurons established and received synaptic contacts, and they expressed presynaptic proteins and the transcription factor pCREB. By contrast, when the retroviral particles were injected into the subventricular zone (SVZ), nearly all (98%) EGFP+ -cells were postmitotic when they reached the OB core, implying that the vast majority of proliferating cells present in the OB are not derived from the SVZ. Furthermore, we detected slowly dividing label-retaining cells in this region that could correspond to the population of resident NSCs. This is the first time NSCs located in the adult OB core have been shown to generate neurons that incorporate into OB circuits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Defteralı
- Instituto Cajal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Moreno-Estellés
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, CNM-ISCIII, Majadahonda, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Crespo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Estructura de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz-Guerra
- Instituto Cajal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Díaz-Moreno
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, CNM-ISCIII, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Eva Vergaño-Vera
- Instituto Cajal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anahí Hurtado-Chong
- Instituto Cajal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Helena Mira
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, CNM-ISCIII, Majadahonda, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario
- Instituto Cajal-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Fernández A, Quintana E, Velasco P, Moreno-Jimenez B, de Andrés B, Gaspar ML, Liste I, Vilar M, Mira H, Cano E. Senescent accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as a model of age dependent neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:75. [PMID: 33736657 PMCID: PMC7977588 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging and age-related diseases are strong risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation (NIF), as the brain's immune response, plays an important role in aged associated degeneration of central nervous system (CNS). There is a need for well characterized animal models that will allow the scientific community to understand and modulate this process. METHODS We have analyzed aging-phenotypical and inflammatory changes of brain myeloid cells (bMyC) in a senescent accelerated prone aged (SAMP8) mouse model, and compared with their senescence resistant control mice (SAMR1). We have performed morphometric methods to evaluate the architecture of cellular prolongations and determined the appearance of Iba1+ clustered cells with aging. To analyze specific constant brain areas, we have performed stereology measurements of Iba1+ cells in the hippocampal formation. We have isolated bMyC from brain parenchyma (BP) and choroid plexus plus meningeal membranes (m/Ch), and analyzed their response to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven inflammation. RESULTS Aged 10 months old SAMP8 mice present many of the hallmarks of aging-dependent neuroinflammation when compared with their SAMR1 control, i.e., increase of protein aggregates, presence of Iba1+ clusters, but not an increase in the number of Iba1+ cells. We have further observed an increase of main inflammatory mediator IL-1β, and an augment of border MHCII+Iba1+ cells. Isolated CD45+ bMyC from brain parenchyma (BP) and choroid plexus plus meningeal membranes (m/Ch) have been analyzed, showing that there is not a significant increase of CD45+ cells from the periphery. Our data support that aged-driven pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) transcription is enhanced in CD45+BP cells. Furthermore, LPS-driven systemic inflammation produces inflammatory cytokines mainly in border bMyC, sensed to a lesser extent by the BP bMyC, showing that IL-1β expression is further augmented in aged SAMP8 compared to control SAMR1. CONCLUSION Our data validate the SAMP8 model to study age-associated neuroinflammatory events, but careful controls for age and strain are required. These animals show morphological changes in their bMyC cell repertoires associated to age, corresponding to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, which predispose the brain to an enhanced inflammatory response after LPS-systemic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Fernández
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Quintana
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Velasco
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Moreno-Jimenez
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Unidad de Inmunobiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Liste
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Cano
- Chronic Disease Programme, Neuroinflammation Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km.2,2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Mira H, Morante J. Corrigendum: Neurogenesis From Embryo to Adult - Lessons From Flies and Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:686. [PMID: 32903900 PMCID: PMC7443569 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Morante
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
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9
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Mira H, Diez Del Corral R, Morales AV. Editorial: Generation of Neurons and Their Integration in Pre-existing Circuits in the Postnatal Brain: Signalling in Physiological and Regenerative Contexts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:560. [PMID: 32850776 PMCID: PMC7396662 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Schouten M, Bielefeld P, Garcia-Corzo L, Passchier EMJ, Gradari S, Jungenitz T, Pons-Espinal M, Gebara E, Martín-Suárez S, Lucassen PJ, De Vries HE, Trejo JL, Schwarzacher SW, De Pietri Tonelli D, Toni N, Mira H, Encinas JM, Fitzsimons CP. Circadian glucocorticoid oscillations preserve a population of adult hippocampal neural stem cells in the aging brain. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1382-1405. [PMID: 31222184 PMCID: PMC7303016 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been linked to age-related cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms involved in this age-related reduction remain elusive. Glucocorticoid hormones (GC) are important regulators of neural stem/precursor cells (NSPC) proliferation. GC are released from the adrenal glands in ultradian secretory pulses that generate characteristic circadian oscillations. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that GC oscillations prevent NSPC activation and preserve a quiescent NSPC pool in the aging hippocampus. We found that hippocampal NSPC populations lacking expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) decayed exponentially with age, while GR-positive populations decayed linearly and predominated in the hippocampus from middle age onwards. Importantly, GC oscillations controlled NSPC activation and GR knockdown reactivated NSPC proliferation in aged mice. When modeled in primary hippocampal NSPC cultures, GC oscillations control cell cycle progression and induce specific genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. GC oscillations induced lasting changes in the methylation state of a group of gene promoters associated with cell cycle regulation and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Finally, in a mouse model of accelerated aging, we show that disruption of GC oscillations induces lasting changes in dendritic complexity, spine numbers and morphology of newborn granule neurons. Together, these results indicate that GC oscillations preserve a population of GR-expressing NSPC during aging, preventing their activation possibly by epigenetic programming through methylation of specific gene promoters. Our observations suggest a novel mechanism mediated by GC that controls NSPC proliferation and preserves a dormant NSPC pool, possibly contributing to a neuroplasticity reserve in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schouten
- Neuroscience Collaboration, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Bielefeld
- Neuroscience Collaboration, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Garcia-Corzo
- Biomedicine Institute of Valencia (IBV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - E M J Passchier
- Neuroscience Collaboration, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Gradari
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - T Jungenitz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Pons-Espinal
- Neurobiology of miRNA Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Gebara
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - P J Lucassen
- Neuroscience Collaboration, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H E De Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J L Trejo
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D De Pietri Tonelli
- Neurobiology of miRNA Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - N Toni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Mira
- Biomedicine Institute of Valencia (IBV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Encinas
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - C P Fitzsimons
- Neuroscience Collaboration, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Abstract
The human brain is composed of billions of cells, including neurons and glia, with an undetermined number of subtypes. During the embryonic and early postnatal stages, the vast majority of these cells are generated from neural progenitors and stem cells located in all regions of the neural tube. A smaller number of neurons will continue to be generated throughout our lives, in localized neurogenic zones, mainly confined at least in rodents to the subependymal zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. During neurogenesis, a combination of extrinsic cues interacting with temporal and regional intrinsic programs are thought to be critical for increasing neuronal diversity, but their underlying mechanisms need further elucidation. In this review, we discuss the recent findings in Drosophila and mammals on the types of cell division and cell interactions used by neural progenitors and stem cells to sustain neurogenesis, and how they are influenced by glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Morante
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
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12
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Abdel-Hamid S, Al-Qabandi O, N.A.S. E, Bassyouni M, Zoromba M, Abdel-Aziz M, Mira H, Y. E. Fabrication and Characterization of Microcellular Polyurethane Sisal Biocomposites. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244585. [PMID: 31847377 PMCID: PMC6943674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, microcellular polyurethane (PU)-natural fiber (NF) biocomposites were fabricated. Polyurethanes based on castor oil and PMDI were synthesized with varying volume ratios of sisal fiber. The effect of natural fiber treatment using water and alkaline solution (1.5% NaOH) and load effect were investigated. Biocomposites were mechanically and physically investigated using tensile, viscoelasticity, and water absorption tests. The interfacial adhesion between PU and sisal fiber was studied using SEM. Short NF loads (3%) showed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the PU-sisal composite such as modulus of elasticity, yield and tensile strength up to 133%, 14.35 % and 36.7% respectively. Viscoelastic measurements showed that the composites exhibit an elastic trend as the real compliance (J’) values were higher than those of the imaginary compliance (J’’). Increasing NF loads resulted in a decrease of J’. Applying variable temperatures (120–80 °C) caused an increase in the stiffness at different frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M.S. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, the Egyptian Academy for Engineering and Advanced Technology, Affiliated to Ministry of Military Production, Al Salam city 3056, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.A.-H.); or (M.B.); Tel.: +20-26-5792-10 (S.M.S.A.-H.); +20-11-5967-5357 (M.B.)
| | - O.A. Al-Qabandi
- EQUATE Petrochemicals Company, P.O. Box 91717, Ahmadi 61008, Kuwait;
| | - Elminshawy. N.A.S.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad 42526, Egypt (E.Y.)
| | - M. Bassyouni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Materials Science Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.A.-H.); or (M.B.); Tel.: +20-26-5792-10 (S.M.S.A.-H.); +20-11-5967-5357 (M.B.)
| | - M.S. Zoromba
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; or
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port-Said 42521, Egypt
| | - M.H. Abdel-Aziz
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia; or
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - H. Mira
- Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo 11381, Egypt;
| | - Elhenawy Y.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Fouad 42526, Egypt (E.Y.)
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13
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Abstract
The generation of new neurons is a lifelong process in many vertebrate species that provides an extra level of plasticity to several brain circuits. Frequently, neurogenesis in the adult brain is considered a continuation of earlier developmental processes as it relies in the persistence of neural stem cells, similar to radial glia, known as radial glia-like cells (RGLs). However, adult RGLs are not just leftovers of progenitors that remain in hidden niches in the brain after development has finished. Rather, they seem to be specified and set aside at specific times and places during embryonic and postnatal development. The adult RGLs present several cellular and molecular properties that differ from those observed in developmental radial glial cells such as an extended cell cycle length, acquisition of a quiescence state, a more restricted multipotency and distinct transcriptomic programs underlying those cellular processes. In this minireview, we will discuss the recent attempts to determine how, when and where are the adult RGLs specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixa V Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Casares-Crespo L, Calatayud-Baselga I, García-Corzo L, Mira H. On the Role of Basal Autophagy in Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:339. [PMID: 30349462 PMCID: PMC6187079 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain due to the existence of neural stem cell (NSC) reservoirs in defined niches, where they give rise to new neurons throughout life. Recent research has begun to address the implication of constitutive (basal) autophagy in the regulation of neurogenesis in the mature brain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of autophagy-related genes in modulating adult NSCs, progenitor cells and their differentiation into neurons. The general function of autophagy in neurogenesis in several areas of the embryonic forebrain is also revisited. During development, basal autophagy regulates Wnt and Notch signaling and is mainly required for adequate neuronal differentiation. The available data in the adult indicate that the autophagy-lysosomal pathway regulates adult NSC maintenance, the activation of quiescent NSCs, the survival of the newly born neurons and the timing of their maturation. Future research is warranted to validate the results of these pioneering studies, refine the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of NSCs and newborn neurons by autophagy throughout the life-span of mammals and provide significance to the autophagic process in adult neurogenesis-dependent behavioral tasks, in physiological and pathological conditions. These lines of research may have important consequences for our understanding of stem cell dysfunction and neurogenic decline during healthy aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Casares-Crespo
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Isabel Calatayud-Baselga
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, València, Spain
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15
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Moreno M, Pedrosa L, Paré L, Pineda E, Bejarano L, Martínez J, Balasubramaniyan V, Ezhilarasan R, Kallarackal N, Kim SH, Wang J, Audia A, Conroy S, Marin M, Ribalta T, Pujol T, Herreros A, Tortosa A, Mira H, Alonso MM, Gómez-Manzano C, Graus F, Sulman EP, Piao X, Nakano I, Prat A, Bhat KP, de la Iglesia N. GPR56/ADGRG1 Inhibits Mesenchymal Differentiation and Radioresistance in Glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2183-2197. [PMID: 29166609 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A mesenchymal transition occurs both during the natural evolution of glioblastoma (GBM) and in response to therapy. Here, we report that the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR56/ADGRG1, inhibits GBM mesenchymal differentiation and radioresistance. GPR56 is enriched in proneural and classical GBMs and is lost during their transition toward a mesenchymal subtype. GPR56 loss of function promotes mesenchymal differentiation and radioresistance of glioma initiating cells both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, a low GPR56-associated signature is prognostic of a poor outcome in GBM patients even within non-G-CIMP GBMs. Mechanistically, we reveal GPR56 as an inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thereby providing the rationale by which this receptor prevents mesenchymal differentiation and radioresistance. A pan-cancer analysis suggests that GPR56 might be an inhibitor of the mesenchymal transition across multiple tumor types beyond GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Pedrosa
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Paré
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Pineda
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Bejarano
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Martínez
- Department of Basic Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ravesanker Ezhilarasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Naveen Kallarackal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Alessandra Audia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siobhan Conroy
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Marin
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ribalta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Human and Experimental Functional Oncomorphology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Pujol
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Herreros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Department of Basic Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Biomedicine Institute of València (IBV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), València, Spain
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Candelaria Gómez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesc Graus
- Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xianhua Piao
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Aleix Prat
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Núria de la Iglesia
- Glioma and Neural Stem Cell Group, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Team, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mira
- Stem Cells and Aging Unit, Instituto deBiomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Cortegano I, Rodríguez M, Martín I, Prado MC, Ruíz C, Hortigüela R, Alía M, Vilar M, Mira H, Cano E, Domínguez M, de Andrés B, Gaspar ML. Altered marginal zone and innate-like B cells in aged senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice with defective IgG1 responses. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3000. [PMID: 28817118 PMCID: PMC5596542 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging has a strong impact on the activity of the immune system, enhancing susceptibility to pathogens and provoking a predominant pre-inflammatory status, whereas dampening responses to vaccines in humans and mice. Here, we demonstrate a loss of marginal zone B lymphocytes (MZ, CD19+CD45R+CD21++CD23lo) and a decrease of naive B cells (CD19+IgD+), whereas there is an enhancement of a CD19+CD45Rlo innate-like B cell population (B1REL) and the so-called aged B cell compartment (ABC, CD45R+CD21loCD23loCD5−CD11b−) in aged senescence-accelerated (SAMP8) mice but not in aged senescence-resistant (SAMR1) mice. These changes in aged SAMP8 mice were associated with lower IgG isotype levels, displaying low variable gene usage repertoires of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH) diversity, with a diminution on IgG1-memory B cells (CD11b−Gr1−CD138−IgM−IgD−CD19+CD38+IgG1+), an increase in T follicular helper (TFH, CD4+CXCR5+PD1+) cell numbers, and an altered MOMA-1 (metallophilic macrophages) band in primary follicles. LPS-mediated IgG1 responses were impaired in the B1REL and ABC cell compartments, both in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate the prominent changes to different B cell populations and in structural follicle organization that occur upon aging in SAMP8 mice. These novel results raise new questions regarding the importance of the cellular distribution in the B cell layers, and their effector functions needed to mount a coordinated and effective humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cortegano
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Martín
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Prado
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Ruíz
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Hortigüela
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Alía
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Eva Cano
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Gaspar
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Caldeira I, Santos R, Ricardo-da-Silva JM, Anjos O, Mira H, Belchior AP, Canas S. Kinetics of odorant compounds in wine brandies aged in different systems. Food Chem 2016; 211:937-46. [PMID: 27283715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The odorants compounds of aged wine brandies comprise compounds deriving from the wood, from the distillate and from the reactions that occur inside the barrel. The aim of this work was to study the kinetics of the odorant compounds of a wine brandy during two years of ageing in two ageing systems. The odorant compounds in the analysed brandies changed significantly over the time, but with different evolution patterns. The wood related compounds increased over time, with the highest increase in the first months of ageing. The kinetics of cis, trans-β-methyl-γ-octalactone, acetovanillone and of seven volatile phenols are established for the first time in brandies. Moreover, a significant effect of the ageing system was found on the kinetics of the wood related compounds. These results pointed out the interest of these compounds as a tool to discriminate different ageing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Caldeira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoínha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Rui Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoínha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Laboratório Ferreira Lapa (Sector de Enologia), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Ricardo-da-Silva
- Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Laboratório Ferreira Lapa (Sector de Enologia), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Mira
- Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agrária, Apartado 310, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
| | - A Pedro Belchior
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoínha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Sara Canas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoínha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
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19
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Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the anterolateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus are the two main regions of the adult mammalian brain in which neurogenesis is maintained throughout life. Because alterations in adult neurogenesis appear to be a common hallmark of different neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling adult neurogenesis is a focus of active research. Neurotrophic factors are a family of molecules that play critical roles in the survival and differentiation of neurons during development and in the control of neural plasticity in the adult. Several neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors have been implicated in the regulation of adult neurogenesis at different levels. Here, we review the current understanding of neurotrophin modulation of adult neurogenesis in both the SVZ and SGZ. We compile data supporting a variety of roles for neurotrophins/neurotrophin receptors in different scenarios, including both expected and unexpected functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Vilar
- Neurodegeneration Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
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20
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Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is dynamically regulated by a tangled web of local signals emanating from the neural stem cell (NSC) microenvironment. Both soluble and membrane-bound niche factors have been identified as determinants of adult neurogenesis, including morphogens. Here, we review our current understanding of the role and mechanisms of short-range morphogen ligands from the Wnt, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) families in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. These morphogens are ideally suited to fine-tune stem-cell behavior, progenitor expansion, and differentiation, thereby influencing all stages of the neurogenesis process. We discuss cross talk between their signaling pathways and highlight findings of embryonic development that provide a relevant context for understanding neurogenesis in the adult brain. We also review emerging examples showing that the web of morphogens is in fact tightly linked to the regulation of neurogenesis by diverse physiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshik Choe
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UCSF Institute for Regeneration Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UCSF Institute for Regeneration Medicine, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Helena Mira
- Chronic Disease Programme, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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Andreu Z, Khan MA, González-Gómez P, Negueruela S, Hortigüela R, San Emeterio J, Ferrón SR, Martínez G, Vidal A, Fariñas I, Lie DC, Mira H. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 kip1 regulates radial stem cell quiescence and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Stem Cells 2015; 33:219-29. [PMID: 25185890 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory protein (CIP)/kinase-inhibitory protein (KIP) family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors regulate proliferation and cell cycle exit of mammalian cells. In the adult brain, the CIP/KIP protein p27(kip1) has been related to the regulation of intermediate progenitor cells located in neurogenic niches. Here, we uncover a novel function of p27(kip1) in the adult hippocampus as a dual regulator of stem cell quiescence and of cell-cycle exit of immature neurons. In vivo, p27(kip1) is detected in radial stem cells expressing SOX2 and in newborn neurons of the dentate gyrus. In vitro, the Cdkn1b gene encoding p27(kip1) is transcriptionally upregulated by quiescence signals such as BMP4. The nuclear accumulation of p27(kip1) protein in adult hippocampal stem cells encompasses the BMP4-induced quiescent state and its overexpression is able to block proliferation. p27(kip1) is also expressed in immature neurons upon differentiation of adult hippocampal stem cell cultures. Loss of p27(kip1) leads to an increase in proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus, which results from both a decrease in the percentage of radial stem cells that are quiescent and a delay in cell cycle exit of immature neurons. Analysis of animals carrying a disruption in the cyclin-CDK interaction domain of p27(kip1) indicates that the CDK inhibitory function of the protein is necessary to control the activity of radial stem cells. Thus, we report that p27(kip1) acts as a central player of the molecular program that keeps adult hippocampal stem cells out of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoraida Andreu
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, UFIEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
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22
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Castro-Garcia P, Díaz-Moreno M, Gil-Gas C, Fernández-Gómez FJ, Honrubia-Gómez P, Álvarez-Simón CB, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Cano JCC, Almeida F, Blanco V, Jordán J, Mira H, Ramírez-Castillejo C. Defects in subventricular zone pigmented epithelium-derived factor niche signaling in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8. FASEB J 2015; 29:1480-92. [PMID: 25636741 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-244442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied potential changes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cell niche of the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAM-P8) aging model. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays with longtime survival revealed a lower number of label-retaining stem cells in the SAM-P8 SVZ compared with the SAM-Resistant 1 (SAM-R1) control strain. We also found that in SAM-P8 niche signaling is attenuated and the stem cell pool is less responsive to the self-renewal niche factor pigmented epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Protein analysis demonstrated stable amounts of the PEDF ligand in the SAM-P8 SVZ niche; however, SAM-P8 stem cells present a significant expression decrease of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2, a receptor for PEDF (PNPLA2-PEDF) receptor, but not of laminin receptor (LR), a receptor for PEDF (LR-PEDF) receptor. We observed changes in self-renewal related genes (hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes5), Sox2] and report that although these genes are down-regulated in SAM-P8, differentiation genes (Pax6) are up-regulated and neurogenesis is increased. Finally, sheltering mammalian telomere complexes might be also involved given a down-regulation of telomeric repeat binding factor 1 (Terf1) expression was observed in SAM-P8 at young age periods. Differences between these 2 models, SAM-P8 and SAM-R1 controls, have been previously detected at more advanced ages. We now describe alterations in the PEDF signaling pathway and stem cell self-renewal at a very young age, which could be involved in the premature senescence observed in the SAM-P8 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castro-Garcia
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - María Díaz-Moreno
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil-Gas
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fernández-Gómez
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Paloma Honrubia-Gómez
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Carmen Belén Álvarez-Simón
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Sánchez
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Castillo Cano
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Francisco Almeida
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Vicente Blanco
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Joaquín Jordán
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- *Laboratorio de Células Madre, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Area de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, and Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain; and Departamento Estadística, I. O. y Computación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canarias, Spain
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Moreno-EstellÉs M, GonzÁlez-Gómez P, Hortigüela R, Díaz-Moreno M, San Emeterio J, AL C, FariÑas I, Mira H. Symmetric Expansion of Neural Stem Cells from the Adult Olfactory Bulb Is Driven by Astrocytes Via WNT7A. Stem Cells 2012; 30:2796-809. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Proescholdt MA, Merrill MJ, Stoerr EM, Lohmeier A, Brawanski A, Sim H, Hu B, Pineda CA, Yoon SO, Viapiano MS, Rajappa P, Cobb WS, Huang Y, Lyden DC, Bromberg J, Greenfield JP, Li M, Mukasa A, Inda MDM, Zhang J, Chin L, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Zheng PP, van der Weiden M, van der Spek PJ, Vincent AJ, Kros JM, Fathallah-Shaykh HM, Saut O, Lagaert JB, Colin T, Fathallah-Shaykh HM, Araysi L, Tang Z, Duck KA, Ponnuru P, Neely EB, Connor JR, Esencay M, Gonzalez P, Gaziel A, Safraz Y, Mira H, Hernando E, Zagzag D, McDermott RA, Ulasov I, Kaverina N, Gabikian P, Lesniak M, Iranmahboob A, Haber M, Esencay M, Fatterpekar G, Raz E, Placantonakis D, Zagzag D, Eoli M, Rabascio C, Cuppini L, Anghileri E, Pellegatta S, Calleri A, Mancuso P, Porrati P, Bertolini F, Finocchiaro G, Seals DF, Burger KL, Gibo DM, Debinski W, Esencay M, Zagzag D, Tran NL, Tuncali S, Kloss J, Yang Z, Schumacher CA, Diegel C, Ross JT, Williams BO, Eschbacher JM, Loftus JC, Whiteman M, Dombovy-Johnson M, Vangellow A, Liu Y, Carson-Walter E, Walter KA, Liu Y, Carson-Walter E, Walter K, Cortes-Santiago N, Gabrusiewicz K, Liu D, Hossain MB, Gumin J, Fan X, Conrad C, Aldape K, Gilbert M, Raghunathan A, Yung WKA, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Bae E, Huang P, Burgett M, Muller-Greven G, Kar N, Gladson CL, Engler JR, Robinson AE, Molinaro A, Phillips JJ, Zadeh G, Burrell K, Hill R, Piao Y, Liang J, Henry V, Holmes L, Sulman E, deGroot JF, Piao Y, Liang J, Henry V, Holmes L, de Groot JF, Rong W, Funato K, Georgala P, Shimizu F, Droms L, Tabar V, Parker JJ, Dionne KR, Massarwa R, Klaassen M, Foreman NK, Niswander L, Canoll P, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Waziri A. LAB-ANGIOGENESIS AND INVASION. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Moreno‐Estellés M, Díaz‐Moreno M, González‐Gómez P, Andreu Z, Mira H. Single and Dual Birthdating Procedures for Assessing the Response of Adult Neural Stem Cells to the Infusion of a Soluble Factor Using Halogenated Thymidine Analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 2:Unit 2D.10. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc02d10s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Moreno‐Estellés
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - María Díaz‐Moreno
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar González‐Gómez
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Zoraida Andreu
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Helena Mira
- Unidad de Neurobiología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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Mira H, Andreu Z, Suh H, Lie DC, Jessberger S, Consiglio A, San Emeterio J, Hortigüela R, Marqués-Torrejón MA, Nakashima K, Colak D, Götz M, Fariñas I, Gage FH. Signaling through BMPR-IA regulates quiescence and long-term activity of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 7:78-89. [PMID: 20621052 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus divide infrequently, and the molecules that modulate their quiescence are largely unknown. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is active in hippocampal NSCs, downstream of BMPR-IA. BMPs reversibly diminish proliferation of cultured NSCs while maintaining their undifferentiated state. In vivo, acute blockade of BMP signaling in the hippocampus by intracerebral infusion of Noggin first recruits quiescent NSCs into the cycle and increases neurogenesis; subsequently, it leads to decreased stem cell division and depletion of precursors and newborn neurons. Consistently, selective ablation of Bmpr1a in hippocampal NSCs, or inactivation of BMP canonical signaling in conditional Smad4 knockout mice, transiently enhances proliferation but later leads to a reduced number of precursors, thereby limiting neuronal birth. BMPs are therefore required to balance NSC quiescence/proliferation and to prevent loss of the stem cell activity that supports continuous neurogenesis in the mature hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mira
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Edman LC, Mira H, Arenas E. Corrigendum to “The β-chemokines CCL2 and CCL7 are two novel differentiation factors for midbrain dopaminergic precursors and neurons” [Exp. Cell Res. 314 (2008), pp. 2123–2130]. Exp Cell Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Edman LC, Mira H, Erices A, Malmersjö S, Andersson E, Uhlén P, Arenas E. Alpha-chemokines regulate proliferation, neurogenesis, and dopaminergic differentiation of ventral midbrain precursors and neurospheres. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1891-900. [PMID: 18436867 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that alpha-chemokines serve several important functions in the nervous system, including regulation of neuroimmune responses, neurotransmission, neuronal survival, and central nervous system development. In this study, we first examined the function of two alpha-chemokines, chemokine ligand (CXCL) 6 and CXCL8, and their receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, in the developing rat ventral midbrain (VM). We found that CXCR2 and CXCL6 are regulated during VM development and that CXCL6 promotes the differentiation of nurr77-related receptor (Nurr1)+ precursors into dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro. Intriguingly, CXCL8, a ligand expressed only in Homo sapiens, enhanced progenitor cell division, neurogenesis, and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cell number in rodent precursor and neurosphere cultures. CXCL1, the murine ortholog of CXCL8, was developmentally regulated in the VM and exhibited activities similar but not identical to those of CXCL8. TH+ cells derived from chemokine-treated VM neurospheres coexpressed Nurr1 and VMAT and were functionally active, as shown by calcium (Ca(2+)) fluxes in response to AMPA. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that CXCL1, CXCL6, and CXCL8 increase the number of DA neurons in VM precursor and neurosphere cultures by diverse mechanisms. Thus, alpha-chemokines may find an application in the preparation of cells for drug development or Parkinson's disease cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Edman
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles väg 1, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Edman LC, Mira H, Arenas E. The beta-chemokines CCL2 and CCL7 are two novel differentiation factors for midbrain dopaminergic precursors and neurons. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:2123-30. [PMID: 18420193 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
beta-chemokines are secreted factors that regulate diverse functions in the adult brain, such as neuro-immune responses and neurotransmission, but their function in the developing brain is largely unknown. We recently found that the orphan nuclear receptor, Nurr1, up regulates CCL2 and CCL7 in neural stem cells, suggesting a possible function of beta-chemokines in midbrain development. Here we report that two beta-chemokines, CCL2 and CCL7, and two of their receptors, CCR1 and CCR2, are expressed and developmentally regulated in the ventral midbrain (VM). Moreover, we found that the expression of CCL7 was down regulated in the Nurr1 knockout mice, linking CCL7 to dopamine (DA) neuron development. When the function of CCL2 and CCL7 was examined, we found that they selectively enhanced the differentiation of Nurr1+ precursors into DA neurons, but not their survival or progenitor proliferation in primary precursor cultures. Moreover, both CCL2 and CCL7 promoted neuritogenesis in midbrain DA neuron cultures. Thus, our results show for the first time a function of beta-chemokines in the developing brain and identify beta-chemokines as novel class of pro-differentiation factors for midbrain DA neurons. These data also suggest that beta-chemokines may become useful tools to enhance the differentiation of DA cell preparations for cell replacement therapy and drug discovery in Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Edman
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles väg 1, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ferron SR, Andreu-Agullo C, Mira H, Sanchez P, Marques-Torrejon MA, Farinas I. A combined ex/in vivo assay to detect effects of exogenously added factors in neural stem cells. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:849-859. [PMID: 17474182 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a protocol developed/modified by our group for the ex vivo and in vivo assessment of the response to a soluble factor of murine neural stem cells from the adult sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). The procedure includes several experimental options that can be used either independently or in combination. Potential factor effects on self-renewal, survival and proliferation are assayed by means of neurosphere cultures, with the factor administered directly in vitro to the culture plates (Step 1) or infused in vivo immediately before tissue dissociation (Step 3). We also use bromodeoxiuridine (BrdU) retention to label slowly dividing cells in vivo and subsequently perform two different types of experiments. In one set of experiments, the factor is added to primary cultures of stem cells obtained from the BrdU-pulsed animals and effects are tested on label-retaining cells after immunocytochemistry (Step 2). In another set, prolonged intraventricular infusion of the factor in BrdU-pulsed animals is followed by immunohistochemical analysis of BrdU labeling in the intact SVZ (Step 4). The minimum estimated time for the full combined procedure is 45 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacri R Ferron
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia (UVEG), 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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31
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Puig S, Mira H, Dorcey E, Sancenón V, Andrés-Colás N, Garcia-Molina A, Burkhead JL, Gogolin KA, Abdel-Ghany SE, Thiele DJ, Ecker JR, Pilon M, Peñarrubia L. Higher plants possess two different types of ATX1-like copper chaperones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 354:385-90. [PMID: 17223078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) chaperones constitute a family of small Cu+-binding proteins required for Cu homeostasis in eukaryotes. The ATX1 family of Cu chaperones specifically delivers Cu to heavy metal P-type ATPases. The plant Arabidopsis thaliana expresses the ATX1-like Cu chaperone CCH, which exhibits a plant-specific carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) with unique structural properties. We show that CCH homologues from other higher plants contain CTDs with structural properties similar to Arabidopsis CCH. Furthermore, we identify a new ATX1-like Cu chaperone in Arabidopsis, AtATX1, which functionally complements yeast atx1Delta and sod1Delta associated phenotypes, and localizes to the cytosol of Arabidopsis cells. Interestingly, AtATX1, but not full-length CCH, interacts in vivo with the Arabidopsis RAN1 Cu-transporting P-type ATPase by yeast two-hybrid. We propose that higher plants express two types of ATX1-like Cu chaperones: the ATX1-type with a predominant function in Cu delivery to P-type ATPases, and the CCH-type with additional CTD-mediated plant-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Puig
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Av. Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Sousa KM, Mira H, Hall AC, Jansson-Sjöstrand L, Kusakabe M, Arenas E. Microarray analyses support a role for Nurr1 in resistance to oxidative stress and neuronal differentiation in neural stem cells. Stem Cells 2006; 25:511-9. [PMID: 17038671 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nurr1 is an orphan nuclear receptor required for the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. To better understand the molecular consequences of Nurr1 expression, we compared the transcriptomes of two independent control and Nurr1-expressing NSC lines using Affymetrix cDNA microarrays. These data reveal the regulation of genes involved in promoting cell survival (trophic/growth factors and stress response genes) and in preventing cell death (decreased caspase-3 and caspase-11 expression). We found that conditioned medium from Nurr1-expressing NSC lines enhanced the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in primary cultures and that Nurr1-expressing NSC lines themselves were more resistant to oxidative stress. These findings are accompanied by a dynamic pattern of gene regulation that is consistent with a role for Nurr1 in promoting both the acquisition of brain-region-specific identity (Engrailed-1) and neuronal differentiation (tubulin beta III). Interestingly, our gene expression profiles suggested that tenascin-C was regulated by Nurr1 in developing dopaminergic neurons. This was further confirmed in vitro and in Nurr1 knockout mice where low levels of tenascin-C mRNA were observed. Analysis of tenascin-C-null mice revealed an increase in the number of Nurr1(+) cells that become tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH(+)) dopaminergic neurons at embryonic day 11.5, suggesting that tenascin-C normally delays the acquisition of TH by Nurr1(+) precursors. Thus, our results confirm the presence of both secreted and cell-intrinsic survival signals modulated by Nurr1 and suggest that Nurr1 is a key regulator of both survival and dopaminergic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vilar M, Murillo-Carretero M, Mira H, Magnusson K, Besset V, Ibáñez CF. Bex1, a novel interactor of the p75 neurotrophin receptor, links neurotrophin signaling to the cell cycle. EMBO J 2006; 25:1219-30. [PMID: 16498402 PMCID: PMC1422154 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A screening for intracellular interactors of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) identified brain-expressed X-linked 1 (Bex1), a small adaptor-like protein of unknown function. Bex1 levels oscillated during the cell cycle, and preventing the normal cycling and downregulation of Bex1 in PC12 cells sustained cell proliferation under conditions of growth arrest, and inhibited neuronal differentiation in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). Neuronal differentiation of precursors isolated from the brain subventricular zone was also reduced by ectopic Bex1. In PC12 cells, Bex1 overexpression inhibited the induction of NF-kappaB activity by NGF without affecting activation of Erk1/2 and AKT, while Bex1 knockdown accelerated neuronal differentiation and potentiated NF-kappaB activity in response to NGF. Bex1 competed with RIP2 for binding to the p75NTR intracellular domain, and elevating RIP2 levels restored the ability of cells overexpressing Bex1 to differentiate in response to NGF. Together, these data establish Bex1 as a novel link between neurotrophin signaling, the cell cycle, and neuronal differentiation, and suggest that Bex1 may function by coordinating internal cellular states with the ability of cells to respond to external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Vilar
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Mira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kalle Magnusson
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerie Besset
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos F Ibáñez
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Berzelius väg 35, Box 285, Stockholm 17177, Sweden. Tel.: +46 8 524 87660; Fax: +46 8 33 9548; E-mail:
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Ramírez-Castillejo C, Sánchez-Sánchez F, Andreu-Agulló C, Ferrón SR, Aroca-Aguilar JD, Sánchez P, Mira H, Escribano J, Fariñas I. Pigment epithelium-derived factor is a niche signal for neural stem cell renewal. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9:331-9. [PMID: 16491078 DOI: 10.1038/nn1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are characterized by self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, and these properties seem to be regulated by signals from adjacent differentiated cell types and by extracellular matrix molecules, which collectively define the stem cell "niche." Self-renewal is essential for the lifelong persistence of stem cells, but its regulation is poorly understood. In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis persists in two germinal areas, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampus, where continuous postnatal neuronal production seems to be supported by neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we show that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is secreted by components of the murine SVZ and promotes self-renewal of adult NSCs in vitro. In addition, intraventricular PEDF infusion activated slowly dividing stem cells, whereas a blockade of endogenous PEDF decreased their cycling. These data demonstrate that PEDF is a niche-derived regulator of adult NSCs and provide evidence for a role for PEDF protein in NSC maintenance.
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Kele J, Simplicio N, Ferri ALM, Mira H, Guillemot F, Arenas E, Ang SL. Neurogenin 2 is required for the development of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Development 2006; 133:495-505. [PMID: 16410412 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proneural genes are crucial regulators of neurogenesis and subtype specification in many areas of the nervous system; however, their function in dopaminergic neuron development is unknown. We report that proneural genes have an intricate pattern of expression in the ventricular zone of the ventral midbrain, where mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons are generated. Neurogenin 2(Ngn2) and Mash1 are expressed in the ventral midline, while Ngn1, Ngn2 and Mash1 are co-localized more laterally in the ventricular zone. Ngn2 is also expressed in an intermediate zone immediately adjacent to the ventricular zone at the ventral midline. To examine the function of these genes, we analyzed mutant mice in which one or two of these genes were deleted (Ngn1, Ngn2 and Mash1) or substituted (Mash1 in the Ngn2 locus). Our results demonstrate that Ngn2 is required for the differentiation of Sox2+ ventricular zone progenitors into Nurr1+postmitotic dopaminergic neuron precursors in the intermediate zone, and that it is also likely to be required for their subsequent differentiation into tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons in the marginal zone. Although Mash1 normally has no detectable function in dopaminergic neuron development, it could partially rescue the generation of dopaminergic neuron precursors in the absence of Ngn2. These results demonstrate that Ngn2 is uniquely required for the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kele
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, MBB, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius building A1, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lie DC, Colamarino SA, Song HJ, Désiré L, Mira H, Consiglio A, Lein ES, Jessberger S, Lansford H, Dearie AR, Gage FH. Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nature 2005; 437:1370-5. [PMID: 16251967 DOI: 10.1038/nature04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1138] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The generation of new neurons from neural stem cells is restricted to two regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In both regions, signals provided by the microenvironment regulate the maintenance, proliferation and neuronal fate commitment of the local stem cell population. The identity of these signals is largely unknown. Here we show that adult hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPs) express receptors and signalling components for Wnt proteins, which are key regulators of neural stem cell behaviour in embryonic development. We also show that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is active and that Wnt3 is expressed in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Overexpression of Wnt3 is sufficient to increase neurogenesis from AHPs in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, blockade of Wnt signalling reduces neurogenesis from AHPs in vitro and abolishes neurogenesis almost completely in vivo. Our data show that Wnt signalling is a principal regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and provide evidence that Wnt proteins have a role in adult hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter-Chichung Lie
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Ferrón S, Mira H, Franco S, Cano-Jaimez M, Bellmunt E, Ramírez C, Fariñas I, Blasco MA. Telomere shortening and chromosomal instability abrogates proliferation of adult but not embryonic neural stem cells. Development 2004; 131:4059-70. [PMID: 15269166 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome integrity is essential for cell viability and, therefore, highly proliferative cell types require active telomere elongation mechanisms to grow indefinitely. Consistently, deletion of telomerase activity in a genetically modified mouse strain results in growth impairments in all highly proliferative cell populations analyzed so far. We show that telomere attrition dramatically impairs the in vitro proliferation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of telomerase-deficient adult mice. Reduced proliferation of postnatal neurogenic progenitors was also observed in vivo, in the absence of exogenous mitogenic stimulation. Strikingly, severe telomere erosion resulting in chromosomal abnormalities and nuclear accumulation of p53 did not affect the in vitro proliferative potential of embryonic NSCs. These results suggest that intrinsic differences exist between embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells in their response to telomere shortening, and that some populations of tissue-specific stem cells can bypass DNA damage check points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacri Ferrón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Mira H, Vilar M, Esteve V, Martinell M, Kogan MJ, Giralt E, Salom D, Mingarro I, Peñarrubia L, Pérez-Payá E. Ionic self-complementarity induces amyloid-like fibril formation in an isolated domain of a plant copper metallochaperone protein. BMC Struct Biol 2004; 4:7. [PMID: 15180901 PMCID: PMC425589 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Arabidopsis thaliana copper metallochaperone CCH is a functional homologue of yeast antioxidant ATX1, involved in cytosolic copper transport. In higher plants, CCH has to be transported to specialised cells through plasmodesmata, being the only metallochaperone reported to date that leaves the cell where it is synthesised. CCH has two different domains, the N-terminal domain conserved among other copper-metallochaperones and a C-terminal domain absent in all the identified non-plant metallochaperones. The aim of the present study was the biochemical and biophysical characterisation of the C-terminal domain of the copper metallochaperone CCH. Results The conformational behaviour of the isolated C-domain in solution is complex and implies the adoption of mixed conformations in different environments. The ionic self-complementary peptide KTEAETKTEAKVDAKADVE, derived from the C-domain of CCH, adopts and extended conformation in solution with a high content in β-sheet structure that induces a pH-dependent fibril formation. Freeze drying electron microscopy studies revealed the existence of well ordered amyloid-like fibrils in preparations from both the C-domain and its derivative peptide. Conclusion A number of proteins related with copper homeostasis have a high tendency to form fibrils. The determinants for fibril formation, as well as the possible physiological role are not fully understood. Here we show that the plant exclusive C-domain of the copper metallochaperone CCH has conformational plasticity and forms fibrils at defined experimental conditions. The putative influence of these properties with plant copper delivery will be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mira
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València. E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València. E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Vicent Esteve
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València. E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Marc Martinell
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (IRBB-PCB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (IRBB-PCB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (IRBB-PCB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Salom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA. Current address: Novasite Pharmaceuticals, 11095 Flintkote Ave., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ismael Mingarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València. E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Lola Peñarrubia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València. E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Payá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València. E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Fundación Valenciana de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC. E-46010 València, Spain
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Abstract
Radial glia (RG) are the first glial cell type to appear in the nervous system. Their broad distribution and apparent similarity hide important brain region-specific differences that are likely to be essential for development. However, recent evidence supports the stimulating concept that in addition to their classical function as neuroblast guides, RG are neuronal precursors (Malatesta et al. Development 127:5253-5263, 2000; Miyata et al. Neuron 31:727-741, 2001; Noctor et al. Nature 409:714-720, 2001; Skogh et al. Mol Cell Neurosci 17:811-820, 2001). We propose that RG not only generate and guide newborn neurons, but could also instruct their own neuronal progeny to adopt appropriate region-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Hall
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, MBB, Retzius Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Mira
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, MBB, Retzius Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Wagner
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, MBB, Retzius Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, MBB, Retzius Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Despite copper ions being crucial in proteins participating in plant processes such as electron transport, free-radical elimination and hormone perception and signaling, very little is known about copper inward transport across plant membranes. In this work, a five-member family (COPT1-5) of putative Arabidopsis copper transporters is described. We ascertain the ability of these proteins to functionally complement and transport copper in the corresponding Saccharomyces cerevisiae high-affinity copper transport mutant. The specific expression pattern of the Arabidopsis COPT1-5 mRNA in different tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR. Although all members are ubiquitously expressed, differences in their relative abundance in roots, leaves, stem and flowers have been observed. Moreover, steady-state COPT1 and COPT2 mRNA levels, the members that are most efficacious in complementing the S. cerevisiae high-affinity copper transport mutant, are down-regulated under copper excess, consistent with a role for these proteins in copper transport in Arabidopsis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Sancenón
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, València, 46100 Spain
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Mira H, Martínez N, Peñarrubia L. Expression of a vegetative-storage-protein gene from Arabidopsis is regulated by copper, senescence and ozone. Planta 2002; 214:939-946. [PMID: 11941471 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-001-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2001] [Accepted: 09/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that the mechanisms regulating plant copper homeostasis could be implicated in stress and senescence signal transduction pathways. To gain insight into copper-modulated patterns of gene expression, copper-treated Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants were analysed by mRNA differential display. The experimental conditions were selected using aggregation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) as a molecular sensor to monitor copper-induced oxidative stress. Two copper-induced messengers encoding a vegetative storage protein (VSP2) were isolated by this technique. Both clones differed in the length of their 3'-untranslated region according to the presence of two polyadenylation signals in this region. VSP2 expression was further studied under natural senescence and various conditions causing oxidative stress, such as ozone exposure, paraquat and H2O2 treatments. The expression of other messengers related to copper homeostasis and detoxification processes was followed in parallel to that of VSP2. Here, we describe specific gene-expression responses to copper treatment, and present arguments connecting copper homeostasis, senescence and antioxidative responses in plants. Our results are consistent with the role of VSPs as temporary nitrogen-storage proteins which accumulate if nutrients are abundant, either in developing organs or in cotyledons and mature leaves subjected to generalized protein mobilization, such as those conditions created under severe oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mira
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
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Mira H, Vilar M, Pérez-Payá E, Peñarrubia L. Functional and conformational properties of the exclusive C-domain from the Arabidopsis copper chaperone (CCH). Biochem J 2001; 357:545-9. [PMID: 11439106 PMCID: PMC1221983 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3570545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana copper chaperone (CCH) is a small copper binding protein involved in copper trafficking. When compared to homologues from other eukaryotes, CCH has two different domains; the conserved N-domain and the plant-exclusive C-domain, a C-terminal extension with an unusual amino-acid composition. In order to characterize this extra C-domain, the CCH protein, the N-domain and the C-domain were all expressed separately in heterologous systems. While the N-domain retained the copper chaperone and antioxidant properties described for the yeast Atx1 and human HAH1 counterparts, the C-domain displayed particular structural properties that would be necessary to optimize copper homoeostasis in plant cells where it could be responsible for the metallochaperone plant-exclusive intercellular transport. The whole CCH protein and the C-domain, but not the N-domain, displayed altered SDS/PAGE mobilities. CD spectroscopy showed that the N-domain fold is representative of an alpha/beta protein, while the C-domain adopts an extended conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mira
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Avda. Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Abstract
Arabidopsis copper chaperone (CCH) belongs to a family of eukaryotic proteins that participates in intracellular copper homeostasis by delivering this metal to the secretory pathway. In this work we show that the CCH protein is mainly located along the vascular bundles of senescing leaves and petioles, as shown by tissue prints and immunohistochemical detection. CCH protein also accumulates in stem sieve elements and is collected in phloem exudates. Accordingly, Arabidopsis CCH is the only member of the metallochaperone family described to function intercellularly to date. Moreover, the CCH protein remains stable when plants are subjected to excess copper that causes a rapid and specific decrease in its mRNA. These facts point to a role for CCH in copper mobilization from decaying organs towards reproductive structures, as a result of metalloprotein breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mira
- Deparment de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50 Burjassot 46100 València, Spain
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Himelblau E, Mira H, Lin SJ, Culotta VC, Peñarrubia L, Amasino RM. Identification of a functional homolog of the yeast copper homeostasis gene ATX1 from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 1998; 117:1227-34. [PMID: 9701579 PMCID: PMC34887 DOI: 10.1104/pp.117.4.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/1997] [Accepted: 04/30/1998] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding a homolog of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) gene Anti-oxidant 1 (ATX1) has been identified from Arabidopsis. This gene, referred to as Copper CHaperone (CCH), encodes a protein that is 36% identical to the amino acid sequence of ATX1 and has a 48-amino acid extension at the C-terminal end, which is absent from ATX1 homologs identified in animals. ATX1-deficient yeast (atx1) displayed a loss of high-affinity iron uptake. Expression of CCH in the atx1 strain restored high-affinity iron uptake, demonstrating that CCH is a functional homolog of ATX1. When overexpressed in yeast lacking the superoxide dismutase gene SOD1, both ATX1 and CCH protected the cell from the reactive oxygen toxicity that results from superoxide dismutase deficiency. CCH was unable to rescue the sod1 phenotype in the absence of copper, indicating that CCH function is copper dependent. In Arabidopsis CCH mRNA is present in the root, leaf, and inflorescence and is up-regulated 7-fold in leaves undergoing senescence. In plants treated with 800 nL/L ozone for 30 min, CCH mRNA levels increased by 30%. In excised leaves and whole plants treated with high levels of exogenous CuSO4, CCH mRNA levels decreased, indicating that CCH is regulated differently than characterized metallothionein proteins in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Himelblau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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