351
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Dai D, Prussin AJ, Marr LC, Vikesland PJ, Edwards MA, Pruden A. Factors Shaping the Human Exposome in the Built Environment: Opportunities for Engineering Control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7759-7774. [PMID: 28677960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The "exposome" is a term describing the summation of one's lifetime exposure to microbes and chemicals. Such exposures are now recognized as major drivers of human health and disease. Because humans spend ∼90% of their time indoors, the built environment exposome merits particular attention. Herein we utilize an engineering perspective to advance understanding of the factors that shape the built environment exposome and its influence on human wellness and disease, while simultaneously informing development of a framework for intentionally controlling the exposome to protect public health. Historically, engineers have been focused on controlling chemical and physical contaminants and on eradicating microbes; however, there is a growing awareness of the role of "beneficial" microbes. Here we consider the potential to selectively control the materials and chemistry of the built environment to positively influence the microbial and chemical components of the indoor exposome. Finally, we discuss research gaps that must be addressed to enable intentional engineering design, including the need to define a "healthy" built environment exposome and how to control it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Dai
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aaron J Prussin
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Peter J Vikesland
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Marc A Edwards
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Amy Pruden
- Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg Virginia 24061, United States
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352
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Kulkarni P, Olson ND, Raspanti GA, Rosenberg Goldstein RE, Gibbs SG, Sapkota A, Sapkota AR. Antibiotic Concentrations Decrease during Wastewater Treatment but Persist at Low Levels in Reclaimed Water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28635638 PMCID: PMC5486354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water has emerged as a potential irrigation solution to freshwater shortages. However, limited data exist on the persistence of antibiotics in reclaimed water used for irrigation. Therefore, we examined the fate of nine commonly-used antibiotics (ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, oxacillin, oxolinic acid, penicillin G, pipemidic acid, and tetracycline) in differentially treated wastewater and reclaimed water from two U.S. regions. We collected 72 samples from two Mid-Atlantic and two Midwest treatment plants, as well as one Mid-Atlantic spray irrigation site. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid-chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests and Kruskal Wallis tests. Overall, antibiotic concentrations in effluent samples were lower than that of influent samples. Mid-Atlantic plants had similar influent but lower effluent antibiotic concentrations compared to Midwest plants. Azithromycin was detected at the highest concentrations (of all antibiotics) in influent and effluent samples from both regions. For most antibiotics, transport from the treatment plant to the irrigation site resulted in no changes in antibiotic concentrations, and UV treatment at the irrigation site had no effect on antibiotic concentrations in reclaimed water. Our findings show that low-level antibiotic concentrations persist in reclaimed water used for irrigation; however, the public health implications are unclear at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Nathan D Olson
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, A.V. Williams Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Greg A Raspanti
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Rachel E Rosenberg Goldstein
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Shawn G Gibbs
- School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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353
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Mo WY, Chen Z, Leung HM, Leung AOW. Application of veterinary antibiotics in China's aquaculture industry and their potential human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8978-8989. [PMID: 26498964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
China contributes to more than 60 % of the global aquaculture production, and its aquaculture industry has become one of the main players in food security. A large amount of antibiotics is believed to be used in fish cultivation for ensuring adequate production. The use of antibiotics as disease control agents and growth promoter in aquaculture in China has raised significant concerns recently because of the potential threats to human health. The extensive use of antibiotics in aquaculture may result in water and sediment contamination and the development of antibiotic resistance genes. In this review, the role of aquaculture in antibiotic contamination of the environment as well as the emerging concern of antibiotic resistance genes in China is discussed. Based on this review, it has been concluded that more information regarding the types and quantities of antibiotics used by Chinese fish farmers is required. Studies about the contribution of antibiotic usage in aquaculture to environmental levels in surface water, their potential risks on environment and human health, and the existence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yin Mo
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanting Chen
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Man Leung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna Oi Wah Leung
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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354
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Furness LE, Campbell A, Zhang L, Gaze WH, McDonald RA. Wild small mammals as sentinels for the environmental transmission of antimicrobial resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:28-34. [PMID: 28013185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a serious threat to human health worldwide. We have tested the use of free-living small mammals (mice, voles and shrews) as sentinels of variation in the distribution of AMR in the environment and the potential for transmission from the natural environment to animal hosts. Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of small mammals trapped at paired coastal and inland sites were tested for resistance to four antibiotics: trimethoprim, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. Coastal individuals were over twice as likely to carry AMR E. coli than inland individuals (79% and 35% respectively), and both between-site and between-species variation was observed. Animals from coastal populations also excreted increased numbers of AMR E. coli and a greater diversity of E. coli phylotypes, including human-associated pathogenic strains. Small mammals appear to be useful bioindicators of fine-scale spatial variation in the distribution of AMR and, potentially, of the risks of AMR transmission to mammalian hosts, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Furness
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK; European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Amy Campbell
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Lihong Zhang
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - William H Gaze
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK.
| | - Robbie A McDonald
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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355
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Chamosa LS, Álvarez VE, Nardelli M, Quiroga MP, Cassini MH, Centrón D. Lateral Antimicrobial Resistance Genetic Transfer is active in the open environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:513. [PMID: 28364120 PMCID: PMC5428826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the environment has been viewed as a passive deposit of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, where bacteria show biological cost for maintenance of these genes. Thus, in the absence of antimicrobial pressure, it is expected that they disappear from environmental bacterial communities. To test this scenario, we studied native IntI1 functionality of 11 class 1 integron-positive environmental strains of distant genera collected in cold and subtropical forests of Argentina. We found natural competence and successful site-specific insertion with no significant fitness cost of both aadB and blaVIM-2 antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes, in a model system without antibiotic pressure. A bidirectional flow of antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes between natural and nosocomial habitats is proposed, which implies an active role of the open environment as a reservoir, recipient and source of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, outlining an environmental threat where novel concepts of rational use of antibiotics are extremely urgent and mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana S Chamosa
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica E Álvarez
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Nardelli
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Quiroga
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Cassini
- Grupo GEMA, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, IBYME, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones, Científicas y Tecnológicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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356
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Wang A, Zhao H, Chen X, Tan B, Zhang Y, Quan X. A colorimetric aptasensor for sulfadimethoxine detection based on peroxidase-like activity of graphene/nickel@palladium hybrids. Anal Biochem 2017; 525:92-99. [PMID: 28283448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, rapid and label-free colorimetric aptasensor for sulfadimethoxine (SDM) detection was developed based on the tunable peroxidase-like activity of graphene/nickel@palladium nanoparticle (Gr/Ni@Pd) hybrids. The addition of the SDM aptamer could inhibit the peroxidase-like catalytic activity of the hybrids. However, the target SDM and aptamer could be triggered tightly and recover the catalytic activity of the Gr/Ni@Pd hybrids. Due to the peroxidase-like catalytic activity, Gr/Ni@Pd could catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 with releasing hydroxyl radicals which further oxidized reagent 3, 3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to oxTMB accompanied with a colorless-to-blue color change. The original color change could be applied to obtain quantitative detection of SDM, due to the relationship between the concentration of the target and the color difference. As a result, this approach performed a linear response for SDM from 1 to 500 ng/mL with a limit detection of 0.7 ng/mL (S/N = 3) under the optimized conditions and realized the detection of SDM in spiked lake water samples. Therefore, this colorimetric aptasensor was an alternative assay for SDM detection in real water. Moreover, with its design principle, this work might be applied to detecting other small molecule by employing appropriate aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Xiaochi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian 116027, PR China.
| | - Bing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
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357
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Tien YC, Li B, Zhang T, Scott A, Murray R, Sabourin L, Marti R, Topp E. Impact of dairy manure pre-application treatment on manure composition, soil dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes, and abundance of antibiotic-resistance genes on vegetables at harvest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:32-39. [PMID: 28076772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manuring ground used for crop production is an important agricultural practice. Should antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria carried in the manure be transferred to crops that are consumed raw, their consumption by humans or animals will represent a route of exposure to antibiotic resistance genes. Treatment of manures prior to land application is a potential management option to reduce the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes entrained with manure application. In this study, dairy manure that was untreated, anaerobically digested, mechanically dewatered or composted was applied to field plots that were then cropped to lettuce, carrots and radishes. The impact of treatment on manure composition, persistence of antibiotic resistance gene targets in soil following application, and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria on vegetables at harvest was determined. Composted manure had the lowest abundance of antibiotic resistance gene targets compared to the other manures. There was no significant difference in the persistence characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes following land application of the various manures. Compared to unmanured soil, antibiotic resistance genes were detected more frequently in soil receiving raw or digested manure, whereas they were not in soil receiving composted manure. The present study suggests that vegetables grown in ground receiving raw or digested manure are at risk of contamination with manure-borne antibiotic resistant bacteria, whereas vegetables grown in ground receiving composted manure are less so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ching Tien
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Bing Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew Scott
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Roger Murray
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Romain Marti
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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358
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Kang Y, Hao Y, Xia D, Shen M, Li Q, Hu J. The effects of pig manure application on the spread of tetracycline resistance in bulk and cucumber rhizosphere soils: a greenhouse experiment. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:563-572. [PMID: 28222270 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is important to understand the dynamics of tetracycline-resistant bacteria (TRB) and tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) in bulk and rhizosphere soils for evaluating the spread of TRGs from pig manure to human. In this work, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the difference in abundance of TRB, tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli (TRE), tetracycline-resistant Pseudomonas spp. (TRP), and TRGs between bulk and cucumber rhizosphere soils. The application of pig manure resulted in the long-term persistence of TRB, TRE, TRP, and TRGs in bulk soil and rhizosphere of cucumber for at least 65 days. Pig manure application dose was the major driving force in altering the abundances of TRB and TRE, whereas TRP was disturbed mainly by compartment (bulk soil or rhizosphere). Both TRE and the percentage of TRE in bulk and rhizosphere soils increased linearly with an increase in dose of pig manure. The exponential relationships between pig manure dose and TRP along with TRP percentage were also noted. There were significant differences in the relative abundances of TRGs between bulk and cucumber rhizosphere soils, suggesting the use of pig manure exerted a more lasting impact on the spread of TRGs in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Kang
- a Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China.,b College of Marine and Bio-engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Hao
- a Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xia
- b College of Marine and Bio-engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shen
- b College of Marine and Bio-engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- a Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- a Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
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359
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Anjum R, Grohmann E, Krakat N. Anaerobic digestion of nitrogen rich poultry manure: Impact of thermophilic biogas process on metal release and microbial resistances. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1637-1647. [PMID: 27932039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poultry manure is a nitrogen rich fertilizer, which is usually recycled and spread on agricultural fields. Due to its high nutrient content, chicken manure is considered to be one of the most valuable animal wastes as organic fertilizer. However, when chicken litter is applied in its native form, concerns are raised as such fertilizers also include high amounts of antibiotic resistant pathogenic Bacteria and heavy metals. We studied the impact of an anaerobic thermophilic digestion process on poultry manure. Particularly, microbial antibiotic resistance profiles, mobile genetic elements promoting the resistance dissemination in the environment as well as the presence of heavy metals were focused in this study. The initiated heat treatment fostered a community shift from pathogenic to less pathogenic bacterial groups. Phenotypic and molecular studies demonstrated a clear reduction of multiple resistant pathogens and self-transmissible plasmids in the heat treated manure. That treatment also induced a higher release of metals and macroelements. Especially, Zn and Cu exceeded toxic thresholds. Although the concentrations of a few metals reached toxic levels after the anaerobic thermophilic treatment, the quality of poultry manure as organic fertilizer may raise significantly due to the elimination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and self-transmissible plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Anjum
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bio-Economy Potsdam, Dept. Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Grohmann
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Krakat
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bio-Economy Potsdam, Dept. Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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360
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Obimakinde S, Fatoki O, Opeolu B, Olatunji O. Veterinary pharmaceuticals in aqueous systems and associated effects: an update. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3274-3297. [PMID: 27752951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental studies have shown that pharmaceuticals can contaminate aqueous matrices, such as groundwater, surface water, sediment as well as aquatic flora and fauna. Effluents from sewage and wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical industries and hospitals have been implicated in such contamination. Recent studies have however revealed significant concentrations of pharmaceuticals in wastewater from animal facilities in proximal aquatic habitats. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown a consistent positive correlation between exposure to some drugs of veterinary importance and increased adverse effects in aquatic biota largely due to induction of endocrine disruption, antibiotic resistance, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress. The aquatic habitats and associated biota are important in the maintenance of global ecosystem and food chain. For this reason, anything that compromises the integrity and functions of the aquatic environment may lead to major upset in the world's ecosystems. Therefore, knowledge about this route of exposure cannot be neglected and monitoring of their occurrence in the environment is required. This review focuses on scientific evidence that link the presence of pharmaceuticals in aqueous matrices to animal production facilities and presents means to reduce the occurrence of veterinary pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Obimakinde
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Zonnebloem, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Olalekan Fatoki
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Zonnebloem, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Beatrice Opeolu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Zonnebloem, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Olatunde Olatunji
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Zonnebloem, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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361
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Change in microbial community in landfill refuse contaminated with antibiotics facilitates denitrification more than the increase in ARG over long-term. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41230. [PMID: 28120869 PMCID: PMC5264584 DOI: 10.1038/srep41230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the addition of sulfamethazine (SMT) to landfill refuse decreased nitrogen intermediates (e.g. N2O and NO) and dinitrogen (N2) gas fluxes to <0.5 μg-N/kg-refuse·h-1, while the N2O and N2 flux were at ~1.5 and 5.0 μg-N/kg-refuse·h-1 respectively in samples to which oxytetracycline (OTC) had been added. The ARG (antibiotic resistance gene) levels in the refuse increased tenfold after long-term exposure to antibiotics, followed by a fourfold increase in the N2 flux, but SMT-amended samples with the largest resistome facilitated the denitrification (the nitrogen accumulated as NO gas at ~6 μg-N/kg-refuse·h-1) to a lesser extent than OTC-amended samples. Further, deep sequencing results show that long-term OTC exposure partially substituted Hyphomicrobium, Fulvivirga, and Caldilinea (>5%) for the dominant bacterial hosts (Rhodothermus, ~20%) harboring nosZ and norB genes that significantly correlated with nitrogen emission pattern, while sulfamethazine amendment completely reduced the relative abundance of the "original inhabitants" functioning to produce NOx gas reduction. The main ARG carriers (Pseudomonas) that were substantially enriched in the SMT group had lower levels of denitrifying functional genes, which could imply that denitrification is influenced more by bacterial dynamics than by abundance of ARGs under antibiotic pressures.
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362
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Kang F, Wang Q, Shou W, Collins CD, Gao Y. Alkali-earth metal bridges formed in biofilm matrices regulate the uptake of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and protect against bacterial apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:112-123. [PMID: 27638458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterially extracellular biofilms play a critical role in relieving toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotic (FQA) pollutants, yet it is unclear whether antibiotic attack may be defused by a bacterial one-two punch strategy associated with metal-reinforced detoxification efficiency. Our findings help to assign functions to specific structural features of biofilms, as they strongly imply a molecularly regulated mechanism by which freely accessed alkali-earth metals in natural waters affect the cellular uptake of FQAs at the water-biofilm interface. Specifically, formation of alkali-earth-metal (Ca2+ or Mg2+) bridge between modeling ciprofloxacin and biofilms of Escherichia coli regulates the trans-biofilm transport rate of FQAs towards cells (135-nm-thick biofilm). As the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (0-3.5 mmol/L, CIP: 1.25 μmol/L), the transport rates were reduced to 52.4% and 63.0%, respectively. Computational chemistry analysis further demonstrated a deprotonated carboxyl in the tryptophan residues of biofilms acted as a major bridge site, of which one side is a metal and the other is a metal girder jointly connected to the carboxyl and carbonyl of a FQA. The bacterial growth rate depends on the bridging energy at anchoring site, which underlines the environmental importance of metal bridge formed in biofilm matrices in bacterially antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Kang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Weijun Shou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Chris D Collins
- Soil Research Centre, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DW, UK
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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363
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Zou W, Li X, Lai Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhou Q. Graphene Oxide Inhibits Antibiotic Uptake and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Propagation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33165-33174. [PMID: 27934199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the natural environment have become substantial threats to the ecosystem and public health. Effective strategies to control antibiotics and ARG contaminations are emergent. A novel carbon nanomaterial, graphene oxide (GO), has attracted a substantial amount of attention in environmental fields. This study discovered the inhibition effects of GO on sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) uptake for bacteria and ARG transfer among microorganisms. GO promoted the penetration of SMZ from intracellular to extracellular environments by increasing the cell membrane permeability. In addition, the formation of a GO-SMZ complex reduced the uptake of SMZ in bacteria. Moreover, GO decreased the abundance of the sulI and intI genes by approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude, but the global bacterial activity was not obviously inhibited. A class I integron transfer experiment showed that the transfer frequency was up to 55-fold higher in the control than that of the GO-treated groups. Genetic methylation levels were not significant while sulI gene replication was inhibited. The biological properties of ARGs were altered due to the GO-ARG noncovalent combination, which was confirmed using multiple spectral analyses. This work suggests that GO can potentially be applied for controlling ARG contamination via inhibiting antibiotic uptake and ARG propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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364
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Liu H, Yang Y, Ge Y, Zhao L, Long S, Zhang R. Interaction between common antibiotics and a Shewanella strain isolated from an enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludge system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:114-122. [PMID: 27716563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With increasing production and consumption, more antibiotics are discharged into wastewater treatment plants and generally cannot be sufficiently removed. Because of the complexities of biological treatment processes, the fates of antibiotics and their effects on microorganisms, particularly those involved in the phosphorus removal system, are still unclear. Here, a Shewanella strain was isolated from an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system and was found to have the ability to remove phosphorus (P) and chemical oxygen demand (CODcr). Antibiotics affected the Shewanella strain through metabolism of the three main intracellular polymers, altering the ability of the strain to remove P and CODcr. These effects varied with the structure and concentration of the antibiotics. The Shewanella strain removed cefalexin and amoxicillin by degradation or adsorption, producing 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl pyrazine from cefalexin. This study enabled the recognition of the effect and removal of antibiotics during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhui Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Sha Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruochun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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365
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Hu Y, Cheng H. Health risk from veterinary antimicrobial use in China's food animal production and its reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:993-997. [PMID: 27180067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of veterinary drugs, particularly antimicrobials, in food animal production in China cause environmental pollution and wide food safety concerns, and pose public health risk with the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that can spread from animal populations to humans. Elevated abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria (including multi-drug resistant strains) in food-producing animals, food products of animal origin, microbiota of human gut, and environmental media impacted by intensive animal farming have been reported. To rein in drug use in food animal production and protect public health, the government made a total of 227 veterinary drugs, including 150 antimicrobial products, available only by prescription from licensed veterinarians for curing, controlling, and preventing animal diseases in March 2014. So far the regulatory ban on non-therapeutic use has failed to bring major changes to the long-standing practice of drug overuse and misuse in animal husbandry and aquaculture, and significant improvement in its implementation and enforcement is necessary. A range of measures, including improving access to veterinary services, strengthening supervision on veterinary drug production and distribution, increasing research and development efforts, and enhancing animal health management, are recommended to facilitate transition toward rational use of veterinary drugs, particularly antimicrobials, and to reduce the public health risk arising from AMR development in animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanan Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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366
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Rossi Gonçalves I, Ferreira M, Araujo B, Campos P, Royer S, Batistão D, Souza L, Brito C, Urzedo J, Gontijo-Filho P, Ribas R. Outbreaks of colistin-resistant and colistin-susceptible KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Brazilian intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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367
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Rhouma M, Beaudry F, Thériault W, Letellier A. Colistin in Pig Production: Chemistry, Mechanism of Antibacterial Action, Microbial Resistance Emergence, and One Health Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1789. [PMID: 27891118 PMCID: PMC5104958 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin (Polymyxin E) is one of the few cationic antimicrobial peptides commercialized in both human and veterinary medicine. For several years now, colistin has been considered the last line of defense against infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin has been extensively used orally since the 1960s in food animals and particularly in swine for the control of Enterobacteriaceae infections. However, with the recent discovery of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by the mcr-1 gene and the higher prevalence of samples harboring this gene in animal isolates compared to other origins, livestock has been singled out as the principal reservoir for colistin resistance amplification and spread. Co-localization of the mcr-1 gene and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase genes on a unique plasmid has been also identified in many isolates from animal origin. The use of colistin in pigs as a growth promoter and for prophylaxis purposes should be banned, and the implantation of sustainable measures in pig farms for microbial infection prevention should be actively encouraged and financed. The scientific research should be encouraged in swine medicine to generate data helping to reduce the exacerbation of colistin resistance in pigs and in manure. The establishment of guidelines ensuring a judicious therapeutic use of colistin in pigs, in countries where this drug is approved, is of crucial importance. The implementation of a microbiological withdrawal period that could reduce the potential contamination of consumers with colistin resistant bacteria of porcine origin should be encouraged. Moreover, the management of colistin resistance at the human-pig-environment interface requires the urgent use of the One Health approach for effective control and prevention. This approach needs the collaborative effort of multiple disciplines and close cooperation between physicians, veterinarians, and other scientific health and environmental professionals. This review is an update on the chemistry of colistin, its applications and antibacterial mechanism of action, and on Enterobacteriaceae resistance to colistin in pigs. We also detail and discuss the One Health approach and propose guidelines for colistin resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Chaire de Recherche Industrielle du CRSNG en Salubrité des Viandes, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Chaire de Recherche Industrielle du CRSNG en Salubrité des Viandes, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Chaire de Recherche Industrielle du CRSNG en Salubrité des Viandes, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
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368
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Gillings MR. Lateral gene transfer, bacterial genome evolution, and the Anthropocene. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1389:20-36. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gillings
- Genes to Geoscience Research Centre, Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
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369
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Yuan QB, Guo MT, Wei WJ, Yang J. Reductions of bacterial antibiotic resistance through five biological treatment processes treated municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19495-503. [PMID: 27384166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are hot spots for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, limited studies have been conducted to compare the reductions of ARB and ARGs by various biological treatment processes. The study explored the reductions of heterotrophic bacteria resistant to six groups of antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, and sulfadiazine) and corresponding resistance genes (vanA, aacC1, ereA, ampC, tetA, and sulI) by five bench-scale biological reactors. Results demonstrated that membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) significantly reduced ARB abundances in the ranges of 2.80∼3.54 log and 2.70∼3.13 log, respectively, followed by activated sludge (AS). Biological filter (BF) and anaerobic (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB) techniques led to relatively low reductions. In contrast, ARGs were not equally reduced as ARB. AS and SBR also showed significant potentials on ARGs reduction, whilst MBR and UASB could not reduce ARGs effectively. Redundancy analysis implied that the purification of wastewater quality parameters (COD, NH4 (+)-N, and turbidity) performed a positive correlation to ARB and ARGs reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Yuan
- College of Environment, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mei-Ting Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wu-Ji Wei
- College of Environment, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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370
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Dupouy V, Doublet B, Arpaillange N, Praud K, Bibbal D, Brugère H, Oswald E, Cloeckaert A, Toutain PL, Bousquet-Mélou A. Dominant plasmids carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases bla CTX-M genes in genetically diverse Escherichia coli from slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:789-797. [PMID: 27402421 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) receiving effluents from food-producing animals and humans may contribute to the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-carrying plasmids. This study was designed to investigate extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli strains, CTX-M distributions and the genetic lineage of blaCTX-M -carrying plasmids from urban and slaughterhouse wastewaters. The level of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli in slaughterhouse wastewater entering the WWTP was negligible compared with that of urban wastewater. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was predominant in slaughterhouse wastewater whereas diverse blaCTX-M genes were encountered in urban wastewater and WWTP outlet. Characterization of the main CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates by antibiotic resistance phenotyping, genotyping and typing of plasmids carrying blaCTX-M genes revealed that blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were harboured by the predominant blaCTX-M-1 IncI1/ST3 and blaCTX-M-15 F31:A4:B1 plasmids, which were recovered from unrelated E. coli genotypes in both slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters. This study highlighted the spread of predominant blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15 plasmid lineages in diverse E. coli genotypes from humans and food-producing animals, their mixing in WWTP and final release into the aquatic environment. This could have a serious negative impact on public health and requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Dupouy
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoît Doublet
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, F-37000, France
| | | | - Karine Praud
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, F-37000, France
| | - Delphine Bibbal
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hubert Brugère
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRA, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
- UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, F-37000, France
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371
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Zhang J, Chen M, Sui Q, Wang R, Tong J, Wei Y. Fate of antibiotic resistance genes and its drivers during anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge based on microwave pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:28-36. [PMID: 26988135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, anaerobic digestion of mono-SS, MW-SS:FW and SS:MW-FW was investigated to understand the fate of ARGs and its drivers. Anaerobic digestion was effective for the reduction of metal resistance genes (MRGs), and could reduce the abundance of blaOXA-1, sulI and tetG, while sulII in co-digestion and blaTEM and ereA only in MW-SS. ARGs reduction could be partly attributed to the reduction of co-selective pressure from heavy metals reflected by MRGs. However, the abundance of mefA/E, ermB, ermF, tetM and tetX increased significantly. Anaerobic co-digestion, especially for MW-SS, could reduce total ARGs abundance compared with mono-SS, and evolution of bacterial community was the main driver for the fate of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Tong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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372
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Di Cesare A, Fontaneto D, Doppelbauer J, Corno G. Fitness and Recovery of Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Urban Wastewaters Exposed to Classical Disinfection Treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10153-61. [PMID: 27548377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly appreciated to be important as micropollutants. Indirectly produced by human activities, they are released into the environment, as they are untargeted by conventional wastewater treatments. In order to understand the fate of ARGs and of other resistant forms (e.g., phenotypical adaptations) in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), we monitored three WWTPs with different disinfection processes (chlorine, peracetic acid (PAA), and ultraviolet light (UV)). We monitored WWTPs influx and pre- and postdisinfection effluent over 24 h, followed by incubation experiments lasting for 96 h. We measured bacterial abundance, size distribution and aggregational behavior, the proportion of intact (active) cells, and the abundances of four ARGs and of the mobile element integron1. While all the predisinfection treatments of all WWTPs removed the majority of bacteria and of associated ARGs, of the disinfection processes only PAA efficiently removed bacterial cells. However, the stress imposed by PAA selected for bacterial aggregates and, similarly to chlorine, stimulated the selection of ARGs during the incubation experiment. This suggests disinfections based on chemically aggressive destruction of bacterial cell structures can promote a residual microbial community that is more resistant to antibiotics and, given the altered aggregational behavior, to competitive stress in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Cesare
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Ecosystem Study - Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Ecosystem Study - Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy
| | - Julia Doppelbauer
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Ecosystem Study - Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Ecosystem Study - Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy
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373
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Isolation and Characterization of NDM-Positive Escherichia coli from Municipal Wastewater in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5223-31. [PMID: 27324770 PMCID: PMC4997845 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00236-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics is a public health concern of global scale. Besides direct person-to-person propagation, environmental pathways might contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we describe the incidence of blaNDM-1, a gene conferring resistance to carbapenems, in the wastewater of the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, over a 1-year period. blaNDM-1 was detected at concentrations ranging from 104 to 105 copies/m3 of untreated wastewater during the entire monitoring period. These results indicate the ubiquity and high incidence of blaNDM-1 in the local wastewater. To track the bacteria carrying blaNDM-1, we isolated Escherichia coli PI7, a strain of sequence type 101 (ST101), from wastewater around the Hajj event in October 2013. Genome sequencing of this strain revealed an extensive repertoire of ARGs as well as virulence and invasive traits. These traits were further confirmed by antibiotic resistance profiling and in vitro cell internalization in HeLa cell cultures. Given that this strain remains viable even after a certain duration in the sewerage, and that Jeddah lacks a robust sanitary infrastructure to fully capture all generated sewage, the presence of this bacterium in the untreated wastewater represents a potential hazard to the local public health. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a blaNDM-1-positive E. coli strain isolated from a nonnosocomial environment in Saudi Arabia and may set a priority concern for the need to establish improved surveillance for carbapenem-resistant E. coli in the country and nearby regions.
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374
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Topp E, Renaud J, Sumarah M, Sabourin L. Reduced persistence of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin in agricultural soil following several years of exposure in the field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:136-144. [PMID: 27096634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are very important in human and animal medicine, and can be entrained onto agricultural ground through application of sewage sludge or manures. In the present study, a series of replicated field plots were left untreated or received up to five annual spring applications of a mixture of three drugs to achieve a nominal concentration for each of 10 or 0.1mgkg(-1) soil; the latter an environmentally relevant concentration. Soil samples were incubated in the laboratory, and supplemented with antibiotics to establish the dissipation kinetics of erythromycin and clarithromycin using radioisotope methods, and azithromycin using HPLC-MS/MS. All three drugs were dissipated significantly more rapidly in soils with a history of field exposure to 10mgkg(-1) macrolides, and erythromycin and clarithromycin were also degraded more rapidly in field soil exposed to 0.1mgkg(-1) macrolides. Rapid mineralization of (14)C-labelled erythromycin and clarithromycin are consistent with biodegradation. Analysis of field soils revealed no carryover of parent compound from year to year. Azithromycin transformation products were detected consistent with removal of the desosamine and cladinose moieties. Overall, these results have revealed that following several years of exposure to macrolide antibiotics these are amenable to accelerated degradation. The potential accelerated degradation of these drugs in soils amended with manure and sewage sludge should be investigated as this phenomenon would attenuate environmental exposure and selection pressure for clinically relevant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
| | - Justin Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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375
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Norvill ZN, Shilton A, Guieysse B. Emerging contaminant degradation and removal in algal wastewater treatment ponds: Identifying the research gaps. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:291-309. [PMID: 27135171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the fate of emerging contaminants (ECs) during 'conventional' and 'advanced' wastewater treatment (WWT) has been intensively studied, little research has been conducted on the algal WWT ponds commonly used in provincial areas. The long retention times and large surface areas exposed to light potentially allow more opportunities for EC removal to occur, but experimental evidence is lacking to enable definite predictions about EC fate across different algal WWT systems. This study reviews the mechanisms of EC hydrolysis, sorption, biodegradation, and photodegradation, applying available knowledge to the case of algal WWT. From this basis the review identifies three main areas that need more research due to the unique environmental and ecological conditions occurring in algal WWT ponds: i) the effect of diurnally fluctuating pH and dissolved oxygen upon removal mechanisms; ii) the influence of algae and algal biomass on biodegradation and sorption under relevant conditions; and iii) the significance of EC photodegradation in the presence of dissolved and suspended materials. Because of the high concentration of dissolved organics typically found in algal WWT ponds, most EC photodegradation likely occurs via indirect mechanisms rather than direct photolysis in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane N Norvill
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andy Shilton
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Benoit Guieysse
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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376
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Sun M, Chang Z, Van den Brink PJ, Li J, Zhao F, Rico A. Environmental and human health risks of antimicrobials used in Fenneropenaeus chinensis aquaculture production in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15689-15702. [PMID: 27137193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the environmental fate of antimicrobials applied in Fenneropenaeus chinensis aquaculture production in China and to assess their potential risks for surrounding aquatic ecosystems, for the promotion of antimicrobial resistance in target and non-target bacteria and for consumers eating shrimp products that contain antimicrobial residues. For this, we first used the results of an environmental monitoring study performed with the antimicrobial sulfamethazine to parameterize and calibrate the ERA-AQUA model, a mass balance model suited to perform risk assessments of veterinary medicines applied in aquaculture ponds. Next, a scenario representing F. chinensis production in China was built and used to perform risk assessments for 21 antimicrobials which are regulated for aquaculture in China. Results of the model calibration showed a good correspondence between the predicted and the measured sulfamethazine concentrations, with differences within an order of magnitude. Results of the ecological risk assessment showed that four antimicrobials (levofloxacin, sarafloxacin, ampicillin, sulfadiazine) are expected to have adverse effects on primary producers, while no short-term risks were predicted for invertebrates and fish exposed to farm wastewater effluents containing antimicrobial residues. Half of the evaluated antimicrobials showed potential to contribute to antimicrobial resistance in bacteria exposed to pond water and farm effluents. A withdrawal period of three weeks is recommended for antimicrobials applied via oral administration to F. chinensis in order to comply with the current national and international toxicological food safety standards. The results of this study indicate the need to improve the current regulatory framework for the registration of aquaculture antimicrobials in China and suggest compounds that should be targeted in future aquaculture risk assessments and environmental monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fazhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Andreu Rico
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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377
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Sun W, Qian X, Gu J, Wang XJ, Duan ML. Mechanism and Effect of Temperature on Variations in Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30237. [PMID: 27444518 PMCID: PMC4957233 DOI: 10.1038/srep30237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal manure comprises an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but the variation in ARGs during anaerobic digestion at various temperatures and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Thus, we performed anaerobic digestion using dairy manure at three temperature levels (moderate: 20 °C, mesophilic: 35 °C, and thermophilic: 55 °C), to analyze the dynamics of ARGs and bacterial communities by quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that 8/10 detected ARGs declined and 5/10 decreased more than 1.0 log during thermophilic digestion, whereas only four and five ARGs decreased during moderate and mesophilic digestion, respectively. The changes in ARGs and bacterial communities were similar under the moderate and mesophilic treatments, but distinct from those in the thermophilic system. Potential pathogens such as Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Corynebacterium were removed by thermophilic digestion but not by moderate and mesophilic digestion. The bacterial community succession was the dominant mechanism that influenced the variation in ARGs and integrons during anaerobic digestion. Thermophilic digestion decreased the amount of mesophilic bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria) carrying ARGs. Anaerobic digestion generally decreased the abundance of integrons by eliminating the aerobic hosts of integrons (Actinomycetales and Bacilli). Thermophilic anaerobic digestion is recommended for the treatment and reuse of animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xun Qian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Man-Li Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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378
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A Comprehensive Analysis on Spread and Distribution Characteristic of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Livestock Farms of Southeastern China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156889. [PMID: 27388166 PMCID: PMC4936668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock farms is a problem which need to be paid more attention to, due to the severe resistance dissemination and the further human health risk. In this study, all the relevant exposure matrices (manure, soil and water) of sixteen animal farms in Southeastern China were sampled to determine twenty-two ARGs conferring resistance to five major classes of antibiotics including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. The results showed that the spread property of sul genes was most extensive and strong, followed by tet and erm genes. The abundance of tet genes expressing ribosomal protection proteins (tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetT and tetW) was higher than that expressing efflux pump proteins (tetA, tetC, tetE and tetG) in each type of samples. The high abundance and frequency of ermB gene in the matrices should be paid more attention, because macrolides is a major medicine for human use. For manures, it was found that the similar ARGs distribution rules were existing in poultry manure or porcine manure samples, despite of the different origins of these two types of livestock farms. Meanwhile, it was interesting that the distribution rule of tet genes in animal manure was nearly the same as all the ARGs. For soils, the result of nonmetric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the pollution of ARGs in the soils fertilized by poultry and cattle manures were more substantial in northern Jiangsu, but no significant ARGs diversity was observed among porcine manured soils of five different regions. Furthermore, most ARGs showed significant positive relationships with environmental variables such as concentration of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, Cu, Zn and total organic carbon (TOC). The pollution profile and characteristics of so many ARGs in livestock farms can provide significative foundation for the regulation and legislation of antibiotics in China.
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379
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Zhang H, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Wu L, Liu X, Luo Y. Residues and risks of veterinary antibiotics in protected vegetable soils following application of different manures. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:229-37. [PMID: 26971176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The protected vegetable farming is a style of high frequent rotation farming which requires a huge amount of fertilizers to maintain soil fertility. A total of 125 surface soils covering from east to west of China were sampled for the analysis of 17 antibiotics in order to identify antibiotics contamination caused by long-term manures application. The results indicate that the agricultural land has accumulated a statistically significantly higher antibiotics concentration than conventional open croplands. The maximum oxytetracycline concentration was 8400 μg kg(-1), the highest level that has ever been reported for oxytetracycline in soils. The residual concentration is decided by both plant duration and manure type. Short-term (<5 years) planting shows the highest residues of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones in the soils. The organic farming characteristic of applying commercial compost as a single fertilizer in planting shows the lowest antibiotics residue in the soils on the whole. Principal component analysis suggests that the various combinations of antibiotic compounds in the soil may be used to trace the manure source. The antibiotics in soil may threaten water quality through contamination by diffusion. Ciprofloxacin and sulfachinoxalin are calculated to be a higher migration risk to surface waters, hence their environmental fate requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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380
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Lundström SV, Östman M, Bengtsson-Palme J, Rutgersson C, Thoudal M, Sircar T, Blanck H, Eriksson KM, Tysklind M, Flach CF, Larsson DGJ. Minimal selective concentrations of tetracycline in complex aquatic bacterial biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:587-595. [PMID: 26938321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Selection pressure generated by antibiotics released into the environment could enrich for antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistant bacteria, thereby increasing the risk for transmission to humans and animals. Tetracyclines comprise an antibiotic class of great importance to both human and animal health. Accordingly, residues of tetracycline are commonly detected in aquatic environments. To assess if tetracycline pollution in aquatic environments promotes development of resistance, we determined minimal selective concentrations (MSCs) in biofilms of complex aquatic bacterial communities using both phenotypic and genotypic assays. Tetracycline significantly increased the relative abundance of resistant bacteria at 10 μg/L, while specific tet genes (tetA and tetG) increased significantly at the lowest concentration tested (1 μg/L). Taxonomic composition of the biofilm communities was altered with increasing tetracycline concentrations. Metagenomic analysis revealed a concurrent increase of several tet genes and a range of other genes providing resistance to different classes of antibiotics (e.g. cmlA, floR, sul1, and mphA), indicating potential for co-selection. Consequently, MSCs for the tet genes of ≤ 1 μg/L suggests that current exposure levels in e.g. sewage treatment plants could be sufficient to promote resistance. The methodology used here to assess MSCs could be applied in risk assessment of other antibiotics as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Lundström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolin Rutgersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Thoudal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Triranta Sircar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Blanck
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Martin Eriksson
- Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
| | | | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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381
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Abstract
In this article, the current knowledge and knowledge gaps in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and plants and importance in terms of animal and human health are discussed. Some recommendations are provided for generation of the data required in order to develop risk assessments for AMR within agriculture and for risks through the food chain to animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Thanner
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, Posieux, Switzerland
| | - David Drissner
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Walsh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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382
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Caucci S, Karkman A, Cacace D, Rybicki M, Timpel P, Voolaid V, Gurke R, Virta M, Berendonk TU. Seasonality of antibiotic prescriptions for outpatients and resistance genes in sewers and wastewater treatment plant outflow. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw060. [PMID: 27073234 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis of a seasonal relationship of antibiotic prescriptions for outpatients and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the wastewater, we investigated the distribution of prescriptions and different ARGs in the Dresden sewer system and wastewater treatment plant during a two-year sampling campaign. Based on quantitative PCR (qPCR), our results show a clear seasonal pattern for relative ARGs abundances. The higher ARGs levels in autumn and winter coincide with the higher rates of overall antibiotic prescriptions. While no significant differences of relative abundances were observed before and after the wastewater treatment for most of the relative ARGs, the treatment clearly influenced the microbial community composition and abundance. This indicates that the ARGs are probably not part of the dominant bacterial taxa, which are mainly influenced by the wastewater treatment processes, or that plasmid carrying bacteria remain constant, while plasmid free bacteria decrease. An exception was vancomycin (vanA), showing higher relative abundance in treated wastewater. It is likely that a positive selection or community changes during wastewater treatment lead to an enrichment of vanA. Our results demonstrate that in a medium-term study the combination of qPCR and next generation sequencing corroborated by drug-related health data is a suitable approach to characterize seasonal changes of ARGs in wastewater and treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Caucci
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antti Karkman
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Damiano Cacace
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Rybicki
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Timpel
- Forschungsverbund Public Health Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Veiko Voolaid
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marko Virta
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas U Berendonk
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
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383
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Rahube TO, Marti R, Scott A, Tien YC, Murray R, Sabourin L, Duenk P, Lapen DR, Topp E. Persistence of antibiotic resistance and plasmid-associated genes in soil following application of sewage sludge and abundance on vegetables at harvest. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:600-7. [PMID: 27277701 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge recovered from wastewater treatment plants contains antibiotic residues and is rich in antibiotic resistance genes, selected for and enriched in the digestive tracts of human using antibiotics. The use of sewage sludge as a crop fertilizer constitutes a potential route of human exposure to antibiotic resistance genes through consumption of contaminated crops. Several gene targets associated with antibiotic resistance (catA1, catB3, ereA, ereB, erm(B), str(A), str(B), qnrD, sul1, and mphA), mobile genetic elements (int1, mobA, IncW repA, IncP1 groups -α, -β, -δ, -γ, -ε), and bacterial 16S rRNA (rrnS) were quantified by qPCR from soil and vegetable samples obtained from unamended and sludge-amended plots at an experimental field in London, Ontario. The qPCR data reveals an increase in abundance of gene targets in the soil and vegetables samples, indicating that there is potential for additional crop exposure to antibiotic resistance genes carried within sewage sludge following field application. It is therefore advisable to allow an appropriate delay period before harvesting of vegetables for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddie O Rahube
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada.,b Department of Biology and Biotechnological Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Romain Marti
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Scott
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan-Ching Tien
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Murray
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Duenk
- c Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- d Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario, Canada.,c Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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384
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Cheng W, Li J, Wu Y, Xu L, Su C, Qian Y, Zhu YG, Chen H. Behavior of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in eco-agricultural system: A case study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:18-25. [PMID: 26546700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine abundance and persistence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in eco-agricultural system (EAS), which starts from swine feces to anaerobic digestion products, then application of anaerobic digestion solid residue (ADSR) and anaerobic digestion liquid residue (ADLR) to the soil to grow ryegrass, one of swine feed. Oxytetracycline had the highest concentration in manure reaching up to 138.7 mg/kg. Most of antibiotics could be effectively eliminated by anaerobic digestion and removal rates ranged from 11% to 86%. ARGs abundance fluctuated within EAS. TetQ had the highest relative abundance and the relative abundance of tetG had the least variation within the system, which indicates that tetG is persistent in the agricultural environment and requires more attention. Compared to the relative abundance in manure, tetC and tetM increased in biogas residue while three ribosomal protection proteins genes (tetO, tetQ, tetW) decreased (p<0.05), with other genes showing no significant change after anaerobic fermentation (p>0.05). Most ARGs in downstream components (soils and fishpond) of EAS showed significantly higher relative abundance than the control agricultural system (p<0.05), except for tetG and sulI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Like Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanyun Qian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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385
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Kang Y, Gu X, Hao Y, Hu J. Autoclave treatment of pig manure does not reduce the risk of transmission and transfer of tetracycline resistance genes in soil: successive determinations with soil column experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4551-4560. [PMID: 26517996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of antibiotics, especially tetracycline, in livestock feed adversely affects animal health and ecological integrity. Therefore, approaches to decrease this risk are urgently needed. High temperatures facilitate antibiotic degradation; whether this reduces transmission risk and transfer of tetracycline-resistant bacteria (TRBs) and tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) in soil remains unknown. Successive experiments with soil columns evaluated the effects of autoclaving pig manure (APM) on soil TRB populations and TRGs over time at different soil depths. The data showed sharp increases in TRB populations and TRGs in each subsoil layer of PM (non-APM) and APM treatments within 30 days, indicating that TRBs and TRGs transferred rapidly. The level of TRBs in the upper soil layers was approximately 15-fold higher than in subsoils. TRBs were not dependent on PM and APM levels, especially in the late phase. Nevertheless, higher levels of APM led to rapid expansion of TRBs as compared to PM. Moreover, temporal changes in TRB frequencies in total culturable bacteria (TCBs) were similar to TRBs, indicating that the impact of PM or APM on TRBs was more obvious than for TCBs. TRBs were hypothesized to depend on the numbers of TRGs and indigenous recipient bacteria. In the plough layer, five TRGs (tetB, tetG, tetM, tetW, and tetB/P) existed in each treatment within 150 days. Selective pressure of TC may not be a necessary condition for the transfer and persistence of TRGs in soil. High temperatures might reduce TRBs in PM, which had minimal impact on the transmission and transfer of TRGs in soil. Identifying alternatives to decrease TRG transmission remains a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Kang
- College of Marine and Bio-engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xian Gu
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Hao
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China.
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386
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Youngquist CP, Mitchell SM, Cogger CG. Fate of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance during Digestion and Composting: A Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:537-545. [PMID: 27065401 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) enter the environment through municipal and agricultural waste streams and pose a potential risk to human and livestock health through either direct exposure to antibiotic-resistant pathogens or selective pressure on the soil microbial community. This review summarizes current literature on the fate of antibiotics, ARB, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion and composting of manure and wastewater residuals. Studies have shown that removal of antibiotics varies widely during mesophilic anaerobic digestion, even within the same class of antibiotics. Research on ARB shows a wide range of removal under mesophilic conditions, with nearly complete removal under thermophilic conditions. Research on 16 antibiotics in 11 different studies using both bench-scale and farm-scale composting systems demonstrates that composting significantly reduces levels of extractable antibiotics in livestock manure in nearly all cases. Calculated half-lives ranged from 0.9 to 16 d for most antibiotics. There is more limited evidence that levels of ARB are also reduced by composting. Studies of the fate of ARGs show mixed evidence for removal during both mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion and during thermophilic composting. Antibiotic resistance genes are DNA structures, so they may persist until the DNA structure is degraded, yet the bacterium may have been rendered nonviable long before the DNA is completely degraded. Additional research would be of value to determine optimum anaerobic digestion and composting conditions for removal of ARB and to increase understanding of the fate of ARGs during anaerobic digestion and composting.
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387
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Vittecoq M, Godreuil S, Prugnolle F, Durand P, Brazier L, Renaud N, Arnal A, Aberkane S, Jean-Pierre H, Gauthier-Clerc M, Thomas F, Renaud F. Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vittecoq
- Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat; Arles France
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Département de Bactériologie-Virologie; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
- U 1058; INSERM; Montpellier France
| | - Franck Prugnolle
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Patrick Durand
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Lionel Brazier
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Nicolas Renaud
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Audrey Arnal
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Salim Aberkane
- Département de Bactériologie-Virologie; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Montpellier; Montpellier France
- U 1058; INSERM; Montpellier France
| | - Hélène Jean-Pierre
- Département de Bactériologie-Virologie; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
- UMR 5119 (UM2, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM); Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements; U.F.R. Pharmacie; Montpellier France
| | - Michel Gauthier-Clerc
- Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat; Arles France
- Département Chrono-Environnement; UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA; Université de Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - François Renaud
- MIVEGEC (Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle); UMR CNRS 5290/IRD 224; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
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388
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Gaffney VDJ, Cardoso VV, Benoliel MJ, Almeida CMM. Chlorination and oxidation of sulfonamides by free chlorine: Identification and behaviour of reaction products by UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 166:466-477. [PMID: 26560639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are one class of the most widely used antibiotics around the world and have been frequently detected in municipal wastewater and surface water in recent years. Their transformation in waste water treatment plants (WWTP) and in water treatment plants (WTP), as well as, their fate and transport in the aquatic environment are of concern. The reaction of six sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine) with free chlorine was investigated at a laboratory scale in order to identify the main chlorination by-products. A previously validated method, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, was used to analyse SAs and their chlorination by-products. At room temperature, pH 6-7, reaction times of up to 2 h and an initial concentration of 2 mg/L of free chlorine, the majority of SAs suffered degradation of around 65%, with the exception of sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole (20%). The main reaction of SAs with free chlorine occurred in the first minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Jesus Gaffney
- iMed.UL (Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Portugal), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vale Cardoso
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. - EPAL, Direcção de Controlo de Qualidade da Água, Av. de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Benoliel
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. - EPAL, Direcção de Controlo de Qualidade da Água, Av. de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M M Almeida
- iMed.UL (Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Portugal), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratory of Bromatology and Water Quality, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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389
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Um MM, Barraud O, Kérourédan M, Gaschet M, Stalder T, Oswald E, Dagot C, Ploy MC, Brugère H, Bibbal D. Comparison of the incidence of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains in adult cattle and veal calf slaughterhouse effluents highlighted different risks for public health. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:30-38. [PMID: 26460853 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the involvement of bovine slaughterhouse effluents and biosolids in the risk of environmental dissemination of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Several samples were collected from one adult cattle and one veal calf slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The treatment process had no impact on the percentage of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and on the percentage of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC). A STEC O157:H7 was isolated from the thickened sludge of the adult cattle slaughterhouse. As thickened sludge is intended to be spread on agricultural lands, the detection of this pathogenic strain is a public health issue. The percentage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli was 5.0% and 87.5% in wastewater from the adult cattle and the veal calf slaughterhouse, respectively. These percentages were not significantly different after treatment. Integron-bearing E. coli isolates were only detected in the veal calf slaughterhouse WWTP with percentages above 50.0% for all sampling points whatever the step of the treatment process. Taken together, these findings highlighted the fact that different public health risks might be associated with adult cattle or veal calf slaughterhouses regarding the dissemination of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Michèle Um
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Université de Limoges, UMR1092, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR1092, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Limoges, France
| | - Monique Kérourédan
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Margaux Gaschet
- Université de Limoges, UMR1092, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR1092, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Limoges, France
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Cecile Ploy
- Université de Limoges, UMR1092, Limoges, France; INSERM, UMR1092, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, Limoges, France
| | - Hubert Brugère
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bibbal
- INSERM UMR1043, INRA USC1360, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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390
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Bengtsson-Palme J, Larsson DGJ. Concentrations of antibiotics predicted to select for resistant bacteria: Proposed limits for environmental regulation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 86:140-9. [PMID: 26590482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There are concerns that selection pressure from antibiotics in the environment may accelerate the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, there is currently no regulatory system that takes such risks into account. In part, this is due to limited knowledge of environmental concentrations that might exert selection for resistant bacteria. To experimentally determine minimal selective concentrations in complex microbial ecosystems for all antibiotics would involve considerable effort. In this work, our aim was to estimate upper boundaries for selective concentrations for all common antibiotics, based on the assumption that selective concentrations a priori need to be lower than those completely inhibiting growth. Data on Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were obtained for 111 antibiotics from the public EUCAST database. The 1% lowest observed MICs were identified, and to compensate for limited species coverage, predicted lowest MICs adjusted for the number of tested species were extrapolated through modeling. Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for resistance selection were then assessed using an assessment factor of 10 to account for differences between MICs and minimal selective concentrations. The resulting PNECs ranged from 8 ng/L to 64 μg/L. Furthermore, the link between taxonomic similarity between species and lowest MIC was weak. This work provides estimated upper boundaries for selective concentrations (lowest MICs) and PNECs for resistance selection for all common antibiotics. In most cases, PNECs for selection of resistance were below available PNECs for ecotoxicological effects. The generated PNECs can guide implementation of compound-specific emission limits that take into account risks for resistance promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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391
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Wang FH, Qiao M, Chen Z, Su JQ, Zhu YG. Antibiotic resistance genes in manure-amended soil and vegetables at harvest. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:215-21. [PMID: 26124067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce and endive, which can be eaten raw, were planted on the manure-amended soil in order to explore the influence of plants on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil, and the occurrence of ARGs on harvested vegetables. Twelve ARGs and one integrase gene (intI1) were detected in all soil samples. Five ARGs (sulI, tetG, tetC, tetA, and tetM) showed lower abundance in the soil with plants than those without. ARGs and intI1 gene were also detected on harvested vegetables grown in manure-amended soil, including endophytes and phyllosphere microorganisms. The results demonstrated that planting had an effect on the distribution of ARGs in manure-amended soil, and ARGs were detected on harvested vegetables after growing in manure-amended soil, which had potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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392
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Schaufler K, Semmler T, Wieler LH, Wöhrmann M, Baddam R, Ahmed N, Müller K, Kola A, Fruth A, Ewers C, Guenther S. Clonal spread and interspecies transmission of clinically relevant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli of ST410--another successful pandemic clone? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 92:fiv155. [PMID: 26656065 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing multi-resistant Escherichia coli have been on the rise for years. Initially restricted to mostly a clinical context, recent findings prove their prevalence in extraclinical settings independent of the original occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. To get further insights into the complex ecology of potentially clinically relevant ESBL-producing E. coli, 24 isolates from wild birds in Berlin, Germany, and 40 ESBL-producing human clinical E. coli isolates were comparatively analyzed. Isolates of ST410 occurred in both sample groups (six). In addition, three ESBL-producing E. coli isolates of ST410 from environmental dog feces and one clinical dog isolate were included. All 10 isolates were clonally analyzed showing almost identical macrorestriction patterns. They were chosen for whole-genome sequencing revealing that the whole-genome content of these 10 E. coli isolates showed a very high genetic similarity, differing by low numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms only. This study gives initial evidence for a recent interspecies transmission of a new successful clone of ST410 E. coli between wildlife, humans, companion animals and the environment. The results underline the zoonotic potential of clinically relevant multi-resistant bacteria found in the environment as well as the mandatory nature of the 'One Health' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schaufler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- NG 1 - Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, 13302 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Wöhrmann
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramani Baddam
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046 Hyderabad, India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046 Hyderabad, India
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Clinic of Small Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Kola
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité Universitätsklinikum, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial Infections and National Reference, Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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393
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Johnning A, Kristiansson E, Fick J, Weijdegård B, Larsson DGJ. Resistance Mutations in gyrA and parC are Common in Escherichia Communities of both Fluoroquinolone-Polluted and Uncontaminated Aquatic Environments. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1355. [PMID: 26696975 PMCID: PMC4673309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the target proteins of fluoroquinolones, especially in GyrA and ParC, are known to cause resistance. Here, we investigated environmental Escherichia communities to explore the possible link between the abundance of mutations, and the exposure to fluoroquinolones. Sediment samples were collected from a relatively pristine lake, up and downstream from a sewage treatment plant, and from several industrially polluted sites. The quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC were analyzed using amplicon sequencing of metagenomic DNA. Five non-synonymous substitutions were present in all samples, and all of these mutations have been previously linked to fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. In GyrA, substitutions S83L and D87N were on average detected at frequencies of 86 and 32%, respectively, and 31% of all amplicons encoded both substitutions. In ParC, substitutions S80I, E84G, and E84V were detected in 42, 0.9, and 6.0% of the amplicons, respectively, and 6.5% encoded double substitutions. There was no significant correlation between the level of fluoroquinolone pollution and the relative abundance of resistance mutations, with the exception of the most polluted site, which showed the highest abundance of said substitutions in both genes. Our results demonstrate that resistance mutations can be common in environmental Escherichia, even in the absence of a fluoroquinolone selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johnning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Weijdegård
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
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394
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Brandt KK, Amézquita A, Backhaus T, Boxall A, Coors A, Heberer T, Lawrence JR, Lazorchak J, Schönfeld J, Snape JR, Zhu YG, Topp E. Ecotoxicological assessment of antibiotics: A call for improved consideration of microorganisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:189-205. [PMID: 26411644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play a pivotal role in the management of infectious disease in humans, companion animals, livestock, and aquaculture operations at a global scale. Antibiotics are produced, consumed, and released into the environment at an unprecedented scale causing concern that the presence of antibiotic residues may adversely impact aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Here we critically review the ecotoxicological assessment of antibiotics as related to environmental risk assessment (ERA). We initially discuss the need for more specific protection goals based on the ecosystem service concept, and suggest that the ERA of antibiotics, through the application of a mode of toxic action approach, should make more use of ecotoxicological endpoints targeting microorganisms (especially bacteria) and microbial communities. Key ecosystem services provided by microorganisms and associated ecosystem service-providing units (e.g. taxa or functional groups) are identified. Approaches currently available for elucidating ecotoxicological effects on microorganisms are reviewed in detail and we conclude that microbial community-based tests should be used to complement single-species tests to offer more targeted protection of key ecosystem services. Specifically, we propose that ecotoxicological tests should not only assess microbial community function, but also microbial diversity (‘species’ richness) and antibiotic susceptibility. Promising areas for future basic and applied research of relevance to ERA are highlighted throughout the text. In this regard, the most fundamental knowledge gaps probably relate to our rudimentary understanding of the ecological roles of antibiotics in nature and possible adverse effects of environmental pollution with subinhibitory levels of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian K Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Sino Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Alejandro Amézquita
- Unilever-Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anja Coors
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Heberer
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department 3: Veterinary Drugs, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - James Lazorchak
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jens Schönfeld
- Umweltbundesamt, Federal Environment Agency, Dessau, Germany
| | - Jason R Snape
- AstraZeneca Global Environment, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada.
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395
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Lin L, Yuan K, Liang X, Chen X, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Zou S, Luan T, Chen B. Occurrences and distribution of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in the Yangtze River Estuary and nearby coastal area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:304-310. [PMID: 26349787 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of highly impacted estuaries needs to be examined with respect to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. In the present study, sulfonamide resistance (sul), tetracycline resistance (tet) and class I integron (int1) genes were ubiquitous in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary (YE) and nearby coastal area, and exhibited a declining trend from the inner estuary to the coast. Good relationships were only observed between int1 and sul1 genes, implying that int1 gene is essential to the proliferation of sul1 gene. A non-significant correlation between int1 and 16S rRNA genes indicated that the int1 gene came from pollution sources of ARGs instead of being intrinsic in environmental bacterial populations. Sulfonamides were rarely detected in the sediments of this region, so could not result in the production of sul genes in the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Ke Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ximei Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shichun Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Baowei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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396
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Mao D, Yu S, Rysz M, Luo Y, Yang F, Li F, Hou J, Mu Q, Alvarez PJJ. Prevalence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes in two municipal wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 85:458-66. [PMID: 26372743 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is an emerging health concern worldwide. Thus, it is important to understand and mitigate their occurrence in different systems. In this study, 30 ARGs that confer resistance to tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones or macrolides were detected in two activated sludge wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in northern China. Bacteria harboring ARGs persisted through all treatment units, and survived disinfection by chlorination in greater percentages than total Bacteria (assessed by 16S rRNA genes). Although the absolute abundances of ARGs were reduced from the raw influent to the effluent by 89.0%-99.8%, considerable ARG levels [(1.0 ± 0.2) × 10(3) to (9.5 ± 1.8) × 10(5) copies/mL)] were found in WWTP effluent samples. ARGs were concentrated in the waste sludge (through settling of bacteria and sludge dewatering) at (1.5 ± 2.3) × 10(9) to (2.2 ± 2.8) × 10(11) copies/g dry weight. Twelve ARGs (tetA, tetB, tetE, tetG, tetH, tetS, tetT, tetX, sul1, sul2, qnrB, ermC) were discharged through the dewatered sludge and plant effluent at higher rates than influent values, indicating overall proliferation of resistant bacteria. Significant antibiotic concentrations (2%-50% of raw influent concentrations) remained throughout all treatment units. This apparently contributed selective pressure for ARG replication since the relative abundance of resistant bacteria (assessed by ARG/16S rRNA gene ratios) was significantly correlated to the corresponding effluent antibiotic concentrations. Similarly, the concentrations of various heavy metals (which induce a similar bacterial resistance mechanism as antibiotics - efflux pumps) were also correlated to the enrichment of some ARGs. Thus, curtailing the release of antibiotics and heavy metals to sewage systems (or enhancing their removal in pre-treatment units) may alleviate their selective pressure and mitigate ARG proliferation in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Mao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Michal Rysz
- GSI Environmental Inc., 2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000, Houston 77098, TX, USA
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Fengxia Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Quanhua Mu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - P J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, MS 519, 6100 Main Street, Houston 77005, TX, USA.
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397
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Larsson DGJ. Pollution from drug manufacturing: review and perspectives. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0571. [PMID: 25405961 PMCID: PMC4213584 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As long ago as the sixteenth century, Paracelsus recognized that ‘the dose makes the poison’. Indeed, environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals excreted by humans are limited, most importantly because a defined dose is given to just a fraction of the population. By contrast, recent studies have identified direct emission from drug manufacturing as a source of much higher environmental discharges that, in some cases, greatly exceed toxic threshold concentrations. Because production is concentrated in specific locations, the risks are not linked to usage patterns. Furthermore, as the drugs are not consumed, metabolism in the human body does not reduce concentrations. The environmental risks associated with manufacturing therefore comprise a different, wider set of pharmaceuticals compared with those associated with risks from excretion. Although pollution from manufacturing is less widespread, discharges that promote the development of drug-resistant microorganisms can still have global consequences. Risk management also differs between production and excretion in terms of accountability, incentive creation, legal opportunities, substitution possibilities and costs. Herein, I review studies about industrial emissions of pharmaceuticals and the effects associated with exposure to such effluents. I contrast environmental pollution due to manufacturing with that due to excretion in terms of their risks and management and highlight some recent initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Joakim Larsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, The University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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398
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Igbinosa EO. Detection and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio Isolates in Aquaculture Environments: Implications for Public Health. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:238-45. [PMID: 26540391 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Vibrio isolates recovered from four different fish pond facilities in Benin City, Nigeria, determine their antibiogram profiles, and evaluate the public health implications of these findings. Fish pond water samples were collected from four sampling sites between March and September 2014. A total of 56 samples were collected and screened for the isolation of Vibrio species using standard culture-based methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the identities of the Vibrio species using the genus-specific and species-specific primers. Vibrio species were detected at all the study sites at a concentration on the order of 10(3) and 10(6) CFU/100 ml. A total of 550 presumptive Vibrio isolates were subjected to PCR confirmation. Of these isolates, 334 isolates tested positive, giving an overall Vibrio prevalence rate of 60.7%. The speciation of the 334 Vibrio isolates from fish ponds yielded 32.63% Vibrio fluvialis, 20.65% Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 18.26% Vibrio vulnificus, and 28.44% other Vibrio species. In all, 167 confirmed Vibrio isolates were selected from a pool of 334 confirmed Vibrio isolates for antibiogram profiling. The susceptibility profiles of 20 antimicrobial agents on the isolates revealed a high level of resistance for AMP(R), ERY(R), NAL(R), SUL(R), TMP(R), SXT(R), TET(R), OTC(R), and CHL(R). The percentage of multiple drug resistance Vibrio isolates was 67.6%. The multiple antibiotic resistance index mean value of 0.365 for the Vibrio isolates found in this study indicated that the Vibrio isolates were exposed to high-risk sources of contamination when antibiotics were frequently used. The resistant Vibrio strains could be transmitted through the food chain to humans and therefore constitutes a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin , Benin City, Nigeria
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399
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Frey SK, Topp E, Khan IUH, Ball BR, Edwards M, Gottschall N, Sunohara M, Lapen DR. Quantitative Campylobacter spp., antibiotic resistance genes, and veterinary antibiotics in surface and ground water following manure application: Influence of tile drainage control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:138-153. [PMID: 26065824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated chlortetracycline, tylosin, and tetracycline (plus transformation products), and DNA-based quantitative Campylobacter spp. and Campylobacter tetracycline antibiotic resistant genes (tet(O)) in tile drainage, groundwater, and soil before and following a liquid swine manure (LSM) application on clay loam plots under controlled (CD) and free (FD) tile drainage. Chlortetracycline/tetracycline was strongly bound to manure solids while tylosin dominated in the liquid portion of manure. The chlortetracycline transformation product isochlortetracycline was the most persistent analyte in water. Rhodamine WT (RWT) tracer was mixed with manure and monitored in tile and groundwater. RWT and veterinary antibiotic (VA) concentrations were strongly correlated in water which supported the use of RWT as a surrogate tracer. While CD reduced tile discharge and eliminated application-induced VA movement (via tile) to surface water, total VA mass loading to surface water was not affected by CD. At both CD and FD test plots, the biggest 'flush' of VA mass and highest VA concentrations occurred in response to precipitation received 2d after application, which strongly influenced the flow abatement capacity of CD on account of highly elevated water levels in field initiating overflow drainage for CD systems (when water level <0.3m below surface). VA concentrations in tile and groundwater became very low within 10d following application. Both Campylobacter spp. and Campylobacter tet(O) genes were present in groundwater and soil prior to application, and increased thereafter. Unlike the VA compounds, Campylobacter spp. and Campylobacter tet(O) gene loadings in tile drainage were reduced by CD, in relation to FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Frey
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, 960 Carling Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Center, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Izhar U H Khan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, 960 Carling Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Bonnie R Ball
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, 581 Huron St, Stratford, Ontario N5A 5T8, Canada
| | - Mark Edwards
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, 960 Carling Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Natalie Gottschall
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, 960 Carling Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Mark Sunohara
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, 960 Carling Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, 960 Carling Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
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400
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Huijbers PMC, Blaak H, de Jong MCM, Graat EAM, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, de Roda Husman AM. Role of the Environment in the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance to Humans: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11993-2004. [PMID: 26355462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To establish a possible role for the natural environment in the transmission of clinically relevant AMR bacteria to humans, a literature review was conducted to systematically collect and categorize evidence for human exposure to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. in the environment. In total, 239 datasets adhered to inclusion criteria. AMR bacteria were detected at exposure-relevant sites (35/38), including recreational areas, drinking water, ambient air, and shellfish, and in fresh produce (8/16). More datasets were available for environmental compartments (139/157), including wildlife, water, soil, and air/dust. Quantitative data from exposure-relevant sites (6/35) and environmental compartments (11/139) were scarce. AMR bacteria were detected in the contamination sources (66/66) wastewater and manure, and molecular data supporting their transmission from wastewater to the environment (1/66) were found. The abundance of AMR bacteria at exposure-relevant sites suggests risk for human exposure. Of publications pertaining to both environmental and human isolates, however, only one compared isolates from samples that had a clear spatial and temporal relationship, and no direct evidence was found for transmission to humans through the environment. To what extent the environment, compared to the clinical and veterinary domains, contributes to human exposure needs to be quantified. AMR bacteria in the environment, including sites relevant for human exposure, originate from contamination sources. Intervention strategies targeted at these sources could therefore limit emission of AMR bacteria to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M C Huijbers
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS), Wageningen University , P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Blaak
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mart C M de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS), Wageningen University , P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Graat
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences (WIAS), Wageningen University , P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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