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Wu NH, Ke ZQ, Wu S, Yang XS, Chen QJ, Huang ST, Liu C. Evaluation of the antioxidant and endothelial protective effects of Lysimachia christinae Hance (Jin Qian Cao) extract fractions. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:128. [PMID: 29636055 PMCID: PMC5894240 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Lysimachia christinae Hance is a traditional Chinese medicine with diuretic, detumescent, and detoxifying effects. Our aimed to optimize the extraction protocol to maximize the yield of flavonoids from Lysimachia christinae Hance, and evaluate the pharmacological activities of four fractions, namely, petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (NB), and aqueous (AQ) fractions, of the ethanolic extract of Lysimachia christinae Hance. Methods The flavonoid monomers in the crude extract were characterized via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were used as markers for extract quality control and standardization. The total flavonoid, total phenolic, and total polysaccharide contents of each fraction were determined by spectrophotometry. Further, the in vitro free radical (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals) scavenging activities, and antioxidant capacity in endothelial cells were evaluated for each fraction. Results After optimizing the extraction protocol to maximize the total flavonoid yield from L. christinae Hance, the NB fractions had the highest total flavonoid (39.4 ± 4.55 mg RE/g), total phenolic (41.1 ± 3.07 mg GAE/g) and total polysaccharide (168.1 ± 7.07 mg GE/g); In addition, the NB fraction of the ethanolic extract of L. christinae Hance reveal the strongest radical-scavenging activity, antioxidant activity and protective effects against H2O2-induced injury in HUVECs. Conclusions Among the four fractions of L. christinae Hance, the NB fraction showed the most potent antioxidant and endothelial protective effects, which may be attributed to its high flavonoid, phenolic contents and optimal portfolio of different active ingredients of NB fractions of the ethanolic extract of L. christinae Hance. This study might improve our understanding of the pharmacological activities of L. christinae Hance, thereby facilitating its use in disease prevention and treatment.
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352
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Gliadin Peptide Facilitates FITC Dextran Transport across the Non Everted Gut Sac of Rat Small Intestine. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86020013. [PMID: 29642636 PMCID: PMC6027670 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant protein. When administered orally, it has low bioavailability due to its low permeation. In a previous study we fused gliadin peptide P51 (LGQQQPFPPQQPYPQPQPF) and gliadin peptide P61 (QQPYPQPQPF) with SOD Citrus limon (SOD_Cl), namely GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61 to increase permeation of SOD_Cl through intestine. In this work, the permeation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Dextran 10 kDa, FD10 and 40 kDa, FD40 as paracellular transport markers across excised rat intestinal wall was investigated with the presence of GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61. A permeability study was performed using non-everted rat intestine by incubating FD10 or FD40 with SOD_Cl, and GliSOD_P61. The presence of SOD_Cl, GliSOD_P51 or GliSOD_P61 inside intestine (apical) and outside intestine (basolateral) was analyzed by protein electrophoresis. The concentration of FD that penetrated to the basolateral solution was analyzed by spectrofluorometry. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed the presence of GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61 but not SOD_Cl in basolateral compartment. The percentage of FD10 but not FD40 and SOD_Cl that penetrated to the basolateral solution significantly increased with the presence of gliadin in GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61. GliSOD_P51 and GliSOD_P61 are able to penetrate the rat intestinal epithelial membrane and the gliadin peptides facilitate FD10 to penetrate the epithelial.
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353
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Zamora-Gasga VM, Álvarez-Vidal C, Montalvo-González E, Loarca-Piña G, Vázquez-Landaverde PA, Bello-Pérez LA, Tovar J, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG. Gut metabolites associated with pH and antioxidant capacity during in vitro colonic fermentation of Mexican corn products. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Zamora-Gasga
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos; División de Estudios de Posgrado; Tecnológico Nacional de México; Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic; Tepic Nayarit México
| | - Carlos Álvarez-Vidal
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos; División de Estudios de Posgrado; Tecnológico Nacional de México; Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic; Tepic Nayarit México
| | - Efigenia Montalvo-González
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos; División de Estudios de Posgrado; Tecnológico Nacional de México; Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic; Tepic Nayarit México
| | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República; Facultad de Química; Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario; Santiago de Querétaro Querétaro México
| | - Pedro A. Vázquez-Landaverde
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Unidad Querétaro; Santiago de Querétaro Querétaro México
| | - Luis A. Bello-Pérez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI) del Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Yautepec Morelos México
| | - Juscelino Tovar
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Sonia G. Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos; División de Estudios de Posgrado; Tecnológico Nacional de México; Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic; Tepic Nayarit México
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Djukic M, Fesatidou M, Xenikakis I, Geronikaki A, Angelova VT, Savic V, Pasic M, Krilovic B, Djukic D, Gobeljic B, Pavlica M, Djuric A, Stanojevic I, Vojvodic D, Saso L. In vitro antioxidant activity of thiazolidinone derivatives of 1,3-thiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 286:119-131. [PMID: 29574026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The initial steps in preclinical drug developing research concern the synthesis of new compounds for specific therapeutic use which needs to be confirmed by in vitro and then in vivo testing. Nine thiazolidinone derivatives (numerically labeled 1-9) classified as follows: 1,3-thiazole-based compounds (1 and 2); 1,3,4-thiadiazole based compounds (3 and 4); substituted 5-benzylideno-2-adamantylthiazol[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-6(5H)ones (5-8); and an ethylaminothiazole-based chalcone (9), were tested for antioxidant activity (AOA) by using three in vitro assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity test); FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power test); and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances test). Compounds 1-4 and 9 in particular are newly synthesized compounds. Also, traditional antioxidants Vitamins E and C and α-lipoic acid (α-LA) were tested. The results of DPPH testing: Vitamin C 94.35%, Vitamin E 2.99% and α-LA 1.57%; compounds: 4 33.98%; 2 18.73%; 1 15.62%; 5 6.59%; 3 4.99%; 6-9 demonstrated almost no AOA. The results of TBARS testing (% of LPO inhibition): Vitamin C 62.32%; Vitamin E 36.29%; α-LA 51.36%; compounds: 1 62.11%; 5 66.71%; 9 60.93%; 4, 6 and 7 demonstrated ∼50%; 3 and 8 displayed ∼38%; 2 23.51%. By FRAP method, Vitamins E and C showed equal AOA, ∼100%, unlike α-LA (no AOA), and AOA of the tested compounds (expressed as a fraction of the AOA of Vitamin C) were: 2 and 4-75%; 8, 3 and 1-45%; 5-7 and 9-27%. Different red-ox reaction principles between these assays dictate different AOA outcomes for a single compound. Vitamin C appeared to be the superior antioxidant out of the traditional antioxidants; and compound 4 was superior to other tested thiazolidinone derivatives. Vitamin C appeared to be the superior antioxidant out of the traditional antioxidants; and compound 4 was superior to other tested thiazolidinone derivatives. Phenyl-functionalized benzylidene, amino-carbonyl functional domains and chelating ligand properties of the thiazolidinone derivatives correlated with AOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Djukic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mara Fesatidou
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iakovos Xenikakis
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Laboratory of Pharm. Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav 2, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Savic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marta Pasic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Krilovic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Djukic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr.Subotica 8, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borko Gobeljic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Pavlica
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr.Subotica 8, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djuric
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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355
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Khouloud A, Abedelmalek S, Chtourou H, Souissi N. The effect of Opuntia ficus-indica juice supplementation on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, and biochemical markers following yo-yo Intermittent recovery test. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:259-268. [PMID: 29564091 PMCID: PMC5849923 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a flavonoid-rich fresh fruit juice on cardiovascular, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters during the yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT). Twenty-two healthy males subjects participated in this study divided into two groups: An experimental group (EG: n = 11) who consumed the antioxidant supplement and a control group (CG: n = 11). All participants performed two test sessions at 07:00 hr before and after 2 weeks of supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica juice. Blood samples were taken before (P1) and immediately (P2) after the YYIRT. Our results showed that following the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ●) test, the Opuntia ficus-indica juice has an antioxidant capacity for capturing free radicals (p < .05) and reducing oxidative stress related to exercise. Concerning biochemical and cardiovascular parameters, our results showed a significant increase on total cholesterol (TC) (p < .01), triglycerides (TG) (p < .05), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < .01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < .01), creatine kinase (CK) (p < .01), lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) (p < .01), glucose (GLC) (p < .01), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < .01) immediately after exercise. However, TC (p < .05), TG (p < .05) and LDL (p < .05), the maximal heart rate (HRmax), the CK (p < .05), and LDH (p < .01) as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < .01) demonstrated a significant decrease after supplementation of Opuntia ficus-indica juice before and immediately after YYIRT. However, no significant effect on HDL (p > .05), GLC (p > .05) levels nor the SBP and DBP (p > .05) was observed after supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica juice. The supplementation leads to an improvement on YYIRT performance (The total distance covered during the YYIRT,VO 2max, VMA) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Opuntia ficus-indica juice has a potent antioxidant activity that reduces total and LDL-cholesterol with only a moderate lowering of HDL-cholesterol and oxidative stress. Moreover, supplementation decreases muscle damage caused by the endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloui Khouloud
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of BizerteUniversity of CarthageBizerteTunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Department of Physiology and functional explorationsSousse Faculty of MedicineSousseTunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
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356
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Postharvest UV-C application to improve health promoting secondary plant compound pattern in vegetable amaranth. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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357
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Liu H, Yu C, Xu T, Zhang X, Dong M. Synergistic protective effect of paeoniflorin and β-ecdysterone against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1354-1365. [PMID: 27688248 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are several factors, like oxidative stress and neurons loss, involving neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The combination of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent is becoming a promising approach to fight against PD. This study evaluates the hypothesis that paeoniflorin (PF) and β-ecdysterone (β-Ecd) synergize to protect PC12 cells against toxicity induced by PD-related neurotoxin rotenone. The combination of PF and β-Ecd, hereafter referred to as the PF/β-Ecd, at suboptimal concentrations increased the viability of rotenone-exposed PC12 cells in a synergistic manner. PF and β-Ecd cooperate to attenuate the rotenone-induced apoptosis by decrease in Bax expression, caspase-9 activity, and caspase-3 activity. PF or PF/β-Ecd, but not β-Ecd, inhibited rotenone-triggered protein kinase C-δkinase C-δ (PKCδ) upregulation and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. β-Ecd or PF/β-Ecd, but not PF, enhanced serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) activation, promoted nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation, suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Neuroprotection of PF/β-Ecd could be completely blocked by PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin plus Akt specific inhibitor LY294002. Dual blockade of the PKCδ/NF-κB pathway by PF and activation of Akt/Nrf2 pathway by β-Ecd results in a synergistic neuroprotective effect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. These findings provide the rationale for determining the in vivo activity of combined therapy with PF and β-Ecd against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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358
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Hacke ACM, Marques JA, Vellosa JCR, Boligon AA, da Silva FD, de Souza D, Bonini JS, Rocha JBT, Pereira RP. Ethyl acetate fraction of Cymbopogon citratus as a potential source of antioxidant compounds. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New fraction from a lemongrass acidic aqueous phase as a source of compounds with remarkable antioxidant properties by different in vitro mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Brazil
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359
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Tripathi R, Rao RP, Tsuzuki T. Green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles and evaluation of their catalytic detoxification of hexavalent chromium in water. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36345-36352. [PMID: 35558482 PMCID: PMC9088846 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium contamination in the aquatic environment is an urgent and serious issue due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects against living organisms. The present study demonstrates the capability of biogenic sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) for the reduction of hexavalent chromium into a less toxic state. A green approach was adapted for the synthesis of SNPs using F. benghalensis leaf extract which acts as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized SNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). TEM micrographs revealed that the zero-valent sulfur nanoparticles were in the range of 2–15 nm and the average size of 5.1 nm. The conversion rate of Cr(vi) into Cr(iii) in the presence of SNPs was 88.7% in 80 min. The optimum concentration ratio between SNPs and formic acid was 10 ppm : 480 mM. Biosynthesized sulphur nanoparticles showed high efficiency in the reduction of Cr(vi) even at a small catalyst/Cr(vi) ratio.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology
- Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | | | - Takuya Tsuzuki
- Research School of Engineering
- College of Engineering and Computer Science
- Australian National University
- Canberra ACT 2601
- Australia
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360
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Rusu ME, Gheldiu AM, Mocan A, Vlase L, Popa DS. Anti-aging potential of tree nuts with a focus on the phytochemical composition, molecular mechanisms and thermal stability of major bioactive compounds. Food Funct 2018; 9:2554-2575. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01967j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts, complete functional foods, contain macro- and micronutrients of high biological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca 400012
- Romania
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361
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Kumar A, Kumarchandra R, Rai R, Sanjeev G. Anticlastogenic, radiation antagonistic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Persea americana in albino Wistar rat model. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:488-499. [PMID: 29204177 PMCID: PMC5691575 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.217429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and antigenotoxic effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Persea americana (P. americana) in albino Wistar rats against whole body X-ray irradiation. Rats were orally administered with (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of P. americana leaf extract for five days. On the fifth day after last administration, animals were exposed to whole body X-rays of 8 Gy. Based on Kaplan Meier's survival analysis, 100 mg/kg body weight was selected as an optimum dose for radioprotection. The radioprotective potential was analysed by bone marrow micronucleus test and comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Biochemical estimations were performed in liver tissue homogenates. DNA damage indicators analysed through comet assay displayed significant reduction in olive tail movement (P < 0.01), percentage DNA in tail (P < 0.05) and tail length (P < 0.001) in pretreated group when compared to radiation group. P. americana leaf extract restored the levels of reduced glutathione, catalase, and reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and cyclooxygenase-2 levels in liver homogenates of pre-treated group. Decrease in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (P < 0.05) was witnessed in P. americana pretreated group when compared to radiation control. Pretreatment also resulted in the increase of animal survival with dose reduction factor of 1.28. Our findings for the first time demonstrated that P. americana offers significant protection to rats from whole body exposure to X-rays and helps in antagonising the radiation effects, thereby combating acute radiation induced damage in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amith Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma Kumarchandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Rai
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh Sanjeev
- Department of Physics, Microtron Centre, Mangalore University, Karnataka, India
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362
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Yang Q, Zhao C, Zhao J, Ye Y. Synthesis and neuroprotective effects of the complex nanoparticles of iron and sapogenin isolated from the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:428-434. [PMID: 27937035 PMCID: PMC6130765 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1245346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera var. monosperma Hung T. Chang (Theaceae) are currently discarded without effective utilization. However, sapogenin has been isolated and shows antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities suggestive of its neuroprotective function. OBJECTIVE In order to improve the activities of sapogenin, the nanoparticles of iron-sapogenin have been synthesized, and the neuroprotective effects are evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structural characters of the nanoparticles were analyzed, and the antioxidant effect was assessed by DPPH method, and the neuroprotective effect was evaluated by rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in Kunming mice injected subcutaneously into the back of neck with rotenone (50 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks and then treated by tail intravenous injection with the iron-sapogenin at the dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 7 days. Mice behaviour and neurotransmitters were tested. RESULTS The product had an average size of 162 nm with spherical shape, and scavenged more than 90% DPPH radicals at 0.8 mg/mL concentration. It decreased behavioural disorder and malondialdehyde content in mice brain, and increased superoxide dismutase activity, tyrosine hydroxylase expression, dopamine and acetylcholine levels in brain in dose dependence, and their maximum changes were respectively up to 60.83%, 25.17%, 22.13%, 105.26%, 42.17% and 22.89% as compared to vehicle group. Iron-sapogenin nanoparticle shows significantly better effects than the sapogenin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Iron-sapogenin alleviates neurodegeneration of mice injured by neurotoxicity of rotenone, it is a superior candidate of drugs for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
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363
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Liu H, Pei X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Qi B. Effect of loach paste on the liver and immune organs of D-galactose-induced ageing mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1376037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinli Pei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Qi
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Rajmohamed MA, Natarajan S, Palanisamy P, Abdulkader AM, Govindaraju A. Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Terminalia chebula: Cell-free In vitro and In silico Studies. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S437-S445. [PMID: 29142396 PMCID: PMC5669079 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_57_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by memory loss and impaired cognitive function. Cholinergic enzyme deficiency and oxidative stress are the two major factors implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. The symptomatic treatment, as of now, is the use of cholinesterase inhibitors toward cholinergic "downturn." Therefore, there is a search for compounds that will be useful in focused therapies. There has been suggestion that Terminalia chebula fruit would be a potential source. Objective To assess the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of T. chebula fruit which is widely practiced in the Ayurvedic medicines for memory enhancement. Materials and Methods Ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula fruit (TCEA) was subjected to phytochemical investigation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities and cell-free antioxidant activity. TCEA was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. The bioactive compounds were analyzed for molecular docking with AChE and BuChE proteins. Results TCEA exhibited potent AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities comparable to the standard drug donepezil. In vitro cell-free antioxidant assays demonstrated that TCEA possesses excellent free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and potent metal-chelating activity. Total polyphenolic content of TCEA was 596.75 ± 0.35 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg of extract, which correlates with the antioxidant activity of TCEA. Molecular docking of compounds expounded in GC-MS analysis for AChE and BuChE enzyme activities revealed that methyl N-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-beta-l-aspartyl)-beta-d-glucosaminide as the most potent compound with good predicted activities. Conclusion Overall, the results revealed that the bioactive molecule methyl N-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-beta-l-aspartyl)-beta-d-glucosaminide present in TCEA is a potential depressant for the treatment of AD and related neurodegenerative disorders. SUMMARY The present study was carried out to assess the neuroprotective effect of Terminalia chebula fruit and its phytoconstituent. Phytochemical analysis of fruit ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula (TCEA) showed the presence of alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, and tannin. TCEA showed potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activities when compared to standard drug donepezil. Results of in vitro antioxidant assays revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and potent metal-chelating activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrum analysis illustrated the presence of 22 active compounds, among which methyl N-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-beta-l-aspartyl)-beta-d-glucosaminide exhibited potent AChE and BuChE inhibition analyzed through in silico studies. Abbreviations used: AD: Alzheimer's disease; TCEA: Ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula; GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrum; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; AChE: Acetylcholinesterase; BuChE: Butyrylcholinesterase; NFT: Neurofibrillary tangles; Aμ: μ-amyloid; NSAIDS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; RT: Room temperature; HCl: Hydrochloric acid; ATCI: Acetylthiocholine iodide; BTCI: Butyrylthiocholine iodide; BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; TCA: Trichloroacetic acid; GAE: Gallic acid equivalent; NICT: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology; 3D: Three-dimensional; PDB: Protein data bank; OPLS: Optimized potentials for liquid simulations; XP: Extra precision; SD: Standard deviation; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Asik Rajmohamed
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganthy Natarajan
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Premkumar Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader
- National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Archunan Govindaraju
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.,National Center for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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365
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Kim S, Lee H, Kim J, Oliveira F, Souto P, Kim H, Nakamatsu J. Laccase-mediated grafting of polyphenols onto cationized cotton fibers to impart UV protection and antioxidant activities. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Engineering Department; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801; Lima 32 Lima Peru
| | - Hyunkyung Lee
- Human and Culture Convergence Technology R&BD Group; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 143 Hanggaul-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si; Gyeonggi-do 426-910 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhea Kim
- Human and Culture Convergence Technology R&BD Group; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) 143 Hanggaul-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si; Gyeonggi-do 426-910 Republic of Korea
| | - Fernando Oliveira
- Engineering Department-Campus Blumenau; Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Rua Pomerode, 710-Salto Norte; Blumenau SC 89065-300 Brazil
| | - Pedro Souto
- Textile Engineering Department; Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém; Guimarães 4800-058 Portugal
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Clothing and Textiles; Sookmyung Women's University; Yongsan-gu Seoul 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Javier Nakamatsu
- Science Department; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801; Lima 32 Lima Peru
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366
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Development of edible films based on Brazilian pine seed (Araucaria angustifolia) flour reinforced with husk powder. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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367
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Usha T, Pradhan S, Goyal AK, Dhivya S, Kumar HPP, Singh MK, Joshi N, Basistha BC, Murthy KRS, Selvaraj S, Middha SK. Molecular Simulation-based Combinatorial Modeling and Antioxidant Activities of Zingiberaceae Family Rhizomes. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S715-S722. [PMID: 29142438 PMCID: PMC5669121 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_82_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this scientific report was to investigate a series of phytochemicals in silico and the pharmacology of four plants found at higher altitude in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae (incl. Costaceae) from North-East India, particularly Sikkim. First, the goal was to determine the biological activities of the four herbs (used under Zingiberaceae family) using antioxidant assays to identify the best species. Second, previously reported compounds in litero were subsequently screened for their anticancerous activities using in silico methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the methanolic extracts of herbs, quantitative detection of phytochemicals such as total phenols and total flavonoids was detected, and the free radical scavenging activity was also studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Docking process was studied, using Discovery Studio version 3.5, to identify suitable molecules at the protein-binding sites through annealing and genetic simulation algorithms. Grids centered on active sites were obtained with spacing of 54 × 55 × 56, and 0.503 grid spacing was calculated. The methods adopted and used in this study were comparisons of Global and Local Search Methods to determine the parameters such as maximum number of 250,000 energy evaluations as well as generations of 27,000, followed by mutation and crossover rates of 0.02 and 0.80. The number of docking runs was set to 10. Molecular dynamics study was done to check the stability of the complex. RESULTS Among all the genus of Zingiberaceae family investigated in this study, Curcuma angustifolia and Hedychium sp. exhibited the highest 537 ± 12.45; 292 ± 9.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/g total polyphenols and 38 ± 1.54; 75 ± 6.75 mg quercetin equivalent/g flavonoids, respectively. Depending on the concentration, the Hedychium sp. extract exerted the highest scavenging activity on DPPH radical (IC50 36.4 μg/mL). In silico result demonstrated that the synergetic effects of β-phellandrene with other compounds might be responsible for its anticancerous activity. β-phellandrene and farnesene epoxide showed bonding with Leu298, Ala302, Met336, Leu339, Leu343, Phe356, Ala302, Glu305, Met340, Leu343, Arg346, Phe356, Ile373, Ile376, Leu380, His475, Leu476, and Leu491. CONCLUSION Based on the current available literature, this is the first study to understand the interaction of compounds found in the rhizomes of Zingiberaceae family. SUMMARY The aqueous methanolic extract of Zingiberaceae family Curcuma angustifolia and Hedychium sp. has potent antioxidant activity as assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl assaysHedychium sp. is understood to possess more active compounds than other varietiesIn silico studies indicated synergetic effects of β-phellandrene and other compounds for its anticancerous activity. Abbreviations used: CADD: Computer-aided drug designing; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; ADMET: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion-toxicity; FeCl3: Ferric chloride; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl; NaNO2: Sodium nitrite; TCA: Trichloroacetic acid; K2HPO4: Di-potassium hydrogen phosphate; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; KH2PO4: Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate, K2Fe (CN)6: Potassium ferricyanide; KOH: Potassium hydroxide; NaOH: Sodium hydroxide; Na2CO3: Sodium carbonate; CH3COONa: Sodium acetate; AlCl3: Aluminum chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talambedu Usha
- DBT-BIF Facility, Biotechnology Finishing School, Science Research Centre, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushen Pradhan
- Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Centre for Bamboo Studies, Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, Assam, India
| | - Shanmugarajan Dhivya
- DBT-BIF Facility, Biotechnology Finishing School, Science Research Centre, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H. P. Prashanth Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelu Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | | | - Saravanakumar Selvaraj
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- DBT-BIF Facility, Biotechnology Finishing School, Science Research Centre, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abd El-Moneam NM, Shreadah MA, El-Assar SA, Nabil-Adam A. Protective role of antioxidants capacity of Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract against mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)-induced hepatic toxicity in mice liver: biomarkers and ultrastructural study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22061-22072. [PMID: 28791578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates the hepatoprotective effect of Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract against POPs intoxication on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in mice liver tissue. In the present study, the mice BALB/C were assigned into four groups: group I: received saline subcutaneously for 7 days and served as negative control; group II: received subcutaneously for 7 days, 130.6 mg/100 g/b. w/day POPs mixture(mixture of PCB 28, PCB 52,, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 153, PCB 138 and PCB 180, alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-Hexachloro-cyclohexane, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, Aldrin, O,P'-DDE, Dieldrin, P,p DDE, O,P DDD, Endrin, P,p DDD and P,pDDT were extracted from sediments collected from Lake Mariout), and served as induced group; group III: pretreated with Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract for 7 days, as a protection dose and then treated with POPs as group II and served as protective group; and group IV: received i.p Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract of dose 0.7 mg/100 g b.wt/day for 7 days and served as positive control. After 7 days (experimental period), mice were scarified and the liver was harvested for biochemical estimation. Significant reduction in lipid peroxidation (p < 0.002) was noticed compared to POPs-protected group. The antioxidant biomarkers levels were significantly increase as the hepatic GSH and GST increased by 69.9 and 89.9%, respectively. Such increase was accompanied by a decrease in tyrosine kinase activity by 59.82%, additionally remarkable histopathological changes in liver tissue indicate the protective effect of Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract. The results of this study revealed that the Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract has the potential to diminish the destructive effect of POPs intoxication through enhancement of the endogenous antioxidant status. The hepatoprotective activity of Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract is mediated, by the antioxidant effect of its active constituents. The active constituents of Hyrtios aff. Erectus sponge extract were identified by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad M Abd El-Moneam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shreadah
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Lab (MBNP), National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samy A El-Assar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Nabil-Adam
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Lab (MBNP), National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, Egypt.
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369
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Kasote DM, Pawar MV, Bhatia RS, Nandre VS, Gundu SS, Jagtap SD, Kulkarni MV. HPLC, NMR based chemical profiling and biological characterisation of Indian propolis. Fitoterapia 2017; 122:52-60. [PMID: 28842358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate chemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Indian Melifera propolis (IMP) samples collected from 13 different states. Chemical characterisation of ethanolic extracts of IMP (EEMP) samples was carried out by using HPLC and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of EEMP samples was measured by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of each EEMP sample tested against bacteria and yeast using a 96 well plate microdilution method. All EEMP samples had remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant potential of EEMP samples found to have a moderate positive correlation with their total phenolics and flavonoids content. Majority of EEMP samples had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤1mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. Chemometric analysis of 1HNMR data indicated that brown, green, green-brown, red and red-brown coloured IMP samples were chemically distinct from each other, and showed two separate clusters for northern and southern states propolis samples. HPLC analysis confirmed phenethyl caffeate was most common and abundant compound in IMP samples among studied compounds. In conclusion, this study may be helpful for defining the quality of IMP as a raw material, and also in finished food and health care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M Kasote
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Minal V Pawar
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Riya S Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinod S Nandre
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shridevi S Gundu
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohan V Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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370
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Yang H, Xue X, Li H, Tay-Chan SC, Ong SP, Tian EF. A new parameter to simultaneously assess antioxidant activity for multiple phenolic compounds present in food products. Food Chem 2017; 229:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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371
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Soto-Zarazúa MG, Bah M, Costa ASG, Rodrigues F, Pimentel FB, Rojas-Molina I, Rojas A, Oliveira MBPP. Nutraceutical Potential of New Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Ingredients for Beverage Preparations. J Med Food 2017; 20:1039-1046. [PMID: 28749738 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has been extensively used as animal feed, due to its fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins, being also a useful source of phenolic compounds with potential therapeutic benefits. Nevertheless, its potential use as human ingredient is scarce. The aim of this work was to assess the nutritional composition, amino acid profile, and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of freeze-dried juice (FDJ) and fibrous residual material (RM), two new alfalfa-derived products (Adps) recently launched as ingredients for beverage preparations. Results demonstrated a high content of proteins (23-30 g/100 g FDJ and 13-17 g/100 g RM), crude fiber (29 g/100 g RM), and minerals (such as sodium, calcium, iron, and zinc). No significant difference was found in caloric content (4 kcal/g). Essential and nonessential amino acids were quantified in both Adps being leucine and lysine the most abundant. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) and their changes along the different harvesting periods of the year were also examined. FDJ presented the highest TPC in May (19 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight [dw]), while in October TFC had the maximum value (4 mg catechin equivalents/g dw). Both products exhibited an interesting AOC by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. This study reports the nutraceutical potential of two new types of Adps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guadalupe Soto-Zarazúa
- 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico .,2 LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Moustapha Bah
- 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Anabela Silvia Gomes Costa
- 2 LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- 2 LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Botelho Pimentel
- 2 LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Isela Rojas-Molina
- 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Alejandra Rojas
- 1 Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
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Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:726-750. [PMID: 28739505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Softwood bark is an important source for producing chemicals and materials as well as bioenergy. Extraction is regarded as a key technology for obtaining chemicals in general, and valorizing bark as a source of such chemicals in particular. In this paper, properties of 237 compounds identified in various studies dealing with extraction of softwood bark were described. Finally, some challenges and perspectives on the production of chemicals from bark are discussed.
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373
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Patel S. Phytochemicals for taming agitated immune-endocrine-neural axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:767-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Madikizela B, McGaw LJ. Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims (Pittosporaceae): A review on a useful medicinal plant native to South Africa and tropical Africa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:217-230. [PMID: 28487118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims, a Pittosporaceae species, is used extensively in African traditional medicine (ATM) by various tribes. This review is an appraisal of the information concerning the description, distribution, conservation status, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of this species with the aim of reconciling it with its traditional use. MATERIALS AND METHODS A wide-ranging literature search was conducted using database platforms such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed and books including local reports and thesis submissions. RESULTS Ten categories to which P. viridiflorum finds use in traditional medicine (TM) were found, and they include well-being, wounds, treatment of veterinary ailments, gastrointestinal and sexually transmitted diseases, kidney, circulatory and inflammatory disorders, as well as diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, and malaria. Pharmacological tests conducted include those investigating antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal, antimalarial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and acaricidal properties. Promising activity was shown in a number of assays. Toxicological effects have also been reported from this species. However, it is recommended to conduct a detailed toxicological study, including genotoxicity, as this has not yet been evaluated. Compound(s) with antimalarial, anticancer and acaricidal properties have been isolated from P. viridiflorum. CONCLUSIONS The collective pharmacological and phytochemical properties of P. viridiflorum gives credence to the use of this plant species against various diseases in ATM, thus steering significant interest towards in vivo studies and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Madikizela
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa.
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Ganesan K, Jayachandran M, Xu B. A critical review on hepatoprotective effects of bioactive food components. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1165-1229. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1244154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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Song X, Wang Z, Liang H, Zhang W, Ye Y, Li H, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Weng H, Lu J, Wang X, Li M, Liu Y, Gu J. Dioscin Induces Gallbladder Cancer Apoptosis by Inhibiting ROS-Mediated PI3K/AKT Signalling. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:782-793. [PMID: 28656003 PMCID: PMC5485633 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC), highly aggressive form of cancer with an extremely poor prognosis, is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. In this study, we investigated the effects of dioscin (DSN) on human GBC and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects. The results showed that DSN significantly inhibited GBC cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, DSN induced GBC cell apoptosis via mitochondrial dependent apoptotic signalling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured, and ROS scavengers completely inhibited DSN-induced apoptosis and migration, indicating that ROS play an essential role in GBC progression. Western blot analysis showed that AKT activity was significantly downregulated after DSN treatment, and that inhibition/ectopic expression of AKT enhanced/abolished DSN-induced apoptosis but not migration. Furthermore, we confirmed the relationship between ROS and the PI3K/AKT pathway and found that DSN induced apoptosis by regulating ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling. Taken together, these findings indicate that DSN induces GBC apoptosis through inhibiting ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Liang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - HuaiFeng Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Weng
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolan Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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377
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Váradyová Z, Kišidayová S, Čobanová K, Grešáková Ľ, Babják M, Königová A, Dolinská MU, Várady M. The impact of a mixture of medicinal herbs on ruminal fermentation, parasitological status and hematological parameters of the lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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378
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Zhou X, Chen S, Wu H, Yang Y, Xu H. Biochemical and proteomics analyses of antioxidant enzymes reveal the potential stress tolerance in Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. Biol Direct 2017; 12:10. [PMID: 28476175 PMCID: PMC5418713 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-017-0181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall., an endangered species with significant ornamental and medicinal value, is endemic to the Changbai Mountain of China and can also serve as a significant plant resource for investigating the stress tolerance in plants. Proteomics is an effective analytical tool that provides significant information about plant metabolism and gene expression. However, no proteomics data have been reported for R. chrysanthum previously. In alpine tundra, the abiotic stress will lead to a severe over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many alpine plants overcome the severe stresses and protect themselves from the oxidative damage by increasing the ratio and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Results In our study, wild type and domesticated Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall. were used as experimental and control groups, respectively. Proteomics method combined with biochemical approach were applied for the stress tolerance investigation of R. chrysanthum at both protein and molecular level. A total of 1,395 proteins were identified, among which 137 proteins were up-regulate in the experimental group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were significantly higher and the expression of APXs and GPX were also increased in the experimental group. Moreover, the interaction network analysis of these enzymes also reveals that the antioxidant enzymes play important roles in the stress resistance in plants. Conclusions This is the first report of the proteome of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall., and the data reinforce the notion that the antioxidant system plays a significant role in plant stress survival. Our results also verified that R. chrysanthum is highly resistant to abiotic stress and can serve as a significant resource for investigating stress tolerance in plants. Reviewers This article was reviewed by George V. (Yura) Shpakovski and Ramanathan Sowdhamini. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-017-0181-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Silin Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China.
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379
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Liu C, Wang Y, Pan K, Wang Q, Liang J, Jin Y, Tariq A. The Synergistic Responses of Different Photoprotective Pathways in Dwarf Bamboo ( Fargesia rufa) to Drought and Subsequent Rewatering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:489. [PMID: 28421106 PMCID: PMC5378818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf bamboo-dominated forests are often subjected to temporary periods of drought due to rising air temperature and decreasing rainfall. Nevertheless, the relationship among CO2 assimilation, photoprotective pathways and metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains unexplored in bamboo species. Changes in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, energy partitioning, antioxidative system and compounds related to ROS metabolism in Fargesia rufa plants subjected to drought and subsequent rewatering were analyzed. Drought resulted in a reversible inhibition of photochemistry, particularly net CO2 assimilation, and lipid peroxidation due to ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, photoprotective pathways, including the water-water cycle (especially for moderate drought), and adjustment in antenna pigments, thermal dissipation and antioxidative defense capacity at organelle levels (especially for severe drought), were up-regulated at the stress phase. Conversely, photorespiration was down-regulated after drought stress. As a result, rewatering restored most of the photochemical activity under drought, especially moderate drought. Moreover, thermal dissipation under severe drought was still operated for avoiding high ROS levels after rewatering. Therefore, the synergistic function of these photoprotective pathways except photorespiration can protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage in response to varying intensities of drought stress when CO2 assimilation is restricted. This is helpful for the gradual recovery of photosynthetic capacity after rewatering. Thus, F. rufa plants can withstand drought and is capable of survival in such environment. HIGHLIGHTS 1. The effects of drought and subsequent rewatering on Fargesia rufa were studied.2. Drought resulted in a reversible inhibition of photochemistry.3. Photoprotective pathways except photorespiration were up-regulated at the drought phase.4. Rewatering rapidly restored photochemical activity, especially under moderate drought.5. Fargesia rufa plant is capable of resisting and surviving drought environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglun, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Jin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
| | - Yanqiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
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380
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Moyo S, Mavumengwana V, Kayitesi E. Effects of cooking and drying on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of African green leafy vegetables. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1289384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Moyo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - V. Mavumengwana
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E. Kayitesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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381
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Żabka A, Winnicki K, Polit JT, Maszewski J. Sanguinarine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis-like programmed cell death(AL-PCD) in root meristem cells of Allium cepa. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:193-206. [PMID: 28088021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A vast number of studies on plant cell systems clearly indicate that various biotic and abiotic stresses give rise to the uncontrolled increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess concentrations of ROS result in damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA, which may lead, in consequence, to the apoptotic cell death. The current study investigates the effects of sanguinarine (SAN), a natural alkaloid derived from the roots of Sanguinaria canadensis, on root apical meristem cells of Allium cepa. It is shown that SAN treatment generated large amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2·-). Oxidative stress induced in SAN-treated cells was correlated with DNA fragmentation, formation of micronuclei (MN), altered and 'degenerated' chromatin structures characteristic of apoptosis-like programmed cell death (AL-PCD). The experiments with SAN + MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor engaged in Topo II-mediated formation of cleavable complexes) and SAN + ascorbic acid (AA; H2O2 scavenger) seem to suggest, however, that the high level of H2O2 is not the only factor responsible for changes observed at the chromatin level and for the consequent cell death. Our findings imply that Topo II-DNA covalent complexes and 26S proteasomes are also involved in SAN-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
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382
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Lin WC, Deng JS, Huang SS, Wu SH, Lin HY, Huang GJ. Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of ethanol extracts from different varieties of Sanghuang species. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a rare fungal species that grows on wild mulberry trees, and its yield is much lower than that of valuable medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Ching Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- China Medical University
- Taichung 404
- Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
- Asia University
- Taichung 413
- Taiwan
| | | | - Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Biology
- National Museum of Natural Science
- Taichung 404
- Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- China Medical University
- Taichung 404
- Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources
- College of Pharmacy
- China Medical University
- Taichung 404
- Taiwan
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383
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Cimpeanu C, Predoi G. Antioxidant Capacity Determination in Plants and Plant-Derived Products: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9130976. [PMID: 28044094 PMCID: PMC5164913 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9130976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present paper aims at reviewing and commenting on the analytical methods applied to antioxidant and antioxidant capacity assessment in plant-derived products. Aspects related to oxidative stress, reactive oxidative species' influence on key biomolecules, and antioxidant benefits and modalities of action are discussed. Also, the oxidant-antioxidant balance is critically discussed. The conventional and nonconventional extraction procedures applied prior to analysis are also presented, as the extraction step is of pivotal importance for isolation and concentration of the compound(s) of interest before analysis. Then, the chromatographic, spectrometric, and electrochemical methods for antioxidant and antioxidant capacity determination in plant-derived products are detailed with respect to their principles, characteristics, and specific applications. Peculiarities related to the matrix characteristics and other factors influencing the method's performances are discussed. Health benefits of plants and derived products are described, as indicated in the original source. Finally, critical and conclusive aspects are given when it comes to the choice of a particular extraction procedure and detection method, which should consider the nature of the sample, prevalent antioxidant/antioxidant class, and the mechanism underlying each technique. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aneta Pop
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cimpeanu
- Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Predoi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
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384
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Yu H, Qiu JF, Ma LJ, Hu YJ, Li P, Wan JB. Phytochemical and phytopharmacological review of Perilla frutescens L. (Labiatae), a traditional edible-medicinal herb in China. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:375-391. [PMID: 27890564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a worldwide distributed plant, is an important economic crop and with a long cultivation history in China as well as some other countries in Asia. Except for the edible applications, the plant of P. frutescens is also traditionally used as a medicinal herb in China for thousands years. The leaves, seeds and stems of P. frutescens are recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopeia as three medicinal materials for various therapeutic applications. In the past decades, amount investigations have been done about different aspects for P. frutescens. However, no literature review about these works has been compiled. This review aims to present the findings of research conducted up-to-date (2015) on the traditional use, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities and toxicities of P. frutescens to provide scientific evidence for well-understanding and future research of P. frutescens. It was found that more than 100 compounds have been reported for P. frutescens and most of them are contributed to its medical benefits such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-microbial, anti-depressive and anti-cough effects. Toxicology studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety of P. frutescens to provide information on their dosages and usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; HKBU Shenzhen Research Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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385
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Rady MM, Hemida KA. Sequenced application of ascorbate-proline-glutathione improves salt tolerance in maize seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:252-259. [PMID: 27474846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of antioxidants exogenously-applied individually or in sequences in the improvement of salt tolerance in maize seedlings, and their effects on changes in the activities of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the concentrations of phytohormones in seedlings grown under 100mM NaCl stress were assessed. The efficiency of maize seedlings to tolerate salt stress in terms of growth was noticed to varying degrees with antioxidants applied singly or in sequences. The healthy growth of salt-stressed seedlings was correlated with the improvements in the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, the concentrations of osmoprotectants and phytohormones, and tissue health in terms of relative water content and membrane stability index. Results show that, seed soaking in AsA, GSH and proline applied in sequences (i.e., AsA0.50-Pro0.50-GSH0.50 or GSH0.50-Pro0.50-AsA0.50) was better than their applications individually. In addition, the sequenced application of AsA0.50-Pro0.50-GSH0.50 as integrated treatment was better, generating maize seedlings more tolerant to salinity than those generated from the sequenced application of GSH0.50-Pro0.50-AsA0.50. Therefore, we recommend using the sequenced application of AsA0.50-Pro0.50-GSH0.50 as integrated soaking treatment for maize to grow under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Khaulood A Hemida
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
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386
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Tan Y, Jiang N, Cao G, Ma X, Wang J, Cao Z, Yu B, Kou J. Ginsenoside Rg1 Protects against Oxidative Stress-induced Neuronal Apoptosis through Myosin IIA-actin Related Cytoskeletal Reorganization. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1341-1356. [PMID: 27877086 PMCID: PMC5118780 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The application of neuroprotectants rescuing the neurons from cytoskeletal damage and apoptosis can be a potential treatment for these CNS diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), one of the major active components of ginseng, has been reported possessing notable neuroprotective activities. However, there is rare report about its effect on cytoskeleton and its undergoing mechanism. The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. The Rg1 treatment also abolished H2O2-induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. These effects were mediated via the down-regulation of caspase-3, ROCK1 (Rho-associated kinase1) activation and myosin light chain (MLC, Ser-19) phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibiting myosin II activity with blebbistatin partly blocked the neuroprotective effects of Rg1. The computer-aided homology modelling revealed that Rg1 preferentially positioned in the actin binding cleft of myosin IIA and might block the binding of myosin IIA to actin filaments. Accordingly, the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 is related to the activity that inhibits myosin IIA-actin interaction and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway. These findings put some insights into the unique neuroprotective properties of Rg1 associated with the regulation of myosin IIA-actin cytoskeletal structure under oxidative stress and provide experimental evidence for Rg1 in CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.; School of Dentistry, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Yingqiong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yisha Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guosheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
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Raziq N, Saeed M, Ali MS, Zafar S, Shahid M, Lateef M. A new glycosidic antioxidant from Ranunculus muricatus L. (Ranunculaceae) exhibited lipoxygenasae and xanthine oxidase inhibition properties. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1251-1257. [PMID: 27670108 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1236098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Ranunculus muricatus L. (Ranunculaceae) led to the isolation of a new metabolite named as ranuncoside from the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant. Structure of the novel compound was elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analyses, using UV, IR, 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR in combination with EIMS and HR EI-MS techniques. The compound was evaluated for antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Its inhibitory potential was tested against lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase enzymes. Ranuncoside potently scavenged the DPPH free radicals (IC50 = 56.7 ± 0.43 μM) and strongly inhibited the activities of lipoxygenase (IC50 = 63.9 ± 0.17 μM) and xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 43.3 ± 0.22 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Raziq
- a Department of Pharmacy , Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- b Department of Pharmacy , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- c H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- d Institute of Chemical Sciences , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- a Department of Pharmacy , Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Lateef
- e Pharmaceutical Research Center , Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Complex , Karachi , Pakistan
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388
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Quan NV, Khang DT, Dep LT, Minh TN, Nobukazu N, Xuan TD. The Potential Use of a Food-Dyeing Plant Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr. in Northern Vietnam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An investigation on the current usage status and experience in usingPeristrophe bivalvis(L.) Merr. was conducted in the mountainous region of Northern Vietnam. Five varieties were collected and recorded as a source of foodstuff-dyeing and medicinal plants on indigenous knowledge of ethnic minorities in the study area, of which, three varieties were dyed purple, one red and one yellow-orange; with two varieties being used for the treatment of haemoptysis, dysentery, liver disease, kidney failure, and jaundice. Two extraction methods using organic solvents and aqueous solvent were applied to spectrophotometrically investigate the phytochemical contents ofPeristrophe bivalvisvarieties. Accordingly, the coloration components ofPeristrophe bivalvisvarieties were contributed by a complex compound of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins, flavonoids. Also, the total phenolics, total flavonoids and effect of extraction methods, dissolved solutions (water and methanol) on these contents were assessed. Besides, screening antioxidant capacity ofPeristrophe bivalvisvarietieswas assayed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method which showed stronger radical inhibition of organic extractions than that of aqueous extractions. The results of determination of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity support the knowledge and experience in usingPeristrophe bivalvisvarieties as natural dyeing production for food and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luan Thi Dep
- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
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389
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Nascimento da Silva LC, Bezerra Filho CM, Paula RAD, Silva e Silva CS, Oliveira de Souza LI, Silva MVD, Correia MTDS, Figueiredo RCBQD. In vitrocell-based assays for evaluation of antioxidant potential of plant-derived products. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:801-12. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1193668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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390
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Litchi chinensis: medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:492-513. [PMID: 26342518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae) has been widely used in many cultures for the treatment of cough, flatulence, stomach ulcers, diabetes, obesity, testicular swelling, hernia-like conditions, and epigastric and neuralgic pains. The ethnopharmacologial history of L. chinensis indicated that it possesses hypoglycemic, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet, anti-tussive, analgesic, antipyretic, hemostatic, diuretic, and antiviral activities. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the botanical characterization, distribution, traditional uses, and chemical constituents, as well as the pharmacological activities and toxicity of L. chinensis. Moreover, the focus of this review is the possible exploitation of this plant to treat different diseases and to suggest future investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS To provide an overview of the ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of litchi, and to reveal their therapeutic potentials and being an evidence base for further research works, information on litchi was gathered from scientific journals, books, and worldwide accepted scientific databases via a library and electronic search (PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library, and pubs.acs.org/journal/jacsat). All abstracts and full-text articles were examined. The most relevant articles were selected for screening and inclusion in this review. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the literature obtained through the above-mentioned sources confirmed that ethno-medical uses of L. chinensis have been recorded in China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines. Phytochemical investigation revealed that the major chemical constituents of litchi are flavonoids, sterols, triterpenens, phenolics, and other bioactive compounds. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from L. chinensis exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepato-protective, and immunomodulatory activities. From the toxicological perspective, litchi fruit juice and extracts have been proven to be safe at a dose 1 g/kg. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical investigations indicated that phenolics were the major bioactive components of L. chinensis with potential pharmacological activities. The ethnopharmacological relevance of L. chinensis is fully justified by the most recent findings indicating it is a useful medicinal and nutritional agent for treating a wide range of human disorders and aliments. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the mode of action of the active constituents and to fully exploit its preventive and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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