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Song CH, Kim N, Sohn SH, Lee SM, Nam RH, Na HY, Lee DH, Surh YJ. Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Colonic Permeability and Inflammation in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mouse Model. Gut Liver 2019; 12:682-693. [PMID: 30400733 PMCID: PMC6254630 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis. This dysfunction is caused by increased permeability and the loss of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether estradiol treatment reduces colonic permeability, tight junction disruption, and inflammation in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colon cancer mouse model. Methods The effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) were evaluated in ICR male mice 4 weeks after AOM/DSS treatment. Histological damage was scored by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the levels of the colonic mucosal cytokine myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the effects of E2 on intestinal permeability, tight junctions, and inflammation, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the expression levels of mucin 2 (MUC2) and mucin 4 (MUC4) were measured as target genes for intestinal permeability, whereas zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), and claudin 4 (CLDN4) served as target genes for the tight junctions. Results The colitis-mediated induced damage score and MPO activity were reduced by E2 treatment (p<0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier-related molecules (i.e., MUC2, ZO-1, OCLN, and CLDN4) were decreased by AOM/DSS-treatment; furthermore, this inhibition was rescued by E2 supplementation. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammation-related genes (i.e., KLF4, NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2) was increased by AOM/DSS-treatment and ameliorated by E2. Conclusions E2 acts through the estrogen receptor β signaling pathway to elicit anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier by inducing the expression of MUC2 and tight junction molecules and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
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4252
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Manna K, Mishra S, Saha M, Mahapatra S, Saha C, Yenge G, Gaikwad N, Pal R, Oulkar D, Banerjee K, Das Saha K. Amelioration of diabetic nephropathy using pomegranate peel extract-stabilized gold nanoparticles: assessment of NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling system. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1753-1777. [PMID: 30880978 PMCID: PMC6413818 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an end-stage renal disorder, has posed a menace to humankind globally, because of its complex nature and poorly understandable intricate mechanism. In recent times, functional foods as potential health benefits have been gaining attention of consumers and researchers alike. Rich in antioxidants, the peel and seed of pomegranate have previously demonstrated protection against oxidative-stress-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Purpose This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of pomegranate peel extract–stabilized gold nanoparticle (PPE-AuNP) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN in an experimental murine model. Methods Following the reduction methods, AuNP was prepared using the pomegranate peel ellagitannins and characterized by particle size, physical appearance, and morphological architecture. Modulatory potential of PPE-AuNP was examined through the plethora of biochemical and high throughput techniques, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. Results The animals treated with PPE-AuNP markedly reduced the fasting blood glucose, renal toxicity indices, and serum TC and TG in a hyperglycemic condition. As evident from an increased level of plasma insulin level, PPE-AuNP normalized the STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The STZ-mediated suppression of endogenous antioxidant response was restored by the PPE-AuNP treatment, which reduced the generation of LPO as well as iROS. Furthermore, the hyperglycemia-mediated augmentation of protein glycation, followed by the NOX4/p-47phox activation, diminished with the application of PPE-AuNP. The histological and immunohistochemical findings showed the protective efficacy of PPE-AuNP in reducing STZ-induced glomerular sclerosis and renal fibrosis. In addition, it reduced proinflammatory burden through the modulation of the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3/cytokine axis. Simultaneously, PI3K/AKT-guided Nrf2 activation was evident upon the PPE-AuNP application, which enhanced the antioxidant response and maintained hyperglycemic homeostasis. Conclusion The findings indicate that the use of PPE-AuNPs might act as an economic therapeutic remedy for alleviating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Supratim Mahapatra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Chirag Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
| | - Govind Yenge
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramkrishna Pal
- Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dasharath Oulkar
- National Referral Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India,
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4253
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The PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and Th1- and Th17-polarizing cytokines in human dendritic cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:371-380. [PMID: 30851246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CHF6001 is a novel, potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor in development for the treatment of COPD. When tested in vitro on human dendritic cells (DCs), CHF6001 decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), chemokines (CXCL8, CCL3, CXCL10 and CCL19) and of Th1- and Th17-polarizing cytokines (IL-12, IL-23 and IL-1β). In contrast to β-methasone, a reference steroid anti-inflammatory drug, CHF6001 increased the secretion of CCL22, a Th2 recruiting chemokine, and the expression of the lymph node homing receptor CCR7. Accordingly, the migration of DCs to CCR7 ligands was increased, while migration to pro-inflammatory chemokines was decreased. Of note, the action of CHF6001 was apparently mediated by a promoter-specific decrease in NF-κB p65 recruitment, independent of perturbation of LPS signalling or NF-κB nuclear translocation. Our results indicate that CHF6001 can modulate DC pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 polarizing potential by fine tuning the transcriptional activity of the master inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Therefore, CHF6001 may prove useful to control Th1/Th17-polarized inflammatory diseases such as COPD.
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4254
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Micheliolide Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice by Regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-kB Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:297-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4255
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Chalmers SA, Garcia SJ, Reynolds JA, Herlitz L, Putterman C. NF-kB signaling in myeloid cells mediates the pathogenesis of immune-mediated nephritis. J Autoimmun 2019; 98:33-43. [PMID: 30612857 PMCID: PMC6426635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis is a serious end organ pathology that commonly affects patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A classic murine model used to study lupus nephritis (LN) is nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN), in which mice are passively transferred nephrotoxic antibodies. We have previously shown that macrophages are important in the pathogenesis of LN. To further investigate the mechanism by which macrophages contribute to the pathogenic process, and to determine if this contribution is mediated by NF-κB signaling, we created B6 mice which had RelA knocked out in myeloid cells, thus inhibiting classical NF-κB signaling in this cell lineage. We induced NTN in this strain to assess the importance of macrophage derived NF-κB signaling in contributing to disease progression. Myeloid cell RelA knock out (KO) mice injected with nephrotoxic serum had significantly attenuated proteinuria, lower BUN levels, and improved renal histopathology compared to control injected wildtype B6 mice (WT). Inhibiting myeloid NF-κB signaling also decreased inflammatory modulators within the kidneys. We found significant decreases of IL-1a, IFNg, and IL-6 in kidneys from KO mice, but higher IL-10 expression. Flow cytometry revealed decreased numbers of kidney infiltrating classically activated macrophages in KO mice as well. Our results indicate that macrophage NF-κB signaling is instrumental in the contribution of this cell type to the pathogenesis of NTN. While approaches which decrease macrophage numbers can be effective in immune mediated nephritis, more targeted treatments directed at modulating macrophage signaling and/or function could be beneficial, at least in the early stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Chalmers
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sayra J Garcia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Joshua A Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Leal Herlitz
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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4256
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Hu TY, Ju JM, Mo LH, Ma L, Hu WH, You RR, Chen XQ, Chen YY, Liu ZQ, Qiu SQ, Fan JT, Cheng BH. Anti-inflammation action of xanthones from Swertia chirayita by regulating COX-2/NF-κB/MAPKs/Akt signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:214-221. [PMID: 30668431 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swertia chirayita, has been commonly used under the name "Zang-yin-chen" for the treatment of liver infections, inflammation, abdominal pain, and bacterial infection in traditional Tibetan medicine. However, the bioactive components with anti-inflammatory activities and underlying mechanisms remain poorly evaluated. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Repeated column chromatography yielded two main xanthones from petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate fractions of whole plants of S. chirayita, and their structures were determined as bellidifolin (1) and swerchirin (2) on the basis of spectroscopic data and literature analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of anti-inflammation of these two isolated xanthones were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages in vitro. RESULTS Anti-inflammation assay demonstrated that 1 and 2 inhibit the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Xanthone 1 also potently inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by suppressing the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Western blot showed that the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 MAPKs were remarkably attenuated by 1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, Compound 1 suppressed the phosphorylation of the inhibitor κB kinase-β (IKK-β), Akt, and p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). CONCLUSION The potent suppressive effects of 1 from S. chirayita on inflammatory mediators by blocking the expression of COX-2 and phosphorylation of Akt, IKK-β, MAPK and NF-κB, activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages suggest that 1 can be a preventive therapeutic candidate for the management of inflammatory-mediated immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yong Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Li-Hua Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Li Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wen-Hui Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Rong-Rong You
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Xue-Qing Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Shu-Qi Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jun-Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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4257
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Tabari FS, Karimian A, Parsian H, Rameshknia V, Mahmoodpour A, Majidinia M, Maniati M, Yousefi B. The roles of FGF21 in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:103-114. [PMID: 30879171 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FGF21 is a peptide hormone that regulates homeostasis of lipid and glucose as well as energy metabolism. It is mainly expressed and secreted in liver and adipose tissues, and it is expressed in lower amounts in the aorta. Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate increased serum FGF21 levels in atherosclerosis patients. Also, FGF21 therapy has been reported to reduce the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in animal models and in vitro studies. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that administration of exogenous FGF21 induces anti-atherosclerotic effects, because of its ability to reduce lipid profile, alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, FGF21 can not only be considered as a biomarker for predicting atherosclerosis, but also induce protective effects against atherosclerosis. Besides, serum levels of FGF21 increase in various diseases including in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, which may be related to initiating and exacerbating atherosclerosis. On the other hand, FGF21 therapy significantly improves lipid profiles, and reduces vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis related diseases. Therefore, further prospective studies are needed to clarify whether FGF21 can be used as a prognostic biomarker to identify individuals at future risk of atherosclerosis in these atherosclerosis-associated diseases. In this review, we will discuss the possible mechanism by which FGF21 protects against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Shanebandpour Tabari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Vahid Rameshknia
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Ata Mahmoodpour
- Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Faculty of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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4258
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El-Hawary SS, Ali ZY, Younis IY. Hepatoprotective potential of standardized Ficus species in intrahepatic cholestasis rat model: Involvement of nuclear factor-κB, and Farnesoid X receptor signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:262-274. [PMID: 30458280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ficus is an important commercial crop not only for its nutritive value but also, for its medicinal value. Several Ficus species have been traditionally used in the Egypt, Indian and Chinese as carminative, astringent, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic agents. AIM OF THE STUDY To standardize and compare the possible hepatoprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of leaves of five tested Ficus species namely: Ficus mysorensis Roth ex Roem. & Schult, Ficus pyriformis Hook. & Arn., Ficus auriculata Lour., Ficus trigonata L., and Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret in the intrahepatic cholestasis rat model induced by 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE) and to explore the mechanism of action with respect to their phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Determination of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chromatographic examination and acute oral toxicity test were performed on the tested Ficus extracts. Animals were divided into 8 groups. Group 1, served as control for 2 weeks. Group 2, untreated cholestatic rats. Groups 3-8, pretreated with Ficus extracts (100 mg/Kg/day, p.o) or ursodeoxycholic acid (as reference drug) for 2 weeks and injected by EE in the last 5 days. Serum liver function test, 5'-nucleotidase (5'-N), total bile acids (TBA), total cholesterol (T.C) and phospholipids were assayed. Also, hepatic Na+/K+-ATPase, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and markers of oxidative stress were investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking study was performed to explore the ability of the major constituents of Ficus to interact with Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). RESULTS Four phenolic compounds (gallic, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acids and rutin) were identified. Chlorogenic acid and rutin represented the major constituents of Ficus extracts. Simultaneous administration of Ficus extracts with EE effectively: i- preserved liver function, TBA, T.C and phospholipids, ii- suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and TNF-α), iii- enhanced hepatic regeneration (HGF) and antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, molecular docking reveals that rutin and chlorogenic acid effectively act as FXR agonists. CONCLUSION Among the tested extracts, Ficus spragueana Mildbr. & Burret enriched with phenolics exhibited a pronounced hepatoprotective activity and may provide a new therapeutic approach for estrogen-induced cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Y Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 12553 Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Y Younis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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4259
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de Oliveira AA, Davis D, Nunes KP. Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in metabolic syndrome: From bench to bedside. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1117-1122. [PMID: 31336453 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) play crucial roles in the underlying mechanisms of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Mainly, these receptors have been suggested to participate in the pathophysiological processes involved in the complications associated with this condition. Therefore, to evolve therapeutic strategies targeting PRRs might be an imperative approach to avoid the development of further complications in human subjects. In this work, we discuss the understanding regarding the roles of PRRs in the pathways of MetS to further describe potential advancements made to target these receptors within this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA.
| | - Destiny Davis
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, USA.
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4260
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Elkhoely A. Diallyl sulfide ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via suppressing stress-activated MAPK signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22307. [PMID: 30811752 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The underlined effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against CCL4 -induced oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic acute hepatic damage were assessed. Administration of DAS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) along with CCL 4 effectively mitigated serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 levels, as well as significantly restored HO-1, GSH levels and SOD activity in liver tissues compared with those in rats treated with CCL 4 . Moreover, DAS inhibited CCL 4 -induced increase of liver NF-κB (p65), Bax, p38 MAPK, and JNK protein expression. In addition, DAS accelerated protein expression of Nrf2 and Bcl-2. The hepatoprotective properties of DAS were further confirmed by the reduced severity of hepatic damage as demonstrated by histopathological findings. In conclusion, DAS achieved its protective potential against CCL4-induced hepatotoxicity through antiapoptotic activity, as well as the synchronized modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 for the favor of antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of the upstream stress-activated MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Elkhoely
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
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4261
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Ideozu JE, Zhang X, McColley S, Levy H. Transcriptome Profiling and Molecular Therapeutic Advances in Cystic Fibrosis: Recent Insights. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030180. [PMID: 30813620 PMCID: PMC6470978 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene disrupt the capacity of the encoded protein to function as a channel to transport chloride ions and water across cell membranes. The consequences are deleterious, system-wide, and immensely variable, even among patients with the same CFTR genotype. This underscores the need to characterize the mechanisms contributing to CF pathophysiology. Gene replacement and gene editing therapies have been pursued intensively and are expected to provide a one-time treatment for CF. However, gene replacement therapy is limited by the lack of efficient vectors to deliver functional copies of CFTR to cells without immunological complications, while gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 are still in their infancy, mainly useful in somatic cells and limited by off-target insertions. Small molecule treatments targeted at potentiating or correcting CFTR have shown clinical benefits, but they are limited to a few CFTR mutations and insufficient to overcome challenges related to clinical heterogeneity. Transcriptome profiling approaches have emerged as robust tools capable of characterizing phenotypic variability and revealing novel molecular targets with therapeutic potential for CF. We summarize current insights gained through transcriptome profiling approaches in CF studies and recent advances in molecular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Ideozu
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Susanna McColley
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Hara Levy
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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4262
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Fereig RM, Shimoda N, Abdelbaky HH, Kuroda Y, Nishikawa Y. Neospora GRA6 possesses immune-stimulating activity and confers efficient protection against Neospora caninum infection in mice. Vet Parasitol 2019; 267:61-68. [PMID: 30878088 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination has the potential to be the most cost-effective control measure for reducing the economic burden of neosporosis in cattle. In this study, the immune-stimulatory effect of recombinant Neospora caninum dense granule protein 6 (NcGRA6) was confirmed via its triggering of IL-12p40 production in murine macrophages. BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant NcGRA6 fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein with or without oligomannose-coated-liposomes (OMLs) as the potential adjuvant. Specific IgG1 antibody production was observed from 21 and 35 days after the first immunization in NcGRA6+GST- and NcGRA6+GST-OML-immunized mice, respectively. However, specific IgG2a was detected 1 week after the infection, and IgG2a levels of the NcGRA6+GST- group were higher than those of the NcGRA6+GST-OML-group. Moreover, spleen cell proliferation with concomitant interferon-gamma production was detected in mice immunized with NcGRA6+GST, indicating that a significant cellular immune response was induced. Mouse survival rates against N. caninum challenge infection were 91.7% for NcGRA6+GST and 83.3% for NcGRA6+GST-OML, which were significantly higher than those of control groups (GST-OML: 25%, phosphate-buffered saline: 16.7%). This indicates that naked NcGRA6+GST induced protective immunity. Thus, our findings highlight the immune-stimulating potential of NcGRA6 and the ability to induce protective immunity against N. caninum infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab M Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Naomi Shimoda
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hanan H Abdelbaky
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuroda
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kita-kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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4263
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Liao X, Zhou S, Zong J, Wang Z. Sevoflurane exerts protective effects on liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating NFKB3 expression via miR-9-5p. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2632-2640. [PMID: 30906455 PMCID: PMC6425234 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a critical contraindication of hepatobiliary surgery and results in severe liver damage. It is imperative to identify underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. In the current study, a rat model of liver IR was established to explore the mechanisms of sevoflurane during surgical intervention on IR. The detection of cytokines was performed using ELISA and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to detect mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. The target protein of microRNA (miR)-9-5p was identified by in vitro luciferase reporter assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V/propidium iodide and TUNEL staining assays. The results demonstrated that sevoflurane exerted protective effect against liver IR. Sevoflurane administration ameliorated a cytokine storm by decreasing serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and −6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and improved liver function was determined. IR-induced damage was mediated by an increase in transcription factor p65 expression and activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, which were suppressed by sevoflurane treatment. In situ analysis predicted that NFKB3, encoding for p65, may be targeted by miR-9-5p and the hypothesis was verified by in vitro reporter assays using wild type and mutant sequences of the NFKB3 3′-untranslated region. Furthermore, pretreatment of hepatic tissue with a miR-9-5p mimic inhibited IR-associated injury as suggested by the decrease in the Suzuki score and decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. The results indicated that sevoflurane protected the liver from IR injury by increasing miR-9-5p expression and miR-9-5p may be a potential treatment target in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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4264
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Anindya AL, Oktaviani RD, Praevina BR, Damayanti S, Kurniati NF, Riani C, Rachmawati H. Xylan from Pineapple Stem Waste: a Potential Biopolymer for Colonic Targeting of Anti-inflammatory Agent Mesalamine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:112. [PMID: 30761441 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have successfully conjugated mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) with xylan, a biopolymer isolated from pineapple stem waste, to form xylan-5-ASA conjugate. The biopolymer was used to provide colon-targeting properties for 5-ASA, a golden standard anti-inflammatory agent commonly used for ulcerative colitis treatment. A series of data from FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and HPLC confirmed the xylan-5-ASA conjugate formation. To ensure successful colon targeting properties, in vitro and in vivo drug release studies after oral administration of xylan-5-ASA conjugate to Wistar rats were performed. Xylan-5-ASA conjugate was able to retain 5-ASA release in the upper gastrointestinal tract fluid simulation but rapidly released 5-ASA in the rat colon fluid simulation. In vivo release profile shows a very low peak plasma concentration, reached at 6 h after xylan-5-ASA conjugate administration. The delayed release and the lower bioavailability of 5-ASA from xylan-5-ASA conjugate administration compared to free 5-ASA administration confirmed the successful local colon delivery of 5-ASA using xylan-5-ASA conjugate. The administration of xylan-5-ASA conjugate also exhibited greater efficacy in recovering 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colon ulcer compared to free 5-ASA administration. Taken together, xylan isolated from pineapple stem waste is promising to obtain colon targeting property for 5-ASA.
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4265
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Wang X, Son M, Meram C, Wu J. Mechanism and Potential of Egg Consumption and Egg Bioactive Components on Type-2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020357. [PMID: 30744071 PMCID: PMC6413102 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major global health challenges and a substantial economic burden. Egg and egg-derived components have been indicated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer activities. However, the scientific evidence about the benefits of egg on T2D is debatable. The relationship between egg consumption and the risk of T2D from observational epidemiological studies is not consistent. Interventional clinical studies, however, provide promising evidence that egg consumption ameliorates the risk of T2D. Current research progress also indicates that some egg components and egg-derived peptides might be beneficial in the context of T2D, in terms of insulin secretion and sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, suggesting possible application on T2D management. The current review summarizes recent clinical investigations related to the influence of egg consumption on T2D risk and in vivo and in vitro studies on the effect and mechanism of egg components and egg-derived peptides on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Chalamaiah Meram
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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4266
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Myeloid disorders after autoimmune disease. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2019; 32:74-88. [PMID: 30927978 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are associated with an increased risk not only of lymphoproliferative disorders but also of myeloid malignancies. The excess risk of myelodysplastic syndromes and/or acute myeloid leukemia is observed across several AD types, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, multiple sclerosis, among others. The risk of developing myeloid neoplasms (MNs) is dependent on several variables, including the specific AD type, chronicity and severity of the AD, type and duration of exposure of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or cytotoxics/immunosuppressives, and genetic predisposition risk. Putative triggering factors linking AD to elevated MN risk include AD-directed medications, shared genetic susceptibilities between the two disease entities, and chronic immune stimulation or bone marrow infiltration by the AD. Molecular mechanisms underpinning leukemogenesis remain largely speculative and warrant further investigation. Leukemias arising in patients with AD are not always 'therapy-related' in that MNs may develop in certain AD subtypes even among patients with no prior therapy exposure. Only a few studies have attempted to determine factors associated with MN development in AD but failed to demonstrate consistent characteristic clinical or paraclinical features. These reports have failed to demonstrate a clear correlation between individual agent exposure and subsequent leukemia development due to the low rates of therapy exposure compounded by the rarity of MN occurrence. Notwithstanding, the leukemogenic potential is best documented with agents such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone; this risk of MN development does not appear to be shared by biologic approaches such as anti-tumor necrosis factors-alpha inhibitors. In this article, we discuss plausible biologic mechanisms underlying MN pathogenesis in AD and review the data available on the development of MNs in patients with AD.
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4267
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Palikhe S, Ohashi W, Sakamoto T, Hattori K, Kawakami M, Andoh T, Yamazaki H, Hattori Y. Regulatory Role of GRK2 in the TLR Signaling-Mediated iNOS Induction Pathway in Microglial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:59. [PMID: 30778300 PMCID: PMC6369205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a ubiquitous member of the GRK family that restrains cellular activation by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) phosphorylation leading to receptor desensitization and internalization, but has been identified to regulate a variety of signaling molecules, among which may be associated with inflammation. In this study, we attempted to establish the regulatory role of GRK2 in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in microglial cells. When mouse MG6 cells were stimulated with the TLR4 ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and paclitaxel, we found that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) protein expression and activation was upregulated, transcription of interferon-β (IFN-β) was accelerated, induction/activation of STAT1 and activation of STAT3 were promoted, and subsequently iNOS expression was upregulated. The ablation of GRK2 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) not only eliminated TLR4-mediated upregulation of IRF1 protein expression and nuclear translocation but also suppressed the activation of the STAT pathway, resulting in negating the iNOS upregulation. The TLR3-mediated changes in IRF1 and STAT1/3, leading to iNOS induction, were also abrogated by siRNA knockdown of GRK2. Furthermore, transfection of GRK2 siRNA blocked the exogenous IFN-β supplementation-induced increases in phosphorylation of STAT1 as well as STAT3 and abrogated the augmentation of iNOS expression in the presence of exogenous IFN-β. Taken together, our results show that GRK2 regulates the activation of IRF1 as well as the activation of the STAT pathway, leading to upregulated transcription of iNOS in activated microglial cells. Modulation of the TLR signaling pathway via GRK2 in microglia may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailesh Palikhe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Wakana Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawakami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamazaki
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- The Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
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4268
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Kim YH, Kim YS, Kim BH, Lee KS, Park HS, Lim CH. Remote ischemic preconditioning ameliorates indirect acute lung injury by modulating phosphorylation of IκBα in mice. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:936-950. [PMID: 30614352 PMCID: PMC6381478 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518818300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury is responsible for mortality in seriously ill patients. Previous studies have shown that systemic inflammation is attenuated by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) via reducing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Therefore, we investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced indirect acute lung injury (ALI) can be protected by RIPC. METHODS RIPC was accomplished by 10 minutes of occlusion using a tourniquet on the right hind limb of mice, followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. This process was repeated three times. Intraperitoneal LPS (20 mg/kg) was administered to induce indirect ALI. Inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pulmonary tissue was excised for histological examination, and for examining NF-κB activity and phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα). RESULTS NF-κB activation and LPS-induced histopathological changes in the lungs were significantly alleviated in the RIPC group. RIPC reduced phosphorylation of IκBα in lung tissue of ALI mice. CONCLUSIONS RIPC attenuates endotoxin-induced indirect ALI. This attenuation might occur through modification of NF-κB mediation of cytokines by modulating phosphorylation of IκBα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young-Sung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kuen-Su Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon-Hak Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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4269
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Park J, Ha SH, Abekura F, Lim H, Chang YC, Lee MJ, Lee M, Lee YC, Kim CH. 4-O-carboxymethylascochlorin protected against microglial-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and BV2 cocultured cells from LPS-induced neuroinflammation and death by inhibiting MAPK, NF-κB, and Akt pathways. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1742-1753. [PMID: 30324762 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, structurally similar compounds of ascochlorin and ascofuranone exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. Neural inflammation plays a significant role in the commence and advancement of neurodegenerative diseases. It is not known whether 4-O-carboxymethylascochlorin (AS-6) regulates the initial stage of inflammatory responses at the cellular level in BV2 microglia cells. We here investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of AS-6 treatment in microglia cells with the microglial protection in neurons. We found that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of nitric oxide, a main regulator of inflammation, is suppressed by AS-6 in BV2 microglial cells. In addition, AS-6 dose-dependently suppressed the increase in COX-2 protein and messenger RNA levels in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Moreover, AS-6 inhibited the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglial cells. At the intracellular level, AS-6 inhibited LPS-activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in BV2 microglial cells. AS-6 negatively affected mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Akt phosphorylation: Phosphorylated forms of ERK, JNK, p38, and Akt decreased. To check whether AS-6 protects against inflammatory inducer-mediated neurotoxicity, neuronal SH-SY5Y cells were coincubated with BV2 cells in conditioned medium. AS-6 exerted a neuroprotective effect by suppressing microglial activation by LPS or amyloid-β peptide. AS-6 is a promising suppressor of inflammatory responses in LPS-induced BV2 cells by attenuating NF-κB and MAPKs signaling. AS-6 protected against microglial-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and BV2 cocultured cells from LPS-induced neuroinflammation and death via inhibiting MAPK, NF-κB, and Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Fukushi Abekura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakseong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jo Lee
- Department of Herb Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicinal Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Choon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicinal Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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4270
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Eirin A, Zhu XY, Woollard JR, Tang H, Dasari S, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Metabolic Syndrome Interferes with Packaging of Proteins within Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:430-440. [PMID: 30707002 PMCID: PMC6477000 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which shuttle proteins to recipient cells, promoting cellular repair. We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors may alter the pattern of proteins packed within MSC‐derived EVs. To test this, we compared the protein cargo of EVs to their parent MSCs in pigs with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Lean controls. Porcine MSCs were harvested from abdominal fat after 16 weeks of Lean‐ or MetS‐diet (n = 5 each), and their EVs isolated. Following liquid chromatography mass spectrometry proteomic analysis, proteins were classified based on cellular component, molecular function, and protein class. Five candidate proteins were validated by Western blot. Clustering analysis was performed to identify primary functional categories of proteins enriched in or excluded from EVs. Proteomics analysis identified 6,690 and 6,790 distinct proteins in Lean‐ and MetS‐EVs, respectively. Differential expression analysis revealed that 146 proteins were upregulated and 273 downregulated in Lean‐EVs versus Lean‐MSCs, whereas 787 proteins were upregulated and 185 downregulated in MetS‐EVs versus MetS‐MSCs. Proteins enriched in both Lean‐ and MetS‐EVs participate in vesicle‐mediated transport and cell‐to‐cell communication. Proteins enriched exclusively in Lean‐EVs modulate pathways related to the MSC reparative capacity, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation, as well as transforming growth factor‐β signaling. Contrarily, proteins enriched only in MetS‐EVs are linked to proinflammatory pathways, including acute inflammatory response, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and cytokine production. Coculture with MetS‐EVs increased renal tubular cell inflammation. MetS alters the protein cargo of porcine MSC‐derived EVs, selectively packaging specific proinflammatory signatures that may impair their ability to repair damaged tissues. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:430–440
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John R Woollard
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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4271
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Ryu YS, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Ahn MJ, Yi JM, Hyun YM, Kim SH, Ko MK, Park CO, Hyun JW. Particulate matter induces inflammatory cytokine production via activation of NFκB by TLR5-NOX4-ROS signaling in human skin keratinocyte and mouse skin. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101080. [PMID: 30584981 PMCID: PMC6305701 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) increases levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but its effects on the skin remain largely unknown. We investigated the signal transduction pathway and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying cellular inflammation induced by PM with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 (PM2.5) in vitro and in vivo. PM2.5-treated skin keratinocytes produced various inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6. The binding of PM2.5 to TLR5 initiated intracellular signaling through MyD88, and led to the translocation of NFκB to the nucleus, where it bound the NFκB site within IL-6 promoter. Furthermore, PM2.5 induced a direct interaction between TLR5 and NOX4, and in turn induced the production of ROS and activated NFκB-IL-6 downstream, which was prevented by siRNA-mediated knockdown of NOX4 or antioxidant treatment. Furthermore, expression of TLR5, MyD88, NOX4, phospho-NFκB, and IL-6 was increased in skin tissue of PM2.5-treated flaky tail mice. PM2.5-induced increased transcription of IL-6 was regulated via DNA methylation and histone methylation by epigenetic modification; the binding of DNA demethylase and histone methyltransferase to the IL-6 promoter regions resulted in increased IL-6 mRNA expression. Our findings provide deep insight into the pathogenesis of PM2.5 exposure and can be used as a therapeutic strategy to treat inflammatory skin diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Seong Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Jung Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ko
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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4272
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Nikolaev EV, Zloza A, Sontag ED. Immunobiochemical Reconstruction of Influenza Lung Infection-Melanoma Skin Cancer Interactions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:4. [PMID: 30745900 PMCID: PMC6360404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently reported that acute influenza infection of the lung promoted distal melanoma growth in the dermis of mice. Melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells were shunted to the lung in the presence of the infection, where they expressed high levels of inflammation-induced cell-activation blocker PD-1, and became incapable of migrating back to the tumor site. At the same time, co-infection virus-specific CD8+ T cells remained functional while the infection was cleared. It was also unexpectedly found that PD-1 blockade immunotherapy reversed this effect. Here, we proceed to ground the experimental observations in a mechanistic immunobiochemical model that incorporates T cell pathways that control PD-1 expression. A core component of our model is a kinetic motif, which we call a PD-1 Double Incoherent Feed-Forward Loop (DIFFL), and which reflects known interactions between IRF4, Blimp-1, and Bcl-6. The different activity levels of the PD-1 DIFFL components, as a function of the cognate antigen levels and the given inflammation context, manifest themselves in phenotypically distinct outcomes. Collectively, the model allowed us to put forward a few working hypotheses as follows: (i) the melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells re-circulating with the blood flow enter the lung where they express high levels of inflammation-induced cell-activation blocker PD-1 in the presence of infection; (ii) when PD-1 receptors interact with abundant PD-L1, constitutively expressed in the lung, T cells loose motility; (iii) at the same time, virus-specific cells adapt to strong stimulation by their cognate antigen by lowering the transiently-elevated expression of PD-1, remaining functional and mobile in the inflamed lung, while the infection is cleared. The role that T cell receptor (TCR) activation and feedback loops play in the underlying processes are also highlighted and discussed. We hope that the results reported in our study could potentially contribute to the advancement of immunological approaches to cancer treatment and, as well, to a better understanding of a broader complexity of fundamental interactions between pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni V. Nikolaev
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Clinical Investigations and Precision Therapeutics Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Section of Surgical Oncology Research, Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Eduardo D. Sontag
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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4273
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Casanova E, Salvadó J, Crescenti A, Gibert-Ramos A. Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Muscle Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity by Targeting Energetic and Redox Pathways: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030532. [PMID: 30691224 PMCID: PMC6387143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue, affecting the healthy secretion profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Increased influx of fatty acids and inflammatory adipokines from adipose tissue can induce muscle oxidative stress and inflammation and negatively regulate myocyte metabolism. Muscle has emerged as an important mediator of homeostatic control through the consumption of energy substrates, as well as governing systemic signaling networks. In muscle, obesity is related to decreased glucose uptake, deregulation of lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review focuses on the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) on oxidative stress and inflammation, linked to the metabolic dysfunction of skeletal muscle in obesity and their underlying mechanisms. EGCG works by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, by reversing the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle and regulating mitochondria-involved autophagy. Moreover, EGCG increases muscle lipid oxidation and stimulates glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. EGCG acts by modulating cell signaling including the NF-κB, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Casanova
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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4274
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Yang M, Kan L, Wu L, Zhu Y, Wang Q. Effect of baicalin on renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy and its therapeutic mechanism. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2071-2076. [PMID: 30867693 PMCID: PMC6396004 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study observed the effect of baicalin on blood glucose and renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy and explored its mechanism of action. A total of 95 patients diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy by clinical and laboratory examinations were selected and randomly divided into a control and treatment group. The control group included 45 patients who were treated with routine symptomatic treatment. The remaining 50 patients in the treatment group received baicalin, in addition to routine symptomatic treatment. The treatment course was 6 months. Following this, the changes of indicators such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c), aldose reductase (AR) activity, 24-h urinary microalbumin, urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were compared before and after treatment; at the same time, the variations of indexes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected. Compared with those in the control group, baicalin had little effect on the treatment group's FPG and HBA1c, but it clearly reduced the AR activity and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Baicalin visibly decreased the 24-h urinary microalbumin, urinary β2-MG and UAER (P<0.05) and had notable effect on improving renal function. Following treatment, compared with those in the control group, baicalin distinctly increased the levels of SOD and GSH-px (P<0.05) and decreased the content of NF-κB and VEGF (P<0.05), however, its impact on the expression of TGF-β1 was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results showed that baicalin may improve the renal function in patients with diabetic nephropathy and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy through various ways, including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Lin Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Lianye Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
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4275
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Fereig RM, Abdelbaky HH, Kuroda Y, Nishikawa Y. Critical role of TLR2 in triggering protective immunity with cyclophilin entrapped in oligomannose-coated liposomes against Neospora caninum infection in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:937-944. [PMID: 30660401 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii. N. caninum is thought to be a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Given the current situation of drastic economic losses and a lack of efficient control strategies against such parasites, the challenge to develop potent vaccine candidates and technologies remains. We investigated the immune stimulating activity of N. caninum cyclophilin (NcCyp) with and without a formulation with oligomannose-coated-liposomes (OML) as the potential adjuvant. NcCyp-OML activated NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells and triggered interleukin (IL)-12p40 production from murine peritoneal macrophages. In BALB/c mice, immunization with NcCyp-OML was associated with the production of specific antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a). The specific antibody (IgG1) against naked NcCyp was also observed after the challenge infection, but it was significantly lower than those of NcCyp-OML. Moreover, significant cellular immune responses were induced, including spleen cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production. The immunization of mice with NcCyp-OML, and to lesser extent with naked NcCyp, induced significant protection against challenge with a lethal dose of N. caninum compared with the PBS control group. This protection was associated with a higher survival rate, slight changes in body weight, and lower clinical score of mice. In addition, the significant protective efficacy of NcCyp-OML was confirmed in another mouse strain, male C57BL/6 mice. The current study revealed the marked contribution of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to the protective immunity triggered by NcCyp-OML because higher numbers of TLR2-/- mice succumbed to a lethal dose of N. caninum compared with C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, prominent spleen cell proliferation and IFN-γ production was induced in NcCyp-OML-immunized mice by a TLR2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab M Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abdelbaky
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuroda
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kita-kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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4276
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Lu LH, Chao CH, Yeh TM. Inhibition of autophagy protects against sepsis by concurrently attenuating the cytokine storm and vascular leakage. J Infect 2019; 78:178-186. [PMID: 30653985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response for which no satisfactory therapeutic drug is available. Previous studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the cytokine storm and vascular leakage that occur during sepsis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of autophagy inhibitors against bacterial infection-induced sepsis. METHODS Cytokine production and phagocytosis of bacteria by human leukocytes and the permeability of endothelial cells were determined after the co-incubation of cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Escherichia coli in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors in vitro. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of the autophagy inhibitors in E. coli-infected mice were analysed. RESULTS In the presence of the autophagy inhibitors, the LPS-triggered cytokine secretion of human leucocytes and LPS (or LPS-conditioned medium from leucocytes)-induced endothelial hyperpermeability were significantly reduced. Moreover, the inhibition of autophagy enhanced the clearance of E. coli by leucocytes in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated that post-treatment but not pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor (hydroxychloroquine) completely protected mice against E. coli infection-induced lethality by simultaneously reducing cytokine production and vascular leakage and enhancing bacterial clearance. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hsuan Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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4277
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Elkamhawy A, Hassan AHE, Paik S, Sup Lee Y, Lee HH, Shin JS, Lee KT, Roh EJ. EGFR inhibitors from cancer to inflammation: Discovery of 4-fluoro-N-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl)benzamide as a novel anti-inflammatory EGFR inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:112-118. [PMID: 30685642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
EGFR inhibitors are well-known as anticancer agents. Quite differently, we report our effort to develop EGFR inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents. Pyrimidinamide EGFR inhibitors eliciting low micromolar IC50 and the structurally close non-EGFR inhibitor urea analog were synthesized. Comparing their nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity in peritoneal macrophages and RAW 246.7 macrophages indicated that their anti-inflammatory activity in peritoneal macrophages might be a sequence of EGFR inhibition. Further evaluations proved that compound 4d significantly and dose-dependently inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production via NF-κB inactivation in peritoneal macrophages. Compound 4d might serve as a lead compound for development of a novel class of anti-inflammatory EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sora Paik
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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4278
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Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases 3 and 4 direct glycerolipid synthesis and affect functionality in activated macrophages. Biochem J 2019; 476:85-99. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMacrophage classical M1 activation via TLR4 triggers a variety of responses to achieve the elimination of foreign pathogens. During this process, there is also an increase in lipid droplets which contain large quantities of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL). The functional consequences of this increment in lipid mass are poorly understood. Here, we studied the contribution of glycerolipid synthesis to lipid accumulation, focusing specifically on the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with Kdo2-lipid A, we showed that glycerolipid synthesis is induced during macrophage activation. GPAT4 protein level and GPAT3/GPAT4 enzymatic activity increase during this process, and these two isoforms were required for the accumulation of cell TAG and PL. The phagocytic capacity of Gpat3−/− and Gpat4−/− BMDM was impaired. Additionally, inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation reduced phagocytosis only partially, suggesting that lipid accumulation is not necessary for the energy requirements for phagocytosis. Finally, Gpat4−/− BMDM expressed and released more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after macrophage activation, suggesting a role for GPAT4 in suppressing inflammatory responses. Together, these results provide evidence that glycerolipid synthesis directed by GPAT4 is important for the attenuation of the inflammatory response in activated macrophages.
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4279
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Chen Z, Amro EM, Becker F, Hölzer M, Rasa SMM, Njeru SN, Han B, Di Sanzo S, Chen Y, Tang D, Tao S, Haenold R, Groth M, Romanov VS, Kirkpatrick JM, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Marz M, Ori A, Neri F, Morita Y, Rudolph KL. Cohesin-mediated NF-κB signaling limits hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in aging and inflammation. J Exp Med 2019; 216:152-175. [PMID: 30530755 PMCID: PMC6314529 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organism aging is characterized by increased inflammation and decreased stem cell function, yet the relationship between these factors remains incompletely understood. This study shows that aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) exhibit increased ground-stage NF-κB activity, which enhances their responsiveness to undergo differentiation and loss of self-renewal in response to inflammation. The study identifies Rad21/cohesin as a critical mediator of NF-κB signaling, which increases chromatin accessibility in the vicinity of NF-κB target genes in response to inflammation. Rad21 is required for normal differentiation, but limits self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during aging and inflammation in an NF-κB-dependent manner. HSCs from aged mice fail to down-regulate Rad21/cohesin and inflammation/differentiation signals in the resolution phase of inflammation. Inhibition of cohesin/NF-κB reverts hypersensitivity of aged HSPCs to inflammation-induced differentiation and myeloid-biased HSCs with disrupted/reduced expression of Rad21/cohesin are increasingly selected during aging. Together, Rad21/cohesin-mediated NF-κB signaling limits HSPC function during aging and selects for cohesin-deficient HSCs with myeloid-skewed differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Elias Moris Amro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Friedrich Becker
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Bing Han
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Simone Di Sanzo
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yulin Chen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Duozhuang Tang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Si Tao
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Haenold
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Vasily S Romanov
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yohei Morita
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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4280
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Li W, Wang Y, Li X, Yu H, Ran P, Liu Z. Systems pharmacology uncovers the mechanisms of anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI) for the prevention of asthma. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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4281
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INDICATORS OF OXIDATIVE-NITROSATIVE STRESS IN PERIODONTAL TISSUES OF RATS EXPOSED TO LOCAL IRRITATION OF GUMS DURING LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-3-69-184-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4282
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Rahman S, Alzarea S. Glial mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder: Potential therapeutic opportunities. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:159-178. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4283
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Ayelign B, Genetu M, Wondmagegn T, Adane G, Negash M, Berhane N. TNF-α (-308) Gene Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopian Diabetes Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2453-2459. [PMID: 31819571 PMCID: PMC6886533 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s229987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from insulin insufficiency or function. Predisposing factors for T2DM are mainly genetic and environmental. Genetic polymorphism of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is suggestive of interference with insulin-sensitive glucose uptake and induces insulin resistance that ultimately could lead to T2DM. In this study, we assessed the effect of TNF-α (-308) G/A gene polymorphism and its association with the development of T2DM in an Ethiopian population. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on study subjects with T2DM and non-diabetic healthy controls. DNA was extracted and genotyping was carried out by using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. A genetic-polymorphism on TNF-α (-308) G/A with T2DM was evaluated by logistic regression and Student's t-test. A P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS In the present study, we observed a significant association between T2DM and TNF-α (-308) gene polymorphism's GG genotype [χ2 test P = 0.005, OR (95% CI) =2.667 (1.309-5.45d8)]. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were observed in the frequencies of genotypes AA and AG (χ2 test P=0.132 and 0.067, respectively). Moreover, T2DM individuals had higher concentrations of lipid profiles for those carrying the TNF-α (-308) GG genotype as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION TNF-α (-308) genetic polymorphism may be implicated in the genetic susceptibility for, as well as the development of T2DM and lipid metabolism in the Ethiopian population. Therefore, a large-scale study and early screening of TNF-α (-308) genetic polymorphism may help in early management and control of diabetes and related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopa
- Correspondence: Birhanu Ayelign Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopa Email
| | - Meaza Genetu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopa
| | - Tadelo Wondmagegn
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopa
| | - Gashaw Adane
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopa
| | - Markos Negash
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopa
| | - Nega Berhane
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Computational and Natural Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopa
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4284
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Das SC, Al-Naemi HA. Cadmium Toxicity: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Tissue Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/odem.2019.74012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4285
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Ohama T. The multiple functions of protein phosphatase 6. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4286
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Mattina GF, Van Lieshout RJ, Steiner M. Inflammation, depression and cardiovascular disease in women: the role of the immune system across critical reproductive events. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 13:1753944719851950. [PMID: 31144599 PMCID: PMC6545651 DOI: 10.1177/1753944719851950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are at increased risk for developing depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the lifespan and their comorbidity is associated with adverse outcomes that contribute significantly to rates of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Immune-system activity has been implicated in the etiology of both depression and CVD, but it is unclear how inflammation contributes to sex differences in this comorbidity. This narrative review provides an updated synthesis of research examining the association of inflammation with depression and CVD, and their comorbidity in women. Recent research provides evidence of pro-inflammatory states and sex differences associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the serotonin/kynurenine pathway, that likely contribute to the development of depression and CVD. Changes to inflammatory cytokines in relation to reproductive periods of hormonal fluctuation (i.e. the menstrual cycle, perinatal period and menopause) are highlighted and provide a greater understanding of the unique vulnerability women experience in developing both depressed mood and adverse cardiovascular events. Inflammatory biomarkers hold substantial promise when combined with a patient's reproductive and mental health history to aid in the prediction, identification and treatment of the women most at risk for CVD and depression. However, more research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in relation to their comorbidity, and how these findings can be translated to improve women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella F. Mattina
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ryan J. Van Lieshout
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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4287
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Obesity-Induced TNFα and IL-6 Signaling: The Missing Link between Obesity and Inflammation-Driven Liver and Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010024. [PMID: 30591653 PMCID: PMC6356226 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes the development of numerous cancers, such as liver and colorectal cancers, which is at least partly due to obesity-induced, chronic, low-grade inflammation. In particular, the recruitment and activation of immune cell subsets in the white adipose tissue systemically increase proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These proinflammatory cytokines not only impair insulin action in metabolic tissues, but also favor cancer development. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on how obesity affects inflammatory TNFα and IL-6 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancers.
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4288
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Farahnak S, Chronopoulos J, Martin JG. Nucleic Acid Sensing in Allergic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:1-33. [PMID: 30904191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances indicate that there is crosstalk between allergic disorders and nucleic acid sensing. Triggers that activate inflammatory mechanisms via nucleic acid sensors affect both allergic phenotypes and anti-viral responses, depending on the timing and the order of exposure. Viral respiratory infections, such as those caused by the rhinovirus, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, are the most frequent cause of significant asthma exacerbations through effects mediated predominantly by TLR3. However, agonists of other nucleic acid sensors, such as TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists, may inhibit allergic inflammation and reduce clinical manifestations of disease. The allergic state can predispose the immune system to both exaggerated responses to viral infections or protection from anti-viral inflammatory responses. TH2 cytokines appear to alter the epithelium, leading to defective viral clearance or exaggerated responses to viral infections. However, a TH2 skewed allergic response may be protective against a TH1-dependent inflammatory anti-viral response. This review briefly introduces the receptors involved in nucleic acid sensing, addresses mechanisms by which nucleic acid sensing and allergic responses can counteract one another, and discusses the strategies in experimental settings, both in animal and human studies, to harness the nucleic acid sensing machinery for the intervention of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Farahnak
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4289
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Uchio R, Murosaki S, Ichikawa H. Hot water extract of turmeric ( Curcuma longa) prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. J Nutr Sci 2018; 7:e36. [PMID: 30627433 PMCID: PMC6313422 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuma longa, also known as turmeric, has long been used as a medicinal herb with various biological effects. A hot water extract of C. longa (WEC) has been reported to show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but its effect on hepatic inflammation is poorly understood. In the present study, to investigate the effect of WEC on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-methionine, choline-deficient diet with 0·175 % WEC (WEC group) or without WEC (control group) for 6 or 12 weeks. Although hepatic steatosis was similar in the WEC group and the control group, WEC suppressed the elevation of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which are markers of hepatocellular damage. Compared with the control group, the WEC group had higher hepatic levels of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, as well as a lower hepatic level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. WEC also reduced hepatic expression of mRNA for inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, F4/80 and CC motif chemokine receptor 2. Histological examination revealed that WEC suppressed hepatic recruitment of F4/80+ monocytes/macrophages and inhibited hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, WEC inhibited hepatic expression of mRNA for molecules related to fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor-β, α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen (α1-chain) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1. These findings suggest that dietary intake of WEC prevents the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by alleviating hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CCR2, CC motif chemokine receptor 2
- COL1A1, α1-chain of type I collagen
- Fibrosis
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GSSG, oxidised glutathione
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- Inflammation
- KC, Kupffer cells
- LMCD, low-methionine, choline-deficient
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Oxidative stress
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
- VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
- WEC, hot water extract of Curcuma longa
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Uchio
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Shinji Murosaki
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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4290
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Woo Y, Kim H, Kim KC, Han JA, Jung YJ. Tumor-secreted factors induce IL-1β maturation via the glucose-mediated synergistic axis of mTOR and NF-κB pathways in mouse macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209653. [PMID: 30586442 PMCID: PMC6306269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the major cell types that produce IL-1β. IL-1β maturation occurs via inflammasome activation, and mature IL-1β is then released from the cell. Secreted IL-1β mediates inflammatory reactions in various pathological environments, such as those in infectious, autoimmune, and cancerous diseases. Although the mechanism of IL-1β production has been discovered in infectious and autoimmune diseases, its production mechanism in the tumor microenvironment is unclear. Therefore, the mechanism of IL-1β production in macrophages in the tumor microenvironment was investigated in this study. First, bone marrow-derived macrophages obtained from C57BL/6 mice were treated with B16F10 tumor-conditioned media (TCM) in vitro. TCM increased the levels of IL-1β via glucose-mediated activation of the inflammasome. Moreover, TCM enhanced the activation of both NF-κB and mTOR pathways in a glucose-dependent manner. In particular, the expression levels of mTORC1 component proteins were dependent on the TCM-induced activation of NF-κB signaling. In addition, TCM affected ASC-ASC interactions through increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Finally, glucose inhibition by inoculation with 2-deoxy-D-glucose in vivo decreased the IL-1β levels in both the blood and tumor region of B16F10-bearing C57BL/6 mice relative to those in PBS-injected tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that glucose supplied from blood vessels might be important for IL-1β production in tumor-associated macrophages via the integrated signals of the NF-κB and mTOR pathways in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseo Woo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A. Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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4291
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Arai M. [Lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy with a small intramedullary lesion in posterior spinal cord: a case report]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018; 58:745-749. [PMID: 30487361 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We present the unique case of a patient with lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (LRPN) and a small intramedullary lesion, probably an infarction, in the spinal cord. A previously healthy 58-year-old female developed acute severe pain involving the entire right lower limb, followed by weakness of the right lower limb a few hours later. The patient could not walk and was referred to our clinic. The patient reported no sphincter symptoms. Examination of the cranial nerves and upper limbs revealed no abnormalities. The strength in her right lower limb was reduced to Medical Research Council grade 1-2/5 with depressed tendon reflexes. The muscle power and tendon reflexes were normal in the left lower limb, whereas plantar responses were flexor on both sides. There was moderate sensory loss to light touch, pin-prick, vibration, cold temperature stimulation, and proprioception in the right lower limb. Routine laboratory tests and cerebrospinal fluid were unremarkable as were homocysteine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and antinuclear cytoplasmic antibody. The patient was diagnosed with LRPN, and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone elicited favorable effects. After a four-week course of inpatient rehabilitation, the patient regained independent gait with a T-cane. Interestingly, thoracic MRI showed a small area of hyperintensity in the right posterior portion of the spinal cord at the level of T10 spine on diffusion-weighted images. The lesion showed slight hypointensity on the apparent diffusion coefficient map, suggesting acute infarction. Edema in the paraspinal muscles demonstrated by MRI suggested acute denervation caused by a lesion in the posterior rami or anterior roots. Somatosensory evoked potentials demonstrated prolonged N20 peak latency following right posterior tibial nerve stimulation, consistent with a lesion in right S1 and S2 roots. This case illustrates that microvasculitis, a keystone of the LRPN pathophysiology, could involve peripheral perforating arteries of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomi Arai
- Department of Neurology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital
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4292
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del Pino J, Marco-Contelles J, López-Muñoz F, Romero A, Ramos E. Neuroinflammation Signaling Modulated by ASS234, a Multitarget Small Molecule for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2880-2885. [PMID: 30048111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, modulating the inflammatory environment in brain has become a powerful and attractive strategy to deal with Alzheimer's disease physiopathology. In spite of the neuroprotective capacity shown by ASS234, a multitarget propargylamine targeted for Alzheimer's disease, its regulation of inflammation in the brain still remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to characterize possible anti-inflammatory effects of ASS234, counteracting induced inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells and evaluating seven neuroinflammation related genes expression profiling (IL-6, IL-10, IL1β, NF-κB, TNF-α, TNFR1, and TGF-β), after ASS234 (5 μM) treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. The analysis of the obtained fold changes lead us to conclude that ASS234 may play an important role facing the neuroinflammatory environment in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier del Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, “Hospital 12 de Octubre” Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4293
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Ning Z, Wang C, Liu Y, Song Z, Ma X, Liang D, Liu Z, Lu A. Integrating Strategies of Herbal Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Experiment Validation to Investigate Frankincense Processing Effects. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1482. [PMID: 30618770 PMCID: PMC6305425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In-depth research on processing can promote the globalization of processed herbs. The purpose of this study is to propose an improved strategy for processing effect investigation. Frankincense and processed frankincense were used as research subjects. First, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and preparation high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC) techniques were used for major compounds isolation and minor compounds concentration. Processed frankincense was subjected to two stepwise solvent systems, namely, n-hexane:ethanol:water (6:5:1) and n-hexane:methyl-acetate:acetonitrile:water (4:4:3:4), to yield 12 fractions, and 18 compounds were further separated. Second, a comprehensive metabolomic analysis conducted by ultrahigh-performance liquid-chromatography/electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Qtof-MS) coupled with multivariate statistics was performed to fully characterize the chemical components and discover the potential biomarkers between frankincense and processed frankincense. In total, 81 metabolites, including the 18 separated compounds, were selected as potential biomarkers between frankincense and processed frankincense among 153 detected compounds for their VIP values of greater than one. The tirucallane-type compounds and components with 9,11-dehydro structures clearly occurred at high levels in the processed frankincense, while lupine-type compounds and those with 11-keto structures were significantly higher in frankincense. Then, a network pharmacology model was constructed to decipher the potential mechanisms of processing. Intestinal absorption properties prediction indicated the possibility of processing-related absorption enhancement. A systematic analysis of the constructed networks showed that the C-T network was constructed with 18 potential biomarkers and 69 targets. TNF and IL-1β were among the top-ranked and were linked by 8 and 7 pathways, which were mainly involved in inflammation. The arachidonic acid metabolism pathway exhibited the highest number of target connections. Finally, the prediction was validated experimentally by an intestinal permeability and efficacy assay. The experiments provided convincing evidence that processed frankincense harbored stronger inhibition effects toward TNF-α-, IL-1β- and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. The processing procedure leads to changes of the chemical metabolites, which triggers the enhancement of absorption and cure efficiency. The global change of the metabolites, absorption and pharmacological effects of processing were depicted in a systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangchi Ning
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinling Ma
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongrui Liang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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4294
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Association between inflammatory-response gene polymorphisms and risk of acute kidney injury in children. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180537. [PMID: 30429237 PMCID: PMC6294618 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the association of 12 polymorphisms in six inflammatory-response genes (TNF, IL6, IL10, IL18, NFKB1 and NFKBIA) with risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children. The polymorphisms were genotyped in 1138 children with AKI and 1382 non-AKI controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio for estimating the risk association. After accounting for Bonferroni correction and adjustment for potential confounders, significant association was observed for NFKB1 rs28362491, NFKBIA rs2233406 and NFKBIA rs696 polymorphisms (P < 0.004). All three polymorphisms were associated with a reduced risk of AKI. For rs28362491 polymorphism, the OR for ID vs. II comparison was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.58-0.83) while that for DD vs. II was 0.44 (95% CI = 0.30-0.67). For rs2233406 polymorphism, the CT vs. CC comparison showed an OR of 0.90 (95% CI = 0.39-0.99), while the TT vs. CC comparison showed an OR of 0.43 (95% CI = 0.33-0.80). For rs696 polymorphism, the OR for AG vs. AA comparison was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.43-0.89), while the GG vs. AA comparison showed an OR of 0.39 (95% CI = 0.21-0.71). In conclusion, NFKB1 rs28362491, NFKBIA rs2233406 and NFKBIA rs696 polymorphisms may serve as biomarkers for predicting risk of AKI in children.
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4295
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Luo G, Cheng BCY, Zhao H, Fu XQ, Xie R, Zhang SF, Pan SY, Zhang Y. Schisandra Chinensis Lignans Suppresses the Production of Inflammatory Mediators Regulated by NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123319. [PMID: 30558163 PMCID: PMC6320760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra Fructus (SF) is a traditional Chinese herb used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders like hepatitis. One of the main anti-inflammatory components of SF is the lignans. However, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of Schisandra Chinensis lignans (SCL) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of SCL on inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and explore the underlying mechanism. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by Griess reaction. ELISA was used to determine cytokine levels and chemokines secretion. To estimate protein levels and enzyme activities, we employed Western blotting. Nuclear localization of NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 was detected using immunofluorescence analyses. The results showed that SCL significantly reduced the release of inflammatory mediators, including NO and PGE2, which may be related to down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression. The production of cytokines and chemokines was suppressed by SCL treatment. SCL also decreased the phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκB-α, Akt, TBK1, ERK, p38, JNK, NF-κB (p65), AP-1 (c-Jun), and IRF3 in RAW264.7 macrophages activated with LPS. The nuclear protein levels and nuclear translocation of AP-1, NF-κB and IRF3 were suppressed by SCL. These results indicated that SCL suppressed the IKKα/β/NF-κB, MAPKs/AP-1 and TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Brian Chi-Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Quality Healthcare Medical Services, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Ran Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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4296
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Paul M, Kumar Panda M, Thatoi H. Developing Hispolon-based novel anticancer therapeutics against human (NF-κβ) using in silico approach of modelling, docking and protein dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3947-3967. [PMID: 30295165 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1532321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hispolon is a polyphenolic compound derived from black hoof mushroom (Phellinus linteus) or shaggy bracket mushroom (Inonotus hispidus) which induces the inhibition of cancer-promoting nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κβ) complex. To develop more potent lead molecules with enhanced anticancer efficiency, the mechanism of hispolon-mediated nuclear factor-κβ inhibition has been investigated by molecular modelling and docking. Ten derivatives of hispolon (DRG1-10) have been developed by pharmacophore-based design with a view to enhance the anticancer efficacy. Hispolon and its derivatives were further screened for different pharmacological parameters like binding free energy, drug likeliness, absorption-digestion-metabolism-excretion (ADME), permeability, mutagenicity, toxicity and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) to find a potent lead molecule. Based on pharmacological validation, comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed for three lead molecules: Hispolon, DRG2 and DRG7 complexed with human NF-κβ up to 50 ns. By analysing different factors like root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and principal component analysis (PCA), Gibb's free energy plots DRG2 have more binding efficiency compared to hispolon and DRG7. In RMSD plot, hispolon-bound NF-κβ has the most deviation within a range between 0.125 and 0.45 nm, and DRG2-bound complex showed the range between 0.125 and 0.25 nm. The residues of NF-κβ responsible for hydrophobic interactions with ligand, e.g. Met469, Leu522 and Cys533, have the lowest fluctuation values in DRG2-bound complex. The average Rg fluctuation for DRG2-bound NF-κβ has been recorded under 2.025 nm for most of the simulation time which is much less compared to hispolon and DRG7. Gibb's free energy plots also define the highest stability of DRG2-bound NF-κβ. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Paul
- a Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University , Baripada , Odisha , India
| | | | - Hrudayanath Thatoi
- a Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University , Baripada , Odisha , India
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4297
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Tocmo R, Parkin K. S-Alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB pathway and modulation of thiol redox status. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:548-558. [PMID: 30342185 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Allium vegetable-derived metabolite, S-alk(en)ylmercaptocysteine (CySSR), has been reported to modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, the underlying mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships are not completely understood. We investigated the mechanistic basis of the protective effects of CySSR on pro-inflammatory responses involving redox/oxidative stress induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using RAW 264.7 cells. CySSR (R = allyl, "A" or 1-propenyl, "Pe") pre-treatments conferred concentration-dependent reductions in cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), NO production and iNOS (inducible nitric synthase) overexpression, and attenuated oxidant production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells where viability remained > 90%. These protective effects were manifested through inhibited activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via suppression of the IκB kinases (IKK) phosphorylation possibly by transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 or a kinase further upstream the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. The attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation by CySSRs was associated with enhanced levels of cellular cysteine (CySH) and glutathione (GSH) mediated by cellular import/reduction of CySSR and the induction of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), one of > 200 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulated proteins. The reduction of anti-inflammatory effect of CySSR following pretreatment of cells with L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) implicates GSH having a major role in reducing inflammation, likely in the context of other Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes that scavenge H2O2 and peroxides using GSH as co-substrate. The anti-inflammatory effect of CySSPe was significantly greater than CySSA for almost all indicators measured, and cell metabolites of CySSRs may have a role in attenuating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Restituto Tocmo
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Kirk Parkin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Babcock Hall, 1605 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4298
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Ganguly S, Kuravi S, Alleboina S, Mudduluru G, Jensen RA, McGuirk JP, Balusu R. Targeted Therapy for EBV-Associated B-cell Neoplasms. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:839-844. [PMID: 30487243 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is directly implicated in several B-cell lymphoid malignancies. EBV-associated lymphomas are characterized by prominent activation of the NF-κB pathway and targeting this pathway establishes a rationale for a therapeutic approach. The ubiquitin/proteasome signaling plays an essential role in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway. Ixazomib is an FDA-approved, orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitor. Here we report the first preclinical evaluation of ixazomib-mediated growth-inhibitory effects on EBV-infected B-lymphoblastoid cell lines Raji and Daudi. Ixazomib induced apoptosis in these cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Cell-cycle analysis demonstrated ixazomib treatment induced cell-cycle arrest at the G2-M phase with a concomitant decrease in G0-G1 and S phases. The results further revealed an increase in p53, p21, and p27 levels and a decrease in survivin and c-Myc protein levels. Mechanistically, ixazomib treatment resulted in the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins, including phosphorylated IκBα with a significant reduction of p65 subunit nuclear translocation. Altogether, our preclinical data support the rationale for in vivo testing of ixazomib in EBV-associated B-cell neoplasms. IMPLICATIONS: This preclinical study supports the use of oral proteasome inhibitor ixazomib for targeting NF-κB signaling in the treatment of EBV-associated B-cell neoplasms.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/4/839/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Ganguly
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sudhakiranmayi Kuravi
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Satyanarayana Alleboina
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Giridhar Mudduluru
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Roy A Jensen
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Joseph P McGuirk
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas. .,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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4299
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Jakubaszek M, Goud B, Ferrari S, Gasser G. Mechanisms of action of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes in living cells upon light irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13040-13059. [PMID: 30398487 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05928d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique photophysical properties of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes make them very attractive candidates as photosensitisers in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). However, to date, there are not many studies exploring in detail the mechanism(s) of action of such compounds in living systems upon light irradiation. This feature article provides an overview of the most in-depth biological studies on such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris, France.
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4300
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Cancer stem cells: Road to therapeutic resistance and strategies to overcome resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1866:165339. [PMID: 30481586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike other normal cells, a subpopulation of cells often termed as "stem cells" are long-lived and generate cellular progeny throughout life. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare immortal cells within a tumor that can both self-renew by dividing and giving rise to many cell types that constitute the tumor. CSCs also have been shown to be involved in fundamental processes of cell proliferation and metastatic dissemination. CSCs are generally resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a subset of remaining CSCs after therapy can survive and promote cancer relapse and resistance to therapies. Understanding the biological characteristics of CSCs, the pathways leading to their sustainability and proliferation, and the CSCs role in drug resistance is crucial for establishing novel tumor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we address the pathways that regulate CSCs, the role of CSCs in the resistance to therapy, and strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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