351
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Yoo B, Kavishwar A, Ross A, Pantazopoulos P, Moore A, Medarova Z. In Vivo Detection of miRNA Expression in Tumors Using an Activatable Nanosensor. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:70-8. [PMID: 25987466 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of tools for the analysis of microRNA (miRNA) function in tumors can advance our diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Here, we describe the development of technology for the profiling of miRNA expression in the tumors of live animals. PROCEDURES The approach is based on miRNA nanosensors consisting of sensor oligonucleotides conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles for systemic delivery. Feasibility was demonstrated for the detection of miR-10b, implicated in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the development of metastasis. The miR-10b nanosensor was tested in vivo in two mouse models of cancer. In the first model, mice were implanted subcutaneously with MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H2LN tumors, in which miR-10b was inhibited. In the second model, mice were implanted bilaterally with metastatic MDA-MB-231 and nonmetastatic MCF-7 cells. The nanosensors were injected intravenously, and fluorescence intensity in the tumors was monitored over time. RESULTS We showed that the described nanosensors are capable of discriminating between tumors based on their expression of miR-10b. Radiant efficiency was higher in the miR-10b-active tumors than in the miR-10b-inhibited tumors and in the MDA-MB-231 tumors relative to the MCF-7 tumors. CONCLUSIONS The described technology provides an important tool that could be used to answer questions about microRNA function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Yoo
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Amol Kavishwar
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Alana Ross
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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352
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic, recrudescent disease that invades the gastrointestinal tract, and it requires surgery or lifelong medicinal therapy. The conventional medicinal therapies for IBD, such as anti-inflammatories, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressants, are limited because of their systemic adverse effects and toxicity during long-term treatment. RNA interference (RNAi) precisely regulates susceptibility genes to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines related to IBD, which effectively alleviates IBD progression and promotes intestinal mucosa recovery. RNAi molecules generally include short interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). However, naked RNA tends to degrade in vivo as a consequence of endogenous ribonucleases and pH variations. Furthermore, RNAi treatment may cause unintended off-target effects and immunostimulation. Therefore, nanovectors of siRNA and miRNA were introduced to circumvent these obstacles. Herein, we introduce non-viral nanosystems of RNAi molecules and discuss these systems in detail. Additionally, the delivery barriers and challenges associated with RNAi molecules will be discussed from the perspectives of developing efficient delivery systems and potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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353
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Matin F, Jeet V, Clements JA, Yousef GM, Batra J. MicroRNA Theranostics in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine. Clin Chem 2016; 62:1318-33. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.242800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Theranostics, a combination of diagnostics and therapeutics, is an emerging concept in the field of precision medicine, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are predictive pioneers in this area.
CONTENT
miRNAs are small endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by targeting messenger RNAs. More than 60% of all protein coding genes are controlled by miRNAs, which makes them powerful regulators of the different cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Growing evidence indicates the differential expression of miRNAs in tumor tissues. In addition, miRNAs in body fluids, known as circulating miRNAs, are present in remarkably stable forms and their alteration in prostate cancer has been well documented. Circulating miRNAs are known to originate from tumor tissues, thereby enabling intercellular communication via carriers to promote tumorigenesis and malignancy. In addition, fueled by recent advances, the use of miRNA-based anticancer therapies has been proposed with the onset of early phase clinical trials to assess the therapeutic efficacy of miRNAs.
SUMMARY
In this review, we summarize the theranostic utility of miRNAs and outline their diagnostic and prognostic potential in prostate cancer. In addition, we discuss the current detection methodologies and emerging innovative strategies for the detection of miRNAs in body fluids and tumor tissues in the clinical setting. We also provide insight into the current and future therapeutic potential of miRNAs in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Matin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Varinder Jeet
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - George M Yousef
- Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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354
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are becoming fundamentally important in the pathophysiology relating to injury-induced vascular remodelling. We highlight recent studies that demonstrate the involvement of ncRNAs in vein graft disease, in in-stent restenosis and in pulmonary arterial hypertension, with a particular focus on endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell function. We also briefly discuss the emerging role of exosomal-derived ncRNAs and how this mechanism impacts on vascular function. RECENT FINDINGS ncRNAs have been described as novel regulators in the pathophysiology of vascular injury, inflammation, and vessel wall remodelling. In particular, several studies have demonstrated that manipulation of miRNAs can reduce the burden of pathological vascular remodelling. Such studies have also shown that exosomal miRNA-mediated, cell-to-cell communication between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells is critical in the disease process. In addition to miRNAs, lncRNAs are emerging as regulators of vascular function in health and disease. Although lncRNAs are complex in both their sheer numbers and mechanisms of action, identifying their contribution to vascular disease is essential. SUMMARY Given the important roles of ncRNAs in vascular injury and remodelling together will their capacity for cell-to-cell communication, manipulating ncRNA might provide novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- aBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow bCentre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, BHF/University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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355
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Mendes-Silva AP, Pereira KS, Tolentino-Araujo GT, Nicolau EDS, Silva-Ferreira CM, Teixeira AL, Diniz BS. Shared Biologic Pathways Between Alzheimer Disease and Major Depression: A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Expression Studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:903-12. [PMID: 27591915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical-epidemiological relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer disease (AD) suggests that they may share common neurobiologic abnormalities. METHODS The authors conducted a systematic review and identified microRNAs abnormally expressed in both AD and MDD. The pattern of microRNA regulation in each disorder and the genes regulated by each microRNA and the biologic processes and pathways regulated by these genes were identified. RESULTS Seventy-four microRNAs were abnormally expressed in AD and 30 in MDD; 7 were common for both disorders (hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-664a-3p, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-let-7g-5p, hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-26b-5p). These microRNAs interact with 45 validated genes, and the main biologic pathways and processes regulated by them were proteostasis control, maintenance of genomic integrity, regulation of transcriptional activity, immune-inflammatory control, and neurotrophic support. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that the maintenance of genomic integrity, proteostasis control, immune-inflammatory regulation, and neurotrophic support are key neurobiologic links between these conditions. A comprehensive hypothetical model for the interaction between MDD, aging, and the development of AD is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Mendes-Silva
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kelly Silva Pereira
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo de Souza Nicolau
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Moreira Silva-Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Breno S Diniz
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
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356
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Kato M, Wang M, Chen Z, Bhatt K, Oh HJ, Lanting L, Deshpande S, Jia Y, Lai JYC, O'Connor CL, Wu Y, Hodgin JB, Nelson RG, Bitzer M, Natarajan R. An endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated lncRNA hosting a microRNA megacluster induces early features of diabetic nephropathy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12864. [PMID: 27686049 PMCID: PMC5553130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to find better treatments for diabetic nephropathy (DN), a debilitating renal complication. Targeting early features of DN, including renal extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) and glomerular hypertrophy, can prevent disease progression. Here we show that a megacluster of nearly 40 microRNAs and their host long non-coding RNA transcript (lnc-MGC) are coordinately increased in the glomeruli of mouse models of DN, and mesangial cells treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1) or high glucose. Lnc-MGC is regulated by an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related transcription factor, CHOP. Cluster microRNAs and lnc-MGC are decreased in diabetic Chop-/- mice that showed protection from DN. Target genes of megacluster microRNAs have functions related to protein synthesis and ER stress. A chemically modified oligonucleotide targeting lnc-MGC inhibits cluster microRNAs, glomerular ECM and hypertrophy in diabetic mice. Relevance to human DN is also demonstrated. These results demonstrate the translational implications of targeting lnc-MGC for controlling DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Kirti Bhatt
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Hyung Jung Oh
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Supriya Deshpande
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Ye Jia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Y C Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - YiFan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85014, USA
| | - Markus Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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357
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Cohen PA, Donini CF, Nguyen NT, Lincet H, Vendrell JA. The dark side of ZNF217, a key regulator of tumorigenesis with powerful biomarker value. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41566-81. [PMID: 26431164 PMCID: PMC4747174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently described oncogene ZNF217 belongs to a chromosomal region that is frequently amplified in human cancers. Recent findings have revealed that alternative mechanisms such as epigenetic regulation also govern the expression of the encoded ZNF217 protein. Newly discovered molecular functions of ZNF217 indicate that it orchestrates complex intracellular circuits as a new key regulator of tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on recent research on ZNF217-driven molecular functions in human cancers, revisiting major hallmarks of cancer and highlighting the downstream molecular targets and signaling pathways of ZNF217. We also discuss the exciting translational medicine investigating ZNF217 expression levels as a new powerful biomarker, and ZNF217 as a candidate target for future anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale A Cohen
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Caterina F Donini
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nhan T Nguyen
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julie A Vendrell
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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358
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Yuan K, Zhang X, Lv L, Zhang J, Liang W, Wang P. Fine-tuning the expression of microRNA-155 controls acetaminophen-induced liver inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:339-346. [PMID: 27673475 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of acetaminophen (APAP) in overdose can cause a potentially serious and fatal liver injury. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155), a multifunctional microRNA, is known to mediate inflammatory responses via regulating various target genes. In this study, we aimed to study the role of miR-155 in APAP-induced liver injury, using miR-155-/- mice and miR-155 in vivo intervention. We noted that miR-155 expression was significantly increased in liver and blood after APAP treatment. Knockout of miR-155 deteriorated APAP-induced liver damage, with the elevated serum levels of AST and ALT. The levels of various inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-6, were markedly augmented in livers in the absence of miR-155. Moreover, miR-155 deficiency aberrantly activated NF-kappa-B signaling via enhancing p65 and IKKε expression. Finally, in vivo administration of miR-155 agomir attenuated APAP-induced liver damage, reduced the serum levels of AST and ALT, and dampened the NF-kB signaling. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that miR-155 protects the mice against APAP-induced liver damage via mediating NF-KB signaling pathway, suggesting that miR-155 might be a potential pharmaceutic target for treatment of APAP-induced liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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359
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Husakova M. MicroRNAs in the key events of systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:327-42. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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360
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Torruella-Loran I, Laayouni H, Dobon B, Gallego A, Balcells I, Garcia-Ramallo E, Espinosa-Parrilla Y. MicroRNA Genetic Variation: From Population Analysis to Functional Implications of Three Allele Variants Associated with Cancer. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1060-73. [PMID: 27397105 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide variants in microRNA regions have been associated with disease; nevertheless, few studies still have addressed the allele-dependent effect of these changes. We studied microRNA genetic variation in human populations and found that while low-frequency variants accumulate indistinctly in microRNA regions, the mature and seed regions tend to be depleted of high-frequency variants, probably as a result of purifying selection. Comparison of pairwise population fixation indexes among regions showed that the seed had higher population fixation indexes than the other regions, suggesting the existence of local adaptation in the seed region. We further performed functional studies of three microRNA variants associated with cancer (rs2910164:C > G in MIR146A, rs11614913:C > T in MIR196A2, and rs3746444:A > G in both MIR499A and MIR499B). We found differences in the expression between alleles and in the regulation of several genes involved in cancer, such as TP53, KIT, CDH1, CLH, and TERT, which may result in changes in regulatory networks related to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, luciferase-based assays showed that MIR499A could be regulating the cadherin CDH1 and the cell adhesion molecule CLH1 in an allele-dependent fashion. A better understanding of the effect of microRNA variants associated with disease could be key in our way to a more personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Torruella-Loran
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hafid Laayouni
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Grup de Biologia Evolutiva (GBE), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Dobon
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alicia Gallego
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ingrid Balcells
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Ramallo
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, IBE, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, (Universitat Pompeu Fabra-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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361
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Irani S, Pan X, Peck BCE, Iqbal J, Sethupathy P, Hussain MM. MicroRNA-30c Mimic Mitigates Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18397-409. [PMID: 27365390 PMCID: PMC5000085 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High plasma cholesterol levels are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Plasma cholesterol can be reduced by inhibiting lipoprotein production; however, this is associated with steatosis. Previously we showed that lentivirally mediated hepatic expression of microRNA-30c (miR-30c) reduced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice without causing hepatosteatosis. Because viral therapy would be formidable, we examined whether a miR-30c mimic can be used to mitigate hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis without inducing steatosis. Delivery of a miR-30c mimic to the liver diminished diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in C57BL/6J mice. Reductions in plasma cholesterol levels were significantly correlated with increases in hepatic miR-30c levels. Long term dose escalation studies showed that miR-30c mimic caused sustained reductions in plasma cholesterol with no obvious side effects. Furthermore, miR-30c mimic significantly reduced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in Apoe(-/-) mice. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-30c mimic had no effect on LDL clearance but reduced lipoprotein production by down-regulating microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression. MiR-30c had no effect on fatty acid oxidation but reduced lipid synthesis. Additionally, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that miR-30c mimic significantly down-regulated hepatic lipid synthesis pathways. Therefore, miR-30c lowers plasma cholesterol and mitigates atherosclerosis by reducing microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression and lipoprotein production and avoids steatosis by diminishing lipid syntheses. It mitigates atherosclerosis most likely by reducing lipoprotein production and plasma cholesterol. These findings establish that increasing hepatic miR-30c levels is a viable treatment option for reducing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Irani
- From the Molecular and Cell Biology Program, School of Graduate Studies and Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203
| | - Bailey C E Peck
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York 11422, and Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501
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362
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Shen H, Yu X, Yang F, Zhang Z, Shen J, Sun J, Choksi S, Jitkaew S, Shu Y. Reprogramming of Normal Fibroblasts into Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts by miRNAs-Mediated CCL2/VEGFA Signaling. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006244. [PMID: 27541266 PMCID: PMC4991802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most common constituent of the tumor stoma, are known to promote tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. However, the mechanism of how cancer cells transform normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs is largely unknown. In this study, we determined the contribution of miRNAs in the transformation of NFs into CAFs. We found that miR-1 and miR-206 were down-regulated, whereas miR-31 was up-regulated in lung CAFs when compared with matched NFs. Importantly, modifying the expression of these three deregulated miRNAs induced a functional conversion of NFs into CAFs and vice versa. When the miRNA-reprogrammed NFs and CAFs were co-cultured with lung cancer cells (LCCs), a similar pattern of cytokine expression profiling were observed between two groups. Using a combination of cytokine expression profiling and miRNAs algorithms, we identified VEGFA/CCL2 and FOXO3a as direct targets of miR-1, miR-206 and miR-31, respectively. Importantly, systemic delivery of anti-VEGFA/CCL2 or pre-miR-1, pre-miR-206 and anti-miR-31 significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis, TAMs accumulation, tumor growth and lung metastasis. Our results show that miRNAs-mediated FOXO3a/VEGF/CCL2 signaling plays a prominent role in LCCs-mediated NFs into CAFs, which may have clinical implications for providing novel biomarker(s) and potential therapeutic target(s) of lung cancer in the future. During tumorigenesis, normal fibroblasts (NFs) within the tumor stroma acquire a modified phenotype and become cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs provide oncogenic signals to facilitate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Here, we set out to determine the factors that mediate the conversion of NFs into CAFs, focusing on miRNAs and secreted factors. Down-regulation of miR-1 and miR-206 and upregulation of miR-31 were found in CAFs derived from human lung cancer compared to paired NFs. Dysregulation of miR-1, miR-206 and miR-31 expression promotes the conversion of NFs into CAFs through regulating VEGFA, CCL2 and FOXO3a expression. In addition, down-regulation of miR-1 and miR-206 and up-regulation of miR-31 has been observed in lung cancer patient plasma. More importantly, we demonstrated that systemic delivery of anti-VEGFA/CCL2 or pre-miR-1, pre-miR-206 and anti-miR-31 dramatically decreased tumor angiogenesis, TAMs accumulation, tumor growth and lung metastasis. In conclusion, our data showed that miRNAs-mediated FOXO3a/VEGF/CCL2 signaling plays a prominent role in transforming NFs into CAFs, thus providing further support for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianxin Shen
- Department of Clinical Laborotory, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Swati Choksi
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siriporn Jitkaew
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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363
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Gareri C, De Rosa S, Indolfi C. MicroRNAs for Restenosis and Thrombosis After Vascular Injury. Circ Res 2016; 118:1170-84. [PMID: 27034278 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous revascularization revolutionized the therapy of patients with coronary artery disease. Despite continuous technical advances that substantially improved patients' outcome after percutaneous revascularization, some issues are still open. In particular, restenosis still represents a challenge, even though it was dramatically reduced with the advent of drug-eluting stents. At the same time, drug-eluting stent thrombosis emerged as a major concern because of incomplete or delayed re-endothelialization after vascular injury. The discovery of microRNAs revealed a previously unknown layer of regulation for several biological processes, increasing our knowledge on the biological mechanisms underlying restenosis and stent thrombosis, revealing novel promising targets for more efficient and selective therapies. The present review summarizes recent experimental and clinical evidence on the role of microRNAs after arterial injury, focusing on practical aspects of their potential therapeutic application for selective inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, enhancement of endothelial regeneration, and inhibition of platelet activation after coronary interventions. Application of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Gareri
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.)
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.)
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.).
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364
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Hyun J, Jung Y. MicroRNAs in liver fibrosis: Focusing on the interaction with hedgehog signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6652-6662. [PMID: 27547008 PMCID: PMC4970468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a repair process in response to damage in the liver; however, severe and chronic injury promotes the accumulation of fibrous matrix, destroying the normal functions and architecture of liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are quiescent in normal livers, but in damaged livers, they transdifferentiate into myofibroblastic HSCs, which produce extracellular matrix proteins. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling orchestrates tissue reconstruction in damaged livers and contributes to liver fibrogenesis by regulating HSC activation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small non-coding RNAs interfering with RNA post-transcriptionally, regulate various cellular processes in healthy organisms. The dysregulation of miRNAs is closely associated with diseases, including liver diseases. Thus, miRNAs are good targets in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including liver fibrosis; however, the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs that interact with Hh signaling in liver fibrosis remain unclear. We review growing evidence showing the association of miRNAs with Hh signaling. Recent studies suggest that Hh-regulating miRNAs induce inactivation of HSCs, leading to decreased hepatic fibrosis. Although miRNA-delivery systems and further knowledge of interacting miRNAs with Hh signaling need to be improved for the clinical usage of miRNAs, recent findings indicate that the miRNAs regulating Hh signaling are promising therapeutic agents for treating liver fibrosis.
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365
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Patil KM, Chen G. Recognition of RNA Sequence and Structure by Duplex and Triplex Formation: Targeting miRNA and Pre-miRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34175-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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366
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An HJ, Kwak SY, Yoo JO, Kim JS, Bae IH, Park MJ, Cho MY, Kim J, Han YH. Novel miR-5582-5p functions as a tumor suppressor by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells through direct targeting of GAB1, SHC1, and CDK2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1926-37. [PMID: 27475256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In the present study, we discovered and demonstrated the tumor suppressive function of a novel miRNA miR-5582-5p. miR-5582-5p induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. GAB1, SHC1, and CDK2 were identified as direct targets of miR-5582-5p. Knockdown of GAB1/SHC1 or CDK2 phenocopied the apoptotic or cell cycle arrest-inducing function of miR-5582-5p, respectively. The expression of miR-5582-5p was lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues of colorectal cancer patients, while the expression of the target proteins exhibited patterns opposite to that of miR-5582-5p. Intratumoral injection of a miR-5582-5p mimic or induced expression of miR-5582-5p in tumor cells suppressed tumor growth in HCT116 xenografts. Collectively, our results suggest a novel tumor suppressive function for miR-5582-5p and its potential applicability for tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju An
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gil 75, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kwak
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gil 75, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Ok Yoo
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gil 75, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gil 75, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwa Bae
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gil 75, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gil 75, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Yon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Ilsan-dong 162, Wonju, Kangwon-do 220-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Han
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gil 75, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea.
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Di Meco A, Praticò D. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:367-72. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Doldi V, Pennati M, Forte B, Gandellini P, Zaffaroni N. Dissecting the role of microRNAs in prostate cancer metastasis: implications for the design of novel therapeutic approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2531-42. [PMID: 26970978 PMCID: PMC11108520 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is a lethal disease that remains incurable despite the recent approval of new drugs, thus making the development of alternative treatment approaches urgently needed. A more precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer dissemination could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the design of efficient anti-metastatic strategies. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules acting as key regulators of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. It has been clearly established that altered miRNA expression is a common hallmark of cancer. In addition, emerging evidence suggests their direct involvement in the metastatic cascade. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the data generated in experimental tumor models indicating that specific miRNAs may impinge on the different stages of prostate cancer metastasis, including (i) the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell migration/invasion, (ii) the interplay between cancer cells and the surrounding stroma, (iii) the control of angiogenesis, (iv) the regulation of anoikis, and (v) the colonization of distant organs. Moreover, we show preliminary evidence of the clinical relevance of some of these miRNAs, in terms of association with tumor aggressiveness/dissemination and clinical outcome, as emerged from translation studies carried out in prostate cancer patient cohorts. We also discuss the potential and the current limitations of manipulating metastasis-related miRNAs, by mimicking or inhibiting them, as a strategy for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Doldi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Pennati
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Forte
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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369
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Ilekis JV, Tsilou E, Fisher S, Abrahams VM, Soares MJ, Cross JC, Zamudio S, Illsley NP, Myatt L, Colvis C, Costantine MM, Haas DM, Sadovsky Y, Weiner C, Rytting E, Bidwell G. Placental origins of adverse pregnancy outcomes: potential molecular targets: an Executive Workshop Summary of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:S1-S46. [PMID: 26972897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although much progress is being made in understanding the molecular pathways in the placenta that are involved in the pathophysiology of pregnancy-related disorders, a significant gap exists in the utilization of this information for the development of new drug therapies to improve pregnancy outcome. On March 5-6, 2015, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health sponsored a 2-day workshop titled Placental Origins of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Potential Molecular Targets to begin to address this gap. Particular emphasis was given to the identification of important molecular pathways that could serve as drug targets and the advantages and disadvantages of targeting these particular pathways. This article is a summary of the proceedings of that workshop. A broad number of topics were covered that ranged from basic placental biology to clinical trials. This included research in the basic biology of placentation, such as trophoblast migration and spiral artery remodeling, and trophoblast sensing and response to infectious and noninfectious agents. Research findings in these areas will be critical for the formulation of the development of future treatments and the development of therapies for the prevention of a number of pregnancy disorders of placental origin that include preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and uterine inflammation. Research was also presented that summarized ongoing clinical efforts in the United States and in Europe that has tested novel interventions for preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, including agents such as oral arginine supplementation, sildenafil, pravastatin, gene therapy with virally delivered vascular endothelial growth factor, and oxygen supplementation therapy. Strategies were also proposed to improve fetal growth by the enhancement of nutrient transport to the fetus by modulation of their placental transporters and the targeting of placental mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress to improve placental health. The roles of microRNAs and placental-derived exosomes, as well as messenger RNAs, were also discussed in the context of their use for diagnostics and as drug targets. The workshop discussed the aspect of safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of potential existing and new therapeutics that will need to be determined, especially in the context of the unique pharmacokinetic properties of pregnancy and the hurdles and pitfalls of the translation of research findings into practice. The workshop also discussed novel methods of drug delivery and targeting during pregnancy with the use of macromolecular carriers, such as nanoparticles and biopolymers, to minimize placental drug transfer and hence fetal drug exposure. In closing, a major theme that developed from the workshop was that the scientific community must change their thinking of the pregnant woman and her fetus as a vulnerable patient population for which drug development should be avoided, but rather be thought of as a deprived population in need of more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Ilekis
- Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Ekaterini Tsilou
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Susan Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - James C Cross
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacy Zamudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Nicholas P Illsley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Christine Colvis
- Therapeutics Discovery Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maged M Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - David M Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Carl Weiner
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Erik Rytting
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Gene Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Xiong G, Huang Z, Jiang H, Pan Z, Xie J, Wang S. Inhibition of microRNA-21 decreases the invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis via TGFβ/Smads signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:787-93. [PMID: 27635204 PMCID: PMC5010852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNA-21 (miR21) is aberrantly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, the significance of this microRNA in RA pathogenesis and treatment, however, has not been investigated. In this study, by using RA-derived fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cells as a model, we investigated the effect and corresponding mechanism of miR21 inhibition on FLSs invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS miR21 expression in synovial tissue and FLSs in RA patients and non-RA controls were determined by stem-loop RT-PCR. The effect of miR21 on FLSs viability and invasiveness were evaluated using miR21 inhibition. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and the expression of genes at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that miR21 expression was highly increased in synovial tissue and FLSs in RA patients. Also, we reported that miR21 inhibitor treatment could significantly suppress the invasiveness of FLSs without affecting cell viability. The decreased FLSs invasion by miR21 inhibition was associated with down-regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP3, and MMP13. Further analysis revealed that miR21 inhibition could suppress the expression of TGFβ1 and Smad4, but promote that of Smad7. Moreover, suppression of FLS invasion and MMPs expression by miR21 treatment could be counteracted by additional TGFβ1 treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that miR21 inhibition can down-regulate the expression of MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13 and consequently suppress the invasiveness of FLS, which is achieved through TGFβ1/Smad4/7 signaling pathway. The findings of this study could offer a novel approach for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxin Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China,Corresponding author: Gaoxin Xiong. The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China; Tel: +86-18119696575;
| | - Zhang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Shuangli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Man DK, Chow MY, Casettari L, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Lam JK. Potential and development of inhaled RNAi therapeutics for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:21-32. [PMID: 27108702 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to pose a serious threat to public health, and the situation is worsening with the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB. Current TB regimens require long duration of treatment, and their toxic side effects often lead to poor adherence and low success rates. There is an urgent need for shorter and more effective treatment for TB. In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a powerful tool for studying gene function by silencing the target genes. The survival of Mtb in host macrophages involves the attenuation of the antimicrobial responses mounted by the host cells. RNAi technology has helped to improve our understanding of how these bacilli interferes with the bactericidal effect and host immunity during TB infection. It has been suggested that the host-directed intervention by modulation of host pathways can be employed as a novel and effective therapy against TB. This therapeutic approach could be achieved by RNAi, which holds enormous potential beyond a laboratory to the clinic. RNAi therapy targeting TB is being investigated for enhancing host antibacterial capacity or improving drug efficacy on drug resistance strains while minimizing the associated adverse effects. One of the key challenges of RNAi therapeutics arises from the delivery of the RNAi molecules into the target cells, and inhalation could serve as a direct administration route for the treatment of pulmonary TB in a non-invasive manner. However, there are still major obstacles that need to be overcome. This review focuses on the RNAi candidates that are currently explored for the treatment of TB and discusses the major barriers of pulmonary RNAi delivery. From this, we hope to stimulate further studies of local RNAi therapeutics for pulmonary TB treatment.
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Sridharan K, Gogtay NJ. Therapeutic nucleic acids: current clinical status. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:659-72. [PMID: 27111518 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are simple linear polymers that have been the subject of considerable research in the last two decades and have now moved into the realm of being stand-alone therapeutic agents. Much of this has stemmed from the appreciation that they carry out myriad functions that go beyond mere storage of genetic information and protein synthesis. Therapy with nucleic acids either uses unmodified DNA or RNA or closely related compounds. From both a development and regulatory perspective, they fall somewhere between small molecules and biologics. Several of these compounds are in clinical development and many have received regulatory approval for human use. This review addresses therapeutic uses of DNA based on antisense oligonucleotides, DNA aptamers and gene therapy; and therapeutic uses of RNA including micro RNAs, short interfering RNAs, ribozymes, RNA decoys and circular RNAs. With their specificity, functional diversity and limited toxicity, therapeutic nucleic acids hold enormous promise. However, challenges that need to be addressed include targeted delivery, mass production at low cost, sustaining efficacy and minimizing off-target toxicity. Technological developments will hold the key to this and help accelerate drug approvals in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Sridharan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Nithya Jaideep Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. They have a long evolutionary history and are found in plants, viruses, and animals. Although initially discovered in 1993 in Caenorhabditis elegans, they were not appreciated as widespread and abundant gene regulators until the early 2000s. Studies in the last decade have found that miRNAs confer phenotypic robustness in the face of environmental perturbation, may serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of disease, underlie the pathobiology of a wide array of complex disorders, and represent compelling therapeutic targets. Pre-clinical studies in animal models have demonstrated that pharmacologic manipulation of miRNAs, mostly in the liver, can modulate metabolic phenotypes and even reverse the course of insulin resistance and diabetes. There is cautious optimism in the field about miRNA-based therapies for diabetes, several of which are already in various stages of clinical trials. This review will highlight both the promise and the most pressing challenges of therapeutic miRNA silencing in diabetes and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-protein-coding, single-stranded RNAs. They function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by interacting with target mRNAs. This process prevents translation of target mRNAs into a functional protein. miRNAs are considered to be functionally involved in virtually all physiologic processes, including differentiation and proliferation, metabolism, hemostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation. Many of these functions have important implications for anesthesiology and critical care medicine. Studies indicate that miRNA expression levels can be used to predict the risk for eminent organ injury or sepsis. Pharmacologic approaches targeting miRNAs for the treatment of human diseases are currently being tested in clinical trials. The present review highlights the important biological functions of miRNAs and their usefulness as perioperative biomarkers and discusses the pharmacologic approaches that modulate miRNA functions for disease treatment. In addition, the authors discuss the pharmacologic interactions of miRNAs with currently used anesthetics and their potential to impact anesthetic toxicity and side effects.
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375
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Mignogna C, Signorelli F, Vismara MFM, Zeppa P, Camastra C, Barni T, Donato G, Di Vito A. A reappraisal of macrophage polarization in glioblastoma: Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:491-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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376
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Sedaghat N, Fathy M, Modarressi MH, Shojaie A. Identifying functional cancer-specific miRNA-mRNA interactions in testicular germ cell tumor. J Theor Biol 2016; 404:82-96. [PMID: 27235586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged between 15 and 35 and more than 90% of testicular neoplasms are originated at germ cells. Recent research has shown the impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different types of cancer, including testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT). MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which affect the development and progression of cancer cells by binding to mRNAs and regulating their expressions. The identification of functional miRNA-mRNA interactions in cancers, i.e. those that alter the expression of genes in cancer cells, can help delineate post-regulatory mechanisms and may lead to new treatments to control the progression of cancer. A number of sequence-based methods have been developed to predict miRNA-mRNA interactions based on the complementarity of sequences. While necessary, sequence complementarity is, however, not sufficient for presence of functional interactions. Alternative methods have thus been developed to refine the sequence-based interactions using concurrent expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs. This study aims to find functional cancer-specific miRNA-mRNA interactions in TGCT. To this end, the sequence-based predicted interactions are first refined using an ensemble learning method, based on two well-known methods of learning miRNA-mRNA interactions, namely, TaLasso and GenMiR++. Additional functional analyses were then used to identify a subset of interactions to be most likely functional and specific to TGCT. The final list of 13 miRNA-mRNA interactions can be potential targets for identifying TGCT-specific interactions and future laboratory experiments to develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sedaghat
- Computer Engineering School, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
| | - Mahmood Fathy
- Computer Engineering School, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
| | | | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, United States
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377
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Li X, Su Y, Sun B, Ji W, Peng Z, Xu Y, Wu M, Su C. An Artificially Designed Interfering lncRNA Expressed by Oncolytic Adenovirus Competitively Consumes OncomiRs to Exert Antitumor Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1436-51. [PMID: 27196772 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous miRNAs, especially oncogenic miRNAs (OncomiR), have been molecular targets for cancer therapy. We generated an artificially designed interfering long noncoding RNA (lncRNAi), which contains the sequences that can complementarily bind to multiple OncomiRs and is expressed by cancer-selectively replicating adenovirus. The adenovirus-expressed lncRNAi with high levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells competes with OncomiR target genes to bind to and consume OncomiRs, thereby achieving the targeted anti-HCC efficacy. With the targeting replication of adenovirus in HCC cells, lncRNAi was highly expressed and resulted in decreased abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion, induced cell-cycle changes and apoptosis, and markedly changed the cellular mRNA and miRNA expression profiles in HCC cells. The optimal antitumor effect was also demonstrated on HCC cell line xenograft models and HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models in nude mice. This strategy has established a technology platform with a reliable therapeutic effect for HCC therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1436-51. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghan Su
- School of Life Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangxiao Peng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China.
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378
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Wolf S, Wu W, Jones C, Perwitasari O, Mahalingam S, Tripp RA. MicroRNA Regulation of Human Genes Essential for Influenza A (H7N9) Replication. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155104. [PMID: 27166678 PMCID: PMC4864377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are important pathogens of humans and animals. While seasonal influenza viruses infect humans every year, occasionally animal-origin viruses emerge to cause pandemics with significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates. In March 2013, the public health authorities of China reported three cases of laboratory confirmed human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, and subsequently there have been many cases reported across South East Asia and recently in North America. Most patients experience severe respiratory illness, and morbidity with mortality rates near 40%. No vaccine is currently available and the use of antivirals is complicated due the frequent emergence of drug resistant strains. Thus, there is an imminent need to identify new drug targets for therapeutic intervention. In the current study, a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was performed using microRNA (miRNA) inhibitors to identify new host miRNA targets that reduce influenza H7N9 replication in human respiratory (A549) cells. Validation studies lead to a top hit, hsa-miR-664a-3p, that had potent antiviral effects in reducing H7N9 replication (TCID50 titers) by two logs. In silico pathway analysis revealed that this microRNA targeted the LIF and NEK7 genes with effects on pro-inflammatory factors. In follow up studies using siRNAs, anti-viral properties were shown for LIF. Furthermore, inhibition of hsa-miR-664a-3p also reduced virus replication of pandemic influenza A strains H1N1 and H3N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Weilin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Olivia Perwitasari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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379
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Targeting oncomiRNAs and mimicking tumor suppressor miRNAs: Νew trends in the development of miRNA therapeutic strategies in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:5-32. [PMID: 27175518 PMCID: PMC4902075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) therapeutics in cancer are based on targeting or mimicking miRNAs involved in cancer onset, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Several studies conclusively have demonstrated that miRNAs are deeply involved in tumor onset and progression, either behaving as tumor-promoting miRNAs (oncomiRNAs and metastamiRNAs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review focuses on the most promising examples potentially leading to the development of anticancer, miRNA-based therapeutic protocols. The inhibition of miRNA activity can be readily achieved by the use of miRNA inhibitors and oligomers, including RNA, DNA and DNA analogues (miRNA antisense therapy), small molecule inhibitors, miRNA sponges or through miRNA masking. On the contrary, the enhancement of miRNA function (miRNA replacement therapy) can be achieved by the use of modified miRNA mimetics, such as plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences. Combination strategies have been recently developed based on the observation that i) the combined administration of different antagomiR molecules induces greater antitumor effects and ii) some anti-miR molecules can sensitize drug-resistant tumor cell lines to therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss two additional issues: i) the combination of miRNA replacement therapy with drug administration and ii) the combination of antagomiR and miRNA replacement therapy. One of the solid results emerging from different independent studies is that miRNA replacement therapy can enhance the antitumor effects of the antitumor drugs. The second important conclusion of the reviewed studies is that the combination of anti-miRNA and miRNA replacement strategies may lead to excellent results, in terms of antitumor effects.
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380
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Small-molecule approaches toward the targeting of oncogenic miRNAs: roadmap for the discovery of RNA modulators. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:803-16. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are a recently discovered class of small noncoding RNAs implicated in the regulation of gene expression. The deregulation of miRNAs levels has been linked to the development of various cancers where oncogenic miRNAs are overexpressed and tumor suppressor miRNAs are underexpressed. Here we report the three main strategies developed in order to discover small-molecule drugs able to selectively interfere with oncogenic miRNAs: the high throughput screening of large libraries of compounds, the focused screening of small libraries of molecules that are known to be able to interact with RNA thus being supposed modulators of miRNAs pathway and the design of small molecules based on the secondary structure of targeted RNA and/or three-dimensional structure of enzymes involved in miRNAs pathway.
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381
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YANG ZHUANGQING, CHEN DEDIAN, NIE JIANYUN, ZHOU SHAOQIANG, WANG JIANKUI, TANG QI, YANG XIAOJUAN. MicroRNA-143 targets CD44 to inhibit breast cancer progression and stem cell-like properties. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5193-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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382
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LIN XIAOCONG, XU YONG, SUN GUOPING, WEN JINLI, LI NING, ZHANG YUMING, YANG ZHIGANG, ZHANG HAITAO, DAI YONG. Molecular dysfunctions in acute myeloid leukemia revealed by integrated analysis of microRNA and transcription factor. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2367-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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383
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Pedersen IM, Zisoulis DG. Transposable elements and miRNA: Regulation of genomic stability and plasticity. Mob Genet Elements 2016; 6:e1175537. [PMID: 27511122 DOI: 10.1080/2159256x.2016.1175537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements, the class of mobile DNA sequences that change their copies or positions within the genome have an ever increasing role in shaping the genetic and evolutionary landscape. Approximately half of the mammalian genome is composed of repetitive elements, including LINE-1 (L1) elements. Because of their ability to "copy and paste" into other regions of the genome, their activation represent an opportunity as well as a threat, as L1-induced mutations results in genomic instability and plasticity. On one hand L1 retrotransposition and integration fosters genomic diversity and on the other, de-repressed L1 functions as a driver of diseases such as cancer. The regulation of L1 is an area of intense research and novel epigenetic mechanisms have recently been discovered to now include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miR-induced L1 silencing. During development, reprogramming and in transformed cells, specific classes of repetitive elements are upregulated, presumably due to the loss of epigenetic regulation in this process, increasing the risk of L1-induced mutations. Here we discuss how miR regulation of L1 activation fits into the complex picture of L1 repression in somatic cells and touch on some of the possible implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Munk Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios G Zisoulis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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384
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Brozovich FV, Nicholson CJ, Degen CV, Gao YZ, Aggarwal M, Morgan KG. Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:476-532. [PMID: 27037223 PMCID: PMC4819215 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Brozovich
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C V Degen
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - M Aggarwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - K G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
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385
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Horn MA, Trafford AW. Aging and the cardiac collagen matrix: Novel mediators of fibrotic remodelling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:175-85. [PMID: 26578393 PMCID: PMC4945757 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies to treat such conditions. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases dramatically with age, yet the majority of experimental research is executed using young animals. The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), consisting predominantly of fibrillar collagen, preserves myocardial integrity, provides a means of force transmission and supports myocyte geometry. Disruptions to the finely balanced control of collagen synthesis, post-synthetic deposition, post-translational modification and degradation may have detrimental effects on myocardial functionality. It is now well established that the aged heart is characterized by fibrotic remodelling, but the mechanisms responsible for this are incompletely understood. Furthermore, studies using aged animal models suggest that interstitial remodelling with disease may be age-dependent. Thus with the identification of new therapeutic strategies targeting fibrotic remodelling, it may be necessary to consider age-dependent mechanisms. In this review, we discuss remodelling of the cardiac collagen matrix as a function of age, whilst highlighting potential novel mediators of age-dependent fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux A Horn
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.06 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.06 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
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386
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Regulation of angiogenesis through the efficient delivery of microRNAs into endothelial cells using polyamine-coated carbon nanotubes. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1511-22. [PMID: 27013131 PMCID: PMC4949379 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) directly regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level and represent an attractive therapeutic target for a wide range of diseases. Here, we report a novel strategy for delivering miRNAs to endothelial cells (ECs) to regulate angiogenesis, using polymer functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs were coated with two different polymers, polyethyleneimine (PEI) or polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM), followed by conjugation of miR-503 oligonucleotides as recognized regulators of angiogenesis. We demonstrated a reduced toxicity for both polymer-coated CNTs, compared with pristine CNTs or polymers alone. Moreover, polymer-coated CNT stabilized miR-503 oligonucleotides and allowed their efficient delivery to ECs. The functionality of PAMAM-CNT-miR-503 complexes was further demonstrated in ECs through regulation of target genes, cell proliferation and angiogenic sprouting and in a mouse model of angiogenesis. This comprehensive series of experiments demonstrates that the use of polyamine-functionalized CNTs to deliver miRNAs is a novel and effective means to regulate angiogenesis.
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387
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Rangarajan S, Locy ML, Luckhardt TR, Thannickal VJ. Targeted Therapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Where To Now? Drugs 2016; 76:291-300. [PMID: 26729185 PMCID: PMC4939080 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an aging-associated, recalcitrant lung disease with historically limited therapeutic options. The recent approval of two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 has heralded a new era in its management. Both drugs have demonstrated efficacy in phase III clinical trials by retarding the rate of progression of IPF; neither drug appears to be able to completely arrest disease progression. Advances in the understanding of IPF pathobiology have led to an unprecedented expansion in the number of potential therapeutic targets. Drugs targeting several of these are under investigation in various stages of clinical development. Here, we provide a brief overview of the drugs that are currently approved and others in phase II clinical trials. Future therapeutic opportunities that target novel pathways, including some that are associated with the biology of aging, are examined. A multi-targeted approach, potentially with combination therapies, and identification of individual patients (or subsets of patients) who may respond more favourably to specific agents are likely to be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Morgan L Locy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Tracy R Luckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd THT 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2180, USA.
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388
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Vo DD, Tran TPA, Staedel C, Benhida R, Darfeuille F, Di Giorgio A, Duca M. Oncogenic MicroRNAs Biogenesis as a Drug Target: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on New Aminoglycoside Conjugates. Chemistry 2016; 22:5350-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Duy Vo
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR7272 CNRS, Parc Valrose; 06100 Nice France
| | - Thi Phuong Anh Tran
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR7272 CNRS, Parc Valrose; 06100 Nice France
| | - Cathy Staedel
- University of Bordeaux; ARNA Laboratory; 33000 Bordeaux France
- INSERM, U869; 33000 Bordeaux France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR7272 CNRS, Parc Valrose; 06100 Nice France
| | - Fabien Darfeuille
- University of Bordeaux; ARNA Laboratory; 33000 Bordeaux France
- INSERM, U869; 33000 Bordeaux France
| | - Audrey Di Giorgio
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR7272 CNRS, Parc Valrose; 06100 Nice France
| | - Maria Duca
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR7272 CNRS, Parc Valrose; 06100 Nice France
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389
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Denby L, Baker AH. Targeting non-coding RNA for the therapy of renal disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 27:70-7. [PMID: 26921871 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules representing a novel class of endogenous negative regulators of gene expression. MiRNA have the ability to bind to specific regions in the 3'UTR of mRNA and repress gene expression through interaction with the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). They have now been implicated in the pathophysiology of many kidney diseases, including the onset and progression of tubulointerstitial and glomerulosclerosis and have potential as biomarkers and as novel targets for treatment. The unique feature of miRNAs to target multiple mRNAs defines that targeting a particular miRNA for therapy could have a dramatic effect on the disease process. This review will focus on our current understanding of the role of miRNA in renal diseases, including diabetes, renal fibrosis, IgA nephropathy and explore the miRNA targets which represent the most promising in terms of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
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390
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Zhou L, Irani S, Sirwi A, Hussain MM. MicroRNAs regulating apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:2062-2068. [PMID: 26923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in many pathological conditions. Significant progress has been made to unveil their role in lipid metabolism. This review aims at summarizing the role of different miRs that regulate hepatic assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. Overproduction and/or impaired clearance of these lipoproteins from circulation increase plasma concentrations of lipids enhancing risk for cardiovascular disease. So far, three miRs, miR-122, miR-34a, and miR-30c have been shown to modulate hepatic production of apoB-containing low density lipoproteins. In this review, we will first provide a brief overview of lipid metabolism and apoB-containing lipoprotein assembly to orient readers to different steps that have been shown to be regulated by miRs. Then, we will discuss the role of each miR on plasma lipids and atherosclerotic burden. Furthermore, we will summarize mechanistic studies explaining how these miRs regulate hepatic lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipoprotein secretion. Finally, we will briefly highlight the potential use of each miR as a therapeutic drug for treating cardiovascular diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernández-Hernando and Yajaira Suárez.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhou
- School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, USA; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sara Irani
- School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, USA; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, USA; Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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391
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Dysregulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism is critical for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is involved in Aβ metabolism. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key regulator of ApoE lipidation, which affects Aβ levels. Therefore, identifying regulatory mechanisms of ABCA1 expression in the brain may provide new therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA-33 (miR-33) regulates ABCA1 and Aβ levels in the brain. Overexpression of miR-33 impaired cellular cholesterol efflux and dramatically increased extracellular Aβ levels by promoting Aβ secretion and impairing Aβ clearance in neural cells. In contrast, genetic deletion of mir-33 in mice dramatically increased ABCA1 levels and ApoE lipidation, but it decreased endogenous Aβ levels in cortex. Most importantly, pharmacological inhibition of miR-33 via antisense oligonucleotide specifically in the brain markedly decreased Aβ levels in cortex of APP/PS1 mice, representing a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain lipid metabolism, in particular Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) lipidation, is critical to Aβ metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain lipid metabolism is largely separated from the periphery due to blood-brain barrier and different repertoire of lipoproteins. Therefore, identifying the novel regulatory mechanism of brain lipid metabolism may provide a new therapeutic strategy for AD. Although there have been studies on brain lipid metabolism, its regulation, in particular by microRNAs, is relatively unknown. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of microRNA-33 increases lipidation of brain ApoE and reduces Aβ levels by inducing ABCA1. We provide a unique approach for AD therapeutics to increase ApoE lipidation and reduce Aβ levels via pharmacological inhibition of microRNA in vivo.
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392
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Abstract
The worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and the associated elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emphasized the need to seek new therapeutic targets to offset the negative impact on human health outcomes. In this regards, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing, have received considerable interest. miRNAs repress gene expression by their ability to pair with target sequences in the 3' untranslated region of the messenger RNA. miRNAs play a crucial role in the biogenesis and function of the cardiovascular system and are implicated as dynamic regulators of cardiac and vascular signaling and pathophysiology. Numerous miRNAs have been identified as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CVD. In this review, we discuss the contribution of miRNAs to the regulation of CVD, their role in macrovascular/microvascular (dys)function, their potential as important biomarkers for the early detection of CVD, and, finally, as therapeutic targets.
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393
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Glover AR, Hassan N, Joo LJS, Kwok G, Zhao JT, Sidhu SB. Could miRNA replacement be a novel therapy for adrenocortical carcinoma? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/ije.15.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has poor outcomes and there is a need for novel effective treatments for metastatic disease and adjuvant therapy. miRNAs are small endogenous noncoding RNAs that control gene expression. miRNAs are dysregulated in all cancers and manipulation of miRNA levels is under investigation as a novel therapy in other cancers with poor outcomes such as mesothelioma. In this review, the rationale for miRNA therapy will be presented along with the current understanding of the role of miRNA dysregulation and miRNA regulation of ACC. Potential therapeutic approaches of miRNA therapy using established delivery systems such as liposomes and targeted nanocells will be presented, along with the future challenges of establishing miRNA therapy in clinical trials for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Glover
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Vital Translational Research Unit, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Cancer Institute NSW, Australia
| | - Nunki Hassan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lauren Jin Suk Joo
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grace Kwok
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Ting Zhao
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Vital Translational Research Unit, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Cancer Institute NSW, Australia
| | - Stan B Sidhu
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney Endocrine Surgery Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Vital Translational Research Unit, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Cancer Institute NSW, Australia
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394
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Cheng HS, Fish JE. Neovascularization Driven by MicroRNA Delivery to the Endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 35:2263-5. [PMID: 26490274 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry S Cheng
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- From the Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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395
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Goldgraben MA, Russell R, Rueda OM, Caldas C, Git A. Double-stranded microRNA mimics can induce length- and passenger strand-dependent effects in a cell type-specific manner. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:193-203. [PMID: 26670622 PMCID: PMC4712670 DOI: 10.1261/rna.054072.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short (17-26) noncoding RNAs driving or modulating physiological and pathological cellular events. Overexpression of miR-155 is pathogenic in B-cell malignancy but was also reported in a number of solid tumors-in particular, in breast cancer, where its role remains unclear and often contradictory. Using representative cell line models, we sought to determine whether the discrepant miR-155 effects in breast cancer could be explained by the heterogeneity of the disease. The growth of six breast cancer cell lines transfected with several miRNA mimics was analyzed. We found MCF-7 cell growth to be inhibited by miR-155 and miR-145 mimics, both 23-nt long, but not by a number of shorter mimics, including a universal commercial negative control. Microarray and Western blot analyses revealed induction of apoptosis, associated with interferon-β after activation of the double-stranded RNA sensor pathway. 3' Trimming of the miRNA mimics to 21 nt substantially reduced their growth-inhibitory potency. Mutating the canonical seed of the miR-155 mimic had no effect on the induced inhibition, which was abolished by mutating the miRNA seed of the artificial passenger strand. A panel of breast cancer cell lines showed a wide range of sensitivities to 23-mer mimics, broadly consistent with the sensitivity of the cell lines to Poly (I:C). We demonstrate two sources for nonspecific in vitro effects by miRNA mimics: duplex length and the artificial passenger strand. We highlight the danger of a universal 21-mer negative control and the importance of using matched seed mutants for reliable interpretation of phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae A Goldgraben
- Cancer Research UK-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Roslin Russell
- Cancer Research UK-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Git
- Cancer Research UK-Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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396
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Durso M, Gaglione M, Piras L, Mercurio ME, Terreri S, Olivieri M, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Incoronato M, Grieco P, Orsini G, Tonon G, Messere A, Cimmino A. Chemical modifications in the seed region of miRNAs 221/222 increase the silencing performances in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 111:15-25. [PMID: 26854374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) are characterized by KIT gene overexpression, which in turn is regulated by levels of microRNA 221 and microRNA 222. GISTs can also be distinguished by their miRNAs expression profile in which miRNAs 221/222 result reduced in comparison with GI normal tissues. In this paper, to restore normal miRNAs levels and to improve the silencing performances of miRNAs 221/222, new miRNA mimics in which guide strands are modified by Phosphorothioate (PS) and/or 2'-O-methyl RNA (2'-OMe) inside and outside the seed region, were synthesized and tested in GIST48 cells. We evaluated the positional effect of the chemical modifications on the miRNAs silencing activity, compared to natural and several commercial miRNA mimics. Our results show that chemically modified miRNAs 221/222 with alternating 2'-OMe-PS and natural nucleotides in the seed region are effective inhibitors of KIT gene expression and exhibit increased stability in rat plasma. Besides, their transfection in GIST 48 cells showed significant effects on different cellular processes in which KIT plays a functional role for tumor development (such as migration, cell proliferation, and apoptosis). Therefore, modified miRNAs 221/222 may provide an alternative therapeutic option for GIST treatment also aimed to overcome drug resistance concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montano Durso
- Institute of Genetic and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gaglione
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Linda Piras
- National Research Council-CNR, Institute of Crystallography-IC, Via G. Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Emilia Mercurio
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Institute of Genetic and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Olivieri
- Institute of Genetic and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Messere
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetic and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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397
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Meng F, Wang J, Dai E, Yang F, Chen X, Wang S, Yu X, Liu D, Jiang W. Psmir: a database of potential associations between small molecules and miRNAs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19264. [PMID: 26759061 PMCID: PMC4713048 DOI: 10.1038/srep19264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are key post-transcriptional regulators of many essential biological processes, and their dysregulation has been validated in almost all human cancers. Restoring aberrantly expressed miRNAs might be a novel therapeutics. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that small molecular compounds can affect miRNA expression. Thus, prediction of associations between small molecules and miRNAs is important for investigation of miRNA-targeted drugs. Here, we analyzed 39 miRNA-perturbed gene expression profiles, and then calculated the similarity of transcription responses between miRNA perturbation and drug treatment to predict drug-miRNA associations. At the significance level of 0.05, we obtained 6501 candidate associations between 1295 small molecules and 25 miRNAs, which included 624 FDA approved drugs. Finally, we constructed the Psmir database to store all potential associations and the related materials. In a word, Psmir served as a valuable resource for dissecting the biological significance in small molecules’ effects on miRNA expression, which will facilitate developing novel potential therapeutic targets or treatments for human cancers. Psmir is supported by all major browsers, and is freely available at http://www.bio-bigdata.com/Psmir/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Meng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Enyu Dai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Xuexin Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Dianming Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, P. R. China
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398
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Akhtar MM, Micolucci L, Islam MS, Olivieri F, Procopio AD. Bioinformatic tools for microRNA dissection. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:24-44. [PMID: 26578605 PMCID: PMC4705652 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important elements of gene regulatory networks. MiRNAs are endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNAs (~22-nt long) that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Through pairing with mRNA, miRNAs can down-regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation or stimulating mRNA degradation. In some cases they can also up-regulate the expression of a target gene. MiRNAs influence a variety of cellular pathways that range from development to carcinogenesis. The involvement of miRNAs in several human diseases, particularly cancer, makes them potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Recent technological advances, especially high-throughput sequencing, have led to an exponential growth in the generation of miRNA-related data. A number of bioinformatic tools and databases have been devised to manage this growing body of data. We analyze 129 miRNA tools that are being used in diverse areas of miRNA research, to assist investigators in choosing the most appropriate tools for their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Mauluda Akhtar
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Computational Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy
| | - Luigina Micolucci
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Computational Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona 60121, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Italian National Research Center on Aging (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona 60121, Italy
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399
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Sardu C, Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Paolisso P, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Role of MicroRNA Changes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7292564. [PMID: 26636106 PMCID: PMC4655265 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7292564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two growing and related diseases in general population and particularly in elderly people. In selected patients affected by HF and severe dysfunction of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), with left bundle brunch block, the cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT) is the treatment of choice to improve symptoms, NYHA class, and quality of life. CRT effects are related to alterations in genes and microRNAs (miRs) expression, which regulate cardiac processes involved in cardiac apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy and angiogenesis, and membrane channel ionic currents. Different studies have shown a different prognosis in T2DM patients and T2DM elderly patients treated by CRT-D. We reviewed the literature data on CRT-D effect on adult and elderly patients with T2DM as compared with nondiabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Sardu
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
- *Raffaele Marfella:
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400
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Modulation of Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Oxidative/Nitrative Stress in the Heart. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:3863726. [PMID: 26788247 PMCID: PMC4691632 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3863726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a frequent metabolic disorder associated with increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition to its well-known proatherogenic effect, hypercholesterolemia may exert direct effects on the myocardium resulting in contractile dysfunction, aggravated ischemia/reperfusion injury, and diminished stress adaptation. Both preclinical and clinical studies suggested that elevated oxidative and/or nitrative stress plays a key role in cardiac complications induced by hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, modulation of hypercholesterolemia-induced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress is a feasible approach to prevent or treat deleterious cardiac consequences. In this review, we discuss the effects of various pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, some novel potential pharmacological approaches, and physical exercise on hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative/nitrative stress and subsequent cardiac dysfunction as well as impaired ischemic stress adaptation of the heart in hypercholesterolemia.
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